Architectural Documentation in Amritsar, Punjab

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my gratitude to my teachers AR. SHAHEEN SOBTI AND AR. HARPREET SINGH who gave me the opportunity to do this documentation report on any structure around the globe. The project helped me learn how to do proper Research and i learned about many new things while doing the project.

I would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped me to complete this project within the deadline.

A special acknowledgement goes to my fellow mates who helped me in completing the project by exchanging interesting ideas and sharing their experience.

Lastly, I would like to thank each and every person who directly or indirectly helped me in the completion of the project.

ABTRACT

For this project, it was given us to do a documentation report entited to the study analysis of any building/structure around the globe. Due to Covid 19 pandemic, it was suggested to do virtual documentation of any one structure.

This documentation report revolves around a structure named PUNJAB STATE WAR HEROES MEMORIAL AND MUSEUM located in Amritsar, Punjab, India.

The approach of the architect is all modern, yet some basic Sikh

architecture can be seen in pseudo form. Studying historical architecture provides an opportunity to not only the dynamic architectural language and timeless principles of architecture of the past but also the evolution of technology and the Sustainable practices that have been ingrained into the vernacular architectural practices.

Similarly studying contemporary architecture provides an understanding of modern material, design philosophies and planning principles.

The main aim of the project is to analyze and study structures on the basis of their historical background, functionality, structural and aesthetical aspect.

India's architecture is rooted in its history, culture and religion due to which various architectural typologies have emerged. The intention was to study the buildings with their architectural heritage. An attempt has been made to provide an in-depth understanding of the architectural features of buildings constructed in in these architectural styles.

The goal of the project is to assess the cultural heritage of the cities to develop a socially and environmentally sustainable vision for the urban fabric.

A concerned effort to preserve our heritage is a vital link to cultural, educational, aesthetics, inspirational and economic legacies.

Thus, the project employs a leading methodology to study, understand and consequently document various aspects of buildings in order to reflect on its past and produce quality information for future use.

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION:

Introduction to structure and site

typology of structure

Historical signification

Timeline

Cultural Significance

current use.

2. SITE LEVEL:

Location and surroundings: Plan showing site location, its surrounding land use, site orientation, access roads, entry exit points, typology of entrance etc.

Site Plan: Highlighting all built structures, natural features, manmade landscape features, site circulation (both pedestrian and vehicular), site services etc.

Zoning layout.



Built open relationship: To be explained by means of figure ground diagrams and site sections.

3. BUILDING LEVEL

3.1 Understanding Form at building level

a) Entrances

b) Threshold

c) Plan at various levels

d) Plan shape & form

e) Views

f) Z axis analysis /volumetric analysis

Facade treatment

Building heights

Architectural expression

 3.2 Understanding Function at building level

a) Area requirements and programming

b) Zoning & circulation

c) Light & ventilation

d) Shade & shadow

e) Wall to floor ratio

f) Built up area on site

3.3 Understanding Structure at building level

a) Construction Techniques

b) Structure system

c) Planning and Designing Grids

d) Material of construction

4. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS MERITS AND DEMERIT

5. VIRTUAL TOUR ON SITE AS CONCLUSION.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION

1.

INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURE:



The Punjab State War Heroes’ Memorial and Museum, showcases the splendid history of the bravehearts of Punjab.

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The theme of the building revolves around borders and army.

 Constructed at a cost of Rs150 crore and spread on 7 acres on the Amritsar-Attari road, the memorial is divided into eight different galleries or halls charting battle history from the bygone era, depicting the rich Sikh history and various wars.



Gallery 1- Orientation and Antiquity.

 Gallery 2 Guru Hargobind Ji till rise of Sikh Empire.

 Gallery 3- The Sikh Empire and Anglo-Sikh Wars.



Gallery 4 British Rule up to Partition (1846 1947).

 Gallery 5- J&K Ops 1947-48.

 Gallery 6- Indo China War 1962.



Gallery 7 Indo Pak Wars (1965 1971) and OP Pawan /OP Cactus.

Gallery 8- Kargil War 1999.

The then Chief Minister, Parkash Singh Badal, had inaugurated it in October 2016.

2. INRODUCTION TO SITE:

 The site is situated in Amritsar, on the commemoration of all heroes, martyred in the war in various time periods.



It is located Opposite to Sham Singh Attari Chownk on NH 1 on Amritsar Attari road, Amritsar.

