Design Thinking Book / Haley Evans / M. Arch Sam Fox School

THE EARTH IS NOT DISPOSABLE

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Reduce Reuse Recycle is a phrase we have heard over and over, but is this a cycle that we diligently practice in our daily life? No, we live in a carbon centric community and have a disposable mentality, when something no longer fits our needs, we discard it. Once we do this its effects are usually invisible to us, but soon the effect will become visible. We have a deadline coming up, we must reach zero carbon emissions by 2050 or we will face serious consequences. The fight against Climate change is urgent and going to dramatically transform our current lifestyle. Currently the government, the architecture community and all of the earth’s inhabitants are not doing enough to fight against this change. In order to adapt to an environment transforming before our eyes and to combat any further damage we are going to have to change. In order to begin this change to climate conscious lifestyle, it is extremely important to educate people and help them form new more sustainable habits. A community designed specifically to foster the formation of new habits and to educate people on the ways of this new lifestyle would begin to spark a want in people to fight climate change. In order to reach this deadline, it is crucial that the spark that starts in this community can reach to the surrounding neighborhoods, people within St. Louis and beyond. We caused this problem, and it is up to us to work together to save our planet from Climate change.

Haley Evans Design Thinking Fall 1019 Faculty: Julie Bauer Faculty Assistant: Alexander Ayres

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join us!

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they were right all along

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PREMISE

10 - 49 PROGRAM

50 - 73 PLACE

74 - 97 POSSIBILITIES

98 - 105

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CONTENTS

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Assignment One

As a society we live a very unsustainable lifestyle, when something no longer serves our needs we replace it with something new. This goes for items at every scale from items around our homes to the architecture we inhabit. Our world is quickly changing, how will we change in order to create a more sustainable environment? A new form of sustainable architecture must be invented in order to make this change.

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Jamestown Mall, Florissant, MO

Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO

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PREMISE Climate change is a issue that is the most pressing of our time. Other issues like health, justice, and many others, although important only become exacerbated from the effects of climate change. In order to improve our plant holistically, climate change must be addressed foremost.

If we do not reach zero carbon emissions by 2050 globally, we will experience serious consequences. St. Louis although, far from the coasts will fall victim to climate change. Flood waters will begin to encroach from our flood plains into our communities and into our farmland, temperatures will rise causing changes in growing seasons as well as uncomfortable living conditions. But yet Missouri stands still continuously contributing to the problem, more coal is consumed here than in any other state other than Texas.

Our city, the Government, the architecture community and all of the earth’s inhabitants are not doing enough to fight against this change and our emissions levels are climbing. Programs at the government level are not acting fast enough and have hidden agendas that shift the focus away from simply saving the planet. The sustainable architecture movement has been successful at raising awareness within the building community, but raising awareness is just one step in moving to a climate conscious world. Architectural programs such as LEED can’t make in impact big enough on their own, green buildings need green people to inhabit them.

Individuals acts have a global impact, although from viewpoint our actions typically do not have a consequence we can see. This impact will become visible soon if we do not change our ways. The lifestyle of a person living in the 21st century is carbon centric; it is ingrained in our mentality from birth that things are disposable and when they are disposed of they disappear. Unfortunately, nothing has gone away, and we will have to suffer the consequences of our disposable mentality. We have been hard wired into a certain lifestyle, an unsustainable lifestyle. It is now necessary that we change this. This change is more extensive than driving less and purchasing a metal straw, it involved rewiring an entire society we have constructed and the habits that we all have.

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“Change is coming whether you like it or not�

-Greta Thunberg Environmental activist on climate change

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Climate Impact Map Change from Historical to End of Century Temperature Rise

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Climate Change Effects

Climate Change = TEMPERATURE RISE DROUGHT INSECT OUTBREAKS HEAT WAVES REDUCED AGRICULTURAL YIELD ARCTIC ICE MELT SEA LEVEL RISE POOR AIR QUALITY

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EROSION STORM INTENSITY INCREASE INCREASED SNOWFALL STORM INTENSITY INCREASE FLOODING HEAVY DOWNPOURS WILDFIRE DISEASE TRANSMISSION DECLINING WATER SUPPLY

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“The world could be on fire And we wouldn’t know The temperature is rising And no one knows Hide behind the money That’s the way it goes The world could be on fire And we wouldn’t know” -Ashe Singer-songwriter

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National and Global Climate Change Policies, Programs, and Action Plans Paris Agreement- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change The Paris Agreement brings 183 nations to a common cause to make into action ambitious efforts to combat climate change and adapt to its extreme effects. It also includes support to assist developing countries to do s well. It charts a new path towards a global climate effort. As of 2019 183 nations have ratified the agreement.

