Inside Single Fatherhood
Navigating the highs and lows of a single father raising two girls on his own
Sunday, June 15, 2025
Tito with his daughters, Angel and Odessa a tight-knit trio (Delano Williams photo)
Championing the cause of the community above all else Young Toshao determined to make a difference
By Michel Outridge
AS a native of Kako Village, Upper Mazaruni, Romario Hastings fully understands the needs of the local community and wants to bring about change. Following his election by the people, he became the Toshao of the village, bringing a vision for sustainability.
Hastings is among the 2025 Ignite Caribbean awardees—one of his latest achievements, among others—recognised for his sterling efforts in enhancing the lives of the people in his village.
He is the current and youngest Toshao/Chief of Kako Village, Upper Mazaruni, an Indigenous Akawaio community in
western Guyana—a remote village.
With leadership centred on sustainable development and community empowerment, Hastings employs his professional experience to strengthen local institutions, improve territorial governance, build organisational partnerships, and foster youth engagement for an inclusive and participatory development trajectory.
Hastings is also an executive member of the National Toshaos Council, a Cultural Adviser to the Nine Nations Youth Group, and the Programme Coordinator for the Upper Mazaruni District Council.
He is a very capable person who is skilled in multi-tasking, due to his position and the numerous ventures he is involved in.
Hastings is also a digital content creator for social media and his Facebook page is a source of general information about his com-
munity.
This village leader is the co-owner and designer of Lethem Exclusive Apparel, a local clothing store and is a very active person in the village, championing community-based development, ways to enhance the lives of locals and providing stable jobs for young people.
The 30-year-old told Pepperpot Magazine that he was elected Toshao last April. So far, it’s a mix of a bit of everything—with both challenges and a learning process for him at the same time.
He reported that there is a lot to do for the community, and during his ten-
ure—which amounts to three years—he hopes some of the projects will be completed. Nevertheless, he will be there to see them through. Hastings, a very flamboyant individual whose style sets him apart from others, has the ideal qualities that make him a people per-
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Inside Single Fatherhood
Navigating the highs and lows of a single father raising two girls on his own
By Shaniya Harding
WHEN 48-year-old Tito George became a father to a happy baby girl 15 years ago, he said it was one of the most exciting days of his life. A proud father for the third time, Tito was over the moon when his daughter Angel was born and even more elated by the birth of his second daughter, Odessa, just four years later. But when he and his wife separated—when the girls wer e just one and five years old—Tito stepped up to the challenge of being a single father.
In the earlier years, he says, things were blissful, although the last decade has brought its fair share of trials. Today, with his daughters, 11-year-old Odessa and 15-year-old Angel, Tito says he’s navigating new waters as they grow older. However, with the support of friends and family, he is proud of the strides he has made as a father, teaching them as many vital life lessons as possible. The next step, he says, is to ensure his girls finish school, receive a solid education and live a life better than he did.
A Tough Start: Lessons from His Own Upbringing
Born and raised in Meadowbrook, Region Four, Tito’s passion for family didn’t happen by chance. Raised as the third child in a family of 13 by a single mother, he developed a strong understanding of commitment and responsibility from an early age. Recounting those years, Tito shared, “My father died when I was five years old. And the older ones, my brothers—as they got older and got wives—they moved away. So, at a young age, I started being on my own. It was not easy and my mother... she had it very tough,” he said.
Although young Tito witnessed his mother's tireless efforts, he also saw the profound impact her sacrifices had on him and his siblings. “It was hard for my mother. But we did not come out so bad. We
don’t steal or interfere with people. My mother always taught us to live in love,” he added.
STEPPING UP: NAVIGATING SINGLE FATHERHOOD
Tito’s journey into single fatherhood is a unique one. When the girls were young, marital differences led to separation from his wife. With their mother having a demanding job, Tito took full responsibility for raising the girls. In his interview with Pepperpot Magazine, he recounted the moment he decided to raise his daughters entirely on his own: “I wanted to be there for my daughters. Most of the time, I did everything for them, even when they were small. And eventually, I was looking after them all by myself.”
Still, he acknowledged that although they separated, both he and the girls m aintained a good relationship with their mother.
“Their mother still has input in looking after them, and there is still a good relationship between them and their mother,” he said. Being a committed single father was—and still
spend meaningful time with his children still. In the midst of long days, he ensured they were equipped with life skills—skills he believes will help them grow into independent young women, capable of caring for themselves. “I teach them to do things for themselves because I think it’s important. I teach them to cook, clean, and take care of themselves. And the most important thing I want them to do is take in their education,” he said.
Still their dad: Advice, faith, and the teenage years Now, as the girls move deeper into their teenage years, Tito says the challenges have evolved. Childhood scrapes and tantrums have given way to more complex issues. However,
he says, this is where family support and the ongoing p resence of their mother help keep things balanced. “As they get older, it's very different. When they were small, it was easier. But now, it's different. I just continue doing the same things. They know how to take care of themselves, and they have aunts, and their mother too.”
Reflecting on the weight of fatherhood, Tito said honestly, “Raising girl children is hard, it's not an easy challenge. From my experience, you've got to have a lot of faith and a lot of patience. And you've got to keep a lot of eyes on them.”
His message to other fathers is simple: persistence. “No matter what it is, don't gi ve up. Challenges will
come. Even in your own home you will face things. But they’re your blood. You've got them. Don't let anybody stray away from you. Your children—nobody can love your children like how you love your children.”
And with Father’s Day upon us, Tito and his family serve as a timely reminder of the silent strength, unwavering commitment, and unc onditional love that fathers like him pour into their children daily. “No matter how big they get, it’s still your baby,” he shared—a common mantra for any father. And for Tito George, that love and leadership will continue—this Father’s Day, and every day after
is—filled with ups and downs. For Tito, there was a major learning curve. Although he had some parenting experience from his two older children, caring full time for two young girls was a whole new ball game. “Learning to look after two small children was not too hard, but it was difficult in the sense that I was alone doing it. I had the other two children before, so I had the experience,” he said.
