GW Arts & Sciences Spring Update 2014

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SP RING 2014

RESEARCH AN UPDATE FROM THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY COLUMBIAN COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

INSIDE U.S. Border Policies: Human Impact

FORECASTING WILDFIRES

Decision-Making Debunked Timetree Maps Plant Growth

The Science Behind the Destruction

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ach year, raging wildfires destroy thousands of acres of land, homes, and lives. The staggering toll of destruction underscores the importance of predicting when and how wildfires occur—a feat Assistant Professor of Geography Michael Mann is helping to tackle. By examining statistical data on California wildfires dating back more than 60 years, Mann has created a model that forecasts the likelihood of wildfires in the state through the year 2050. His predictions are based on climate variations, indicators of tree and plant growth, population density, and potential ignition sources.

Sighting in the Sky In Brief

“California makes a great test case for this model because the ecosystems that exist within its borders are representative of the rest of the country,” said Mann, whose research was funded by the Nature Conservancy. Not surprisingly, Mann predicts wildfires will continue to increase in both number and intensity. Climate change and biological factors will play a critical role because increased energy in the climate system could dramatically shift rainfall patterns, a key indicator of future fires. And both wetter and drier than normal conditions can create fires in different ecosystems, Mann noted.

New Research Grants A Wine Cellar for the Ages

Curiosity, Creativity, and Passion

Dean Ben Vinson

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protein that may help the human body fight cancer. A computer model that can predict

where and when devastating wildfires will strike. A

Michael Mann with his computer model that predicts wildfire strikes in California

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For example, when a normally “wet” area with abundant vegetation—such as the rainforests of the Northwest—experiences unusual droughts, the potential for fires increases; the now dry foliage becomes a potential danger-area for fires. Conversely, when a formerly barren landscape —like the semi-arid deserts of the Southwest— incurs small increases in precipitation, denser CONTINUED ON BACK PAGE

project that may save the lives of migrant families who follow their dreams on a dangerous journey across the Mexican border into America. From classrooms and laboratories to treks around the globe, our faculty and students search for the answers to puzzling and profound questions, sparked by the curiosity, creativity, and passion that marks all great innovation. No matter the field—science, public policy, social science, the arts, the humanities—our world-class

Fighting Cancer One Protein at a Time

investigators take full advantage of the breath of scholarship within departments, across the disciplines, and into our community.

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roteins have a vital function inside your body’s cells: They take out the trash.

Specific proteins actually mark other damaged or unwanted proteins and cellular machinery for disposal. Now, a research team led by Associate Professor of Chemistry Michael Massiah believes that one of these proteins also labels fellow proteins that may be implicated in many cancers—the first time a regulator of cancer-proteins has ever been identified. Massiah hopes the findings, which were published in The Journal of Biological Chemistry, will offer new insights into fighting cancer as well as some birth defects.

Alpha4 is found in high concentrations in several cancers, including liver and breast cancer. Until now “nobody knew how alpha4 was regulated and how it works,” Massiah said. “We showed that MID1 actually targets alpha4 for degradation, and we did that both in the lab and in cells. That’s exciting.”

In this publication, you’ll hear stories of the research adventures unfolding at Columbian College. You’ll travel to archeological ruins and uncover million-year-old artifacts, see celestial bodies never before revealed to our eyes, delve deep into the inner workings of the human brain. I am sure you will share in our excitement for these astonishing

Proteins are the workhorses that drive most of the essential functions in our cells, even the regulation of other proteins. MID1 belongs to a family of proteins that tags other proteins for disposal. Scientists were already aware of MID1’s other roles, like helping to regulate the integrity of the tube-like proteins that make up cell architecture.

accomplishments—and our pride in the amazing men and women who have achieved them. To hear about all we are accomplishing in the areas of learning and research, I encourage you to read our monthly e-magazine and join our Facebook and Twitter communities. There are many more adventures and discoveries to share.

CONTINUED ON INSIDE

The tale of two proteins involves the marker, called MID1, and alpha4, the “cancer-protein.”

Ben Vinson III Dean, Columbian College of Arts and Sciences ccasdean@gwu.edu

Michael Massiah with post-doctoral student Haijuan Du, left, and undergraduate Wei Ting Lee

www.columbian.gwu.edu


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