MSD 2020_Studio 20_Design Journal_Guangen Jin

Studio Leader: Dr. Alberto Pugnale & Dr. Alessandro Liuti

The Shape of Wine

Weekly Journal 1199513 Guangen Jin

CO NT E NTS

Introduction | Pg.1 |

Part 1 01 | Form Finding - Active Bending Gridshells

The experiment of timber gridshell design in three-people group by sketching, paper models and parametric simulation Team: Guangen Jin, Lingke Zhang, Phanthep Thiengthamcharoen | Pg.6 |

02 | Form Finding - RC Shells and Masonry Shells

The experiment of catenary shell design in four-people group by sketching and using paper models and parametric simulation Team: Guangen Jin, Haoyang Yu, Shaun Lim, Xinyu Dong | Pg.16 |

03 | Case Study - Savill Garden Gridshell

Reinterpret Savill garden gridshell designed by Glen Howells Architects in 2006 in two-people group.

Team: George Avraam, Guangen Jin | Pg.26 |

Part 2 04 | Preliminary Design of Winery at Yarra Glen

Project is designing a winery for John Denton at his vinyard where Deton's house is located on the top of the hill on site..

Team: George Avraam, Guangen Jin | Pg.46 |

Part 3 05 | Plan and Section Exploration 1

Design is refined through plan and section drawings at this stage to apply different form generating solutions on the design.

Team: George Avraam, Guangen Jin | Pg.82 |

06 | Plan and Section Exploration 2

In the second stage, we change the minimal surface to ruled surface for the winery design.

Team: George Avraam, Guangen Jin | Pg.94 |

Part 4 07 | Final Design Proposal

This is the last part in the folio that present the final result of winery design.

Team: George Avraam, Guangen Jin | Pg.146 |

Bibliography & Image Reference | Pg.182 |

AP PE ND I X

anchor point: A structural component holding adjoining parts of the building. catenary: The catenary is the curve that an idealized hanging chain or cable assumes under its own weight when supported only at its ends. Here, it refers to the shape of a hanging chain dragged by gravity force. form-finding: The process of finding an ideal form of a shell. It could involve physical model testing, such as hanging chains, and computational simulation of physical model, to find the most suitable shape of shell structure. hanging model: This is used for finding the form of a gridshell by reversing the model up and down. grasshopper: Grasshopper is a visual programming language and environment that runs within the Rhinoceros 3D computer-aided design application. It will be used for parametric design in this study. gridshell: Gridshell is a structure which derives its strength from its double curvature, but is constructed of a grid or lattice parametric design: Parametric design is a process based on algorithmic thinking that enables the expression of parameters and rules that, together, define, encode and clarify the relationship between design intent and design response.

Pareto optimal: It refers to a situation that the preferred design is better than every other design for at least one of the performance objectives.

INTRODUC TION

In free-form architecture, the adjective “free” indicates the freedom to create architectural forms, irrespective of any composition, static or construction principle.

Form-resistant structures offer an opportunity to control such freedom through a unique creative-generative process that builds on the legacy of iconic works by, among others, Heinz Isler, Frei Otto and Jörg Schlaich.

In this framework, this 9th edition of How Virtual Becomes Real will continues the research into the design-to-construction working methods for shell and spatial structures, which aims to synthesise the virtual and the real by means of both physical form-finding and numerical optimisation models.

Students will explore the spatial and tectonic qualities of form-resistant structures by designing a winery in regional Victoria, therefore answering to the question: “What is the shape of wine?”

From Canvas Studio 20 Information

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Fig. 1. Immanuel Giel. Multihalle in Mannheim, a wooden gridshell structure designed by Frei Otto. 2006.

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Definition of gridshell "the grid shell is a spatially curved framework of rods and rigid joints. The rod elements form a planar grid with rectangular meshes and constant spacing between the knots [nodes]. The form of a grid shell is determined by inverting the form of a flexible hanging net. To invert the catenary so that it becomes the thrust line of an arch free of moments is an idealisation. Analogously, inverting the form of a hanging net yield the support surface of a grid shell free of moments.1" Gridshell combines both architectural and structural aesthetics within it. By minimising the bending moment on structure, gridshell can achieve a larger span than other structure. To achieve ideal shape for the gridshell strucure, a term called form finding is used, which is a dynamic process to generate an equilibrium geometry. Although it is impossible to construct the exact form finding surface and predict all the forces to be balanced, construction material could be minimised and achieve a light and efficient structure, as close as possible to the ideal form finding shape.

Form finding method One approach of form find is grid layout mapping and optimization, introduced by Peter Winslow in chapter 15 of the book, Shell structures for architecture : form finding and optimization, which is finding a Pareto optimal scheme for grid design. Through obtaining the surface geometry, defining and creating suitable grid layout and evaluating the grid performance, the final Pareto optimal scheme will come out.

Fig. 2. Bernardino D'Amico. Trio gridshell in Lecce, Italy 2010(CMMKM Architettura e Design). 2015.

1. Rainer Graefe, "Vaults and domes shells and space structures grid shells - examples from the history of architecture and building," in IL10: Gitterschalen – Grid Shells, ed. Jurgen Hennicke and Eda Schaur (Stuttgart: Institut für leichte Flächentragwerke (IL)/Karl Krämer Verlag, 1974), 26.

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Another technique is called hanging model method, or Hook's Law of inversion, which is one of the most classic methods for form finding. Through inversing the model up and down, an ideal shape of arch and dome balancing the gravity and material tension is found. Once the model is reverse back, material tension becomes pure compression2.