That prior experience helped, but it didn’t prepare him for everything. Ba lancing work, school runs, and spending time with his daughters proved to be more demanding than he had anticipated. Describing a typical morning in the George household, Tito shared, “Some days we get up around 4 or 5 o'clock. Because we had to come out of town, we had to leave early before the traffic. I had to go to work and I had to get them to school. So, they used to leave at the same time as me, and they didn’t come back up until the afternoon with me,” he said.
Though hectic, Tito made it his mission to
Tito George, father of four, has been raising his two youngest daughters on his own (Delano Williams photos)
Tito walks his daughters to school, a daily routine for over a decade (Delano Williams photo)
A force in local real estate
Realtor reflects on 30 years of commitment
By Michel Outridge
VISHNU Kadar, a solo real estate agent in Guyana, has been in the business for over 30 years, managing Vish Realty from his residence, which also serves as his office.
The 72-year-old told Pepperpot Magazine that as a father of three, he operates his small business alone, just as he has for all this time—managing quite efficiently that way.
He has been advertising his business, which he began in the 1980s, in the Guyana Chronicle for a long time and, over the years, has established a reputation for himself in the local real estate industry.
Kadar added that at that time, many people were migrating and the real estate business was booming, making it a lucrative endeavour. He took a chance on it and it was successful.
He explained that over time, he was often recommended by others and his business grew. Kadar added that he is originally from Mora Creek, Mahaicony Creek—a village he left more than 45 years ago to seek a better life. He wanted a stable job.
The real estate agent stated that he became a top salesman at an insurance company where he worked for five years, and it was there he received his training.
Kadar added that he also worked at another insurance company for three years before he branched off to become self-employed as a real estate agent in Guyana.
He had an office on Waterloo Street in Georgetown, but closed it after returning from a trip abroad, years ago.
The businessman told Pepperpot Magazine that he enjoys meeting people as a real estate agent, sharing and exchanging views on property sales, among other things. It is an attractive business where you can earn back what you invested.
“In this business you have to operate honestly and tell people whether they are getting a
good deal or not, and also ensure they are not “scammed” with fake documents for properties that do not belong to the seller. It is also a dicey business with shady players, so you have to be in the know all the time,” he said.
Kadar, as an experienced professional in the real estate business, has amassed a large number
to the trade
of clients over the years. He also advertises his business in the newspaper, and people are often referred to him by others he has done business with.
He said property values have increased significantly in recent times and it also depends on the area where the property is located. Altogether, the business is competitive, as is.
The senior citizen related that buying and selling houses and properties is an around-the-clock job, which entails a lot of paperwork and ‘running around’ to the relevant agencies to verify documents and so on.
Although he has never been caught up in any fraudulent transactions in the real estate business, he reported that there are a lot of fakes out there and advised persons to be wary of them.
Kadar stated that he advises his clients to make the best real estate purchases, and for that, he has earned the recognition he deserves as a legitimate businessman who does things by the book.
Being in the business for so long, he is very knowledgeable about current house and property prices and knows when to make a sale and how to conduct credible business.
Kadar, the owner of Vish Realty, said he has a high-level clientele and is well respected in the real estate business as a credible person among his peers, some of whom have long since passed away.
Even though he has had some health issues, the elder businessman added that he takes care of himself to stay healthy and motivated as a self-starter.
He has only one kidney, is diabetic, has high blood pressure and is a cancer survivor.
Kadar is also employed as a company secretary with a local mining firm and receives a salary from this job.
As a busy person, he has learned how to cope with the demands of his two jobs and still finds time for himself.
Vishnu Kadar of Vish Realty
Breaking Barriers with Bold Flavours
Highlighting the journeys of two Guyanese women entrepreneurs and their unique businesses
By Shaniya Harding
IN a country where the entrepreneurial landscape continues to evolve, women are pushing boundaries and transforming their passions into innovative businesses that address real-world needs. Two such women are Jennie Charran and Itisha Primo, founders of J’s Cocktails and Flavour Me respectively. Their businesses, both of which strive to offer Guyanese authenticity and convenience, are inspiring. Speaking to Pepperpot Magazine at a recent expo, the women discussed the innovation behind their businesses, the challenges they have faced in spearheading their ambitious ventures, and their hopes for women in the fast-paced world of business and entrepreneurship.
THE WOMEN AND THEIR BUSINESSES
Jennie Charran, the founder of J’s Cocktails, turned her love for margaritas into a thriving pouched cocktail business. A seasoned professional in administrative work, Jennie found herself unemployed during the COVID-19 pandemic after the company she had worked at closed its doors.
“Even though I'm qualified in the admin field, I couldn't actually find a job that suits me,” she recalled. Out of this uncertainty came inspiration. Tired of not finding cocktails she truly enjoyed when dining out, Jennie decided to craft her own.
Today, her line of cocktails includes vibrant flavours like Margarita Blue, Strawberry Daiquiri, Mango Daiquiri, Mojito, and Piña Colada, all carefully curated
with a balance of mixology knowledge and vibrant tropical taste. Flavours like the Margarita Blue are a favourite among her customers, as “It’s not just a taste, the colour catches the eye of people always,” she said, sharing her inspiration behind her most popular product.
On the other hand, Itisha Primo’s journey into the business world began in 2019 with the launch of Flavour Me, a line of versatile, ready-to-use seasoning products designed for busy families and professionals. A former supervisor at a fastfood chain, Itisha sought to find something more fulfilling. Her garlic pastes, pickles, and the popular Garlic Chilli Oil quickly gained traction for their practicality and unique taste. “Our products are versatile, not just for cooking. You can mix it
up in many ways and use it how you want,” Itisha shared. Both women, driven by purpose, crafted products that not only filled a gap in the market but also allowed them to bring something personal to the table.