3. TYPOLOGY:



The proposed project is named as 'Punjab State War Heroes’

Memorial & Museum' with estimated cost of Rs. 300 crores & consist of 45 meters high Sword installed in the central vista of the museum.

having 8 galleries depicting the sacrifices and heroic deeds.

4. HISTORIC SIGNIFICANCE:



Numerous illustrations, photographs, paintings, artefacts, weapons and interactive panels can be found here, letting the tourists go back in time.

 The museum has a collection of photographs of the 1965 and 1971 war.

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A mural has been built to commemorate the work and pay tribute to the 21 Sikh soldiers who were martyred in the 1971 war.

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Much like the Gobindgarh Fort, the walls are constructed with the Nanakshahi brick. Tourists can travel back 3 eras, through the pre-British, British and post-independence periods with the special light and sound show organised here.

CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE:

 Punjab State War Heroes Memorial and Museum showcases the fabulous Bravehearts of Punjab.



The project covers the heroism and sacrifices on the sacred soil of Punjab from the days Alexander the Great up to the Kargil War and the ongoing proxy war.

 It also covers the origins of Miri Piri which evolved at the time of the sixth Guru,Guru Hargobind Singh ji.

 From the times of the sixth Guru till Kargil operations:

 The museum immortalizes the bravery of the soldiers of Punjab, displayed throughout with a spirit of patriotism.

 Built in both a traditional and modern architectural style, it houses a state of the art gallery where Punjab's martial tradition and military campaigns can be viewed.

6. CURRENT USE:

 First of its kind in India, the Punjab State War Heroes'

Memorial and Museum at Amritsar is now fully operational. it a prominent landmark and source of attraction for the tourists.

 The memorial-museum is aimed at to showcase the splendid gallantry deeds of the brave hearts of Punjab.

 It is planned to immortalize the deeds of brave soldiers and to inspire and infuse the spirit of patriotism in the youth.

 The hallmark of the magnificent campus is a 45-metre high stainless steel sword on the central edifice.

 It represents strength and courage of the people of Punjab while defending the nation in the hour of need.

SITE LEVEL

1. LOCATION AND SURROUNDINGS:

 The Punjab State War Heroes' Memorial and Museum is located on a plot of about three hectares abutting Amritsar - Attari Road on the outskirts of the holy city of Amritsar.

 Its location on the National Highway-1, and that too only 18 kms away from Indo Pak International border makes it a prominent landmark and source of attraction for the tourists who visit a daily event of interesting beating retreat ceremony at the Wagah Border.

 With its proximity to the Indo Pak International border, the museum is a prime attraction for tourists before the Beating Retreat ceremony at the Wagah border.

 The chief appeal of this fascinating museum is the 45-metre stainless steel sword preserved at the centre of the place.

 The sword represents the strength and courage of the people defending the nation at the peak hour of war.

 The glorious sword is placed on a water body with 3500 martyr names inscribed on the memorial wall.

1(A) PLAN SHOWING SITE LOCATION:

1(B) SURROUNDING LAND USE:



Surrounding land has been used for parking, drop off areas, pedestrian and vehicular circulation etc.

1(C) SITE ORIENTATION:

 E-w is the major axis of the site.

 Planning is done on different levels to provide a clear skyline to the memorial deck.

1(D) ACCESS ROADS:



The site is access via road (via bus or the car or some other vehicle) i.e. grand trunk road which leads directly from the railway station and can be accessed via the local bus system which works on the daily basis.

1(E) ENTRY AND EXIT POINTS:

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The site has two gateways one used for entrance and other used as exit which are 10 m wide.

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One other gateway used as service entrance to the site.

1(F) TYPOLOGY OF ENTRANCE:





The entrance and exit points are located at the same orientation.

The land at the via is flat type as it the typology of the complete city i.e Amritsar.

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This flate type system is easily accessed by the bus, car or two wheelers and it has the parking inside the site for all.



Plot is irregular in shape with primarily flat terrain.

2. SITE PLAN:

2(A) HIGHLIGHTING ALL BUILT UP STRUCTURES:

2(B)NATURAL FEATURES:



Water is used in the design to create a connection between the audience and memories.



Landscaping of the campus reflects three different war zones form pre-British era, British era and post-independent era. A special light and sound show is also be a part of the memorial.

