Graduation book

17

STUDENT BOOK

Self-sufficient complex

BOTANIC

COMPLEX The New RETAILING way

IF YOU DON’T WANT TO BE PART OF THE REAL HUNGER GAME READ THIS !

YEAR

IF YOU DON’T WANT TO BE PART OF THE REAL HUNGER GAME READ THIS !

Hajer.M.Taha 201210423 Junior Architect

Studied at Ajman University of Science And Technology

Dr.Bouzid Boudiaf

Graduate from (E.P.A.U.) M.D in Urban design Ph.D in architectural Design

Ajman University of Science And Technology

“A tree is pleasant to the sight and good for food� francis Bacon

BOTANICAL COMPLEX SELF -SUFFICIENT COMPLEX

REVIVING THE AWARENESS OF FOOD REDUCTION INSTITUTION

A Dissertation Submitted to the Department of Architectural Engineering at Ajman University of Science & Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of science in Architectural Engineering

Hajer.M.Taha 2016-2017

Ajman University Faculty of Engineering Department of Architectural Engineering Graduation Thesis

ACKNOWLEDGMENT This thesis reflects not just my capabilities but the collective motivation and effort of some of the best individuals i have known .

At first my deepest gratitude goes to my graduation thesis supervisor Dr.Bouzid Boudiaf who has given me the necessary devotions to finish this book . i thank you for giving me the enough knowledge to think deeply of this thesis as it’s not an easy challenge and for motivating me to complete what I’ve start .

I would also thank Mrs. neveen our class assistant for assisting me when facing problems through the development of my graduation book .

However i would like to thank Dr.Gisela Loehlein for giving me a hint of how to start thinking of this thesis through Hot Climate classes .

Last but not least my sincerest gratitude goes to my family for their patience , unconditional love and support all through the good and the rough patches i passed through during my educational process till reaching this point .

My university colleges who supported me through the hard times .

Thank You all who contributed and helped me made this thesis possible .

Regards

Hajer Mohannad

“Agriculture is the backbone of our nations” Author

1 2 4 INDEX

INTRODUCTION

16-17

Public Awareness-

18-19

World Food Problem-

20

Project type-

21-25 26-29

History of Botanic GardensProject summeryReferences-

30

12

SITE SELECTION

107-110

1 Country selection 2

111

Site selection

112-113

Ajman vision of 2030

114-115

Alternative sites

116-121

Conclusion

122

References

3 4 5 6

INTRODUCTION

31-57

1 GARDENS BY THE BAY 2

58-75 California Academy of Science 3 76-85 Ecorium of national ecological 86-87 88

4

casestudies summery

5

References

3 5

BUILDING PROGRAM

1

89-93

Annual visitors calculations

94-97

Programs comparison

98-99

Program development

100-102

Architects Data & Standards

103-105

Final program

106

References

2 3 4 5 6

13

CONCLUSION

123-127

1 Botanic Architectural Approaches

128-129

Botanic complex concept

130-136

Chapters Summery

2 3

INDEX OF FIGURES

CHAPTER ONE Figure 1.1.table of nonrenewable resources (Author) Figure 1.2.Model of Agricultural Cycle (Author) Figure 1.3.Botanic Garden timeline (Author) Figure 1.4.Suffiecint Eco-village (network)

CHAPTER TWO

Figure 2.30.The garden by the bay program by percentages(network) Figure 2.31.The garden by the bay program(network) Figure 2.32.California Academy (network) Figure 2.33.California Academy site (network) Figure 2.34.California Academy users (network) Figure 2.35.California Academy site circulations (network)v Figure 2.36.Harmony with landscape fabric(network) Figure 2.37.home to different plantations(network) Figure 2.38.home to different species(network)

Figure 2.1.Garden by the bay (network)

Figure 2.39.The process of purifying the water(network)

Figure 2.2.singapore weather data(network)

Figure 2.40.cross-section shows the ventilation process(network) Figure 2.41.lighting(network) Figure 2.42.lighting of the spaces(network)

Figure 2.3.Garden by the bay surroundings(Auther-network) Figure 2.4.surroundings density(Auther) Figure 2.5.Figure3:The significant increases of surrounded buildings occupiers,(network) Figure 2.6.wind flow concept(network) Figure 2.7.Section through the bay landscape(network)

Figure 2.43.the large green roof windows(network) Figure 2.44.section through the Academy solar panels(network) Figure 2.45.photovoltics panels(network)

Figure 2.46.photovoltics panels above the piazza(network) Figure 2.8.Green landscape of the bay garden(network) Figure 2.47.the academy rainforest(network) Figure 2.11.the garden land uses(Auther) Figure 2.9.the bay garden water body(network) Figure 2.48.African hall(network) Figure 2.11.the garden land uses(Auther) Figure 2.10.the garden circulation (exploded view)(network) Figure 2.49.The swamp(network) Figure 2.11.the garden land uses(Author)

Figure 2.50.The Piazza(network)

Figure 2.13.the garden sub-gardens(network)

Figure 2.51.Exhibition area(network) Figure 2.52.Cross-ventilation (network) Figure 2.53.Academy plan (network) Figure 2.54.Academy program in percentage (network) Figure 2.55.Academy program (network) Figure 2.56.Ecorium surroundings (network) Figure 2.57.the site builtup area VS the buffer zone (network) Figure 2.60.the surrounded activities(network) Figure 2.59.the Ecorium Biome structure (network) Figure 2.61.the Ecorium program in percentage(network)

Figure 2.14.Supertree way of working(network) Figure 2.15.Recycling waste(network) Figure 2.16.Recycling water(network) Figure 2.17.Hight and location of the supertrees(network) Figure 2.18.sketch of the view from Singapore airport(network) Figure 2.19.The highest supertree holds the restaurant(network) Figure 2.20.The Garden conservatories(network) Figure 2.21.vistors of the garden(network) Figure 2.22.Conservitories Structure(network) Figure 2.23.Building material(network)

Figure 2.62.the Ecorium program (network)

Figure 2.24.site sustainability(network) Figure 2.25.Distrbution of the loads(network)

CHAPTER THREE

Figure 2.26.internal air movement(network) Figure 2.27.conservitories hights(network) Figure 2.28.cross-section of the conservatories(network) Figure 2.29.Internal shade and shadow(network)

Figure 3.1.The three cases comparison (network) Figure 3.2.Program development (network) Figure 3.3.The three cases program in percentage(network) Figure 3.4.Proccess of developing the program(network)

CHAPTER FOUR Figure 4.1.Tourist in each city(network) Figure 4.2.Site selection criteria(network) Figure 4.3.The residential -tourism areas(network) Figure 4.4.Eco-tourism areas(network) Figure 4.5.The alternative sites(network) Figure 4.6.Alternative site one Al-Zawra(network) Figure 4.7.Alzawra site analysis(network) Figure 4.8.Alzahia site analysis(network) Figure 4.9.Alzahia site alternative two(network) Figure 4.10.AlTallah site analysis(network) Figure 4.11.AlTallah site alternative three(network)

INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER ONE

16ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE

CHAPTER ONE

The introduction discuss a several facts That can be found around us that will lead To the type of the project.

CHAPTER ONE ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

17

INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE

The following terms should be known to start this chapter : Public awareness – The extent of common knowledge about disaster risks, the factors that lead to disasters and the actions that can be taken, individually and collectively, to reduce exposure and vulnerability to hazards.(1) Risk – The probability of an event and its negative consequences.(1) Disaster – A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts that exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.(1)

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18ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

public awareness was one of the latest aims of most of the projects to make the public Aware of the running off resources that they use massively , and continuously to achieve the following: 1.Save the remaining resources- by resources usage reduction.

2.Helth and comfort of the coming generations.

3.Public Comfort-the whole world will benefit from resources consumption in away that will be enough for all .

4.Enviromental Benefits-public awareness is one of the ways to save environment from hazards .

INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE

OIL

75% 14 years

more than the half population of the world are aware of oil reduction

COAL

RUNNING OUT RSOURCES (remaning years )

60% 133 years

more than the half population of the world are aware of coal reduction

NATURAL GAS

50% 60 years

the half population of the world are aware of gas reduction

GOLD

30% 17 years IRON

78 years COPPER

25 years

FOOD

33 years

less than the half of the world population are aware of gold reduction

25% less than the half of the world population are aware of iron reduction

8% very few people area aware of copper Reduction .

2% one of 20 is aware of food reduction even though we eat every day same food same amount of food !

“A nonrenewable resource is a resource of economic value that cannot be readily replaced by natural means on a level equal to its consumption.”(2) The following table shows the different resources that is running out of our hands some of them schools and advertisements taught us about them some been applied to a lot of architectural projects such as oil reduction , natural gas and replace it with plants waste ,yet people still use them in a massive way , people are still use their cars , still use the artificial lights, still ruining a lot of factories , people know about them but not applying them to their daily life because the public are afraid of sustainability , because a sustainable life needs a hard worker which means people should experience one of these resources not only know about them and witness them to be part of it and get use to it to be an easy task .

Almost 2% of the world’s population are aware of food reduction yet the rest still didn’t know about it studies shows that in year 2050 their will be no enough food and almost 30 % of population will die due to lack of food (world food problem ) so what are the reasons behind food reduction and what are the Solutions to survive those coming days and save some to our coming generations .