Hanging method in practices Hanging model's principal is to create a pure compression structure after inversing back the hanging chains or ropes. In history, this technique was used for the construction of a masonry arch and dome.

The German engineer Heinrich Hübsch (1795–1863) used the hanging method to design an arch and dome. in 1837, Hübsch's design of the hemispherical dome was able to reduce 175mm in thickness for the upper part of the dome3. Haning model experiment in the conceptual design stage is helpful to generate several different forms. By integrating with computational simulation, the models could be further optimised for structural needs.

Fig. 3. Heinrich Hübsch's research on hanging method in the vault design.

2. Kai-Uwe Bletzinger and Ekkehard Ramm, "Computational form finding and optimization," in Shell structures for architecture : form finding and optimization, ed. Sigrid Adriaenssens and Jörg Schlaich (Routledge, 2014), 48.

3. Bill Addis, "Physical modelling and form finding," in Shell structures for architecture : form finding and optimization, ed. Sigrid Adriaenssens and Jörg Schlaich (Routledge, 2014), 36-37.

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Fig. 4. Night view of st. Paul's Cathedral

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01 | Form Finding - Active Bending Gridshells

The experiment of timber gridshell design in three-people group by sketching, paper models and parametric simulatio Group member: Guangen Jin, Lingke Zhang, Phanthep Thiengthamcharoen

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on

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Form Finding Active-bending gridshells Tracing paper mesh: grid spacing - 10x10mm, scale 1:50

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Proposal 1 Initial form finding test starts with curvature folding - a wing shape from a narrow point to expand widely to the other end.

Proposal 2 Continue with the curvature form, but less angle folding of the grids. Two anchor points are set on the ground, and one on the wall.

Proposal 3 The third proposal is based on the second proposal, but a cable is used to constrain the shape of the structure, creating a butterfly shape.

Comment A change in curvature / flex point will cause a structural weakness

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Grid bending test from teammate - Lingke Zhang

Different from tracing paper, using string provides more flexibility to bend the grids to observe how the grids will change when ro

Grasshopper script explanation

Partly separat

Boundary curve

Point list 48 x 29

Lines within the boundary along x&y axis

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otating two sticks toward various directions.

Comment It will be better to create x&y axis polylines in the rectangular point list before the “points in curve� command.

te grids

Trim polylines within the boundary will have intersection points on the boundary, which will be helpful to remove zig-zag edges.

Selected points to specific location

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Final Outcomes in Week 1

Paper model development process

Wiremesh model re-representation

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Imagine that the structure is placed on Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) In July 1953, after WWII, the Korean Peninsula was devided by the two pollitical ideas by the US and the Soviet Union. This ideological lines has been the symbolism of conflict which creates a big time gap as our world move toward with technology.

Along this “line� of seperation lies a joint Security Area for both sibling nation. The architecture express themselves in a peril way to the other side not to cross the line.

This tension has cause uneasiness from both sides, suspecting and always beware of each other.

Although for many years, leaders has their plan to reunite the land, the vision of Korea seems to be just a hazzy vision for the people. With the long separation of time and exposure of technology, both nations need to gradually meet up and slowly progress their goals towards their unification.

Narrative from teammate Phanthep Thiengthamcharoen

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02 | Form Finding - RC Shells and Masonry Shells

The experiment of catenary shell design in four-people group by sketching and using paper models and parametric sim Team member: Guangen Jin, Haoyang Yu, Shaun Lim, Xinyu Dong

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mulation

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Form Finding Catenary and shell study. Hanging chain model, individual part of research.

The paper clip chain is hanged and pinned on sticks. By varying the end height, the chain shows different equilibrium shapes.

2D catenary line test moves to a 3D field test. What deficient in this test is not enough paper clips to form a catenary curve.

The 3D model is about arranging catenary curves in space and connected with joint/anchor with each other. It is still not enough to exploit the catenary shell structure.

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Failures...

Misunderstand the concept of the catenary. The model testing begins with hyperbolic paraboloid and is covered by solid material, which loos similar to the shape of the reversed chain 2D chain model, but it is not catenary. The wings on both sides do not work like a reversed haning model acting pure compression.

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Shell test from teammate - Haoyang Yu Haoyang begins with a digital simulation of the catenary shape from one connection node in space.

Then inverse the shape to attach on two corner walls. It creates a light catenary shell, which becomes the preliminary proposal for group further design.

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Shell strucutre development and optimisation - collaborate with Haoyang Yu Four potential proposals are developed and simulated in Karamba for mechanics analysis. All proposals have ground anchors in the middle of the shells, but the four sides are changing to create a sense of lightness for the shell structure and balance the openning and structural stability .

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Scemario 1- Structure supported by anchors on mesh boundary

Gravity Load Max. Displacement: 0.1968cm

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Gravity Load Max. Displacement: 0.9560cm

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Gravity Load Max. Displacement: 0.3095cm

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Gravity Load Max. Displacement: 0.2129cm

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Scemario 2 - Structure supported by anchors on mesh boundary and middle sinking areas

Gravity Load Max. Displacement: 0.1145cm

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Gravity Load Max. Displacement: 0.0631cm

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Gravity Load Max. Displacement: 0.1409cm

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Gravity Load Max. Displacement: 0.1477cm

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Computational simulation for proposal 4 The parametic modelling begins with simple rectangle mesh that is controled by seven vectice points on the mesh. All vertices on mesh are restained on x and y axis movement.