2(C)

MANMADE LANDSCAPING FEATURES:



Height of the sword is 45 m which is covered under the exception height limit of the airport authority.

 Open exhibition area, sangara battle mural , model of ins vikrant, etc are some.

 The decommissioned aircraft carrier ship MiG-23, INS Vikrant, and 3 tanks are also exhibited here.

 These include two Pakistani tanks -a 'Sherman' and a 'Patton' tank which were captured by Indian forces in 1965 and 1971 wars, and India's 'Centurion' tank that figured prominently the Indo-Pak wars.

 A mural has been built to commemorate the Battle of Saragarhi and the names of the 21 Sikh martyrs of the battle have been engraved on it.

2(D) SITE CIRCULATION: The site can be divided into two circulations

EXTERIOR (vehicular and pedestrian) and

INTERIOR (vertical and horizontal).

2(E) SITE SERVICES:

(i) Sewage System

l) Total of 12 M.H are created on the site.

2) 250 mm RCC pipes are running throughout to carry the waste to the underground S.T.P

3) S.T.P is located at the western part of the site.

4) l: 1.95 Slope of the pipe for sewage system.

(ii) Rainwater harvesting system

1) Only museum buildings and shops cum office building is used for ram water harvesting.

2) Total of 10 C B are provides at a minimum distance of II m.

3) Water from these buildings is collected in these C.B.

4) C.B are further connected to the de-silting chamber

5) Rain water harvesting water tank is provided on the left of the museum building, of capacity 1.0 lakh lit.

6) Water from ram water harvesting water tank is further carried to underground S.T.P. with the help of 80 mm pipes.

(iii) Water supply

l) Municipal water supply and tube wells are the two source of water supply to the site.

2) If enough quantity of municipal water supply is not available then part of tube well comes Into roll.

3) Municipal water supply and tube wells are directly connected to undergrou nd water tank of capacity 1.5 lakh lit., dimension about 4100 x 7000 x 5300 cu mm.

4) Domestic water tank of capacity 1.20 lakh lit. Of dimension 3250 x 7000x 5300 cu

5) 100 mm pipes are running throughout the site for water

6) Refer plan at fig. 3.12 for the plumbing layout of the complex.

(Iv)Firefighting

1) There are 21 E.F.H distributed throughout the site.

2) The External field yard Hydrant get its upply from pump house sited in the asement.

3) '150mm pipes are used for this system connected to the pump room.

C02 type fire extinguishers and chemical Powder fire extinguishers are also used on the site. Refer fig. 3.13 for the fire fighting plan of the whole complex.

3. ZONING LAYOUT:

The project consist of war memorial, motivational gallery, wall of Honour, open exhibition public amenities shops cafeteria, 7D

While planning the architect took care of easy connectivity and components that connects us to the historical mile stones summers

E w is the major axis of the site. Planning is done on different levels to provide a clear skyline to the memorial deck.

The main purpose of placement the museum blocks at the back of the memorial deck is to use the elevation of the museum building as the screen.

Following shows the site plan and its zoning:

BUILDING- LEVEL

1. UNDERSTANDING FORM AT BUILDING LEVEL:

1(a)Entrance:

 There are total 8 galleries there which are having all separate entrance and exits and are accessed via the staircases and the lifts.

 Also the motivational gallery and the admin area had there own entrance and circulation is done via the staircases as well as the lifts and ramps also for the barrier free acces within the site.

1(b) Threshhold: all the buildup building of the site has access upto a particular level like motivational gallery, 7d cinema, and the museums at the end to provide a clear skyline.

1(c) Plans at various level:

 Following shows the plans of parking, admin area, galleries and motivational gallery at various levels:

PARKING:

Parking has been provided for the ease of vehicular circulation.

l) Stilt parking for 10 cars, 6 physically challenged parking and 5 busses is provided.

2) Two levels of basement parking also has been provided.

3) Total parking space of 72 cars and 36 two wheelers.

Plans for the parking areas are as follows:

ADMINISTRATIVE BLOCK (GROUND AND FIRST FLOOR PLAN):

MOTIVATIONAL GALLERY (GROUND AND FIRST FLOOR PLANS) (vertical [yellow] and horizontal [blue] circulation has been marked)

PLAN OF GALLERY 1

Gallery 1: Orientation



The first gallery in an introduction to the great civilisation of Punjab and its brave warriors.



