Action Greensboro 2025 Pre-K to 12 Public Education Report

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT A comprehensive, by-the-numbers look at the status of Pre-K to 12 education in Guilford County.

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

CONTENTS

04

CHAPTER 1 Early Childhood Education

54

CHAPTER 6 Academic Performance

16

CHAPTER 2 Overview of Guilford County Schools

64

CHAPTER 7 PostSecondary Readiness

22

CHAPTER 3 Financial Overview

70

CHAPTER 8 Student Support Services

40

CHAPTER 4 Educator Workforce

76

CHAPTER 9 Operational Highlights

46

CHAPTER 5 Enrollment and Attendance Trends

86

CHAPTER 10 Conclusion and Key Takeaways

ACTION GREENSBORO INTRODUCTION

OUR KIDS, OUR SCHOOLS, OUR FUTURE

G

uilford County's future begins with our youngest learners. When reading Action Greensboro's 2025 Pre-K to 12 Public Education Report, we encourage you to consider the educational challenges that will shape our community for generations.

Guilford County is home to 31,555 children (infants to age five). This is a pivotal stage for brain development.

To support their growth and wellbeing, a variety of resources and programs are available to families throughout the county.

With 120 schools serving more than 66,000 students, Guilford County Schools (GCS) provides the foundation for tomorrow's workforce and community leaders.

While we celebrate innovative programs and rising graduation rates, we must be aware of these facts: Too many families struggle to find affordable, licensed childcare.

Teacher attrition has risen to 18.3%, the highest increase among peer districts.

Financial constraints threaten essential student support services as pandemic-era federal funding expires.

Overall GCS enrollment has declined 7.41% over the past decade.

This report serves as an assessment and a roadmap for strengthening education in Guilford County. The solutions won't come from schools alone — they require collaboration from businesses, educators, elected officials, and residents like you.

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

FOUR KEY CHALLENGES FOR OUR FUTURE 1.

Expanding Access and Affordability of Early Childhood Education

In Guilford County, only 30.9% of young children attend licensed childcare, though nearly 70% have working parents. Childcare costs exceed 20% of median household income, making it unaffordable for many families. Despite available funds, almost 500 children remain on subsidy waitlists. Meanwhile, early childhood educators earn $13.50 an hour, forcing nearly half to rely on public assistance.

2. Addressing Enrollment and Funding Challenges GCS has experienced a 7.41% enrollment decline over the past decade a significant portion of county education funding goes toward debt service for capital projects. This limits funds for teacher pay and classroom resources. We must explore new revenue sources, like a dedicated education sales tax, while strengthening public school offerings to attract and retain families.

3. Improving Teacher Retention and Recruitment GCS teacher attrition has risen to 18.3% in 2022–23 — the highest increase among peer districts. Despite local salary supplements, pay stagnation and regional disparities make retaining experienced educators difficult. We need to prioritize competitive compensation, develop retention strategies, and create new pathways into education careers.

4. Sustaining Student Support Services Essential food security, mental health, telehealth, and academic recovery programs are threatened by expiring federal funds. High-dosage tutoring programs are already being scaled back despite proven effectiveness. Without dedicated resources, GCS risks losing services that bridge opportunity gaps and support student well-being.

EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION

Guilford County faces significant challenges in early childhood education, with high costs and limited access to licensed childcare programs despite substantial investment. As the foundation for kindergarten readiness, early childhood education is critical, yet affordability and availability remain major hurdles for many families in the county.

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

1.1

FOUNDATIONS OF LEARNING

T

he gap between need and access is stark, with childcare costs consuming over 20% of the median household income for many families, while nearly 500 children remain on a childcare subsidy waitlist as of September 2024.

Despite $32.4 million spent on local childcare subsidies in 2024, the system continues to face mounting pressures, such as:

17,166 children under age six live in families

earning below 200% of the federal poverty level.

Guilford County has the state's highest childcare cost-to-income ratio.

Early childhood educators earn a median wage of just $13.50 per hour (significantly below neighboring counties).

ACTION GREENSBORO CHAPTER 1

1.2

EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION IN GUILFORD COUNTY Guilford County faces big challenges in early childhood education, serving a population of 31,550 children from birth through age five, not yet in school.

Financial constraints significantly impact access to early childhood education.

For example, 17,166 children under age six live in families earning below 200% of the federal poverty level. To support

affordability, 2,330 children receive childcare subsidy assistance each month.

The NC Pre-K program, designed to provide high-quality early education, serves 2,166 children in Guilford County. While this initiative supports school readiness, the demand for affordable, high-quality early childhood education continues to exceed available resources.