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1 Two on mesh points

Diagonalise the mesh

2 Five ground anchor points

Morph the mitif to the squares

Select all squares

Apply thickness to the grids, 80(W)x20(H)

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Scale 1:30

Perspective rendering from teammate - Haoyang Yu

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Scale 1:30

03 | Case Study - Savill Garden Gridshell Reinterpret Savill garden gridshell designed by Glen Howells Architects in 2006 in two-people group.

Team member: George Avraam, Guangen Jin

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Fig. 5. Glenn Howells. The Savil Building. 2006.

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Savill Garden Timber Gridshell Introduction text from teammate - George Avraam

Background In 2006, in Berkshire the Savill Garden Gridshell was to create a entrance way to the landscaped gardens within Windsor Great Park. The Crown Estates Fig. 6. Concept sketch of Savill buildin created a competition entry which highlighted a design "sensitive building "but would "make dramatic mark on the landscape" won by Glenn Howells Architects. The design was paced on the landscape to be placed as an icon of the park but also respecting the height of surrounding trees and rolling landscape (fig. 4).

The grid shell is 25m approximately in width (varying throughout the the structure) and 90m in length.

The gridshell functions as a roof with a glass facade surrounding all edges .Housing restaurants, garden shot and ticketing booth for the gardens they remain as a visual connection to the landscape. Flanking these are ancillary spaces to support kitchens, plant rooms and teaching spaces

Generation of Savill building The form is geometrically defined where plan is formed by the intersection of two circles (fig. 5). The central cross section is formed by a cosine function which creates peaks. The grid shell follows this form with 1mx1m space.

Formed in a series of layers the structure consists of a double gridshell with shear blocks between each layer of laths (fig. 6).

Plywood sheet bracing is used to carry active loads to the edge support steel beams and the V shaped steel legging connecting to the concrete footing system. The use of the ply allowed the grid shell to appear less clutter in its appearance as there wasn't the need for diagonal bracing as in its predecessor the Weald and Downland Gridshell. Oak cladding is used to cover the outer layer of the roof form.

Fig. 7. Two circles to define the area of Savill building.

Fig. 8. Double gridshell of the roof Structure

Fig. 6. Glenn Howells Architects, Savill Building, 2006.

Fig. 7. Glenn Howells Architects, The plan area of the gridshell is defined by the area of intersection between two circles, 2006, in Timber gridshell: Architecture, structure and craft (Routledge, 2016), 135.

Fig. 8. Glenn Howells Architects, Savill Building, 2006.

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Sketch of the form generation process Analyse the design process of Savill building through sketch, two important conditions are found for running a computational simulation of the building: 1. draw the roof profile with damped cosine function; 2. accurately locate two steel edge beams.

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Savill Garden Drawings

Fig. 9. Elevation and plan drawings of Savill building

Fig. 9. Glenn Howells Architects. Elevations:(upper) entrance approach, (lower) facing the garden; floor plan, 2006, in Timber gridshell: Architecture, structure and craft (Routledge, 2016), 131.

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Savill Garden Construction & Details Construction details of different component joints. Savill building has double timber grids, and shear blocks in the middle are screwed into both timber grids. When the bottom layer of timber laths acting compression, the upper laths acting tension.

Panels on timber gridshell also act as bracing to reinforce the gridshell (fig. 7).

Fig. 10. Double layers of timber girds and panels on the grids.

The huge timber gridshell is supported by the edge beam where the connection between steel edge beam and timber gridshell is critical. Kerto LVL (Laminated Veneer Lumber) fingers are bolted to prefabricated steel gussets to transfer the load from the shell to the steel beams (fig. 8).

Fig. 11. Edge connection diagram. Laminated Veneer Lumber) fingers are botled to wielded steel plate on steel beam.

All the loads are transmitted to the ground by steel edge beams and columns. Steel columns are separated into the front leg and rear leg to share the load. Meanwhile, they are connected by two ground beams.

The columns in Group 1 as shown in Fig.9 is mainly used for balancing the load normal to the edge steel beam and group 2 for tangential to the beam.

Fig. 12. Ground anchor setting for sustaining forces normal and tangential to the edge beam.

Fig. 13. Overall conceptual structure arrangement.

Fig. 10. Green Oak Carpentry Company, Structural roof finishes, reproduced in Richard Harris, Steve Haskins and Jonathan Roynon, "The Savill Garden gridshell: design and construction," The structural engineer (2008): 32.

Fig. 11. Edge detail, in Harris, Haskins and Roynon, "The Savill Garden gridshell: design and construction," 30.

Fig. 12. Balanced foundation groups, in Harris, Haskins and Roynon, "The Savill Garden gridshell: design and construction," 32.

Fig. 13. Collaborative design, in Harris, Haskins and Roynon, "The Savill Garden gridshell: design and construction," 34.

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Detail timber gridshell structure modelled by Guangen Jin, Rendered by George Avraam

Detailed edge connection modelled and rendered by teammate - George Avraam

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Savill Garden Computational Simulation Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 5

Step 4

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Step 1. Damped Cosine Wave Function to create waving profile of the roof. (Highlighted in Green)

Step 2.

- Confine the project lines on plan - Extrude line into surface - Project three profile lines toward the surface

Step 3.

Trim out the grids from square mesh grids

Step 4.

Using three profile lines to create the polyusurface as a mold for kangaroo.

Step 5.

Use the Kangaroo 2 "onmesh" tool to drag all vertices and line segments into the shape.

Constrain x and y axis movement to generate the Chebyshev net.