THE JOURNEY TO GROWTH
While different motivations sparked their businesses, their paths share similarities. Both started small, operating from home and slowly expanding as interest in their products grew. For Jennie, getting certified to place her cocktail pouches in supermarkets was a lengthy process, but the spark of a successful business she believed in kept her motivated. “I started from home in 2022 and then I said, you know, I can put my product in the supermarket,” she said. However, the certification process
HURDLES FACED AS WOMEN
Despite their accomplishments, both Jennie and Itisha shared that there are in fact
with the Food and Drug Department proved more challenging than she anticipated. “They treat you like a big business and demand a lot of things back and forth. That was another thing too. And that’s what kind of discouraged you. But I persisted,” she stated. Itisha also faced challenges when re-launching Flavour Me in 2021. Despite early success, re-establishing the business after it struggled in its early years was tough. However, her persistence paid off. “I ended up going into 11 supermarkets. And the response has been tremendous,” she shared. The game-changer for the business was Itisha’s ability to experiment and create new flavours, including products she developed from scratch, which helped her stand out in a growing market.
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Jennie Charran, founder of J’s Cocktails (Yohan Savory photo)
Tired of not finding cocktails she truly enjoyed when dining out, Jennie Charran decided to craft her own. Today, her line of cocktails includes vibrant flavours like Margarita Blue, Strawberry Daiquiri, Mango Daiquiri, Mojito, and Piña Colada—all carefully curated with a balance of mixology knowledge and vibrant tropical taste (Yohan Savory photo)
Linden Locs Fest Returns Bigger and Bolder in 2025
Culture, creativity, and community take centre stage on June 29
By Shaniya Harding
WHAT comes to mind when you think of locs? For many people, it’s the Rastafarian culture and veganism, and, perhaps for some, it has a few negative connotations. But cosmetologist and entrepreneur Setra Oselmo has been working to highlight the vibrancy that lies within the culture as the curator of Locs
coming out to support and be a part of the cultur e. This year, Setra says, as the event returns on June 29 with a variety of new additions, it adds an extra layer to the event that celebrates culture, creativity, and being your authentic self.
The woman behind Locs Fest, as it is known, is as inspiring as the event she created. After a trag -
oneer, paving the way for others and creating a celebration for her culture—Rastafarianism. Speaking about the creation of the event she shared, “I am the creator of Locs Fest. I've been doing that since 2023. I started it because there's not any holiday that celebrates the culture. I wanted to create something to sensitise and celebrate Rastafarians and persons with locs. Not ev-
But Locs Fest is more than a celebration; the event also serves as a vital sensitisation campaign. As Setra shared during her interview with Pepperpot Magazine, Locs Fest serves as a catalyst for the issues Setra sees within the Rastafarian community. "I utilise the opportunity to sensitise for this specific hair type while countering is sues in the community. You
More than just style and spectacle, Locs Fest also offers substance. Through its discussion panels, the event opens up space for real conversations about the Rastafarian community
Fest. Started in 2023, the Linden Locs Festival has become a highly anticipated event on Guyana’s calendar, with both those with and without locs
ic accident left Setra paralys ed, she found herself and her sense of creativity in cosmetology. But seeking to break new ground, she set out to become a pi-
erybody that wears locs is Rastafarian, and not everybody that wears locs is vegan," she said. CULTURE, VIBRANCY AND CREATIVITY
find that there's a lot of persons with high blood pressure, blood sugar, cholesterol issues, cancer. From research, it's shown that the way we eat contributes to
the way our health deteriorates." She added that staying true to its theme of acceptance, attendees of the event’s cooking competition don’t have to be vegan—just the prepared dish has to be.
A lthough recent times have seen increased cohesion and reduced stigma among Guyanese, Setra notes that some negative stereotypes persist regarding individuals wh o wear locs. Locs Fest aims to change these negative ideas and combat them by highlighting the beauty
and creativity that come with having locs. "We want to conquer the stereotype against locs. There is still stereotyping going on, but it's not as prevalent as before. We have a few talks on how persons can maintain their locs, what are the best products to use, and the better methods for their hair type. Every hair type can lock, but you would have to use a different method to get that done," she shared.
OPPORTUNITY FOR
ENTREPRENEURS
Setra Oselmo has been working to highlight the vibrancy that lies within the culture as the curator of Locs Fest
Championing the cause of...
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son and his vested interest lies in community development.
He emphasised that the focus must be on empowering people to enhance eco-empowerment, as the cost of living has increased, making every dollar and earning opportunity crucial. In that part of Guyana, there are few job opportunities to earn a reasonable income, unlike in the city.
The village leader stated that there is small-scale mining and farming in Kako Village, and they have the basic facilities—some of which can be improved.
Hastings disclosed that they have made significant progress and achieved notable strides in local agricultural development in various areas, aiming to enhance livelihoods, but this progress needs to be sustained for
long-term benefits.
The Toshao added that they have the Village Hall in central Kako—a space where 10 local vendors can sell their produce, arts and craft, among other things to sustain themselves and their families.
Hastings said that financial support in the form of loans and grants, is being explored to help villagers start small businesses. A drying facility is also in the pipeline, where on-theground processing will take place for its locally produced fruits and vegetables, which include an abundance of tangerines.
He noted that being a young Toshao is very time-consuming, but it is the potential of the community that keeps him motivated and driven.
As a native of the remote village located in Region
Seven (Cuyuni-Mazaruni), his interest lies in community-based projects and initiatives that benefit and provide o pportunities for locals to earn a living.
Hastings said they are in the process of drafting and developing village rules for institutional buildings, which is a priority for the village to improve governance and also for capacity building at the Village Council level. If needed, a request will be made to the current administration and other agencies.
He pointed out that, as a mining village, they will develop a more comprehensive environmental management plan, and the Guyana Geology and Mines Commission (GGMC) is assisting in this regard.
As the only son in a family of three siblings, Hastings said he has great support from his home circle, the community and others, and he feels confident that he will bring about change and provide the people with what they need during his tenure as Toshao.
Hastings, better known as Kapohn on social media—which translates to “sky people” as part of their collective Indigenous identity—has adopted this name. Kapohn also means “native,” essentially, and it gives him a sense of self-awareness. Having both Akawaio and Arecuna ancestry, he identifies himsel f as primarily Indigenous.
Toshao Romario Hastings poses with locals in front of the Kako Village Council office
Kako Village
Linden Locs Fest...