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION ENROLLMENT 2019

2024

Five Year Change

Population

Childcare Enrollment

% Enrolled

Population

Childcare Enrollment

% Enrolled

Population

Enrollment

Birth to 1

6,039

694

11.5%

6,057

648

10.7%

0.3%

-6.6%

1

6,111

1,375

22.5%

5,942

1,312

22.1%

-2.8%

-4.6%

2

6,181

1,734

28.1%

5,800

1,798

31.0%

-6.2%

3.7%

3

6,127

2,106

34.4%

5,815

1,853

31.9%

-5.1%

-12.0%

4–5 not yet in school

8,062

4,800

59.5%

7,936

4,127

52.0%

-1.6%

-14.0%

Total

32,520

10,709

32.9%

31,550

9,738

30.9%

-3.0%

-9.1%

Age

Source: NC Division of Child Development and Early Education, Guilford County Partnership for Children 2024 Community Needs Assessment Report

Recent data shows a concerning decline in early childhood education enrollment.

As of 2024, only 30.9% of children ages 0–5 are enrolled in licensed childcare, representing a 9.1% decrease from 2019: Infants (<1 year): Lowest enrollment rates at 10.7% Toddlers (1–2 years): Gradual increase by age to 22.1%–31% Preschoolers and Pre-K (3–5 years): Highest enrollment at 31.9%–52%

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1.3

DIVERSITY AND DEMOGRAPHICS OF YOUNG CHILDREN

2024 POPULATION ESTIMATES BY RACE The county's young population (ages 0–5) reflects significant racial diversity, with:

42.4% WHITE

41.0%

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

20.1% HISPANIC OR LATINO

6.1% ASIAN

10.0% OTHER

Source: NC Office of State Budget and Management, Guilford County Partnership for Children 2024 Community Needs Assessment Report

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

1.4

POVERTY, SUBSIDIES, AND YOUNG CHILDREN Childcare costs remain a

significant barrier for many families in Guilford County:

The county has implemented various support mechanisms:

four-star center care for a

$30.4 million spent on childcare subsidies in 2024 (serving about 3,600 children each month; approximately 500 children are currently on the waitlist)

two-year-old: $12,193 (20.8%

of median household income)

$2 million was allocated to the subsidy program by the Guilford County Partnership for Children

Family Child Care Home cost

$13.87 million spent for the NC Pre-K program (providing 2,166 slots for eligible four-year-olds at no cost to families)

Average annual cost for a

for a four-year-old: $9,515 (16.2% of median household income)

ESTIMATED NUMBERS OF CHILDREN NEEDING SUBSIDIZED CARE, 2024 Ages 0–2

Ages 3–5

Estimated number of children needing care and below poverty based on children in working parent(s) household and child poverty rate

2,944

2,277

Number receiving subsidized care through DSS — Non–Smart Start

971

1,510

Number receiving subsidized care through DSS — Smart Start–funded

63

138

NC Pre-K in GCS public sites

0

936

NC Pre-K in private sites

0

762

NC Pre-K in Head Start sites

0

468

Head Start

247

678

Note: Services may be duplicated across programs due to dual subsidy programs, summer care and wraparound care needed after hours.

Source: Guilford County Partnership for Children 2024 Community Needs Assessment Report

ACTION GREENSBORO CHAPTER 1

POVERTY, SUBSIDIES, AND YOUNG CHILDREN (CONTINUED) While nearly 70% of young children have working parents, only 30.9% find places in licensed childcare programs.

These licensed centers serve as vital community resources, offering not just quality care but essential services like meals and subsidized options for lowerincome families.

The geography of poverty and childcare in the county tells an important story. Central Greensboro and High Point, areas with higher concentrations of poverty, host more childcare facilities — a purposeful response to community needs. Yet despite this strategic placement, significant gaps remain. A quarter of the county's young children live in families below the federal poverty level.

Programs like NC Pre-K and Head Start have stepped in to bridge these gaps, offering free preschool for four-year-olds and early education opportunities for low-income families. Even with subsidies and assistance programs, the demand for quality childcare continues to outpace availability.

The solution requires expanding access to licensed facilities and increasing program funding — essential steps to ensure working parents can access the childcare their families need.

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

1.5

CHILDCARE COSTS AVERAGE ANNUAL FULL-TIME CHILDCARE COST FOR A TWO-YEAR-OLD IN FOUR-STAR CARE AND PERCENTAGE OF MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME Family Child Care Home

Center

County

Median Household Income

Average Annual FT Childcare Rate 4-Star 2-YearOld Care

% of Median HH Income

Average Annual FT Childcare Rate 4-Star 2-YearOld Care

% of Median HH Income

Durham

$67,000

$14,168

21.1%

$12,189

18.2%

Forsyth

$56,830

$11,774

20.7%

$9,680

17.0%

Mecklenburg

$73,124

$14,399

19.7%

$11,107

15.2%

Wake

$88,471

$15,668

17.7%

$11,509

13.0%

Guilford

$58,646

$12,193

20.8%

$9,515

16.2%

NC

$60,516

$11,270

18.6%

$9,725

16.1%

Source: U.S. Census, NC Office of State Budget and Management, Guilford County Partnership for Children 2024 Community Needs Assessment Report, Child Care Resources Inc.