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Savill Garden Mechanics Analysis in Karamba

Double Larch Lattice

10cm height to represent two layers of lattice Timber Material Properties

3.675 Calcu reald

Steel Material Properties

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5 kN/m3 Larch timber. ulated by data from dings.

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2 2 2

2 Anchor amount Gravity Load Max. Displacement 4.17cm

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Savill Garden Redesign on Smithsonian American Art Museum Concept sketch of the iteration

Roof rainwater drain plan

Double grids with decreasing thickness when the roof going up

The possibilty of bracing the shearblocks to increase structure stability if necessary.

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N Plan, Scale 1:100

Elevation, Scale 1:100

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Savill Garden Redesign Grasshopper Definition

Step 1

Step 2

Step 2

Step 3

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Step 1 Three roof profiles are generated by consine function

Step 2 Loft out the polysurface that will be used for "onmesh" tool

Step 3 Onmesh in Kangaroo to generate the diagonalised mesh grids.

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Savill Garden Redesign Karamba Mechanics Analysis Timber material same as Savill Building

300Dia. steel coloumns

150Dia. steel coloumns

The columns are edge side horizo

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Anchor amount Gravity Load Max. Displacement 3.01cm

e reinforced to sustain long ontal forces.

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Perspective rendering from teammate - George Avraam

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04 | Preliminary Design of Winery at Yarra Glen

The project is designing a winery for John Denton at his vinyard where Denton's house is located on the top of the hill o Team member: George Avraam, Guangen Jin

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on site.

Denton's House

Design brief The design for the new winery shall include the following: • A form-resistant typology (shell, gridshell, etc.); • Respond to the site context and exisiting buildings in an appropriate way; • Do not intervene on the existing house. It is allowed to occupy and demolish nearby properties.

The program should include: • • • • • • •

Facitlities for wine production A restaurant and/or cafe' Three to four suites; Wine cellar; Communal areas and reception; Outdoor facilities for events (such as weddings, live performance, tec.)

Parking for staff and guests.

The projects are developed in pairs.

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Site

Yarra Glen winery analysis from teammate - George Avraam

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Programs of wineries at Yarra Glenn from teammate - George Avraam

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1. We realise that many wineries are providing minimal expensive accommodation, so we find the opportunity to provide affordable accommodation as an expansion for the winery project.

2. Fewer winery venues are providing designated wedding areas and these are often incorporated with main winery building which does not necessarily accommodate the wedding ceremony. Thus, we intend to provide an additional space, which is separate from the winery, creating exterior function room or being hired separately.

3. few wineries provide tours or education about the production of wine and retail shops connecting to the winery. We are integrating these functions with our winery design as an extra moral value of the project.

Research study of precedents in Yarra Glen

Montoro Winery 1. Cellar door + underground winemaking/storage: 263sqm 2. Parking: 396sqm.

Shadowfax Winery 1. Dining restaurant, cellar door, winemaking, indoor live performance, wedding/party event setting : 779.67 2. outdoor dining: 111.76

Levantine Hill 1. Dining restaurant, cellar door: 548.45 2. Parking: 656.60 3. Wine fermentation & production facility: 671.89 4. Lodgement: separated hotels, about 15mins drive

Rochfold Winery 1. Isabella's restaurant: 622.75 2.Wine fermentation & production facility: 997.27 3.Cellar door, shop, wine bar: 346.81 4.Parking: 1434.26 5.restaurant, wedding event, cooking workshop: 284.77 6.Outdoor performance & event: 440.30

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Fig. 14 15. Local tree list (left), Timber duribity for different type of timber piling

Local trees and timber duribility research Fig. 14. "Yarra Ranges Vegetation Communities" Yarra Ranges Vegetation Communities - Shire of Yarra Ranges, published December 2008, https://www. yumpu.com/it/document/read/11520200/yarra-ranges-vegetation-communities-shire-of-yarra-ranges Fig. 15. "Manual 7 – Marine borer attack on timber structures," Forest & wood products Australia, published August 2007, https://www.fwpa.com.au/images/ marketaccess/ManualNo7-MarineBorerAttack.pdf.

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Project Site Analysis and Selection Preliminary research study and analysis of the project site

Fig. 14. Weather at Yarra Glen

Rainwater flow simulation on-site topography There are two lakes on the site to facilitate the temperature control and irrigation of the vineyard.

Denton's house is placed at the highest point with broad views. We are looking for the second-highest location for the winery design to avoid potential waterflood issue and reserve the existing vineyard as much as possible.

Fig. 14. Willyweather. Yarra Glen WindForcast. https://wind.willyweather.com.au/vic/yarra-valley-and-dandenong-ranges/yarra-glen.html

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Sitting diagram from teammate - George Avraam

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Diagrammatic prograss The project is placed at three locations: Leftside lake (glamping accommodation), slope to the north (winery) and rightside lake (event/ceremony site).

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Schematic Design 1 The concept is integrating the view of both vineyard and Denton's house. Instead of the suite or permanent housing, glamping with gridshell is proposed along the lake. Event/ceremony space is on the other lake looking toward winery that is standing on the second-highest point on site.

Draft masterplan of the project

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Glamping Design

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A

A

Winery Design

Section A - A

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Ground Connection Detail

Event/ceremony Space Design

Reflections...

Site analysis is good to look at other wineries' facilities and functions they have. The glamping is an exciting idea to accommodate people in different housing style from other winery's housing in Yarra Glen. However, the overall design of the project is conventional with the little free-form testing process.