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But what does Locs Fest actually look like? In many ways, it’s like any other cultural celebration: music, fashion, food, and fun—but with its own distinctive soul. One of the bi ggest highlights is the showcase of bold and brilliant loc designs. Setra says this year will be no different, with loc-ticians a nd stylists already signed up to bring their creativity to the stage. "We're showcasing the locticians that we have available. Those who register can showcase their work on stage. You can also participate in the ‘Whip That Locs’ competition. You're styling your most creative style within an
hour or less and walk away with the prize,” she explained. Locs Fest also creates space for fashion designers to stand out. In an era when online shopping often results in cookie-cutter fashion, the festival provides local designers with a rare and vital platform to shine.
“Sometimes you find persons wearing the same outfit. This is a way of giving our local people work,” Setra added. For Setra, it’s all part of a deeper mission, one that encourages people to be bold in their pursuits. "I believe in having your own business and creating something for yourself. Come out, showcase your work, share what you serve the community.
That’s how you build networking, relationships, and a stronger community," she said.
MORE THAN STYLE AND SPECTACLE
More than just style and spectacle, Locs Fest also offers substance. Through its discussion panels, the event creates an opportunity for genuine conversations about the Rastafarian community and beyond. This year’s panel follows the theme ‘Return of the K ing and Queen,’ an intentional call to focus on strengthening family bonds. “We want to discuss issues and ways to bring back the family. Once you have a great family bond, you have a better way of living,” Se-
On June 29, culture, creativity, and community take centre stage in a celebration of locs and self-expression
tra shared. "We're urging persons attending to come up with questions, come early, ask. T hat’s the only way you can get answers,” she added.
In true Locs Fest fashion, celebration meets community recognition through the anticipated ‘Gift of Locs’; an aspect where attendees are awarded for everything from the shortest to the longest locs. It’s all crowd-judged and all about appreciation. This year, the celebration is expanding with the introduction of the ‘Royal Couple’s Chal-
lenge’, a fun, three-part competition open to all couples—not just those with locs. “There are three challenges you have to pass to get the real prize,” Setra shared.
For those eager to attend or participate, tickets are available at the gate for $2,000, with today (June 15) being the last day for registration for vendors. But even if you’re not competing, there’s still room for you. “If you want to showcase your talent—painting, singing, dancing—we are open to having per-
sons showcase their talent. That’s what Locs Fest is about: showcasing.” And while the logistics and planning underway are demanding, f or Setra, the true reward lies in seeing people stand a little taller, feel a little f reer. “One of my greatest wishes for the people at Locs Fest is to look at life as a whole and feel very accomplished, feel safe, mingle with other persons like themselves. I think things like that really make me happy.”
INTEGRATING THE REALITIES OF RELATIVE WORLD HISTORY INTO OUR STREAM OF AWARENESS
JUNE 6, 1944, the invasion of Nazi-held Europe was thus challenged. That colonial and Afro-American troops fought there in the Air Force and in the infantry is recorded in numerous books authored by Caribbean as well as North American servicemen, that can be traced. The importance of what some folk addressed as a ‘White People’s war’ revolved around v alues that were affecting our perceptions of self then and even beyond that struggle.
The Caribbean is listed as one of the most contested areas during the colonial period. What occurred in the Second World War is far more pertinent to our understanding than we are prepared
to explore. WW2 enveloped Russia in a significant way.
D-Day was suspected of being launched despite unfavourable weather patterns over the English Channel to the beachheads of occupied France because of the pace that the Russian assault was making towards freeing Nazi-occupied Eastern European countries after the defeat of the Nazi onslaught of Stalingrad. Most of all, the Russian assault following the defeat of the Nazi fortress city of Königsberg would even witness the Russian army in Paris, as liberators.
To most of us, our references of that period revolve around later Hollywood movies such as D-Day and the Battle of the Bulge.
The aftermath of World
War 2 ushered in the era of colonial defiance, the age of the British Commonwealth and the rise of Russia and China as ideological nations, tabling a new ideal of national identity for countries shedding the past orders of colonial governance, with new battlegrounds. Nations, however, weighed the new ideals and the concept of non-alignment became a choice, based on the cultural ideals of nationhood and harsh economic geo-political impositions directed at the new, independent nations— including ours.
World War 2 is a world event that reshaped the human world in many ways that we can’t escape reflecting on, if we are to be wiser with the “NOW.”
Do I extract?
AT the turn of the last century, Dr. George Black, a pioneer dentist, laid down his principle of preparing a cavity in a tooth before filling material is placed in it. This forms the basis for not extracting an offending tooth but rather, saving it. Although empirical and untested in the field, these principles undoubtedly catalysed the significant growth in restorative dentistry that has occurred. Today, thanks to the work of Dr. Black, amalgam (silver) fillings remain the most commonly performed restorative procedure, although more inert and aesthetically pleasing alternatives are replacing them. Part of his contribution involved the tendency for
dentists to restore teeth with small carious lesions and even to remove parts of teeth and restore them as a preventive measure in the absence of caries. It is known that diseases involving the teeth and gums have afflicted mankind since the beginning of recorded history. As society has developed with advancing scientific knowledge, the preva -
lence of tooth decay (caries) and periodontal disease has increased in most parts of the world. One can easily recognise that the consumption of more foods containing refined sugars, as is the case in so-called developed countries, is a major cause of the decline in oral health over the years. Another important reason is that people generally are too
passive when it comes to adopting the principles of prevention. Apart from that, the great majority of people who have received some form of dental restoration or appliance are unaware of the inherent limitations.
The prevailing belief is that after failing to preserve healthy teeth, one can rarely rely on modern dental procedures to reverse the effects of neglect. However, it is indeed a fatal mistake to expect that oral rehabilitation, however sophisticated, can effectively solve one’s dental problems and that caries can be treated solely with fillings, thereby assuming that such treatment automatically results in oral health.
Before and after executing a procedure on a patient, many dentists are guilty of not explaining the potential disadvantages involved. Filling material itself is imperfect. For example, in a normal, healthy adult, the force directed at certain parts of a tooth during the process of chewing can exceed 40,000 pounds per square inch. No dental cement or resin is capable of withstanding more than fifteen percent of that. In addition, when a tooth has been filled, its chances of further decay become ten times as great as the one whose enamel is intact.