IPCC The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the United Nations body for assessing the science related to climate change. The IPCC has released special reports such as the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C, and 2019 Refinement to 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.

Green New Deal The Green New Deal is a proposed United States legislation that aims to address climate change and economic inequality by using economic reforms and public works projects with modern ideas such as renewable energy and resource efficiency.

Global Climate Strike Students around the world walked out of class n September to demand radical action on the unfolding ecological emergency.

Fridays for Future Fridays For Future is a movement that began in August 2018 after teenager Greta Thunberg sat in front of the Swedish parliament every school day for three weeks to protest elected leaders’ lack of action on the climate crisis.

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Green House Gas Emissions

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TRANSPORTATION

ELECTRICITY AND HEAT

INDUSTRY

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES

AGRICULTURE

WASTE

U.S. GHG Emissions Flow Chart Sector/IPCC Reporting Category

End Use/Activity

Road Transportation

21.6%

27.2%

Air

3.3%

Rail, Ship, & Other Transport

2.3%

E N E R G Y

Residential Buildings

Electricity & Heat

Gas

15.3%

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 85%

32.4% Commercial Buildings

12.0%

Unallocated Fuel Combustion 4.5% Iron & Steel

2.2%

Aluminum/Non-Ferrous Metals

Other Fuel Combustion

Industry

11.7%

1.2%

Machinery

1.5%

Pulp, Paper & Printing

2.3%

Food & Tobacco

12.4%

Fugitive Emissions 3.0% Industrial Processes 4.5% Agriculture

6.2%

Waste

2.6%

1.7%

Chemicals

8.5%

Cement

2.3%

Other Industry

5.9%

T&D Losses

2.6%

Coal Mining

3.0%

Agriculture Soils

3.6%

Livestock & Manure Landfills Wastewater, Other Waste

HFCs, PFCs, SF6 2%

1.0%

Oil/Gas Extraction, Refining & Processing

Rice/Other Agriculture 0.1%

2.5% 1.9% 0.8%

Methane (CH4) 8% Nitrous Oxide (N2O) 5%

Sources & Notes: Emissions data comes from the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2003, U.S. EPA (using the CRF document). Allocations from “Electricity & Heat” and “Industry” to end uses are WRI estimates based on energy use data from the International Energy Agency (IEA, 2005). All data is for 2003. All calculations are based on CO 2 equivalents, using 100-year global warming potentials from the IPCC (1996), based on total U.S. emissions of 6,978 MtCO2 equivalent. Emissions from fuels in international bunkers are included under Transportation. Emissions from solvents are included under Industrial Processes.

Emissions and sinks from land use change and forestry (LUCF), which account for a sink of 821.6 MtCO2 equivalent, and flows less than 0.1 percent of total emissions are not shown. For detailed descriptions of sector and end use/activity definitions, see Navigating the Numbers: Greenhouse Gas Data and International Climate Policy (WRI, 2005).

US GHG Emissions Flow Chart World Resources Institute

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ST. LOUIS’S CURRENT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN IS NOT ENOUGH

St. Louis Emissions Reduction Plan

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Climate Action & Adaptation Plan for the City of St. Louis - Climate Hazards Identification

Extreme Hot Days / Heat Waves The City is predicted to experience more days over 90 and 100 degrees Fahrenheit and longer lasting/hotter heat waves.

Extreme Winter Conditions / Cold Wave Overall winters are expected to be milder; however, cold snaps and cold waves will occur.

Vector-borne Disease Warmer temperatures globally will increase the geographic range and season length for disease carrying insects.