Also, in the preliminary concept stage, it will be better to focus on free-form development rather than considering the structural details.

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Schematic Design 2 From the concept in week four regarding interacting with the outline of hills, free-form generation process begins with a sequence of waving curves.

Sketch in week four

Process of generating waving curves and simulating the roof surface in rhino

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Concept from teammate - Geroge Avraam George adopts a similar strategy to create a waving roof and wing-like function rooms at both side of the winery. The middle of the building is extruded toward the vineyard landscape. Differently, his design intents to confict with Denton's house to be palpable among the vineyard.

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Reflections...

After the team discussions, we decide to merge two concepts. Overall, the winery will conflict with Denton's house and is palpable for the public instead of being concealed in the vineyard. The concept is inspired by waving outlines of hills and mountains, which we intend to adopt as free-form generation strategy as well.

A new problem we are facing is the considerable height variation when the winery building crosses several contours. Since we decide to design the wing-like building, the extruded middle part is considered to have slab setdown and creating a double-story space at the centre front.

Partly discussion annotation record on Mural

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Schematic Design 3 When looking back to the topography on a broader scale, it is visible to watch these mountains and hills at far away. The waving lines are traced and test to generate the waving roof to respond to the hills at the back.

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Design Statement The winery remains the idea of wing-like function rooms on both sides and has the barrels and restaurants at the centre middle area extend toward the vineyard. The central extrusion mass is set down to integrate with the slope.

Sections from teammate - George Avraam

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Heroshot of the winery design

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Reflections...

Maybe timber gridshell does not need to be used for the whole building. The extruded waving mass can be made of concrete. Double layers of timber gridshell will be expensive, and the current timber lattices looks messy.

Fig. 17 Tree-like timber column of Haesley Nine Bridges Golf Club House

Fig. 18 Translucent roof cladding and grid columns of centro pompidou metz

Fig. 16 Changing materiality of columns of Metropol Parasol.

After discussion in the tutorial, We are looking for the possible solutions regarding the grids patterns, material and material variations on columns and roof.

Fig. 16. J.MAYER.H, Metropol Parasol, 2011. https://www.jmayerh.de/19-0-Metropol-Parasol.html.

Fig.17. Shigeru Ban Architects, Haesley Nine Bridges Golf Club House, 2010. http://www.shigerubanarchitects.com/works/2010_haesley-nine-bridges/index. html.

Fig. 18. Archdaily, Centre Pompidou-Metz / Shigeru Ban Architects, 2010. https://www.archdaily.com/490141/centre-pompidou-metz-shigeru-ban-architects.

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Digital modelling by Guangen Jin, render by teammate - George Avraam

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Schematic Design 4 Refine the concept that creates a waving roof to respond to the ridges of the hills at the surroundings in this stage. Also, the gridshell pattern is refined to be tidier. We study the gridshell of Haesley bridges golf club house by Shigeru ban to make the gridshell looks more elegant. The upper layer gridshell is trimmed to only stand around at the area where the columns are, and used for the VIP lounge.

Diagram and tracing sketches from teammate - George Avraam

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Site plan from teammate - George Avraam

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Floor plan from teammate - George Avraam

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Rendering of the winery design

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Digital modelling by Guangen Jin, rendering by teammate - George Avraam

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Reflections...

By considering the guest critics together, we realise that the south side wall (back wall) has more potential to interact with topography. The topography of Yarra Glenn inspires our concept, and it is reflected on our building roof design. However, when it comes to the wall, the building back edge is directly trimmed vertically, which is unexpected and weakens our concept. Thus, the southside wall (back wall) is the next focus point we are going to modify.

Also, based on Prof. Donald Bates's comment, we try to refine our plan drawings to illustrate the spatial arrangement more detailed and precise.

Partly discussion annotation record on Mural

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Schematic Design 5 At the stage, we remodel the building in rhino and grasshopper, to create a new waving back walls having better intimacy to the slope at the back. Drawings and rendering are refined to more precisely represent our concept of reponding to the ridges of the hills. Also, the wing of the building looks more elegant and structurally light.

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Refined plan drawing from teammate - George Avarrm

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Refined section drawing

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Rendering of the winery design

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Digital modelling by Guangen Jin, rendering by teammate - George Avraam

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05 | Plan and Section Exploration 1

Design is refined through plan and section drawings at this stage to apply different form generating solutions on the de Team member: George Avraam, Guangen Jin

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esign.

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Definition of Minimal Surface A Minimal surface is a surface whose mean Gaussian curvature is zero, which means one dimension's curvature is zero, instead of a surface of minimal area. An exemplar method of creating a minimal surface is stretching soap film between two parallel circular wires where the soap film will be shaped with the least surface area.4 In terms of transferring loads, minimal surface could transfer the loads along the curved surface with thin thickness requirements.

Fig. 19. Soap film testing by Frei Otto.

Catenoid A catenoid is the first non-trivial minimal surface, arising by rotating a catenary curve about an axis.5

Fig. 20. A catenoid form 4. Nahin, Paul J, "Beyond Calculus," In When Least Is Best: How Mathematicians Discovered Many Clever Ways to Make Things as Small (or as Large) as Possible, (Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2007), 265-6.

5. Dierkes, Ulrich, Stefan Hildebrandt and Friedrich Sauvigny, "3.5 Examples of Minimal Surfaces," In Minimal Surfaces, (Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media, 2010),141.