Figure 1.1.table of nonrenewable resources (Author)

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19

INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE

WORLD FOOD PROBLEM

Billions of people are unaware of the massive hunger destruction and its risks as it will be massive and destructive at the same time ,on both poor and rich people .

People should know that the reason behind food reduction is anything but “Nature” actually research shows that nations skewness of agricultural polices are the main reason behind this disaster ,which will cause environmental and economical systems risks . the lack of agriculture will cause decrees of meat as it’s the main source for livestock , Biofuels reduction , increase of toxic gases , lack of green lands , lack of framing , no more food production, which will cause in the end hunger risks. That means agriculture is the main and only solution for food reduction risks .With the consumption of 38% of ice-free land all the previous risks can be emitted thus creating a clean, healthy , comfortable life .

YEAR OF 2050 By the year 250 the worlds population will likely increases by 35% to feed that population the crop production will need to be doubled ,starting from year 2017 all ice-free lands should be run to produce food to feed 2050 population .

FARMING IS THE

LARGEST HUMAN ENDEAVOR ON EARTH

USING 38% MORE THAN

OF ICE-FREE LAND

BUT ONLY 55%

36%

OF THE WORLD’S CROP CALORIES FEED PEOPLE DIRECTLY

FEED

LIVESTOCK

FEED

BIOFUELS

8% & INDUSTRY Figure 1.2.Model of Agricultural Cycle (Author)

CHAPTER ONE

20ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE

HEALTHY LIFE

MEANS THAT

IN 2050

TO FEED THAT POPULA-

TION

THE WORLD’S POPULATION WILL LIKELY INCREASES BY

NEED

35%

WE DON’T NECESSARILY WE

AND

AN

CROP PRODUCTION

WILL NEED TO BE DOU-

MORE

TO THINK ABOUT

PRIORATIES

ESTIMAT-

25%

WORLD’S

OF THE FOOD CALORIES ARE LOST OR WATED

AGRICULTURAL CYCLIC OF FOOD PRODUCTION

BIODIVERSITY

CHAPTER ONE ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

21

INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE

PROJECT TYPE

AGRICULTURE FOOD PRODUCTION PUBLIC AWARNESS BOTANIC GARDEN

Behind all what we’ve discussed previously about public awareness and world food problem what’s common between these two topics is that the agriculture is the only tangible resource that the public can be aware of and witness it and be part of it , not only part of the consumption results such in case of oil ,coal and natural gas where people feel their prices only but not it’s quantity .

The challenge here is to create a project where it will house the both agriculture and public awareness at the same time where the public will work to rises food production , such a project has been existed for centuries but not achieving the same previous aims this project has been known for centuries as “Botan-

ic Garden” A Botanic Garden may be defined as-” institutions holding documented collections of living plants for the purposes of scientific research, conservation, display and education.”(3)

But history has another different definitions of botanical gardens even with different roles and different purposes ,so going through history of botanic gardens is the key to create the real Botanic Garden that will achieve our futuristic needs .

CHAPTER ONE

22ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE

HISTORY OF BOTANIC GARDEN

History of gardens began since the human birth from Adam and Eve tree even in the holy books gardens have been mentions through the descriptions of paradise and heaven .physically Gardens and the cultivation of plants have been around for thousands of years with the first examples dating to around 3000 years ago in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia where botanical gardens were used for feeding these big old nations . The Romans were also keen gardeners and they were also aware of the medicinal properties of plants. They also used the beauty of plants and flowers as a celebration of god. None of the gardens mentioned so far can be regarded as “botanic gardens” but was the main structure of botanic gardens . the world’s first botanic gardens were the physic gardens of Italy in the 16th and 17th centuries. These physic gardens were purely for the academic study of medicinal plants. By the 16th Century these medicinal gardens had spread to universities and apothecaries throughout central Europe such as Cologne and Prague. The University of Oxford botanic garden was the first garden established in the United Kingdom in 1621 with a mission to promote learning and the glory of god.Botanic gardens then experienced a change in

Usage during the 16th and 17th century were the age of exploration and the beginnings of international trade.

Gardens such as the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Not only did these gardens promote and encourage botanical exploration in the tropics they also helped found new gardens in the tropical regions to help cultivate these newly discovered plant species.

These tropical gardens were created almost solely to receive and cultivate commercial crops such as cloves, tea, coffee, breadfruit, cinchona, palm oil as well as chocolate. During the 19th and 20th century municipal and civic gardens were created throughout Europe and the British Commonwealth.

Nearly all of these gardens were mainly pleasure gardens with very few of them having any scientific programmers. In the last 30 years botanic gardens have seen a revival as scientific institutions due to the emergence of the conservation movement. Still botanical gardens work as scientific institutions where people learn and watch plants .

Nowadays a lot of projects been made to imitate botanical gardens but in a different meaning such as the futuristic Eco-village but not under the name of botanic gardens due to the lack of learning and scientific purposes.

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23

INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE

BOTANIC GARDEN TIMELINE

3000 years ago Where gardens were used for agricultural purposes ,Can be seen through the Ancient civilizations when the Roman were the keen gardeners.

Royal botanic garden,kew This was the age of exploration and the beginning of international trade.

The University of Oxford Botanic Garden In this era the botanical gardens were puerly for the academic studies of midicinal plants and to show the glor of god .

Figure 1.3.Botanic Garden timeline (Author)

CHAPTER ONE

24ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

The Real JardĂ­n BotĂĄnico de Madrid In this era tropical Gardens were created almost solely to receive and cultivate commercial crops

INTRODUCTION

BOTANIC GARDEN TIMELINE

Ecorium of the National Ecological Institute botanical gardens extended to be a huge part of knowledge and research center.

(Missouri Botanic Garden) during this era botanical gardens made just for ple asure purposes but open to the public .

such as cloves , tea,coffee , breadfruit cinchona , palm oil as well as chocolate

Gardens by the bay in this era botanical gardens took a step back to be a learning and pleasure institutions .

CHAPTER ONE ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

25

INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE

SUFFICIENT ECO-VILLAGE

Eco-village can be considered as the futuristic type of botanical garden even though it has not been designed to form a botanic gardens .

“Food production is the single largest emitter of greenhouse gases, the biggest driver of deforestation and responsible for 70 percent of our global freshwater consumption. We ship our food from one end of the world to another just to waste 30 percent of the total production before consumption and still 1/7 of the global population goes to bed hungry “ (4) ECO-VILLAGE is one of the futuristic communities to be built in Netherlands it’s a sustainable, closed-loop communities supported by technology where nearly everything the residents need, from food to power, is provided within and by the community. the Eco-village decision has been made due to the increases of land prices, 2050 population and the effect of the increased greenhouses on the ecosystem .

“Urban dwellers across the world work hard to pay the commodities of their homes, such as mortgage, energy, water and heating, cooling and food,” “We envision homes that work for you, producing clean energy, water, food [off] the grid at affordable land prices outside our big cities.” Said Lynge.(4)

CHAPTER ONE

26ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE

CHAPTER ONE ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

27

Figure 1.4.Suffiecint Eco-village (network)

INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE

FARM CHAPTER ONE

28ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

FOOD Botanic complex is a place where botanic garden hence other activities .

In another word is a place where botanic gardens will work as an Agricultural scientific public institution . where the public will work by their own to provide their needs of food ,while Unconsciously will learn about plants .

INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE

PROJECT SUMMERY

The project focuses on making entertainment and knowledge meet ,yet attract the attention of tourists . due to the main project aim (Public awareness of food reduction through entertainment and learning agriculture )the higher percentage of users will be mostly for families following it scientists which will study the various types of plants and publish these researches to the public.

IMPACT OF THE PROJECT

-PERSONAL IMPACT .Science learning .Achieve the awareness of the individuality .Live selfsuffcient .Entertainment of nature .Learn to farm -ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT .Green sustainable Environment.

-ECONOMICAL IMPACT .Less money spent on transportations when all products are provided .Income is into and from visitors .More chances for laboring .More food less money -GLOBAL IMPACT .Global awareness .The project will form a Global learning station. .Eco-tourism(higher tourists population)

CHAPTER ONE

30ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

AIMS

OF THE PROJECT

-Create global impact -(Farm Food)revolution -Public awareness -Enjoy and learn nature -Allow for the public to access science.

-To enhance the impact of farming food on the: .Individual .Society .Economy .World sustainability .Global knowledge

USERS OF THE PROJECT

30% Scientist

10% Students

40% Family

20% Tourists

INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE

The project will achieve three ways of Awareness:

1.By observing : A huge farming space where farming and food production is done.

2.By reading: books and research documentation is one of the ways to spread awareness 3.By practicing: Agricultural workshops will allow the public to learn how to practice agriculture , however the freedom of the public to collect their needs of crops from the farm market .

TYPES OF USERS OF THE PROJECT

-Biog-scientists( scientists who study plants -Environmental scientists -Pharmacists ( whom will study drugs and use scientists researches to create a cure ) -Students ( school students , university students , workshops students ) -Family ( adults-children , old- young man - women ) -Tourists ( as it will achieve globality )

OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

-Design a botanical educational facility that will allows people to : .Take part in farming .Learn through these activities .Interact with Agriculture -Provide retail shops that depend on the botanical part of the project.