ACTION GREENSBORO CHAPTER 1

Guilford County has the state's highest childcare cost-to-income ratio.

county's $35.8 million allocation went unused.

For 2025, the county has earmarked $33.1 million

Recognizing this burden, Guilford County invested $32.4 million in childcare subsidies during 2024, helping about 3,600 children monthly. Yet the system shows both unmet needs and unused resources.

for subsidies, though this may increase.

As of September 2024, 500 children remain on childcare subsidy waitlists, and $5.3 million of the

situation might spend nearly one-third of her

Even families receiving subsidies must contribute 10% of their income toward care. The impact is even more dramatic for those just above

the subsidy threshold — a single mother in this income on childcare alone.

NUMBER OF CHILDREN AGES 0–5 BY CENSUS TRACT IN GUILFORD COUNTY WITH CHILDCARE FACILITIES BY STAR LEVEL Population of Children Under 5

Town of Stokesdale

347.8–695.5

Town of Oak Ridge

0.0–347.8

Town of Summerfield

695.5–1,043.3 1,043.3–1,391.0 Town of

Kernersville Childcare Facilities

City of Greensboro

4–5 Star: Center

City of Burlington

4–5 Star: Family/Home

1–3 Star or Temp: Center 1–3 Star or Temp: Family/Home Religious-Affiliated Childcare Centers (Exempt Star Rating)

City of High Point

Town of Jamestown Town of Pleasant Garden City of Archdale Source: North Carolina Partnership for Children

The above map shows that areas in Guilford County with high child populations often lack enough childcare facilities, especially high-quality ones. While Greensboro and High Point have more options, rural and high-demand areas face shortages, with some relying on lower-rated providers. This highlights a need for more quality childcare access across the county.

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

1.6

NC PRE-K

The NC Pre-K program is a cornerstone of early education in Guilford County, operating 145 classrooms across multiple settings.

KEY HIGHLIGHTS

2,166

2,838

1,025

available placements for 2024–25

qualifying applications submitted for 2024–25

applications received for 2025–26 school year*

75

26

44

classrooms in GCS

classrooms in Head Start

classrooms in private early care and education facilities

Demonstrated improvements in mathematics

2024 SCHOOL YEAR START

END

29.2% 76.2% *Within the first month of enrollment

Source: Guilford County Partnership for Children NC Pre-K Program, NC Department of Public Instruction, NC Infant-Toddler Program Children's Developmental Services Agency

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1.7

SCHOOL READINESS Multiple factors influence children's preparedness for school in Guilford County.

ACCESS TO SUPPORT SERVICES

CHILD SAFETY

of families indicated they have experienced waitlists for family support services.

of children experienced an investigative report of abuse or neglect.

FOOD INSECURITY

ECONOMIC STABILITY

of children face food insecurity.

of income is spent on housing by many families.

45%

23.3%

5.4%

>30%

Source: Guilford County Partnership for Children 2024 Community Needs Assessment Report, North Carolina Partnership for Children, Feeding America, NC Housing Coalition

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

1.8

EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION WORKFORCE The early childhood education workforce faces significant challenges in Guilford County: $13.50 is the median hourly wage for early childhood educators $19.23 is the median hourly wage for childcare facility administrators 49% of early childhood educators rely on public assistance 10% lack health insurance coverage at the workplace 50% of early childhood educators are between 40 to 60 years old These financial strains not only impact educators' well-being but also contribute to high turnover rates, undermining the stability and quality of early childhood programs.

HOURLY WAGES AND MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATORS, 2023 Median Hourly Reported Wage County

Median Household Income

Median Household Income (hourly rate)

Administrators

Teaching Staff

Durham

$67,000

$32.21

$23.00

$16.71

Forsyth

$56,830

$27.32

$17.31

$14.00

Mecklenburg

$73,124

$35.16

$24.04

$15.50

Wake

$88,471

$42.53

$25.48

$16.50

Guilford

$58,646

$28.20

$19.23

$13.50

NC

$60,516

$29.09

$21.63

$14.42

Source: Child Care Services Association, Guilford County Partnership for Children 2024 Community Needs Assessment Report

OVERVIEW OF GUILFORD COUNTY SCHOOLS

GCS is the third-largest district in North Carolina, serving nearly 67,000 diverse students across 120 schools with an annual budget of about $844 million and a workforce of roughly 9,156 employees.