Insect Infestation Temperatures affect insect reproduction and mortality. Warmer temperatures can lead to increased insect populations and migration.

Rainstorm Heavy rainfall events are predicted to increase in frequency. The Spring season will see the greatest increase.

River flood The City’s proximity to the confluence of the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers increase the City’s vulnerabilities to river flooding during rain events.

Flash / Surface Flood Increased heavy precipitation will lead to more frequent flash flooding and surface flooding caused by stormwater runoff and sewer overflows.

Hail / Heavy Snow Changing weather patterns and cold snaps will result in hail and heavy snow events.

Waterborne Disease Severe precipitation events can lead to outbreaks of waterborne diseases.

Drought Short-term droughts are projected to increase with hotter temperatures evaporating moisture from soil & plants.

Tornado / Severe Wind Strong storms are more likely with increased warming, which could increase the frequency of tornadoes due to the temperature patterns associated with climate change.

Earthquake The City of St. Louis is located near the New Madrid Seismic Zone. Although earthquakes are not directly related to climate change they create a great risk for the City.

Lightning / Thunderstorm More intense thunderstorms and lightning events may increase with global warming.

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“More coal is consumed for electricity generation in Missouri than in all but one other state—Texas” -EIA U.S. Energy Information Administration

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Due to heavy rain fall and rising temperatures agricultural productivity in 2050 will reach its lowest level since 1980

81°

projected 2050 avg summer temperature

76°

historical avg summer temperature

If only they switched to metal straws earlier

2050

agricultural productivity

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LEED ISNT EVEN THAT GREEN “For example, you can score almost as many points by installing a bike rack as you can by preserving an entire historic building” -Steve Mouzon Author, Archdaily

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+2 or more points

Weil Hall KieranTimberlake

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Thank you for being patient, the website is now up and running. Please contact us if you see any issues: http://www.usgbc.org/contact

LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations (v4.1) POSSIBLE: 1 Credit

Integrative Process

LOCATION & TRANSPORTATION

1

REQUIRED

Prereq

Construction and Demolition Waste Management Planning

REQUIRED

POSSIBLE: 16

Credit

Building Life-Cycle Impact Reduction

5

16

Credit

Building Product Disclosure and Optimization - Environmental Product Declarations