-Design a research center to do the researches on the existed plants .

-Create an open non-private spaces where researches will be exchanged with the public .

-Improve public awareness toward food , and it’s impact on the future.

-Enhance food growth -Introduce an iconic landmark for the tourists -the public will work to rise food production.

CHAPTER ONE ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

31

INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE

R CHAPTER ONE

32ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

1.http://www.ifrc.org/Global/Publications/disasters/reducing_risks/302200-Public-awareness-DDR-guide-EN.pdf 2.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_resource 3.https://www.bgci.org/resources/history/ 4.http://www.treehugger.com/culture/housing-development-designed-be-fully-self-sufficient-energy-food-waste.html

EFERENCES

CASESTUDY

CASESTUDY

CHAPTER TWO

CHAPTER TWO CASE ONE-Gardens By The Bay

CASE TWO-California Academy of Science CASE THREE-Ecorium of national ecological institute SUMMERY- Urban recommendations Technical recommendations

A case study is essential step which will lead to further knowledge about a subject .

CHAPTER TWO ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

33

CASESTUDY CHAPTER TWO

Gardens by the bay Location Singapore Architects

Wilkinson Eyre Architects

Built up Area

20,000 sqm Total Area 59 ha

Project Year 2012 Building Type

cultural construction, landscape park

Landscape Area 90 hectare Total project Area

(the three gardens) 101 hectare

Reason behind choosing the case Garden by the bay forms a typical modern botanic garden that shows the usual botanic garden programing

CHAPTER TWO

34ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

Figure 2.1.Garden by the bay (network)

CASESTUDY

CHAPTER TWO

CHAPTER TWO ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

35

CASESTUDY CHAPTER TWO

INTRODUCTION TO THE GARDENS BY THE BAY

CHAPTER TWO

36ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

The Bay South Garden shape the distinctive qualities of Singapore’s Downtowns, its located in the heart of Singapore and is the first-of-its-kind tropical garden that brings together botany, horticulture,architecture,landscape design and engineering. It is uniquely Singapore in that it reflects their natural and cultural histories through plants. The project aimed instead of having garden in city change it to be city in garden and to achieve that, a large scale green urban project suggested ,however this vision seeks to attract people who do not normally go to gardens.

The bay garden is located where Singapore city center and where marina is , this marina bay was along time attraction that have been never used , to give a vocation for such projects moreover the existence of the large marina will prevent from having any other infrastructure allowing for conservatories to form a contemporary project . even though the project is in the heart of Singapore yet away from city congestion. in addition to that the bay garden location allows for other buildings tosee the bay gardens from the user place.

CASESTUDY

CHAPTER TWO

Design Stage the bay garden designed to achieve Optimal outdoor comfort in a tropical garden To address the heat, humidity and rain in Singapore’s tropical climate, which often limits visits to gardens in the early parts of the mornings and evenings, by implementing several strategies, review “figure 2.2 “ to know more about Singapore climate before talking about these strategies.

Figure 2.2.singapore weather data(network)

Figure 2.4.surroundings density (Auther) 2003

Figure 2.3.Garden by the bay surroundings(Auther-network)

2013 2008

Figure 2.5.Figure3:The significant increases of surrounded buildings occupiers,(network) CHAPTER TWO ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

37

CASESTUDY CHAPTER TWO

Humidity has been reduced by 15% which made a signsignificant different on site .due to wind movement utilization.

They studied wind movement which guided to garden topography thus decreases humidity , which in turn will increases the human comfort through the garden landscape thus increasing number of garden visitors and achieving the aim of attracting people whom not usually go to parks. the garden not only designed it’s to serve it’s own area but work in harmony with the surroundings and the other gardens as the wind movement will spread to all surrounded projects .

Figure 2.6.wind flow concept(network)

Figure 2.7.Section through the bay landscape(network)

CHAPTER TWO

38ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

CASESTUDY

an extensive vegetative cover was undertaken through the planting of mature trees, these trees did a lot of effort fixing Singapore’s garden weather.(the next pages will explain HOW !).as the green garden support the botanical garden

by Exhibiting a different themes of plantation,more than 200 spices of plants are expiated in here .

GREEN FABRIC

CHAPTER TWO

facilitating the existed water body to be used as aesthetic part yet part of garden irrigation system .however water body was essential for Aquatic plant which forms part of the plants exhibition.(the aquatic plants are the Singapore water type plantation.

WATER BODY

Figure 2.8.Green landscape of the bay garden(network)

Figure 2.9.the bay garden water body(network)

CHAPTER TWO ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

39

CASESTUDY CHAPTER TWO

Site Analysis

The huge urban scale project has a variate of entrances,four entrances and one main gate .

Reason behind crossing the position of the main gate among the others is the closeness to conservatories however as the water body is the dominated feature near the other main street lacked it to be there as a main gate .

As the site too huge it needs a lot of walkways that facilitate movement along the site and that’s what urban planer did ,the site green coverage further coated by a network of covered walkways starting from the parking through the colonnade in the Supertree Grove to canopied areas & visitor center.

10% of the site covered by parking area , one from the main gate the other one is in the end of the site each of these parking have basement parking , some could park using the visitor center parking .

Figure 2.10.the garden circulation (exploded view)(network) CHAPTER TWO

40ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

CASESTUDY

CHAPTER TWO

Figure 2.11.the garden land uses(Author) CHAPTER TWO ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

41

CASESTUDY CHAPTER TWO

Site Sub-Gardens(socail sustainbility) Previously mentioned that the bay garden achieved sustainability of (social , economical , environmental ) .Programmable spaces were incorporated in strategic locations, taking into account the type of events, performances and occasions. This ranged from the Meadows, an outdoor events lawn that can accommodate at least 20,000 people(figure21) to the Open spaces and the intimate corners in the Gardens for picnics and informal gatherings, in addition to the different food beverages all that located under the name of social sustainability. starting with the world of plants that comprises of six gardens :the Secret Life of Trees, World of Palms, Under story, Fruits and Flowers, Web of Life and Discovery , each of these gardens provided a window into the tropical rainforest of Singapore , highlighting key ecological components of the rainforest and the use of plants by man .The Heritage Garden comprises four gardens – Indian, Chinese, Malay and Colonial Gardens. These gardens bring to life their cultural heritage and colonial history, by interpreting the affinity between plants and cultural communities in Singapore.

Figure 2.12.the garden sustainability aspects(network)

Figure 2.13.the garden sub-gardens(network)

CHAPTER TWO

42ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

CASESTUDY

CHAPTER TWO

Env. & Eco. sustainability

Figure 2.15.Recycling waste(network)

The spectacular bay garden didn’t only achieved social sustainability , it look forward to what engineers are looking for those days which is environmental sustainability, This has focused largely on creating a sustainable energy cycle where electrical energy is generated from the burning of horticultural waste and coupled with advanced cooling technologies to cool the Conservatories; a sustainable water cycle where 95 per cent of the rain within the Gardens catchment is captured and cleaned by aquatic plants before being used for irrigation and returned to the Marina Reservoir; creation and enhancement of habitats for biodiversity.

Figure 2.16.Recycling water(network)

Supertrees did most of the effort concerning the project sustainability , these trees has been fitted with advanced environment technologies that mimic the usual ecological function of it , photovoltaic cells harness solar energy ,rainwater harvests collected rainwater just as how trees assist in cloud formation and bring rain.

Figure 2.14.Supertree way of working(network)

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43

CASESTUDY CHAPTER TWO

SUPERTREES CLUSTER

There’s three supertrees clusters each cluster has a different function from the other, two clusters of three supertrees are near the marina Reservoir for liquid discharge , the third cluster of twelve supertrees has exhaust chimneys for the biomass furnaces .The largest of them all Host a restaurant which Is in the center of the of the Cluster.

Figure 2.17.Hight and location of the supertrees(network)

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44ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

CASESTUDY

CHAPTER TWO

Figure 2.18.sketch of the view from Singapore airport(network)

Figure 2.19.The highest supertree holds the restaurant(network)

To add drama and impact to the Gardens, the Supertrees are designed to a scale that would become instantly recognizable in views across the site and offered the opportunity to create vertical gardens in the tropics.

Their heights range between 25m to 50m, rising significantly above the canopy of trees in the gardens.

An elevated walkway between the Supertrees would allow dramatic views across the rest of the Gardens, while offering a unique experience of exploring the Supertree canopies.

The 50m tree housed a tree- top bistro. At night, the Supertrees come alive with a lighting and projected media.

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45

CASESTUDY CHAPTER TWO

THE FLOWER-RAINFOREST DOMES

There’s two conservators each one of them represent a different context one but both look for their plants adaptation , one called the flower dome and the other one is rainforest dome separated from each other by a huge canopy The Flower Dome, 1.2 hectares in footprint and 45m tall, brings about the cool-dry, springtime climate of the Mediterranean- type and semi-arid regions of the world.

This allows the display of habitats and plants from regions such as California, Western Cape (in South Africa), Western Australia,the Mediterranean Basin, and Madagascar.