In other words, teeth with fillings need ten times more brushing and flossing than teeth without fillings or caries. This
is because the material-tissue interface (where bacteria may penetrate) immensely increases the tooth’s vulnerability to decay. Root canal therapy always involves the re moval of the tooth’s nerves and blood vessels, effectively killing that tooth. In the same manner that infection by Mycobacterium leprae destroys the nerves in the fingers and toes of a Hansen’s disease (leprosy) victim, causing them to disfigure and deteriorate, extirpation of the pulp ultimately results in the absorption of the dead root.
Patients must fully acknowledge the numerous constraints associated with dental treatment. Although technology and clinical skills progressively provide a compromise, in the final analysis, the cure for dental ailments lies in changing lifestyles. Initially, there must be enough motivation to lead to the development of a preventative attitude, rather than relying on the dentist to substitute for your God-given attributes with man-made implements. If, however, there are limitations in your individual circumstances due to various, filled, or missing teeth, then make a special effort to prevent that from happening to the young and innocent with whom you associate or have control.
Breaking Barriers with...
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some gender-specific challenges in the field of business. “When they see the product and they see a woman doing it, and they say, ‘Oh, you made this?’ It’s like if a woman can’t make a cocktail,” Jennie shared. She recounted how local supermarkets were initially hesitant to stock her products until Massy gave her a chance. Since then, Jennie has gotten her product onto the shelves of three Massy locations.
Similarly, Itisha expressed frustration over the inequality in accessing financial support. “With finance, I think men tend to get it more quickly than women. People have more faith in men actually doing the work.” She described the process of finding markets as “the hardest part,” emphasising how women have to work “ten times harder” to achieve the same success.
Both entrepreneurs found themselves in spaces where they had to constantly prove their worth. In the cocktail industry, often perceived as a male domain, Jennie had to battle stereotypes. “Guyanese people have this kind of thing that drinks and alcohol go with men. I don’t know why,” she said. For Itisha, it was about being taken seriously as a woman innovator in food processing. Yet, nei-
ther of them allowed these barriers to stop their progress. LOOKING FORWARD
Both Jennie and Itisha have big dreams for their businesses. Jennie continues to perfect her cocktail recipes and expand her reach. Moreover, Itisha plans to grow Flavour Me beyond supermarkets. “We’re also trying to get into restaurants and catering services, different categories of Flavour Me,” she said. Her vision for expansion is bold but grounded in the belief that Guyana holds opportunities for small business owners, especially those willing to bring something new to the table.
Entrepreneurs like Jennie Charran and Itisha Primo are more than business success stories—they are the growing businesses that move Guyana’s economy forward. From cocktail pouches to garlic pastes, these women are demonstrating that passion, when
Itisha Primo, founder of Flavour Me (Yohan Savory photo)
Developed by young entrepreneur
Itisha Primo, Flavour Me is a line of versatile, ready-to-use seasoning products designed for busy families and professionals (Yohan Savory photo)
Hate speech should not be protected under free speech
GUYANA’S general election is set for later this year, and around that time, people tend to be quite expressive and opinionated. As a result, most conversations, debates, and discussions about the elections are happening online, and I’m sure many of you have seen them. Guyana is a democratic country, and as citizens, we all have the right to freedom of speech. This widely celebrated concept is recognised as a right, allowing us to express our ideologies, beliefs, and values without consequences or prejudice. However, what happens when freedom of speech becomes dehumanising, hateful, and harmful?
Free speech is often used as a weapon to justify harmful beliefs or shie ld individuals from
consequences. However, it’s essential to examine the thin line between free speech and hate speech. If we don’t closely examine the context in which things are discussed, we can fall short in our definitions. For example, we can freely express our disagreement or disappointment with certain regulations or laws in our country, but when we use derogatory or hateful language to do so, it becomes dangerous and is not in alignment with what free speech should be.
Many people use the phrase “I am entitled to my opinion” as a shield of protection. I often see this online, in comment sections where people express their opinions on some issues but then degrade or disrespect others in the process. These comments are often followed by phrases
like “I am entitled to my opinion,” “In my opinion,” “We can agree to disagree,” or “I am expressing free speech.” The issue is that certain opinions and views are discriminatory to oth-
ers and their fundamental rights, but people often use the “free speech” shield to c reate division and hate still.
I am sure, in all of your years of utilising social
media, you came across a comment section or statuses and reels from certain content creators that are discriminatory, misogynistic, xenophobic, racist, hateful, and insensitive.
Unfortunately, many times, these creators are creative in their writing or use of social media in a way where the algorithm cannot detect it as hate speech. At the same time, the use of social media can spread these harmful opinions to millions of users daily. Unfortunately, hate speech can breach the walls of the internet and make it into physical spaces. When it’s excessive, people can act upon what was said and violence ensues. In Guyana, we’ve seen what happens when people extend hate speech into real-life action. It often results in violence towards specific social groups. In some countries, hate speech leads to war and even genocide. As much as we’re all protected by our human rights, we must also acknowledge our responsibilities. People often forget that with rights come responsibilities, which means we still have to obey laws and policies and respect the rights of others as human beings. Our rights should not infringe upon the rights of others. Unfortunately, there is no standard or rule book that outlines what hate speech is. As citizens, when we see others disseminating discrimination or hate, I urge you all to report statuses and posts on social media. On apps such as Facebook and Instagram, you can report hate speech, and that content can be removed or censored. It is my hope that the relevant authorities create protective policies against hate speech and establish clear and concise guidelines for its repercussions. Hate speech should not be mistaken for free speech, and people should not be left without consequences due to a misconception. Free speech should be used to liberate and uplift—not harm and hurt.
The meaning of self-expression
THE suppression of uniqueness has characterised periods in history. Some of these periods were truly dark in the fact that anyone who did not look a certain way was persecuted and discriminated against. There have also been less intense periods of oppression, during which societal facets such as fashion, science, music, and art left no room for diversity and freedom of expression. Everything was expected to be done within a specific set of rules, and their societies shunned those who stepped outside of these rules. Today, we celebrate the genius of artists, musicians, and scientists who were criticised during their time for pr oposing thoughts and ideas that simply did not fall within the box intended to define them.