2

Credit

Building Product Disclosure and Optimization - Sourcing of Raw Materials

2

Credit

Building Product Disclosure and Optimization - Material Ingredients

2

Credit

Construction and Demolition Waste Management

2

LEED for Neighborhood Development Location

Credit

Sensitive Land Protection

1

Credit

High Priority Site and Equitable Development

2

Credit

Surrounding Density and Diverse Uses

5

Credit

Access to Quality Transit

5

Credit

Bicycle Facilities

1

Credit

Reduced Parking Footprint

1

Credit

Electric Vehicles

1

POSSIBLE: 17

Credit

Construction Activity Pollution Prevention

0

Credit

Site Assessment

1

Credit

Protect or Restore Habitat

2

Credit

Open Space

1

Credit

Rainwater Management

3

Credit

Heat Island Reduction

2

Credit

Light Pollution Reduction

1

WATER EFFICIENCY

POSSIBLE: 18

Storage and Collection of Recyclables

Credit

SUSTAINABLE SITES

MATERIAL & RESOURCES Prereq

POSSIBLE: 13

Credit

Outdoor Water Use Reduction

0

Credit

Indoor Water Use Reduction

0

Credit

Building-Level Water Metering

0

Credit

Outdoor Water Use Reduction

2

Credit

Indoor Water Use Reduction

6

Credit

Cooling Tower and Process Water Use

2

Credit

Water Metering

1

INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

POSSIBLE: 21

Credit

Minimum IAQ Performance

Credit

Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control

0 0

Credit

Enhanced IAQ Strategies

2

Credit

Low-Emitting Materials

3

Credit

Construction IAQ Management Plan

1

Credit

IAQ Assessment

2

Credit

Thermal Comfort

1

Credit

Interior Lighting

2 3

Credit

Daylight

Credit

Quality Views

1

Credit

Acoustic Performance

1

INNOVATION

POSSIBLE: 7

Credit

Innovation

5

Credit

LEED Accredited Professional

1

REGIONAL PRIORITY Credit

POSSIBLE: 8

Regional Priority

4

TOTAL ENERGY & ATMOSPHERE Credit

Fundamental Commissioning and Verification

0

Credit

Minimum Energy Performance

0

Credit

Building-Level Energy Metering

0

Credit

Fundamental Refrigerant Management

Credit

Optimize Energy Performance

Credit

Enhanced Commissioning

6

Credit

Advanced Energy Metering

1

Credit

Renewable Energy

5

Credit

Enhanced Refrigerant Management

1

Credit

Grid Harmonization

2

LEED Scorecard U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)

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110

POSSIBLE: 38

0 18

40-49 Points CERTIFIED

50-59 Points SILVER

60-79 Points GOLD

80+ Points PLATINUM

St. Louis Art Museum Expansion David Chipperfield

+1 point Requirements: For commercial or institutional buildings, provide secure bicycle racks and/or storage (within 200 yards of a building entrance) for 5% or more of all building users (measured at peak periods)

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Program Precedents

Passive House Passive House is a building standard that is truly energy efficient, comfortable and affordable at the same time. Passive House is not a brand name, but a tried and true construction concept that can be applied by anyone, anywhere. https://passivehouse.com/index.html Passive House by Karawitz Architecture MM House by Oliver Hernaiz Architecture Lab (OHLAB), in Mallorca, Spain

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Passive House requirements - Passive House Institute

1. The Space Heating Energy Demand is not to exceed 15 kWh per square meter of net living space (treated floor area) per year or 10 W per square meter peak demand.In climates where active cooling is needed, the Space Cooling Energy Demand requirement roughly matches the heat demand requirements above, with an additional allowance for dehumidification.

2. The Renewable Renewable Primary Energy Demand (PER, according to PHI method), the total energy to be used for all domestic applications (heating, hot water and domestic electricity) must not exceed 60 kWh per square meter of treated floor area per year for Passive House Classic.

3. In terms of Airtightness, a maximum of 0.6 air changes per hour at 50 Pascals pressure (ACH50), as verified with an onsite pressure test (in both pressurized and depressurized states).

4. Thermal comfort must be met for all living areas during winter as well as in summer, with not more than 10 % of the hours in a given year over 25 °C. For a complete overview of general quality requirements (soft criteria) see Passipedia.

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THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS A SUSTAINABLE BUILDING

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CONCRETE

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STEEL

GLASS

WOOD

POLYCARBONATE

RECYCLED MATERIALS

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INDIVIDUAL ACTS HAVE GLOBAL IMPACTS

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INDIVIDUAL

COMMUNITY

POPULATION

NATIONWIDE

GLOBAL 39

“FACT: If everyone in the world lived the way people do in the U.S., it would take five Earths to provide enough resources for everyone�

-Daniel Berger MSNBC

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38 million plastic bottles go to landfill each year in America alone

80% of plastic bottles never get recycled

Every day approximately 8 million pieces of plastic pollution find their way into our oceans

Life After “Disposal�

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Life Style- the way in which an individual or a group of people choose to live People in the United states contribute more to the climate issues that any other countries people. This is because of the lifestyle choice that we as a society have made over time to get to this point. We drive everywhere, our homes consume energy, our activities and foods we eat further contribute to the problem. Even though there are 300 million Americans each person individually has some sort of impact on the plant.

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The 5 R’s

In order to live sustainably with the least amount of impact on the earth it is crucial to live by the 5R’s. Most people are aware of Reduce, Reuse, Recycle but the addition of Refuse and Rot help in reducing overall impact.

Refuse what you do not need. Say no to things you are offered that you do not absolutely need, this eliminates potential waste from ever getting into your hands.

Reduce the things do you need. It is important to revisit what we really need to survive in comparison to what we think we need. When making purchases make sure you are buying things that will last longer extents of time.

Reuse the things you already own. A lot of the things that surround us we think of as disposable but can actually have a much longer life cycle.

Rot whatever cant be recycled. Composting is a great way to reduce greenhouse gasses as well reusing materials that would typically end up in a landfill.