Complementing the Flower Dome is the Cloud Forest, 0.8 hectares in footprint and 65m tall. It replicates the cool-moist climate found in tropical mountain regions between 1,000m to 3,000m above sea level such as Singapore itself , Thailand , Taiwan , Brazil , Colombia . the whole site forms a continuous chain , from outdoor to indoor glass , the two giant conservatories setted at Marina side , as a summery for the whole garden , and for better control of the light , shade , view as it provides an iconic image for visitors coming into the city from the airport. and waterfront from inside the conservatories.

Figure 2.20.The Garden conservatories(network)

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46ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

CASESTUDY

CHAPTER TWO

CHAPTER TWO ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

47

CASESTUDY CHAPTER TWO

THE FLOWER DOME FINE OLIVE DINNING GROVE (BELOW) MEDITERRANEAN GARDEN

FLOWER FIELD

SOUTH AMERICAN GARDEN

EVENT SPACE (BELOW)

THE BAOBABS

SOUTH AFRICAN GARDEN

OFFICES

FLOWER DOME GROUP

CANOPY

RETAIL SHOP CANOPY COFFEE

MEDITERRANEAN GARDEN

THE BAOBABS EVENT SPACE

OFFICES

FIRST AID , FLOWER DOME GROUP(SUPERVISOR , GUARDIAN OFFICE , FINICAL OFFICE,STAFF ROOM ) CHAPTER TWO

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MEDITERRANEAN GARDEN PLANTATION

EVENT SPACE

CONTAIN MULTIPLE PURPOSE ROOM ,EXHIBITION SPACE .

CASESTUDY

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THE RAINFOREST DOME

FOREST WALK

CANOPY

LOST WORLD

CLOUD WALK

ENTRANCE

RAVINE

TICKETING

RAVINE

BIODIVERSITY HABITAT(Aquatic plants)

LOST WORLD THEMED MOUNITAIN

CLOUD WALK

CANTILEVERED WALK WAYS HANGING FROM THE ARTIFICIAL MOUNTAIN

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GARDEN USERS

Users of the garden are even local or visitor , manly 65% are local and 45% are visitor yet 70% of locals comes only to enjoy picnics and gathering in garden , and 30% visit the conservatories,while 85% of visitors comes to enjoy both garden and conservatories and 15% comes only to see the marvelous garden . visiting conservatories for locals varied according to what’s new while visitors to enjoy their trip.

The bay botanical gardens is the first option for artists as it gives the a natural artistic work , however students are driven to there to learn more about other countries and their own country nature , type of plants ,scientists specially those whom responsible about plants studies , family gathering followers of events , as it has a large event space that holds different events,visitors of Singapore as it forms Singapore new landmark

Figure 2.21.vistors of the garden(network) CHAPTER TWO

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Technical Criteria Of The Conservatories The arches a good supporters at compression ,and a good sun shading devices to control the amount of sun comes to inside.

The case down is the flowerdome and it’s 15000sqm supported by 16 arches runs from north facade to the end of south facade .

Previously mentioned that the bay garden designed in a way to achieve the concept of outdoor-under glass , and conservatories one of the design purposes is to achieve that too moreover designed to endure the test of time and maintain its conditions in the years to come, however conservatories design to make it easy for the plants to adapt , that will increase the range of plant varieties that will brought into Singapore’s atmosphere .all of that achieved by applying the following: -The world’s largest single-span grid shell glass systems.

- By fitting advanced energetics .

-And by utilizing renewable energy for cooling.

EACH 900sqm =ONE ARCH

Figure 2.22.Conservitories Structure(network)

The two conservatories is a bout public use and plants exhibition which means a flexible space grid shells are self supporting structure which will omit any uses of columns frames , also it can resist literal loads , using its geometrical shape , it also support the glazing system that will enhance the facade and gives a large frame holding inside it the waterfront view.

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Construction Matrial The bigger the area the thicker the arch , grid-shells lath increases cause the initial bending stress to increase.

four basic materials are behind the large huge construction of the two conservatories which are steel, aluminum,glass,and concrete . each has been sited for different purpose and each has a thermal conductivity , radiation penetration and a manufacturing energy and cost . aluminum for grid-shells, glazed facade steel arches , concert interior structure

criteria that should be taken into consideration -population of 11,000 needs 22,000sqm -visitors use conservatories more than local yet there population is low comparing to local one -conservatories is flexible space .

-the use of gridshell to provide a flexible space.

-gridshell-arch combination for a better load resistant.

-each 900sqm needs one arch -arches (beams ) omit 50% of the sun radiation -use country sources for generating cooling requirements -no project is 100% sustainable -irrigation comes from nether water body or natural rain.

-solar panels for electricity placed at the top of a high object .

Figure 2.23.Building material(network)

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CASESTUDY

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Sustainable Conservatories Previously mentioned that the bay garden has been fitted with advance energetic the garden conservatories considered as 80% sustainable as the topic itself to become fully sustainable requires both technology and design for a product to be fully sustainable. But at least Singapore almost reached it , the both conservatories run their requirements in a sustainable way from irrigation to cooling system. Irrigation of the conservatories comes from the water collectors at the top of the central supertrees and saved under ground tank .

It’s pumped to conservatories by using power that comes by running its own bio-waste or having solar panels attached at its Supertrees. As cooling system needs a lot of power to be done and to provide that primary energy source they used waste wood as Singapore has 3 million trees. The resulted ash from this burning operation will be re-used in the garden, whilst the generated heat will be used to regenerate a liquid desiccant. This desiccant will be used to remove moisture from the fresh air supply. This helps cut power consumption; dry air requires far less energy to cool it than moist air does.

Figure 2.24.site sustainability(network)

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Figure 2.25.Distrbution of the loads(network)

Figure 2.26.internal air movement(network)

Figure 2.27.conservitories hights(network)

Figure 2.28.cross-section of the conservatories(network)

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CHAPTER TWO

each conservatories works alone against load and as a ventilation system.both of the conservitories relay on the gridshell-arch system but they individually react against loads. even in case of ventilation as each of them has weather different from the other even their entrances are far away from each other so not to cause any weather error of the two conservatories . figure (52) shows a very thick base this where Chilled water pipes being installed within the pathways of the Flower Dome,to absorb some of the solar radiation and so reduce the load on the displacement air supply system, it’s been design at a height of 3 meters to enable the staff to enter for maintenance.

Design a Conservatories Criteria

-use plants shadow to provide human comfort .

-the gradual distribution of plants .

-the use of cool-dry area to add other facilities such as restarants event spaces etc.

-the more the plants need light the closer to sun rays .

-the continuous circulation .

section highlighted the different level inside the one conservatory. creating different shading levels to provide human comfort through walking inside it.

Figure 2.29.Internal shade and shadow(network)

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Criteria Of Programming -All shops are placed around the main entrance forming a beginning or ending of the tour .

-Ticketing as it’s kind of secured point placed at the main gate Previously mentioned that due to the humid weather much of facilities are placed in the flower dome where we can’t find in the rainforest dome. That’s the reason behind constructing the group & corporative entry & offices around the flower dome not the rainforest dome.

-Offices & group , corporative entry attached to the dome but not inside it .

-Event space in front of the waterfront facade to provide internal shading due to the glazed project nature.

-Dining area away from the main dome entrance and at a higher level to achieve both internal and external views.

22,000sqm

Figure 2.30.The garden by the bay program by percentages(network) CHAPTER TWO

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The whole plantation concentrated around the artificial mountain due to their clamping nature .

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GARDEN BY THE BAY CONSERVATORIES PROGRAM

Figure 2.31.The garden by the bay program(network) CHAPTER TWO ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

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CASESTUDY CHAPTER TWO

California Academy of science Location

San Francisco , California , USA

Architects

Renzo piano

Built up Area

37,000sqm

Outdoor Area Project year

9,300sqm 2009

Visitors annually

1,600,00

Project Scale

large scale in a urban context

Reason behind choosing the case One of the main aims of creating a botanical complex is to be a research center as well , to understand a research center much more and what could a research center requirements be such a case was needed.

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Figure 2.32.California Academy (network)

CASESTUDY

CHAPTER TWO

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INTRODUCTION TO CALIFORNIA ACADEMY

CHAPTER TWO

The California academy located along the golden gate park ,along with the main park main street that link it’s east with the west , California academy is not the only project that has been constructed there but it was the leader for other projects to be built inside the park , California academy of science is not a new project , the first California academy constructed at 1853 and damaged due to California earthquakes and reconstructed in 1905 to be damaged again due same reason this’s the third California academy the second California academy it was only about reconstruction but the new California academy renewed it .to show the modern science and to ring the awareness bill of the need for sustainability . the California Academy of Sciences consider as the largest cultural institution in the City of San Francisco, one of the ten largest natural history museums worldwide, and has a mission to explore and explain the natural world. The new California academy will re-conceive the tradition of natural history museums, and serve as a role model and inspiration to the world on how innovative design can achieve sustainable of the following : economic, environmental and social . California academy impacts will be locally , regional, national and international.

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Figure 2.33.California Academy site (network)

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All the surrounded buildings from the academy complementary facilities . all looking to enrich the visitors with knowledge.

Rinzo Pino took the advantage of the site to develop a private but public building (Although the Academy is a private organization, it is viewed as a its setting in Golden Gate Park provides a higher level of scrutiny and involvement by the public.)