Fig. 19. Zexin, Sun and Hongyuan Mei, Robotic Form-Finding and Construction Based on the Architectural Projection Logic. Photograph. 2017. https://www. researchgate.net/publication/318103333_Robotic_Form-Finding_and_Construction_Based_on_the_Architectural_Projection_Logic.

Fig. 20. Krishnavedala. A catenoid. 2011. Photograph. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenoid#/media/File:Catenoid.svg

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Minimal Surface Roof & Column

Based on the design in part 2, the form is further studied for better structural performance

Combine the roof into one complete minimal surface

The mushroom-shape columns are also designed in the minial surface form Double-layer gridshell roof to single-layer of minimal surface The double-layer gridshell roof needs to be optimised so that a light roof form and more economical structure are achieved. In the beginning, we attempt to integrate the roof into one minimal surface structure which is supported by the minimal surface columns.

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0

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Design Iteration in the section In the second Iteration, the roof and columns are further integrated into one piece, which in the section is consisted of horizontal lines and catenary lines. The column is designed into a catenoid form.

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Synchronous design in the plan - George Avraam George examinates several interations in the plan, section and 3D sketches. However, we both consider minimal surface as the method to optimise another building form. The highlighted drawing is selected to combine with section drawing on the former page.

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Orthogonal Plan + Minial Surface Form In this stage, we adopt the rectangular plan with an orthogonal space subdivision to create a sense of mobility and fluid in the spatial experiencing.

Plan Iteration 1

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Plan Iteration 2

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Section Iteration Columns are generated by rotating a catenary line along the centre 360 degrees, which becomes a catenoid form.

The gridshell roof is supported by columns and acts in tension

Scale 1:500 @ A4

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Other Exploration and Process at This Stage

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06 | Plan and Section Exploration 2 In the second stage, we change the minimal surface to ruled surface for the winery design.

Team member: George Avraam, Guangen Jin

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Conceptualisation Diagram Interation 3 This iteration is close to our final form for the winery. The concept remains the same as before, reflect mountain and valley waving outlines on the winery design. We apply this waving features on both plan and section of the building,

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Step 1 - Form generation | diagram by George Avraam From this stage, Guangen mainly focuses on grasshopper modelling and Karamba analysis, George is in charge of drawings, diagram and graphics.

Selected

Selected

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The building form continues the concept of waving lines, sitting on the site from left to right. From the north slope, visitors can look over the top of the building toward Denton House and vineyard.

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In the plan drawing, it maintains the mobility of the space inside and has a double-height space at the front (South) of the facade.

Failure...

No scale bar, North point and site context are added in the plan drawing at this stage, which should always be shown in the plan drawings.

First floor plan, scale 1:200@A3 by George Avraam

N

Ground floor plan, scale 1:200@A3 by George Avraam 0

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Step 2 - Ruled Surface Generation and Form Adjustment | diagram by George Avraam

Ruled Surface Generation

Form Adjustment

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Refined first floor plan, 1:200 @ A2 by George Avraam

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Refined ground floor plan, 1:200 @ A2 by George Avraam

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Section drawing 1:200 @ A2 by George Avraam

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Precedent and Additional Process We refer to the building Twine (left) designed by Antony Gibbon for the twisting shape and Twisting Bridge (right) by BIG for the ruled surface cladding

Fig 21. Twine by Antony Gibbon

Fig 22. The Tiwst by BIG

Draft plan development with George at this stage

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Step 3 - Form Optimisation & Structural system design | diagram by George Avraam

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Structure system scheme 1 Two structure systems are designed for the twisting wall and skylight - steel gridshell by George and universal frame by Guangen.

Steel gridshell axometric drawing

Space frame structure axometric drawing (Circular section profile)

Space frame structure axometric drawing (Rectangular section profile)

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Space frame with transparent concrete cladding

View of space frame wall and steel gridshell skylight

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Refined first floor plan, 1:200 @ A2 by George Avraam

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Refined ground floor plan, 1:200 @ A2 by George Avraam

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Precedent and Additional Process In terms of materiality and structure of the ruled surface, we refer to the Italy Pavillion in Shanghai EXPO 2010 (left) and Heydar Aliyev Cente by Zaha Hadid.

Fig 23. Italy Pavillion in Shanghai EXPO 2010

Fig 24. Heydar Aliyev Cente by Zaha Hadid

Karamba Analysis (gravity load only)

200mm Concrete wall, Max. Displacement 1.72

200mm Concrete wall, Max. Displacement 4.04

200mm Ruled surface concrete wall, Max. Displacement 6.20

500mm Thickness space frame, Dia 50mm section profile, Max. Displacement 5.08

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Transparent Concrete Research done by George Avraam Optical Fibres as Aggregates – 4-5% conduct light from artificial and natural sources even at an angle of incidence of more than 60 degrees.

Yering of fibres in intervals of 2-5mm the thinner the layers the more see through the concrete An important point to note is that translucent concrete does not contain coarse aggregates (Only sand) Stuttgart City Library in Germany European Gate

I.light (cement) by Italcementi https://www.heidelbergcement.com/en/italian-pavilion-shanghai - admixtures bind a matrix of plastic resins inside the cement-based material without generating cracks or weakening the structure - does not contain fiber optics like traditional transparent cements - The resins of different colours react both with natural and artificial light creating a warm and soft light inside the building and an image of bright shininess on the outside In the Italian Pavillion 50kg each panel, length 100cm and thickness 5cm, Width is 50cm 20% of surface is transparent

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Step 4 - Structure Density Optimisation | diagram by George Avraam

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Structure density optimisation All the analysis are applied with gravity load, 1.4kN/sqm Live load and 2.5kN/sqm north wind load.