Recycle the rest, although our current recycling system is in a state of disrepair and most recycling that is happening is downcycling it is still important to try. Hopefully if the four previous R’s are done correctly there will be nothing left to recycle.

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REFUSE REDUCE REUSE ROT RECYCLE

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How to Reduce Carbon Footprint

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“I think tradition and culture you know are nice and should be in magazines and in coffee table books, they shouldn’t be in our way of evolution and they are. Tradition and Culture are two of our biggest enemies in my opinion. They stop us from evolving. We aren’t evolving fast enough, roaches and bacteria they are evolving very fast you know. The movement that we need to make on this planet in my opinion is not going fast enough if we are trying to be palatable, but then again you have to be palatable or people are not gonna do it.”

-Michael Reynolds Creator of Earthships: passive solar houses

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How can architecture contribute and advocate for a shift to a new climate conscious lifestyle?

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PROGRAM In order to assist people in making a lifestyle change a space that fosters the formation of new habits, capabilities to educate its habitants, and has a impact that extends past the extents of the site. A living and learning community where people become immersed in this new lifestyle would allow people to become educated and form new habits.

The program is centered around the 5R’s, multiple programmatic elements within these categories allows for members of the community and surrounding neighborhoods to actively participate in this cycle. Creating a program revolving around this cycle allows the site to be self-sufficient and practice what it is teaching. Programmatic elements should not only serve the members of the community but have the ability for use from outside members. This is how more people will become influenced by the practices on site.

This living and learning community has multiple different programs that have different durations of time you would need to spend on site. Drop ins are available for people who want to stop in and take classes. Classes would be hosted in classrooms or in specific spaces like the composting station or community garden. In addition to individual classes a 5 day program will allow people to get and in depth look at the 5R’s. The people participating in the 5 day program will have the opportunity to co live with people who are permanent residents or the people participating in the 2 month program. During the 2 month program participants will living in the community just long enough to form the habits preformed on site. Co living being at the heart of the program allows for people to learn from one another but also teaches people to work together forming a true community of sustainable people.

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“This will require retraining urban planners to do more than build roads and buildings, but to develop policies and programs that motivate residents to take aggressive climate action in the short term,�

-Christopher Jones Co-author of The journal of Environmental Science & Technology,

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How can Architecture contribute and advocate for a shift to a new climate conscious lifestyle?

Educate people on how to transition to a climate conscious lifestyle Provide a space fosters the formation of new habits Impact the people on site as well as the surrounding community

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Program Proposal

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Communal Living Residents and visitors will have the space to stay temporarily or live in permanently. In order to conserve resources it is important that the living conditions are communal.

Classrooms Spaces dedicated to education the people of the community are necessary for spreading the word of sustainable living.

Social Space Due to the nature of communal living it is important to provide spaces for residents to gather outside of their living quarters.

Communal Kitchen A space for the preparation and serving of food where residents can work together as well as work alongside potential members from the community.

Welcome Center The site will have frequent visitors, this space will act as a meeting point or starting point. Visitors or first time commers will be provided any information they may need in this space.

Bike Repair Shop In order to assist people with the transition from a car centric life to a lifestyle of green mobility it is important to provide resources to make this reasonable. This will also serve as a driver to pull people from the community into the site.

Thrift Shop This space will allow people to actively participate in the Reuse process of the 5 R’s. This space will also serve as a driver to pull people from the community into the site.

Compost Station One of the 5 R’s is Rot. providing a space for this will not only complete the cycle but allow people to learn directly from participating inn the process Event Space A gathering space that serves not only the habitants of the site but also have the potential to bring in large groups. During event space will send a impact out into the community.

Community Garden In order to be self sufficient it is necessary that the site produce food that can support its habitants. This provides the opportunity to people to get a hands on learning experience.