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DESIGN STAGES OF CALIFORNIA ACADEMY

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The Academy’s original building was taken down, except for outer walls of the African Hall. 100% of the materials in the original building have been recycled stone, wood, glass, etc. And been used in other projects so we can say that they achieved sustainability even before constructing the new California academy . positioning the new California Based on the old California academy to save the history of it , however to align with the formal concourse and our neighbor the de Young art museum) wasn’t one of the reasons but to be able to take advantage of prevailing breezes and course of the sun for daylight for the staff and public spaces.

Figure 2.34.California Academy users (network)

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Users of the Academy In terms of addressing social needs of community, the project will serve 1.6 million visitors annually. Of those, 750,000 will be children of schoolage (K-12), and over 200,000 others will be pre-school aged children. All schools in San Francisco send at least 1 class to the Academy every year. The academy held over 150 focus groups, including not only the Academy’s staff and Board of Trustees and school children, but also members of the Academy, bay area residents, scientists from around the world and other museum professionals.

Site circulation criteria of California Academy -The academy main gate facing it no parking or main streets to achieve Pedestrian circulation to fl ow as easily from park to structure and back into the park; scientific experiences of the park are extended into the scientific explorations of the Academy.

-Parking in basement from the back where it will not interfere with the main gate to prevent having traffic jam in the front , the basement is fully covers with plants made it hard to observe when coming from park to the building.

-Minimum number of parking around the site even the surrounded buildings their parking are inside the buildings usually in basement that’s mean, the surrounding is important when placing a parking area.

-Dropping area can house 10 cars , mostly taxes , school buses .

Figure 2.35.California Academy site circulations (network)v

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THE ACADEMY MAIN CONCEPTS Two concepts of the project made it a land mark not only in San Francisco or USA but internationally these two concepts are: - Sustainable roof concept - Scientist meet the public “ The idea was to make the roof like a flying carpet , a piece of the park flying “ he says . “ if you fly over the park now , you don’t even see the building “.(1)

Figure 2.36.Harmony with landscape fabric(network)

Reasons behind roof design is : -Sustainability aspect - Aesthetic aspect

AESTHETIC ASPECT -Not to lose the landscape fabric: the concept of the lifted piece of land achieved creating a harmony with the site and a continuous land where the physical building hardly to be seen .

Figure 2.37.home to different plantations(network)

-The different plants species: as it can be accessed by the public and see the living roof and learn about how a living roof is better for the building as well as the environment.

-The roof garden form a habitat for different species such as birds and butterflies.

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Figure 2.38.home to different species(network)

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CHAPTER TWO

SUSTAINABILITY ASPECTS What makes california academy a scpial case is the sustainbility aspects that hve been achieved through it’s design .

-Rain off -Ventilation -Lighting Figure 2.39.The process of purifying the water(network)

Figure 2.40.cross-section shows the ventilation process(network)

Figure 2.41.lighting(network)

The roof solved the problem of the San Francisco water runoff. The Academy’s roof will retain 3.5 million gallons, or 98% of all storm water, this strategy has not only befit San Francisco only but on the international wide to see the purifying effects of the living roof versus traditional roofs.

The Academy minimized the use of mechanical systems for ventilating internal spaces through The roof bubbles where it provides the height differences required for driven the air (warm air rises) to ventilate on calm days (the control of opening and closing the large windows).

The exhibition area (90% of daylight) and the open offices(75% of day light) are both naturally ventilated.in offices will ensure thermal comfort, health and productivity of staff and volunteers , Natural daylight will be accomplished with the glazed facades, the roof design, and lighting controls.

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NATURAL LIGHTING OF CALIFORNIA ACADEMY

ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION

Some spaces relay a lot on the visual tasks so a minimum of sunlight is required such as laboratories and collocation the areas with zero sunlight is where Mummified objects are such as African hall lecture area , or close to zero such as meeting room.

Figure 2.42.lighting of the spaces(network)

By employing natural daylighting and ventilation, high-efficiency electric lighting,and commissioning, the building will use 30% less energy than federal and state .

The large windows at the rainforest roof accurately directed to focus the natural light that comes from it’s roof on it ,even it’s artificial lighting at night follows the same principles of it’s roof windows , in both cases the heat will be released the same way .

These large windows able to rainforest surrounding exhibition with enough natural lighting and it can be open and close according to the surrounded weather.

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CASESTUDY

CHAPTER TWO

Figure 2.43.the large green roof windows(network)

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HIGH EFFICIENCY PHOTOVOLTAICS

5%

A LONG HUGE GLAZED WINDOWS

ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION

Figure 2.44.section through the Academy solar panels(network)

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The perimeter of the roof is bordered by nearly 18,000 square feet of high efficiency photovoltaics. This system will not only provide cover and modulate light for visitors,but provide over 220KW of energy annually, the equivalent of planting 340 trees. Photovoltaic cells will generate 5% of the building’s energy usually used to light the spaces where artifical light is needed .

Photovoltics are not only around the academy parameter but also in the top of piazza where 20SQM of the roof area is coverd with these solar panels where a huge amount of light usually hits .

CASESTUDY

CHAPTER TWO

“Photovoltaics are best known as a method for generating electric power by using solar cells to convert energy from the sun into a flow of electrons. The photovoltaic effect refers to photons of light exciting electrons into a higher state of energy, allowing them to act as charge carriers for an electric current.”(2) photovoltics effect is increased with the increases of it’s area “the larger the area the more electricity “(3)

Figure 2.45.photovoltics panels(network)

Figure 2.46.photovoltics panels above the piazza(network)

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SPA CES Figure 2.48.African hall(network)

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Figure 2.47.the academy rainforest(network)

Figure 2.49.The swamp(network)

Figure 2.50.The Piazza(network)

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CHAPTER TWO

The academy spaces mostly for the public uses , a few of them are private , giving the public the priority ,However the design of it achieved the spaces flexibility by using the open plan concept .

Figure 2.51.Exhibition area(network)

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1.Ajacent Park (natural shadow) 2.Green roof (insulation & passive cooling) 3.Roof geomatry 4.Glass canopy with photovoltaic cells 5.Concrete wall (passive cooling) 6.Operable vents and skylights 7.sunshades 8.Radiant floor 9.Natural light for plants Figure 2.52.Cross-ventilation (network)

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CASESTUDY

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California academy consists of three levels ,The roof level open Eco-gallery ,The ground level where most of the activities exists the main domes exists ,The basement level (Dark Areas )Water species are located their. Levels are open to each other controlling the traveling sun light amount .

Figure 2.53.Academy plan (network)

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Criteria Of The Academy Program Due to the dual purposes of the Academy as reserch center and learning center, the functions of the Academy are multifold . possibilities include ,plaza for ceremonies and events , laboratories for new researches and exhibitions discuss the natural features .

Exhibitions took the largest part of the project giving the public the priority , exhibitions are the first thing the public can see when passing through the gate as there’s no walls or barriers (open space ).

In the center of the Academy the placement of the plaza ,The plaza is defined by glassed walls covered by large windows that will allow 90% of the natural light , the plaza has a varieties of uses , wedding hall , conferences , any other events .

In the back part of the Academy placed the laboratories , even attached with a private staff access , that doesn’t mean it’s totally for private use Rinzo Piano in his design of the Academy allowed for the public to witness the lab experiences .

Figure 2.54.Academy program in percentage (network)

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CASESTUDY

CHAPTER TWO

THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY PROGRAM

Figure 2.55.Academy program (network)

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Ecorium of the National Ecological Institute Location

Samoo Architects & Engineers, Grimshaw Architects

Architects

Seocheon, south Korea

Area Floors Project

33,090 sqm 2 Stories and 1 Basement botanical garden , research center, Entertainment.

Project year

2012

Reason behind choosing the case The project form advance botanical garden as it’s listed one of the futuristic botanical gardens (what the future of botanical gardens look like ! ) and ecorium has been recently constructed .

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CASESTUDY

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The Ecorium located in one of seocheon buffer zones in the city suburban spaces away from the city center , away from the main roads deep inside these buffer zones accessed by services roads , attached to metro station that will encourage the public to use the sustainable transportation .

Figure 2.56.Ecorium surroundings (network)

INTRODUCTION TO THE ECORIUM INSTITUTION

Figure 2.57.the site builtup area VS the buffer zone (network)

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Visiting a small-scale replica of the earth sounds like some kind of postapocalyptic toursim . in fact it’s contemporary educational concept brought to life at the Ecorium , part of the national ecological institution, an immersive ecological learning and research center in seocheon , south korea. Inside the stunning exoplex , a type of futuristic time travel is possible visitors are invited to walk through living re-creation of five of the earth’s distinct biomes -From tropical to polar in just one day .

The Ecorium main goal is to explore the fragility of ecosystems and the importance of biodiversity . “we can alter how we use energy and carbon emissions in a way that may actually help reduce global worming “ (3) says Andrew whalley, deputy chairman of Grimshow Architects, the firm whose design won the competition for the large scale ecology project hosted by Korea’s ministry of environment “ Eco-Architecture is something of a specialty Grimshows.

CASESTUDY

CHAPTER TWO

Site plan

CHAPTER TWO

Figure 2.58.the Ecorium site plan(network)

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Criteria of Ecorium site plan Victoria lake , plaza area , out door sitting area all existed to fulfill the project as the outer can work as gallery as it has been mentioned by samoo architects .