Generation Z is unique from past generations in the fact that it encourages and accepts complete freedom of expression. Even those who have extremely polarising views and those who express themselves in extraordinary
ways have a space and platform in our generation. Most people are free to explore the limits of their own identities without being chastised for their choices, while also being able to converse and discuss their experiences with others. This freedom has eliminated unfair obstacles that limited those who wish to excel in new fields, but it has also raised new questions. It is truly extraordinary that the youngest members of our world can grow up in a place where self-expression is a natural part of their lives, rather than something they need to fight for. However, we must also begin to explore this new development and attempt to seek answers for the questions that now arise. For instance, now that we have developed to a stage where we can truly express ourselves without the fear of being suppressed or discriminated against, we are beginning to wonder, what exactly is the point of self-expression? Is it to differentiate ourselves from each other? Is it to create a space for ourselves to be who we tru-
ly are? Additionally, does self-expression really matter if we end up blending in with everyone else, even when we are in our truest forms?
We are beginning to realise that we are a lot like snowflakes! There are no two snowflakes that are exactly alike, as the path that they take to the ground results in the formation of unique patterns. Yet, when they do settle on the ground or on the trees, their uniqueness disappears and all we perceive is a large, white blanket of snow. It is true that every snowflake is unique, and if we stop to examine each one, we may be amazed by how differently beautiful they are. However, the truth is that their uniqueness is too minute to perceive in a single glance or from a distance.
Similarly, every human being is indeed extremely unique. No one in the world shares the exact same experiences and perceptions as anyone else. Even identical twins who share the same DNA are often quite different from each other! Nevertheless, unless one stops to meet ev-
ery person they come across and unravel the intricacies of their personality, it is unlikely that we will ever fully know how uniquely beautiful every individual is. In the perception of others, we all blend into a homogeneous blanket of strangers. We are seen to exist and influence the world in our own ways, but we are rarely perceived as separate individuals, much like the snowflakes that blend into a plain sheet of snow.
This feeling can be quite
lonely, as it creates the effect of being completely unseen even when we are in our truest form. Even when we express ourselves, we may not end up being very unique.
It is at this point that two crucial facts can comfort us: firstly, integration is part of individualism, and secondly, the entire point of individualism is to be your truest self, regardless of how society views us. Our individual identity is also shaped by the relationships
we have with others, and it is not just about who we are. This means that blending in with a group of people can actually be an advantage in helping us define our identities more clearly. Most importantly, we must always remember that regardless of whether we are viewed as unique or completely mundane, this should not affect how we express ourselves. After all, this is what the meaning of self-expression is!
Coming Home to You, Dad
THE drive from the airport, miles upon miles into the countryside past lush green landscapes, expansive rice fields and coconut, was a scenic experience pleasing to the young man returning from overseas. As he neared his old home, his heart raced with feelings of uncertainty, for it had been such a long time. David got out as
believably neat and wellkept. He looked around for some little thing that could refresh his memory, for he hadn’t much to begin with.
Then he saw his name, carved into the trunk of the mango tree and he smiled. “Yeah, now that’s something.”
“Hey—” David said, not sure what else to say.
asked.
“Yeah, had to learn or starve,” the old man said, taking a swig from the quarter bottle of El Dorado white rum on the small table.
“And still with that too?”
the car stopped at a back street in the settlement and looked at the modest, unpainted house, s tanding amongst the fruit trees and flowering plants, somewhat lonely. He took a deep breath, closing his eyes for a short moment, and he said quietly to himself, “Welcome home, David.”
It had been twenty years since he had left, as an eight-year-old with his mother, younger brother and sister, and today he was returning for the first time.
The wooden gate was unlocked, and he walked in, putting down his bags. No one was there, but the house and yard were un-
“I had lifted you on my shoulders that day so you could reach,” a deep coarse voice said behind him.
The old man looked at the tall, well-built young man, with his mother’s good looks, for a long moment, in serious thought. Then, silently, he picked up one of his bags and said, “Let me show you to your room.”
David followed him up the freshly scrubbed stairs and looked around the
David turned around, almost startled, and looked at the bearded man standing there.
He wasn’t sure who it was and asked a little hesitantly,
“You are…?”
The man gave a little chuckle and shook his head,
“Can’t blame you for not recognising your old man.”
A strange feeling touched his heart, seeing now the man who had been missing from his life for twenty years, who never called or wrote—now a broken old man—his father.
small house, astounded at the tidiness and well-polished furnishings arranged neatly in place.
“Impressive,” he said. “You manage all this on your own?”
“Yeah,” his father mumbled. “Make yourself comfortable while I find something for dinner.”
David threw himself down on the bed, letting the feeling of homecoming sink into him, and he drifted off to sleep. It was close to dusk when he opened his eyes, the delicious aroma of something cooking wafting in the air He went downstairs and saw his father by the stove.
“You can cook?” he
“Yeah,” was the coarse, indifferent answer.
David took a long, refreshing bath with rainwater stored in barrels and then ate a good dinner—a spicy fish curry with green mangoes, tomatoes, and hot pepper. The two men, old and young, sat in silence after dinner, neither k nowing what to say to the other.
David watched his father’s drawn face from the shadows of the lamp’s flickering flames as the old man pulled deeply at the cigarette and took swigs from the rum bottle. His father finally broke the deep silence and asked in a low tone,
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Coming Home to You...
“Why are you here? I don’t have much for you to inherit.”
David smiled wryly.
“I’m an aviation engineer and I have my own house.”
“Good... then you’re here to see if I’m dying, to give me a decent burial?”
“No, I just wanted to see you.”
“Why?”
David didn’t answer, not knowing how to explain to the man sitting in front of him that though he, the son, knew how badly the father had treated his mother and children—the father who had never called to say sorry, to change his life around so
they could come back. He who left his wife alone to struggle to make life good for his children, whose hands he was never there to hold. And even though the stepfather who came into their lives was everything the father wasn’t, the son still felt that something was missing in his life, a part of him he had to find so he could understand why all this had happened.