Living and Learning COMMUNAL LIVING CLASSROOMS SOCIAL SPACE COMMUNAL KITCHEN WELCOME CENTER BIKE REPAIR SHOP THRIFT SHOP COMPOST STATION EVENT SPACE COMMUNITY GARDEN

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Program Precedents

Arcosanti Location: Arizona Architect: Paolo Soleri Year Built: 1970-today (only 5% constructed) Arcosanti is an architectural site and urban laboratory where the residents are part of a 24/7 living experiment Housing - single rooms with shared baths, guest rooms, dorm rooms, camping Events Spaces - amphitheater, vaults, classroom, music center Amenities lab kitchen space, canyon-side swimming pool, foundry, bronze bells shop, cafe, dining hall Programming- philosophical discussions, parties, workshops, tours, music festivals

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Program Precedents

ReGen Villages Site: Almere, The Netherlands Architect: EFFEKT https://www.effekt.dk/regenvillages ReGen Villages is a visionary and regenerative model for engineering and facilitating the development of off-grid, integrated and resilient neighborhoods that power and feed self-reliant families around the world. ReGen is all about applied technology. We are simply applying already existing technologies into an integrated community design, providing clean energy, water and food right off your doorstep. With the integration of innovative technologies, ReGen holds a serious potential in changing some of our global environmental challenges. ReGen is about creating a better model for a sustainable future. A model that adds not only environmental and financial value, but also social value by creating the framework for empowering families and developing a sense of community, reconnecting people with nature and consumption with production.

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Program Precedents

Imperfect Foods Mission: eliminate food waste and build a better food system for everyone https://www.imperfectfoods.com/ Billions of pounds of food go to waste every year, often just because they don’t look the way that big retail stores want them to. Instead of ending up on your dinner plate, this food is often left in the field, stranded in a warehouse, sent to become animal feed, or sold at a significant loss to become processed food. We think that’s crazy, and we’ve built a network of over 200 farmers and producers who agree. We buy their unloved food and deliver it in boxes to your home, so you get a great deal on fresh produce and groceries, and they’re rewarded for their full harvest and production–not just for the pretty stuff.

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Dancing Rabbit EcoVillage Site: Baring, Missouri https://www.dancingrabbit.org/about-dancing-rabbit-ecovillage/ To create a society, the size of a small town or village, made up of individuals and communities of various sizes and social structures, which allows and encourages its members to live sustainably.* To encourage this sustainable society to grow to have the size and recognition necessary to have an influence on the global community by example, education, and research. *Sustainably: In such a manner that, within the defined area, no resources are consumed faster than their natural replenishment, and the enclosed system can continue indefinitely without degradation of its internal resource base or the standard of living of the people and the rest of the ecosystem within it, and without contributing to the non-sustainability of ecosystems outside.

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Programmatic Connection to the Community

COMMUNAL LIVING CLASSROOMS SOCIAL SPACE COMMUNAL KITCHEN WELCOME CENTER BIKE REPAIR SHOP THRIFT SHOP COMPOST STATION EVENT SPACE COMMUNITY GARDEN

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Program Durations

5 DAYS

5 R’s Intensive

2 MONTHS

Habit Creator

DROP IN

PERMANENT RESIDENT

For people who are not yet ready to fully commit to a sustainable lifestyle but are interested in learning more information on how to live sustainably.

It takes two months to form a habit, people have the opportunity to live on site and fully immerse themselves in a sustainable lifestyle.

Community Connector On site community members will be able to attend events and classes provided on site. This serves as a way to educate community members that have chosen not to become residents.

Lifestyle People who chose to commit fully to the sustainable lifestyle will have the opportunity to live on site amongst temporary residents.

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Adjacencies and Community Connection

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Sustainable arrangement Module vs. Massing

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Atelier Ten Sustainable Design GoalsMassing and orientation Building envelope Thermal comfort and conditioning systems Lighting design Equipment and plug loads Energy systems and Renewables Water systems Site and landscape design Materials Health and wellness Carbon emissions

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Sustainable Design Examples

Day lighting Natural day lighting a space can reduce need for artificial light that uses electricity to produce.

Solar Heating Utilize the sun as much as possible in cold temperatures to reduce energy needed to heat a space, instead the space will be passively heated.