The project is followed by green houses for bringing samples from and to the ecorium , for Studies and researches The biomes facades gave the chance to imagine the different zones in a larger scale .

The green houses placed above the ecorium , so it won’t form hump for the ecorium however so it would be far from public manipulation for a accurate results .

Ecorium Gates -The main gate entered from the big plaza , -The third entrance mainly used for equipment’s discharge , however easy Access for scientists as it’s near their laboratories and the green houses .

-The secondary entrance For visitors that comes from the back as this cervices road leads to visitors center.

Figure 2.60.the surrounded activities(network)

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CASESTUDY

CHAPTER TWO

Composed manly of steel and glass, the Ecorium resembles an intergalactic city. The center’s enter way is tucked underneath a grass roof to give sense that you are going into the landscape. Seen above , the building’s large compressive steel arches evoke the meandering flow of a river that splits off into different pools .

Each is covered by a wedge-shape glass greenhouse (they’re in a four dimensional sizes)that contains a different biome : tropical , subtropical, Mediterranean, and the Temperate biome . The fifth zone is represented in a subterranean exhibit that mimics the low-light conditions and maintains the subzero temperatures of the Arctic. Inside, visitors will feel the temperature changing and notice landscape adjust-a far cry from the static dioramas at natural history museums. A continuous walkway snake through the entire building, its succession of functional ecosystems containing waterfalls miniature mountains 240 types of living animals 4,300 plants species.

The tropical zone for example stands 115 feet tall to accommodate sacred figs and other Amazonian

INSIDE THE ECORIUM ATYPE OF FUTURISTIC TIME TRAVEL IS

POSSIBLE trees, And under its canopy is a mix of mangroves, banana trees, schools of colorful fish, a Burmese python and even flying foxes. The temperate zone, a reproduction of the Gotjawal forest on south Korea’s Jveju island, contains wild chickadees. The polar exhibit is home to penguins.

Figure 2.59.the Ecorium Biome structure (network)

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GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

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Cafeteria (1) Offices , bathroom Supervisor, tropical zone(G)

Eco-gallery(1) Lobby(G)

Polar zone (G) RESTURANT (1)

Out door plaza

The roof garden has been used as Eco-gallery , people will unconsciously Reflect on the mater of the roof garden without knowing That it’s part of the plants gallery to not feel Bored yet learning .

Discharge area Archive room

Eco-gallery

lobby

Polar zone (G) RESTURANT (1)

Out door plaza

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Criteria Of The Ecorium Program The five natural zones placed in a squance way to travel from zone to zone as if moving around the world .

Each of these zones is intrduced through exhibition placed in each zone gate reflecting what is possable to see in each zone, each of the zones biomes orinated as if it’s in its local place to ensure it’s adaptation .

The Eco-gallery or the roof gallery designed to be part of the national ecological exhibition , a place for different festivels , attached to it resturant just above the polar zone .

Local zone is a biome that holds inside it the real nature of south korea where a structure of arches and gridshels cover a part of the surrounded park. the surrounded park is nothing but an introduction to what the public will witness inside the Ecorium.

All zones almost took the same area keeping the balance between spaces .

Figure 2.61.the Ecorium program in percentage(network)

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CASESTUDY

CHAPTER TWO

THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY PROGRAM

Figure 2.62.the Ecorium program (network)

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-Use gradual distribution of plants to provide internal shading and human comfort.

CASESUDIES SUMMERY

-Mechanical objects along the side of the walkways And can be accessible for maintenance .

TECHNICAL RECOMMENDATIONS

-Green roof for recycling water and decreases internal temperature.

-The use of dome shape useful to for released of heat and for better lighting.

DESIGN STAGES

-Flexible space no columns,the use of external beams control sun amount.

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-The use of grid shell and arches combinations for stronger larger infrastructure.

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CASESUDIES SUMMERY

-Along with a water body (to be used for irrigation & prevent future expansions ) -Quiet –empty space no adjacent buildings.

-Within a large natural urban fabric .(surrounded or part of the project landscape)

-Along with projects that has the same principles (such in case of California Academy ) -public spaces or context .

-Far away from main roads .Enter it using services roads or walkways such in the case of gardens by the bay .

-Near public transportation to encourage the public transportation as A part of achieving sustainability program.

URBAN RECOMMENDATIONS SITE SELECTION

-A site where a wind passage is certain to remove released gases.

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1-http://www.archdaily.com/423255/ecorium-of-the-national-ecological-institute-nbbj-in-collaboration-with-samoo-architects-and-engineers-grimshaw-architects 2.http://archinect.com/news/article/87395137/grimshaw-completes-the-nature-inspired-ecorium-their-first-project-in-asia 3.http://www.griven.com/upload/pdf/20121017094223_Bay_ South,_Gardens_by_the_Bay,_Singapore_-_MONDO_ARC.pdf 4.http://www.cpgcorp.com.sg/CPGC/Content/Publications/20100400_Citygreen-Designing_a_Nations_Garden_in_ the_Heart_of_Singapores_Downtown-Gardens_by_the_Bay.pdf 5.https://www.istructe.org/getmedia/e8f33300-c603-4675-9c7ffc5e07a54b6d/Exemplar-Submission-2.pdf.aspx 6.http://www.rpbw.com/files/03b3a8e3b8848c05865352a8daa321e03362b884.pdf 7.https://www.asla.org/sustainablelandscapes/pdfs/CAS_Fact_ Sheet.pdf 8.http://download.holcimfoundation.org/1/docs/us_booklet. pdf

EFERENCES

BUILDING PROGRAM CHAPTER THREE

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BUILDINGPROGRAM

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BUILDING PROGRAM CHAPTER THREE

CHAPTER THREE -Annual visitors calculations -Programs comparison -Program development -Architects Data & Standards -final program -References Building program is a conclusion and a result to what have been mentioned in the two previous chapters .

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INTRODUCTION A Botanical Complex is a place where leisure and needs and knowledge and awareness meet .

“ONE OF THE MAIN PROJECT AIM IS TO ACHIEVE THE GLOBAL AWARENESS OF FOOD PRODUCTION “ A global awareness means the exceptions of huge number of visitors due to that a special calculations has been made to discover the possible annual visitors of the project .

GARDENS BY THE BAY

ECORIUM INSTITUTION

ANNUAL VISITORS

ANNUAL VISITORS

ANNUAL VISITORS

2,000,000 IN 2012

1,600,000 IN 2013

5,200,000 IN 2012

5.31 million

Singapore population

2.5 92

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE

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804,239

San Fransisco population

0.5

30 million

South Korea population

5.7

BUILDING PROGRAM CHAPTER THREE

Botanic Complex estimated amount of visitors CALCULATION RULE TO FIND THE ANNUAL VISITORS

POPULATION ANNUAL VISITORS = OBTAINED FACTOR

20%

The annual visitors obtained to

186,461.5

Taking an average of the closest amount of population to the city of interest for the project -UAE population(Ajman) , and using it’s estimated fact , we can obtain the annual visitors to such a project .

The estimated population of the Ajman city as per sources in December 2012 is - 372,923 Thus, the estimated number of visitors annually , for such a project in the mentioned city can be obtained by : 372,923 x 0.5=186,461.5 Roughly , we can design a facility that can hold up an estimated amount of users on a daily basis: 600-700 users daily

372,923 Almost ONE of four people will visit the Botanic complex annually.

Ajman population

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BUILDING PROGRAM CHAPTER THREE

PROGRAMMING STAGES The following activities are the main common activities of the three previous cases common activities but each has it own role serving it’s case .the following activities will form the basic activities of the main program .(note you may find activities that’s common in only two cases or known ) due to the project aims.

Figure 3.1.The three cases comparison (network)

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Some activities spaces has been adjusted based on the need of the project and to achieve aims & goals As my aims is to rise the sustainability awareness among the public , and the real practice of awareness an indoor gardens adjusted to serve a different activities. Tropical zones is hard to serve as a farming area due to the humidity and not much food production that People often use , on the other hand cases showed that Mediterranean and temperate zones are the only zones that people sit and both zones holds a lot of activities within it yet we all know that much of our food productions comes from these two zones .

Due to transforming botanical gardens into indoor farming botanical gardens , areas defined as follow: -Areas for professional farmers for clean fresh products to be used in the retail stores .

-Area for the public farming experience and to farm whatever they need to use under the supervision of specialized people -Scientists private part for experiments to be done .

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FINAL PROGRAM Figure 3.3.The three cases program in percentage(network)

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CASESTUDIES PROGRAMS COMPARISON PROGRAMS COMPARED BASED ON THEIR SPACES PERCENTAGES . THE FINAL PROGRAM REPRESENT THE AVERAGE OF THEM ALL.

GARDENS BY THE BAY

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Figure 3.4.Proccess of developing the program(network)

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The uses of the Mediterranean zone changed and it’s activities increased,as well as the retailing area .

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ARCHITECT’S DATA & STANDRDS

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FINAL PROGRAM BOTANIC COMPLEX TOTAL AREA (16,500SQM) ANNUAL VISITORS (186,461.5)

(NOTE : (Q) Refers to the quantity of the single activity) -Retailing shops areas based on previous projects found on network.