His father emptied the bottle and got up a bit unsteadily.
“I’ll see you in the morning.”
David watched him go, feeling pity for the man who seemed so lonely, who seemed not to have anything. He sat there in
the semi-darkness until the oil in the lamp burnt low in this place that was once home but where there had been too much pain and suffering.
The next few days were spent on the small farm, the fish pond at the back of the yard, meeting with the neighbours and his father’s drinking buddies who stopped by often.
He al so got bitten by some angry red ants and scratched by sharp thorns—an unforgettable experience while bonding with his father in their country home.
On the morning of Father’s Day, David woke up early, feeling in his heart that it would be a
special day. It was somewhat quiet, and as he opened the door to go downstairs, he stopped and stared, stunned by his father—neat haircut, clean-shaven face, and nicely dressed—a new man.
“Whoa... that’s a big change,” David laughed. After a hearty breakfast, they sat outside on a tree stump table in the shade of the mango tree, and after a while, his father said pensively, “All my friends lost their families; now we’re just a bunc h of old men with nothing much to look forward to.”
“ How did this happen?” David asked.
His father did not answer for a long moment, t hen he sighed and said, “When I married your mother, I was reluctant to give up my greater love of drinks and friends for a family life. I thought I could have had both, but I was so wrong. I knew I hurt her a lot with my
selfishness and uncaring attitude; I wanted everything from her but was unwilling to give of myself. Ten years after she took the three of you and left, I woke up one morning, looking around for my family, but I found an empty house and vacant chairs. I realised then how late I was.”
He paused and lit a cigarette with trembling hands, inhaling deeply, and then he asked his son, “How is your mother?”
“Great. She doesn’t work anymore. I’m taking care of her now.”
“She did a great job all on her own. I’ve been living for the day when I could see all of you, just for once, to say how sorry I am for pushing my family away. I made the wrong choice.”
His voice broke a little and he took a long drink to regain his composure.
He looked at David and said, “Son, I need you to understand it will not make you less of a man to
love, to care, and to embrace your responsibilities to home and family. It makes you a bigger man to do so.”
David smiled, happy that his father understood his wrongs and h ad corrected his ways even though he was now alone. Handing him a nicely wrapped gift, he said, “Happy Father’s Day, Dad.”
His father opened the gift slowly, and for a long moment, he stared at the beautiful, framed picture in his hand of the family he had let go. That was when the tears came and he unashamedly cried, letting out all the years of regret, pain and loneliness.
David got up, embracing him and said, “It’s oka y, Dad, I’ve come home to you.”
It wasn’t too late for the father—there was still time, for there was still a place for him in his children’s hearts.
The Roles of the Husband
THERE is a difference between a man and a husband, as not every man will be a husband. However, every husband must know who he is and be the best husband he is called to be.
Every man seeking a wife must demonstrate certain essential qualities. Those important qualities will caus e women of high quality to be attracted to them, and each man must choose one of these women for his wife. At that point, he is expected to treat her as his companion and
Distinguishing a Man from a Husband
the person with whom he will spend his future.
Married men must focus on their wives and avoid activities that could disrupt their marriage. In addition, when men are married, they may not be able to spend as much time with their friends, parents, and siblings, as they have to invest more time in their new family.
Some men are afraid that after they get married, they will lose their identity and will no longer do many of the things they once enjoyed. However, when
they marry, men make commitments to be there for their families, so they will have to give up some temporary things to raise a successful family. The success of many families depends on men understanding and fulfilling their roles as fathers.
Many husbands are expected to have the following basic qualities. However, if they do not have all of these qualities, that does not disqualify them from being husbands. Some men were trained by parents who had not learned these qualities
themselves. Therefore, some men will not embrace or practise these b asic qualities. Other men possess more than
these basic qualities when they get married.
It is expected that husbands will be gentle to their wives. They
must treat their wives as an important resource in their marriages. A husband
must let his
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The Roles of the...
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wife know that she is the queen in the marriage and that he is delighted to have her in his life. She must have that assurance that her husband, her king, is looking after her interests and that he is in love with her alone.
A husband must treat his wife with kindness and respect. She must never be treated as inferior or taken for granted in the marriage. He will make her feel great, just like he wants to feel great. Every marriage will have challenges. Not every husband will be
able to adequately and independently address every problem that arises. Nevertheless, he must not run away from challenges. He must show his wife that he will stand up for the family, and even when many things are not working the way the family expects, he
will be there to work through those difficult challenges.
When husbands avoid challenges, they make their wives vulnerable. Some wives wi ll look for other men who can stand up against challenges and be there for the family. This situation may lead to a divorce because the wife needs a husband who is not afraid of challenges. Every marriage will go through many trials, but those trials often make the marriage stronger and cause both people to work as a team to succeed.
Every husband must have love for his family. He must love his wife and their children, and he is also expected to love his extended family. When some men marry, they are often focused solely on their wives and forget their in-laws, but they must also love their wives’ families and provide great support whenever the need arises.
THE HUSBAND’S MAIN ROLES
Some men are afraid to get married because of the responsibilities that come with being a husband. However, men must be willing to take on challenges, as they are expected to be leaders. When husbands are afraid to provide leadership to their families, they may cause other family members to take on the roles that husbands are expected to do.
The entire family may be depressed, but husbands must motivate them to fulfill their dreams and march towards their goals. Wives need the support
of their husbands on many occasions. Therefore, husbands, be the best supporter that your wife needs.
Provider and protector are other roles that husbands are expected to fulfill. Even if a husband is not the primary provider in his home, he must contribute to the success of his fa mily. As protectors, husbands must keep their wives and children safe.
It is not guaranteed that all husbands will talk as much as their wives. However, husbands must still be effective in verbal and non-verba l communication with their wives.
Husbands are expected to participate i n giving advice and to have a strategy for their family. First, they must consider where they would like their family to be in the next five to ten years. Then, based on the strategic direction, husbands may have to make a significant investment for their family.