It details about the battle of Alexander and Porus, which was fought in 326 BC between Jhelum and Chenab rivers of Punjab.

 It also includes a brief introduction of the Sikh Gurus along with their life and principles. A 12 minute movie on the introduction of Punjab and the Sikhs is also showcased.

 Plan of GALLERY 2: Gallery 2: Rise of Sikh Empire



It highlights the role of Guru Hargobind Sahib, the sixth Sikh guru, and his contribution to the “martialisation” of the Sikhs.

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All four battles have been showcased along with the concepts of Akal Takht, Miri Piri.



The life and battles of Guru Gobind Singh and his four sons have also been displayed.

 Mai Bhago, the warrior women who fought the battle of Muktsar, has also been shown prominently.



The graphic presentations beautifully reveal the emergence of Baba Banda Singh Bahadur, the history of Sikh misls and their rule.

Plans of GALLERY

Gallery 3: The Sikh Empire and Anglo Sikh Wars



The gallery showcases the rise of the Sikh empire under Maharaja Ranjit Singh and his achievements, his major battles along with the Ropar Pact, journey of Kohinoor and Anglo-Sikh wars.

Plan of GALLERY 4

Gallery 4: World War I and World War II

The gallery is still under-construction, which would display the contribution of Punjabis in World War I and II.

Plans of GALLERY

Gallery 5: Battle of J&K in 1947 48

It depicts the bravery of Indian soldiers during the Indo-Pakistan War of 1947-1948, known as the first Kashmir War. It shows the contribution of soldiers, who were responsible for protecting Srinagar.

Plans of GALLERY 6

Gallery 6: Indo-China War (1962) & Indo-Pak War (1965)



It showcases the Indo China war in Ladakh region and North East, in which Subedar Joginder Singh posthumously received India’s highest military gallantry award the Param Vir Chakra.

 While in the 1965 war, the role of Abdul Hamid in Khemkaran Sector has been given a peculiar display.

 The Indian Army destroyed 91 tanks of Pakistan. At the gallery, fiber glass tanks have been made to give it a real war effect.

 A statue of then Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri has also been installed.

Plan of GALLERY 7 :

Gallery 7: 1971 Indo Pak War & Liberation of Bangladesh

This gallery depicts the bravery of Army men at Longewala border. A statue of Kuldeep Singh Chandpuri has also been installed. A fiber model also exists, in which jawans are seen celebrating the victory by dancing on tanks.

Plans of GALLERY 8

Gallery 8: Kargil War (1999)

Last but not the least, a recently constructed gallery shows the glimpses of the Kargil War. Modern techniques have been used to showcase the actions of wars on Tiger Hill.



1(d) PLAN SHAPE AND FORM.

Circular form complimenting linear forms. The museums are rectangular in shape although they are connected via the bridges.



The approach of the architect is all modern, yet some basic Sikh architecture can be seen In pseudo form.



The elevation of the museum building behind the

 memonal complex is used as a mural screen.

1(E) VIEWS:

1(f) Z AXIS ANALYSIS/VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS

1(f) (i) BUILDING HEIGHTS

1(f)(ii) FAÇADE TREATMENT : zinc cladding has been used for the gallery and clear toughened glass has also been used wherever light is required.

1(f)(iii)

ARCHITECTURAL EXPRESSION:

1) The approach of the architect is all modern, yet some basic Sikh architecture can be seen In pseudo form

2) The elevation of the museum building behind the memonal complex is used as a mural screen.

3) Water is used in the design to create a connection between the audience and memories.

4) THE SWORD- is made up of alloy steel weighing tones, 45m height creates a gigantic feel.

2.UNDERSTANDING FUNCTION AT THE BUILDING LEVEL:

2(A) Area Requirements And Programming:

site are=8.1 acre

constructed area=1.6 acre

groud coverage 20% (acc to norms)

permissible height 23m (sword is taken upto 45m acc to nbc norms)

2(B) Zoning And Circulation:

divided into private and semi public zones

linear circulation is provide within the building. It provide streamlined experience.

Radial planning of gallery blocks is the circulation outside which seems to be quiet confusing in nature.

Common entrances fro services and visitors and separate entry for the vips

2(C) Light And Ventilation:

Visual experience has a surprise character and ir is archietcurally appealing.

There will be the natural liginh also whever require as it is covere by the glass cladding and by acps sheets wheneer less light is required.