Primary 66, Secondary 20, Skylight 7, Max Disp. 32

Primary 130, Secondary 8, Skylight 5, Max Disp. 16.71

Primary 72, Secondary 10, Skylight 5, Max Disp. 22.85

Primary 133, Secondary 4, Skylight 5, Max Disp. 20.99

Primary 73, Secondary 12, Skylight 5, Max Disp. 21.25

Primary 73, Secondary 5, Skylight 5, Max Disp. 31.64

Selected

Primary 81, Secondary 20, Skylight 5, Max Disp. 16.52

Primary 57, Secondary 20, Skylight 4, Max Disp. 21.64

Primary 96, Secondary 11, Skylight 6, Max Disp. 18.71

Primary 101, Secondary 12, Skylight t, Max Disp. 16.59

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Deviation to 16.5 ry

a Prim

Se

co

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nd

ar

y

Primary Structure - 621 Universal Column

Secondary Structure - 20x20 SHS Steel Beam

Skylight - Dia 100 Space Frame

Front View of the Complete Structure without Cladding

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Construction Process | Diagram by George Avraam

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by George Avraam

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by George Avraam

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Footing detail by George Avraam

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Refined location plan, by George Avraam

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Refined site plan, by George Avraam

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Refined roof plan, scale 1:200 @ A2 by George Avraam

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Refined first floor plan, scale 1:200 @ A2 by George Avraam

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Refined ground floor plan, scale 1:200 @ A2 by George Avraam

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07 | Final Design Proposal This is the last part in the folio that present the final result of winery design.

Team member: George Avraam, Guangen Jin

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Final Design Proposal The project includes winery design at the second highest location on site and glamping accommondation near in the west of the lake. In both designs, people will have a great view to the vineyard and convenient access from the main roads.

Winery

Glamping

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Sitting Diagram

Vantage Points

Site V

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View

Site Access

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Computational Design Work Flow by George Avraam Form generation is same as the last proposal, but in structural configuration, reducing material weight and maximum displacement becomes the first goal for the optimisation.

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1. Form Optimisation Three types of load are applied: gravity, 1.4 kN/m2 vertical load, 2.5 kN/m2 north wind load

Max Disp. 230.16 cm

Max Disp. 28.50 cm

Selected

Max Disp. 59.54 cm

Max Disp. 19.77 cm

Max Disp. 133.47 cm

Max Disp. 17.44 cm

Max Disp. 19.23 cm

Max Disp. 20.75 cm

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2. Structural Optimisation

Material Weight

After form optimisation, steel structure and concrete cladding are used for the structure. Material weight and displacement become criteria for the second-step optimisation. Four types of load are applied: gravity, 1.4 kN/m2 vertical load, 2.5 kN/m2 north wind load and 24 kN/m3 concrete material weight.

Deviation to Displacement 18.2 cm

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68.05 ton, Displacement 20.5 cm

62.98 ton, Displacement 43.91 cm

61.02 ton, Displacement 38.64 cm

Selected

144.40 ton, Displacement 23.7 cm

125.48 ton, Displacement 20.6 cm

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110.85 ton, Displacement 19.02 cm

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Interior Rendering by George Avraam

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Structural Detail of Mero Node Joints and Concrete Cladding

INTERIOR SIDE

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EXTERIOR SIDE DIA. 60 MM CIRCULAR HOLLOW SECTION STEEL BEAM

75 MM PREFABRICATED CONCRETE CLADDING WITH EMBEDDED WELDING PLATES

SILICONE STRUCTURAL ADHESIVE BETWEEN TWO CONCRETE CLADDINGS MERO NODE SYSTEM TO CONNECT STEEL ELEMENTS CUSTOMISED ANGLE BOLTED TO EMBEDDED WELDING PLATES ON CONCRETE CLADDINGS

35 MM EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE (EPS) INSULATION BOARD ON INTERIOR SIDE OF CONCRETE CLADDING 30 MM CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE CLADDING

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Structural Detail of Skylight

ALUMINIUM FLASHING 35 MM EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE (EPS) INSULATION BOARD ON INTERIOR SIDE OF CONCRETE CLADDING MERO NODE SYSTEM TO CONNECT STEEL ELEMENTS 100X100 MM ALUMINUM SKYLIGHT FRAME

12 MM LAMINATED GLASS

PREFABRICATED PLUGIN WELDED TO THE STEEL EDGE BEAM AND INSERT INTO SKYLIGHT FRAME 200X150 MM SKYLIGHT EDGE BEAM 30 MM CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE CLADDING 75 MM CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE CLADDING INTERIOR SIDE

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EXTERIOR SIDE

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Structural Detail of Ground Anchor Joint 30 MM CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE CLADDING 35 MM EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE (EPS) INSULATION BOARD ON INTERIOR SIDE OF CONCRETE CLADDING 75 MM CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE CLADDING

PREFABRICATED STEEL PLATE ON EDGE BEAM BOLTED TO MERO NODE

ALUMINIUM FLASHING WRAP AROUND THE BOTTOM OF EDGE BEAM DIA 300MM EDGE BEAM WITH PREFABRICATED STEEL PLATE TO CONNECT FOOTING AND STEEL TRUSS

STEEL ANCHOR TO SUPPORT EDGE BEAM, DETAIL TO ENGINEER’S SPECIFICATION

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INTERIOR SIDE

EXTERIOR SIDE

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Overall Construction Means & Methods by George Avraam

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Standardisation of Structural Framing by George Avraam

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Detail of Cladding Method Production by George Avraam

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Final Glamping Design - George Avraam

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4 km

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3m

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Bibliography Addis,Bill. "Physical modelling and form finding." in Shell structures for architecture : form finding and optimization, ed. Sigrid Adriaenssens and Jörg Schlaich, 33-44. Routledge, 2014.