Wives often love it when their husbands contribute to domestic activities. Children sometimes love to seek out their fathers to cook for them, clean the house, or shop for groceries. Husbands must know where to find the kitchen utensils and how to prepare their family’s favourite meals.
Husbands are not expected to know everything about their wives, but they should spend some time studying with them. Once they know more about their spouses, they must take steps to bring joy into the marriage. Every wife wants to know
that she has a husband who is her lover alone. Therefore, he must respect her in both private and public places.
After giving birth to children, some wives may lose some of the physical beauty they had when they entered the marriage. However, there is hope, as their husbands can help them maintain their health and stay in shape. Together, they can both arrange to eat healthy meals and to exercise. As they exercise, they may be able to reduce extra weight.
Wives love to be celebrated. Therefore, husbands, honour your wives. Look for every possible occasion to celebrate her. Let her know that she is the only woman in your life and that you are willing to give your time, money, and effort to celebrate the queen of your life.
CELEBRATING HUSBANDS
Celebrating husbands is an essential t hing to do. Children and wives cannot achieve the roles that husbands perform. Therefore, every husband must be celebrated.
Wives must encourage their children to make their fathers feel special on a regular basis. No wife should be ashamed to celebrate her husband since she loves him and leaves no room for other women to capture his interest.
Husbands’ birthdays may be an excellent time to celebrate t hem. On a couple’s wedding anniversary, the husband must be celebrated alongside his wife.
STUDY SUCCESS
Welcome dear reading friend. Today we continue to look at active study combined with seeking needed assistance. In addition to last week’s posting, active study engages you, the student, with revisiting study material at increasing intervals to reinforce learning and combat forgetting. And, seeking as-
sistance requires your acquaintance with suitably available resources such as teachers, study groups, or online forums for help with your specific problems. Combine the approaches given so far to significantly enhance your study. Be wise.
Love you.
GRAMMAR
Punctuation of literary
discourse
Note: We really regret the mistake in last week’s heading, where ‘discursive passage’ appeared instead of ‘literary discourse’ upon which we were dwelling and still are. Discourse is called dialogue and is an exchange of spoken words between two or more figures in “a wide range of creative and imaginative writing in-
June 15, 2025
cluding fictional works like novels, short stories, poetry and plays” say two sources collectively.
This exchange of thoughts in the narrative is to reveal character, relationships, emotions, and conflicts as they interact either civilly, passively, or aggressively. It also provides the reader with insights into the environments and contexts which the characters inhabit - cultural, and historical - in which they are written and received.
As you practise narrative writing, try using the dialogue tool to enhance your short stories. Habitually present your characters’ spoken thoughts, feelings and emotions in authentic dialogue expressions properly punctuated according to grammar conventions.
What you need to know about your presentation:
i) It should be of authentic expression, properly punctuated and in paragraphs, and
ii) Fitted out with specific signposts that help with clarity of expression, which include in-sentence and end-sentence signals concerning conversation or spoken speech.
(These are the lifted commas used to enclose each utterance.
Utterance can either be complete or incomplete sentences.)
iii) Fit each speaker with a new paragraph.
iv) Fit each paragraph with an indentation.
To reinforce this approach, the punctuation of last week’s passage, which contains dialogue, is presented below. Please pay attention. Check to see how much of it you got right.
When Momma used to tell me about what happened to her, her eyes would get big and burny, like the whole thing happened the day before yesterday instead of all those years ago. She’d start moving around our apartment real quick, picking things up and putting them back in the exact same spot.
“Filth!” she’d say about the hat. “Absolute filth! Why, the thing was positively alive with germs! Who knows what type of people had worn it?”
WORD FOR TODAY
The man who makes no mistakes does not usually make anything. EDWARD JOHN PHELPS (1822-1900) Speech at Mansion House, 24 Jan. 1899
I’d say, “I don’t know, Momma.”
She’d say, “Who knows how many years it had been worn by who knows how many sweaty little heads?”
I’d say, “I don’t know Momma.”
She’d say, “The entire band on the inside was black and I’m sure it was crawling with ringworms, lice, and tetters!”
I’d say, “Yes, Momma.”
She’d say, “And that horrid little photographer didn’t care, do you imagine it ever occurred to him to wash it?”
I’d say, “No, Momma.”
THE PASSAGE
Writing a summary of a given passage
Note: Following is a medium length passage. It has enough information to be summarised in a few concise sentences without losing the main points.
Instruction: Make a good paragraph of it in about 45 words.
“Cities expanded rapidly in the late 19th and early 20th centuries due to the rise of industrialization, drawing people from rural areas in search of factory work. This mass migration led to a surge in population density and the development of new neighbourhoods, but also created significant challenges. Overcrowding, inadequate sanitation, and rising pollution levels strained existing infrastructure and services. Cities needed to build new roads, public transportation systems, water treatment facilities, and schools to accommodate the growing populations and address these issues. The rapid growth also brought about social changes, such as the emergence of distinct working-class neighbourhoods and changes in
social structures.”
THE POEM
Understanding the poem
Note: To understand a poem, you need to start reading it aloud and paying attention to the rhythm and sound of the words; looking at the form, structure, and the author’s use of language; looking at its subject, theme, and the speaker’s perspective among other aspects.
A Time to Talk
When a friend calls to me from the road
And slows his horse to a meaning walk, I don’t stand still and look around
On all the hills I haven’t hoed, And shout from where I am, What is it? No, not as there is a time to talk.
I thrust my hoe in the mellow ground, Blade-end up and five feet tall, And plod: I go up to the stone wall
For a friendly visit.
1. Choose what type of poem this is, in form and structure: sonnet, haiku, free verse. Think of form as referring to the type or genre, and structure as referring to how the poem is organised and arranged within the form.
2. In which line(s) does the poem create emotions in its reader? Explain the emotion and quote the line(s).
3. Give what tone is conveyed in the poem through its language and rhythm. Think of tone as the poet’s attitude toward the subject matter, the audience, or even the poem itself.
4. What is the poem about on a literal level?
5. Who is the speaker of the poem?
6. The poem speaks about hoeing. Guess how far back in history this agricultural practice was prevalent.
7. Paraphrase the poem to understand it more clearly.