Sun Shading In warmer months it is important to reduce the amount of direct sunlight from entering the space creating more heat, which results in using more energy to cool

Natural Ventilation Allows for cooling of space without the use of mechanical systems

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Serves 30 people

HOUSING UNITS Square Footage: 68 sqft 39 sqft

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ESTIMATED SQ FT: 2,274 sqft

Serves 30 people

COMMUNITY GARDEN Square Footage: 200 sqft

ESTIMATED SQ FT: 6,000 sqft

Modeled after: Today’s Homeowner Right Size Garden

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Serves 30 people

COMMUNITY KITCHEN Square Footage: 300 sqft

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ESTIMATED SQ FT: 900 sqft

CLASSROOM Square Footage: 550 sqft

ESTIMATED SQ FT: 1,100 sqft

Modeled after: NYU Classroom Standardization

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BIKE REPAIR SHOP Square Footage: 930 sqft

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ESTIMATED SQ FT: 1,000 sqft

THRIFT STORE Square Footage: 1,749 sqft

ESTIMATED SQ FT: 1,000 sqft

Modeled after: Avalon Thrift Store

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IN-VESSEL

VERMICOMPOSTING

AERATED WINDROW 72

COMPOSTING TYPES Square Footage: 6 - 2,100 sqft

ESTIMATED SQ FT: 4,200 sqft

Modeled after: ScienceDirect Vermicomposting

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PLACE Suburbia is a huge contributor to Climate change due to the number of people who have participated in suburban sprawl and the lifestyle in which the people in these homes participate in. The choice to located the site in the St Louis Galleria area was due to its proximity to a large suburban population. This area is not only lacking green resources such as access to composting and recycling but it located in a commercial area that as well as the residential area is a huge contributor. Accessibility and Visibility are also key aspects in increasing impact. The St Louis Galleria area is located at an intersection of two major highways. This allows for people to easily access the site, and for people just passing by to see the site.

Together all of these elements create a perfect breeding ground for a community that is centered around a sustainable lifestyle. The programs location in this area juxtaposes its surroundings further drawing more attention to the project.

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“Numbers really matter for building power in ways that can really pose a serious challenge or threat to entrenched authorities or occupations,�

-Erica Chenoweth Political Scientist at Harvard University

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Heating and Cooling The process of heating the home during winter months and cooling the home during summer months is the greatest contributor to household emissions. Home owners have the choice of what temperature to set their homes to.

Transportation The travel it takes to get to places of service and places that have resources like food, banking, and health care. The emissions increase depending on your homes proximity to these resources. Homeowners have the option to chose the location of their home.

Lighting The emissions produced for electricity is the highest in Missouri out of every state other than Texas. Homeowners have the choice how often to use this resource

Direct Emissions- emissions that are owned or controlled directly by reporting entity Indirect Emissions- emissions that are the result of activities preformed by the reporting entity when resources are controlled by another entity.

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SUBURBAN SPRAWL IS KILLING OUR ENVIRONMENT

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population 1,250,000 1,000,000

St. Louis County

750,000 500,000 St. Louis City

250,000 1900

1910

1920

1630

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1996

2000

2010 2016

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Site Criteria

SUBURBAN CONTEXT

NEAR POPULATION

ACCESSIBLE 82

VISIBLE

NEAR CONTRIBUTORS

LACK OF GREEN RESOURCES 83

84

85

Site Options

86

87

88

89

Selected Site

ST. LOUIS GALLERIA

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UNIVERSITY TOWER

HIGHHWAY 64 AND 170

University Tower

170 St Louis Galleria

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SITE PLAN Scale: NTS

ESTIMATED SQ FT: 1,100 sqft

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92

93

94

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Programmatic Size Comparison

Living Growing Thrift Shop Bike Shop Cooking Classrooms Compost Station

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Sustainability Requirements

97

98

POSSIBILITIES

99

Design Criteria

SUBURBAN CONTEXT

MINIMAL IMPACT

INTEGRATION

VISIBLE

APPROACHABILITY

100

HANDS OFF THE EARTH

101

NOT IN MY BACKYARD

102

NO MORE IMPACT

103

ADAPTIVE REUSE

104

BUILDING AS A SIGN

105

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Web Sources 2012, Written by AZoMDec 11. “Polycarbonate (PC) (C15H16O2) Plastic Recycling.” AZoM.com, 11 June 2013, www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=7963.

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