-Some areas has been modified based on the needs.

-All retailing shops related to the botanic matter -Mediterranean tasks areas will be define through design process.

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AUDITORIUM(150SQM) ADMINISTRATION(420SQM) OFFICES(1000SQM)

SUPERVISOR ROOM -3Q-(20SQM) STAFF ROOM - 2Q-(96SQM) GROUP TOUR SUPPORT-(60SQM) PANTRY-2Q-(30SQM) ARCHIVE ROOM-2Q-(35) FINANCIAL DEPARTMENT(60SQM)

2%

FIRST AID-2Q-(25) GUARD ROOM-4Q-(27)

EVENT SPACE(1000) MULTIPURPOSE (600SQM) EXHIBITION SPACE(400SQM)

BOARD AREA(150SQM) LECTURE ROOM(100SQM) MEETING ROOM(50SQM)

LABORATORIES(1500SQM) RESEARCH ROOM-2Q-(300SQM) LABS-2Q-(200) COLLECTION ROOM-2Q-(120) LIBRARY(250SQM)

RETAIL SHOPS(4000)

10%

GIFT STORE-2Q-(40SQM) FRUIT & VEGE MARKET(600SQM) ART DEALERS-3Q-(35SQM)

NURSERY GARDEN STORE(300SQM) PHARMACY & DRUG STORE(70SQM) BOOKS STORE(200SQM)

40%

RESTAURANTS HEALTHY RESTAURANTS(organic restaurants)(900SQM)

MEDITERRANEAN (INDOOR FARMING)(8000) ARCHIVE ROOM MASTER GARDNER AREA INFO.DISK VOLUNTEER PROGRAM AREA HARDSCAPE AGRICULTURAL WORKSHOPS COLLECTION ROOM FLOWER SHOP (400SQM)

30% CHAPTER THREE ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

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1.http://www.archdaily.com/290487/jaffa-port-market-jacobs-yaniv-architects 2.http://www.archdaily.com/774093/ uniprix-pharmacy-and-medical-center-jean-de-lessard-designers-creatifs/ 5600d5a2e58eceff5f0001b7-uniprix-pharma3.http://theeveryhostess.com/favorite-flower-shop-vienna-austria/ 4.https://issuu.com/beshlaa/docs/architects__handbook 5.https://www.google.ae/search?q=fruit+market+plan&biw=1366&bih=651&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwig9fT2_sbRAhUHUBQKHRADC4cQ_AUIBigB#tbm=isch&q=ajman+population+2016

EFERENCES

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CHAPTER THREE -Country selection -City selection -Ajman vision of 2030 -Site selection

Alternative site (1) Alternative site (2) Alternative site (3)

-Conclusion -References Selecting a site is an essential starting point to move to design stages , due to it’s impact on design and on project aims.

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COUNTRY SELECTION The selection of the country was based on the amount of knowledge available about the country as I live in United Arab Emirates choosing UAE to form my project would be helpful for me in term of collecting the informations,visiting the site and analyzing it .However the existing of futuristic strategies such as vision of 2020 ,of 2030 and so and so that will lead me to chose a site that won’t only serve several coming years but a centuries .UAE lately became number one option to spend a vacation , which means that through it ,the project could achieve not only national impact but global one .

CITY SELECTION UAE recently achieved a rapid , significant development Dubai and Abu-Dhabi are the leaders of this rapid development comes after them Sharjah,even they became a UAE landmarks others they are trying to follow up with this rapid development specially Ajman , Ajman is trying to form a continuous chain to what Dubai and Abu-Dhabi achieved , even it recently started to construct it’s own futuristic visions , Ajman can not only form a continuous chain of the other Emirates but it can also climb over to reach the peak through knowing what to develop and where to develop and it’s scale of impact nationally and internationally,to be a leader of other new sustainable strategies , and achieve what Dubai and Abu-Dhabi planners couldn’t achieve .

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Figure 4.1.Tourist in each city(network)

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2030 VISION OF AJMAN Ajman vision of 2030 was intended to increases the number of population and providing habitat for locals till 2050,yet provide job chances and achieve social and economical sustainability , moreover it intended on increasing the number of tourists through development of mega projects such as Al-zohra , and creating landmarks and green open spaces .

Internationally Ajman is seeking to be a known place in the world wide for its extensive tourist facilities and investment opportunities. All of the previous futuristic recommendations of Ajman can be achieved through the selection of the site and the project impacts .

SITE SELECTION In order to choose a site in Ajman for the botanical complex many studies shall be counted (the casestudies urban recommendations), as well as Ajman vision of 2030 aims ,taking in consideration the project aims to ensure that the new botanical complex can meet the rapid development and serve several generations and achieve global awareness .

Following Ajman 2030 vision will summarized many site selection steps , minimizing number of the alternative sites , Ajman map of 2030 divided into the following : -Urban Centre -Growth Centers -Residential Areas -Park Ways -Industrial Areas -Community Facilities & utilities -Transport corridors

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Figure 4.2.Site selection criteria(network)

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The 2030 vision represents a variety of sites , but due to the project program of retailing (entertainment) and the project main aim of achieving globality a sites under the term of tourism-residential will form the alternative sites.

SITE SELECTION

CRITERIA Choosing the alternative sites

1-Following the 2030 vision of Ajman.

2-Taking sustainability into consideration , the site should provide sustainable natural resources of solar , wind etc.

3-The project aims should be taken into consideration of creating a social , global , economical impact .

4-Close to the public,as they’re the main concern .

5-Away from the city center , to achieve globality (as far as from the city center the much bigger the impact will be !)

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By dividing the tourism-residential zones into multiple sites , and due to the project nature of dealing with sustainability and Eco-environment will head toward Eco-tourism sites thus minimizing the number of alternative sites ,the alternative Eco-tourism sites are the following :AL-Zawra,AL-Tallah,AL-Zahya to find the best to form the botanic complex an analysis & evaluation of each is required.

6-Linked to public transpiration , to be part of the sustainability program.

7-A sufficient area, for the future expansion of same project type .

8-A area that’s able to form a land mark and a tourists attraction point.

9-Welcoming & environmentally friendly zoning of the site .

10-Should not disturb the environment and existing urban setting .

11-Noticable by the residents .can be recognized.

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Figure 4.3.The residential -tourism areas(network)

The following legends represent the zoning program of Ajman map in 2030 .

Figure 4.4.Eco-tourism areas(network)

Figure 4.5.The alternative sites(network) CHAPTER FOUR ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

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ALTERNATIVE SITE (1) AL-Zawra is located at the creek , by the famous Mangrove forest itself has an exquisite scenery of it’s own. It is situated in a low density populated area. The surrounding sectors (ALjurf & Musheiref) have been designated for local citizens of the Emirates and consists of villas only . Private resedential villas, and numerous schools flood the surrounding .

The famous Ajman univeristy and gulf medical school are also in the vicinity. Recreational and entertainment areas incloude Ajman city center (mall) and the Ajman Festival that provide shopping & entertainment facilities for the resedents .

2 KM away from the city center

CULTURAL CONTEXT

Al-zawra is a bout 2km away from the city center ,it’s been Ajman attraction point ,surrounded from the west by a residential area and from the north by factories , from the south by a heritage area . Alzawra considered to be a semi-island it’s surrounded by water from all f it’s three sides .

Alzawra is a large huge area yet no roads to be existed inside the site can be accessed through a main road that same roads lorries used to reach factories .

The siterecives plenty of sunshine and wind as it is situated in a completely vast and open area. The Mangrove forest itself adds a sense of Botanical garden that could be integrated in the design .

SURROUNDED INFRASTRUCTURE Figure 4.7.Alzawra site analysis(network)

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1 AL-Zawra

Figure 4.6.Alternative site one Al-Zawra(network)

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ALTERNATIVE SITE (2) Alzahia located north-east Ajman surrounded by a highway from Dubai -Umm Al-Quwain, it’s a good point in case of achieving globality, surrounded from all of it’s part by a private farms and a villages some new projects can be found there such as Emiraites city & Uptown Ajman.

It’s located 10.4 km away from city center usually people pass by it but not sit and watch because the lack of the ability to witness the private farms and lack of public facilities (only for private uses ),the area has no internal roads , a huge area with a high farming potentiality , by not having any residential or building congestion leave the area with a high air breeze and a high sun amount , and opportunities of future expansion .

10.4 KM away from the city center

CULTURAL CONTEXT

PRIVATE FARMS

The existing of farms their gives an idea about how good is the soil to be used for agricultural purposes and this provide a sustainable surroundings which’s one of the main site selection criteria .

HIGHWAY

SURROUNDED INFRASTRUCTURE Figure 4.8.Alzahia site analysis(network)

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2

ALZAHIA

Figure 4.9.Alzahia site alternative two(network)

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ALTERNATIVE SITE (3) Al-Tallah is the third alternative site it’s located in the East-South edges of Ajman, Surrounded by the Sheikh Mohamed Bin Zayed Road from the south , from the north it’s surround by locals villas of G-2stories, and facilities that follows the local needs such as markets and schools etc . Linked to factories area , a huge massive houses congestion can be found there surrounding the site , adjusting it a camel race area , the site surrounded by roads from all of it’s parts .