Bletzinger, Kai-Uwe and Ekkehard Ramm. "Computational form finding and optimization." in Shell structures for architecture : form finding and optimization, edited by Sigrid Adriaenssens and Jörg Schlaich, 45-55. Routledge, 2014.

Dierkes, Ulrich, Stefan Hildebrandt and Friedrich Sauvigny. "3.5 Examples of Minimal Surfaces." In Minimal Surfaces, 135-174. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media, 2010.

Graefe, Rainer. "Vaults and domes shells and space structures grid shells - examples from the history of architecture and building." in IL10: Gitterschalen – Grid Shells, edited by Jurgen Hennicke and Eda Schaur, 10-27. Stuttgart: Institut für leichte Flächentragwerke (IL)/Karl Krämer Verlag, 1974.

Nahin, Paul J. "Beyond Calculus." In When Least Is Best: How Mathematicians Discovered Many Clever Ways to Make Things as Small (or as Large) as Possible, 265-6. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007.

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Image Reference Fig. 1. Gielm, Immanuel . Multihalle in Mannheim, a wooden gridshell structure designed by Frei Otto.

2006. Photograph. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gridshell Fig. 2. D'Amico, Bernardino. Trio gridshell in Lecce, Italy 2010(CMMKM Architettura e Design). 2015.

Photograph. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277604591_Timber_gridshells_Numerical_ simulation_design_and_construction_of_a_full_scale_structure.

Fig. 3. Hübsch, Heinrich. Investigation of the form and construction of various vaults using a hanging chain, 1835. In Shell structures for architecture : form finding and optimization, ed. Sigrid Adriaenssens and Jörg Schlaich. Routledge, 2014, 37.

Fig. 4. Shell structures for architecture : form finding and optimization, ed. Sigrid Adriaenssens and Jörg Schlaich. Routledge, 2014, 32.

Fig. 5. Glenn Howells Architects. The Savil Building. 2006. Photograph. https://www.archilovers.com/ projects/119215/the-savill-building.html Fig. 6. Glenn Howells Architects. Savill Building. 2006. Photograph. https://www.glennhowells.co.uk/ project/savill-building/ Fig. 7. Glenn Howells Architects. The plan area of the gridshell is defined by the area of intersection between two circles, 2006. In Timber gridshell: Architecture, structure and craft. Routledge, 2016, 135.

Fig. 8. Glenn Howells Architects. Savill Building. 2006. Photograph. https://www.glennhowells.co.uk/ project/savill-building/ Fig. 9. Chilton, John and Gabriel Tang. Timber gridshell: Architecture, structure and craft. Routledge, 2016.

Fig. 10. Harris, Richard , Steve Haskins and Jonathan Roynon, "The Savill Garden gridshell: design and construction," The structural engineer (2008): 27-34.

Fig. 11. Ibid.

Fig. 12. Ibid.

Fig. 13. Ibid.

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Fig. 14. "Yarra Ranges Vegetation Communities." Yarra Ranges Vegetation Communities - Shire of Yarra Ranges. December 2008. https://www.yumpu.com/it/document/read/11520200/yarra-rangesvegetation-communities-shire-of-yarra-ranges Fig. 15. "Manual 7 – Marine borer attack on timber structures." Forest & wood products Australia. August 2007. https://www.fwpa.com.au/images/marketaccess/ManualNo7-MarineBorerAttack.pdf.

Fig. 16. J.MAYER.H. Metropol Parasol. 2011. Photograph. https://www.jmayerh.de/19-0-MetropolParasol.html.

Fig.17. Shigeru Ban Architects. Haesley Nine Bridges Golf Club House. 2010. Photograph. http://www. shigerubanarchitects.com/works/2010_haesley-nine-bridges/index.html.

Fig. 18. Archdaily. Centre Pompidou-Metz / Shigeru Ban Architects, 2010. Photograph. https://www. archdaily.com/490141/centre-pompidou-metz-shigeru-ban-architects.

Fig. 19. Zexin, Sun and Hongyuan Mei, Robotic Form-Finding and Construction Based on the Architectural Projection Logic. Photograph. 2017. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318103333_Robotic_ Form-Finding_and_Construction_Based_on_the_Architectural_Projection_Logic.

Fig. 20. Krishnavedala. A catenoid. 2011. Photograph. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenoid#/media/ File:Catenoid.svg.

Fig. 21. Antony Gibbon Designs. Twine. Photograph. https://www.archdaily.com/926032/antony-gibbontwists-concrete-in-twine-series-one.

Fig. 22.BIG. The Twist. Photograph. https://www.e-architect.co.uk/norway/the-twist-at-kistefos-jevnakermuseum.

Fig. 23. HeidelbergCement. Italian Pavilion - Expo Shanghai 2010, China. Photograph. https://www. heidelbergcement.com/en/italian-pavilion-shanghai.

Fig. 24. zaha hadid architects. zaha hadid: heydar aliyev cultural centre construction progress.

Photograph. https://www.designboom.com/architecture/zaha-hadid-heydar-aliyev-cultural-centreprogress/.

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