2(D) Shade And Shadow:

For this, trees and buffers and lintels and shed ha been provided.

2(F) Built Up Area On Site =20%

3.UNDERSTANDING STRUCTURE AT BUILDING LEVEL:

3(A) Construction Technique

moderm rcc construction with the usage of aluminium panels ion the elvation of galleries.

3(B) Structure System: Roof is made up of girder system.

Steel supported stair case.

R.C.C. jail is used along with Nanak sahi bricks.

3(C) Planning And Designing Grids:

radial planning

3(E) Material Of Construction:

Construction system is R.C.C.

Roof is made up of girder system.

Steel supported stair case.

R.C.C. jail is used along with Nanak sahi bricks.

Glass curtain walls.

Aluminum panels are used on the elevation

FINDING AND RECOMMENDATIONS:

MERITS:

If one is interested in history of wars then it the best place to visit.

The heaviest sword is worth every watch. its beautiful.

The atmosphere during the flag lowering ceremony is the best.

7d theatre provide a surreal experience.

High quality vignettes and signage in english provide a tour through India's fascinating history.

This place has monuments, tanks, aircrafts , 7 galleries showcasing the

entire sikh history and also of the Indo-Pak , Indo-China and all other wars fought till date and a 7D Theatre.

Very well maintained and Neat and Clean. The highlight of this place is the 7D Cinema.

The design and structure of the memorial is also great and you see stones /bricks with names f all martyrs inscribed on them starting from 1947 till date.

DEMERITS:

The parking is a little distance away. Need to walk.

To see it properly, keep at least 2 hours in hand

VIRTUAL TOUR ON THE SITE, AS CONCLUSION:

While the much older and more well known India Gate commemorates the martyred Indian soldier of the First World War, the very recently created National War Memorial, just behind India Gate’s canopy, is in memory of the soldiers fallen in battle ever since India’s independence in 1947.

The National War Memorial is designed in a circular form, with steps (and ramps) leading down into a large amphitheatre like circular space, in the centre of which stands an obelisk. At the base of this burns the Amar Jawan Jyoti, the eternal flame burning in memory of the Unknown Soldier. A sentry is always on duty beside this. Along one arc of the circle surrounding the obelisk, the area is roofed, with the walls decorated with bronze murals depicting battle scenes form important battles fought (and won) by Indian forces: Operation Trident, the Battle of Longewala, the Battle of Rezang La, and so on. There are about half a dozen of these, and in the centre are the emblems of the Navy, Airforce, Army and Combined Defence Services.

Once you come up from the Amar Jawan Jyoti and its surrounding circle, you can move around, at ground level, in the circles surrounding this (this circle is supposed to be modelled on the mythical ‘Chakravyuh’ of the Mahabharat). This circle consists of thousands of small brickcoloured granite slabs, each etched with the number, name and regiment of an Indian soldier killed in one of the wars. They’re arranged in order of war, and if you’re here to find the slab of a dear one, there’s a digital assistant too, a touch screen where you can enter the soldier’s ID, name, and regiment in order to find out the location of his slab at the memorial.



Beyond these are gardens, mostly trees (many of them still young), some flowerbeds, and water channels. On the southern side is a small gallery with engraved-metal maps and descriptions of major battlefields in which Indian armed forces have proven their mettle. Right opposite, across the memorial and at the exit gate, is a similar one with more of the same information. Both galleries have toilets attached to them. Overall, the concept of the War Memorial IS GREAT.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

https://vebuka.com/print/190531061107181d083f0b1dbac524fc4d39bb25b531/THESIS_REPORT_ON_IN TERNATIONAL_CORRIDOR_AT_KARTARPUR_SAHIB_DERA_ BABA_NANAK

https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/centre-togrant-rs-30-cr-for-war-memorial-53337

https://www.trawell.in/punjab/amritsar/punjab-state-war-heroesmemorial-museum

https://www.holidify.com/places/amritsar/punjab-state-war-heroesmemorial-and-museum-sightseeing-120933.html

https://www.tripadvisor.in/Attraction_Review-g303884d12290595-Reviews-War_Memorial_MuseumAmritsar_Amritsar_District_Punjab.html

https://www.bing.com/search?q=war+memoral+amritsar+wall+mu ral&FORM=HDRSC1

https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g304551d16775405

New_Delhi_National_Capital_Territory_of_Delhi.html