6.1 KM away from the city center

CULTURAL CONTEXT

The site is 6.1 far from the city center not a bout of residents interest , relatively small area comparing to the two previous alternative sites . A public transportation can be found there just 2 km away .

The site has a negative wind flow , leaving the site with a huge CO2 amount comes from surrounded factories , but still there’s a chances of solar benefits .

SURROUNDED INFRASTRUCTURE Figure 4.10.AlTallah site analysis(network)

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3

ALTALLAH

Figure 4.11.AlTallah site alternative three(network)

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CONCLUSION According to the site analysis and comparing them with the initial aims and objectives of the design, and the site selection recommendations or criteria , site (2) is the most suitable to serve the Botanic project . Further details are provided for each.

LOCATION

Site (1) is located in the center of the city which makes it attraction of Ajman as city only , while site (2) is far away from the city center which it can be a starting point for such a project , however the existing along sheikh Mohamed Bin zayed road will form a Chanel for Dubai visitors to reach the site without going along Ajman.

SURROUNDINGS

Site (1) surrounded by a very congestion area , and is developed as a residential nowadays .while Site(2) is free from any surroundings but a sustainable ones .

FUTURE EXTENSIONS

Site (1) According to the latest data the site by 2020 won’t have any other additional space for future extensions ,while Site (2) A Botanic Complex is the starting point to further expansions hoping that the following projects will have the same as Botanic complex resume.

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CATEGORY Location quality Easily described Vegetation Pollution free Public transportation Less congestion area Accessibility Link with other projects Climate Future extensions Energy resources Size SCORE 5-Very Good 4-Good

Site 01

Site 02

Site 03

5 2 4 3 3 2 3 3 5 3 4 5

4 4 5 4 4 5 4 5 4 5 3 5

2 3 1 2 4 1 4 2 3 3 2 4

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3-Acceptable 2-Bad 1-Very Bad

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1.http://wikimapia.org/#lang=en&lat=25.386 217&lon=55.503702&z=13&m=b 2.http://www.constructionweekonline.com/ article-649-ajmans-mega-city-in-the-sand/1/ print/ 3.http://www.ajmanproperties.ae/Development

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CONCCLUSION

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CHAPTER THREE -Botanic Architectural approaches -Concept -Chapters summery

A chapter that connects all the following chapters , and shows the outcomes of each.

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THE ARCHITECTURAL

-Modern botanical garden trend -No activities surrounding it -New way of shaping the dome

APPROACHES Trends of Botanical Gardens

-Old trend European one -Usual green house -In middle of a huge garden -Same material is used along the project -No variety in shape -Symmetrical shape.

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-Massive scale -Entertainment -High tech.

-Gradually developed

-Nature and botanical garden are one piece.

-Smooth diversity of hight -Almost 90% of the project is made from glass -Along with water body .

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Dubai tropical garden -Doesn’t look like botanical garden.

-Moder building.

-The surrounding is not the same context.

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CONCEPT OF THE BOTANIC COMPLEX

A brief concept that discuss the distribution direction of the Botanic Complex and the size of the urban scale that the project landscape will take from the site . The concept follows the old Usual Botanic trends yet in modern way where additional facilities has been added such ( Laboratories & Retailing).

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(Combination of Retailing shops , laboratories and Botanic Garden)

Mediterranean zone (Indoor farming centering the project due to the need of both other facilities (laboratories & retailing ) of it as they run using it.

Laboratories intersect with the public in a small portion (for public use ) , yet the rest of it still for private use.

The red part is the retailing part of the project as we previously shown that 30% of the project will be a retailing area , it passes through all the other facilities to achieve (the involving of the public concept).

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CHAPTERS SUMMERY CHAPTER ONE IMPACT OF THE PROJECT

-PERSONAL IMPACT .Science learning .Achieve the awareness of the individuality .Live selfsuffcient .Entertainment of nature .Learn to farm -ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT .Green sustainable Environment.

-ECONOMICAL IMPACT .Less money spent on transportations when all products are provided .Income is into and from visitors .More chances for laboring .More food less money -GLOBAL IMPACT .Global awareness .The project will form a Global learning station. .Eco-tourism(higher tourists population)

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AIMS

OF THE PROJECT

-Create global impact -(Farm Food)revolution -Public awareness -Enjoy and learn nature -Allow for the public to access science.

-To enhance the impact of farming food on the: .Individual .Society .Economy .World sustainability .Global knowledge

USERS OF THE PROJECT

30% Scientist

10% Students

40% Family

20% Tourists

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The project will achieve three ways of Awareness:

1.By observing : A huge farming space where farming and food production is done.

2.By reading: books and research documentation is one of the ways to spread awareness 3.By practicing: Agricultural workshops will allow the public to learn how to practice agriculture , however the freedom of the public to collect their needs of crops from the farm market .

TYPES OF USERS OF THE PROJECT

-Biog-scientists( scientists who study plants -Environmental scientists -Pharmacists ( whom will study drugs and use scientists researches to create a cure ) -Students ( school students , university students , workshops students ) -Family ( adults-children , old- young man - women ) -Tourists ( as it will achieve globality )

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OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

-Design a botanical educational facility that will allows people to : .Take part in farming .Learn through these activities .Interact with Agriculture -Provide retail shops that depend on the botanical part of the project.

-Design a research center to do the researches on the existed plants .

-Create an open non-private spaces where researches will be exchanged with the public .

-Improve public awareness toward food , and it’s impact on the future.

-Enhance food growth -Introduce an iconic landmark for the tourists -the public will work to rise food production.

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CHAPTER TWO

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NOTE Non of the cases located in a hot climate conditions, even though there’s a Botanical Gardens in the middle east but unfortunately there’s always a lack of enough informations about them.

GARDENS BY THE BAY

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FINAL PROGRAM BOTANIC COMPLEX CHAPTER THREE TOTAL AREA (16,500SQM) ANNUAL VISITORS (186,461.5)

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AUDITORIUM(150SQM) ADMINISTRATION(420SQM) OFFICES(1000SQM)

SUPERVISOR ROOM -3Q-(20SQM) STAFF ROOM - 2Q-(96SQM) GROUP TOUR SUPPORT-(60SQM) PANTRY-2Q-(30SQM) ARCHIVE ROOM-2Q-(35) FINANCIAL DEPARTMENT(60SQM)

2%

FIRST AID-2Q-(25) GUARD ROOM-4Q-(27)

EVENT SPACE(1000) MULTIPURPOSE (600SQM) EXHIBITION SPACE(400SQM)

BOARD AREA(150SQM) LECTURE ROOM(100SQM) MEETING ROOM(50SQM)

LABORATORIES(1500SQM) RESEARCH ROOM-2Q-(300SQM) LABS-2Q-(200) COLLECTION ROOM-2Q-(120) LIBRARY(250SQM)

RETAIL SHOPS(4000)

10%

GIFT STORE-2Q-(40SQM) FRUIT & VEGE MARKET(600SQM) ART DEALERS-3Q-(35SQM)

NURSERY GARDEN STORE(300SQM) PHARMACY & DRUG STORE(70SQM) BOOKS STORE(200SQM)

40%

RESTAURANTS HEALTHY RESTAURANTS(organic restaurants)(900SQM)

MEDITERRANEAN (INDOOR FARMING)(8000) ARCHIVE ROOM MASTER GARDNER AREA INFO.DISK VOLUNTEER PROGRAM AREA HARDSCAPE AGRICULTURAL WORKSHOPS COLLECTION ROOM FLOWER SHOP (400SQM)

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CONCLUSION According to the site analysis and comparing them with the initial aims and objectives of the design, and the site selection recommendations or criteria , site (2) is the most suitable to serve the Botanic project . Further details are provided for each.

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LOCATION

Site (1) is located in the center of the city which makes it attraction of Ajman as city only , while site (2) is far away from the city center which it can be a starting point for such a project , however the existing along sheikh Mohamed Bin zayed road will form a Chanel for Dubai visitors to reach the site without going along Ajman.

SURROUNDINGS

Site (1) surrounded by a very congestion area , and is developed as a residential nowadays .while Site(2) is free from any surroundings but a sustainable ones .

FUTURE EXTENSIONS

Site (1) According to the latest data the site by 2020 won’t have any other additional space for future extensions ,while Site (2) A Botanic Complex is the starting point to further expansions hoping that the following projects will have the same as Botanic complex resume.

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CATEGORY Location quality Easily described Vegetation Pollution free Public transportation Less congestion area Accessibility Link with other projects Climate Future extensions Energy resources Size SCORE 5-Very Good 4-Good

Site 01

Site 02

Site 03

5 2 4 3 3 2 3 3 5 3 4 5

4 4 5 4 4 5 4 5 4 5 3 5

2 3 1 2 4 1 4 2 3 3 2 4

42

52

31

3-Acceptable 2-Bad 1-Very Bad

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CONCLUSION CHAPTER FIVE

THANK YOU (A new project , new life style )

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C L A S S O F

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HAJER.M.TAHA(201210423)

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FARMING FARMING

INDOOR FOR ENOUGH FOOD INDOOR

CHAPTER FIVE

FOR ENOUGH FOOD

IF

CONCLUSION