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TheitemscalehasalsobeenusedwithLatinxcollegestudents(Gloria,Castellanos,Scull,&Villegas,),AfricanTheMentalHealthContinuum--ShortForm (MHC-SF;Keyesetal.,)wasdevelopedtomeasurepositivementalhealththroughassessingvariousfacetsofwell-being.Ifwell-beingdatafithierarchicalmodels withasinglegeneralfactor,itisResearchershaveusedboththeitemPWBScaleandashorteneditemversion(Ryff&Keyes,)withAmericanadultsofallages, includingthosefromlower-incomebackgrounds(Ryff&Keyes,;Curhanetal,)feelingstowardone’slifeandtheleveloffunctioningwellinlife(eg,Diener, Emmons,Larsen,&Griffin,;Keyes,;Ryff,)conceptofeudaimonia,aswellastheoreticalconTakentogether,theseresultssuggestthatwell-beingdatahasa hierarchicalstructure,whereitemsareinfluencedbyspecificfactors,aswellasasinglegeneralfactorofwell-being,whetherdirectly(inbifactormodels)or indirectly(inhigher-ordermodels)Inturn,CoreyKeyes(Keys,),noteddevelopedtoassessthementalhealthandwell-beingintermsofthepresenceofpositive ’.othersandgoodadjustmenttotheenvironment(Ryff,).TheitemMHC-SFwasderivedfromtheMentalHealthContinuum--LongForm(MHC-LF;Ryff,)by takingthemostprototypicalitemsrepresentingtheconstructdefinitionforeach, factors:personalgrowth,self-esteem,autonomy,purposeinlife,positive relationshipswithTotalscore:Itemswithineachsubscalearesummed,yieldingarangefromtoHigherscoresindicategreaterDefinitionRyff’sPsychological Well-BeingScale(RPWBS)isastructured,self-reportinstrumentofpsycho-logicalwell-being(PWB),developedbyRyff(b),RyffandKeyes()aspartofaconstruct-orientedapproachtopersonalityassess-ment(Ryff)andbasedonAristotlesSubjectivewell-beingistheevaluationandlarationsthatindividualsmakeRyff andKeyes()suggestthatpsychologicalwellbeing(PWB),ratherthansubjectivewellbeingorhedonism(SWB),astherepresentationofpositivetransformation,is acquiredthroughautonomyResponseoptionspointLikertscalerangingfromto6,1,“Completelydisagree”and6,“Completelyagree”