The district is celebrated for its educational excellence, with a majority non-White student body that speaks over 120 languages and a team that includes 278 National Board Certified Teachers. However, GCS faces challenges such as declining enrollment, significant economic hardship — with 66.3% of students economically disadvantaged — and complex operational issues.

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

2.1

A CLOSER LOOK

W

e created this report to give you a behind-the-scenes look at GCS, the third-largest school district in North Carolina and one of the largest among more than 14,000 districts in the U.S. Serving nearly 67,000 Pre-K through 12th-grade students across 120 schools, GCS is recognized both statewide and nationally for its excellence in education.

GCS is one of the largest employers in Guilford County, with approximately 9,200 employees working across the school system" removing 120 schools and 345 total facilities. With an annual budget of approximately $844 million, the district remains committed to providing high-quality education and opportunities for all students.

GCS students reflect the rich diversity of the community, with 73% identifying as non-White.

However, as you’ll learn in this report, many students face significant economic challenges.

For example, in 2023, 22% of children under 18 in Guilford County were living below the federal poverty level, and 2,730 were designated “in transition” or unhoused. For context, the federal poverty threshold in 2023 was $24,526 for a family of two adults and one child. Within GCS, 66.3% of students are classified as economically disadvantaged.

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2.2

ENROLLMENT While public schools continue to serve the majority of students in the county, let's explore an overview of students and staff.

2023–24 SCHOOL ENROLLMENT Enrollment

Number of Students

Guilford County Schools Pre-K to 12

66,474

Publicly Funded Charter Schools

10,395

Homeschool

4,999

Private Schools

7,156

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT, 2023–24

11.7% Publicly Funded Charter Schools

74.7%

Guilford County Schools Pre-K to 12

5.6% Homeschool 8% Private Schools Source: Guilford County Schools

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

2.3

STUDENT DEMOGRAPHICS GCS reflects the racial and cultural diversity of the broader community, with a student population that is majority non-White. In addition to its racial diversity, GCS is home to a linguistically diverse student body, with more than 120 languages and dialects spoken across the district.

GUILFORD COUNTY SCHOOLS ENROLLMENT BY RACE, 2023–24*

18.6%

or 26.9% Hispanic Latino White 42.14% Black

42.1%

Black or African American

*Based on 20-day count

5.1% Multiracial 0.3% American Indian 0.1% Pacific Islander 6.9% Asian Source: Guilford County Schools

TOP 5 LANGUAGES IN GCS OTHER THAN ENGLISH Language

Number of Students

Spanish

5,211

Arabic

721

Swahili/Kiswahili

325

Vietnamese

278

Hindi/Indian/Urdu

273

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2.4

STAFFING GCS has a teacher-student ratio of 13.7. GCS is also home to 278 National Board Certified Teachers, demonstrating a strong commitment to high-quality instruction. This dedicated team ensures that GCS remains focused on providing students with a strong educational foundation.

9,156 Current GCS Employees, 2024-25

4,850

Classroom Teachers

278 National Board Certified Teachers

2,911

Classified School Support Bus Drivers, School Nutrition, Teacher Assistants, Technology Services, Maintenance, Office Support

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

1,047

268

Licensed School Support

School Administrators

Counselors, Social Workers, Media Specialists, Psychologists, Instructional Coaches

Principals & Assistant Principals

80

District Administrators

Chiefs, Executive Directors, Directors

Source: Guilford County Schools

FINANCIAL OVERVIEW

Public education in North Carolina is funded through a layered and often complicated partnership between federal, state, and county governments. This shared responsibility creates a distinctive framework that shapes how both traditional public schools and charter schools are supported — especially in counties like Guilford, where strong local investment is needed to supplement state and federal contributions. Understanding how these funding sources interact is essential to making sense of how resources are allocated, how priorities are set, and how financial decisions impact the day-to-day experiences of students and educators alike.

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

3.1

K-12 EDUCATION FUNDING IN NORTH CAROLINA

N

orth Carolina takes a unique approach to funding public education, with responsibilities divided between

federal, state, and county governments. This

system impacts both traditional public schools and charter schools in Greensboro, creating a complex but structured funding framework.

FEDERAL RESPONSIBILITIES Federal funding plays a supplemental role in North Carolina’s school finance system, providing targeted support for specific

programs and student populations rather than serving as a primary funding source. In the

2022–23 school year, federal funds accounted

for 17% of total public school spending statewide.

Key Areas of Federal Funding in NC Schools: Title I Funding: Supports schools with high percentages of low-income students to improve academic achievement.

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

(IDEA) Funds: Provides resources for students with disabilities, including specialized

instruction, support services, and accessibility improvements.

Child Nutrition Programs: USDA funds free and reduced-price meal programs to support student nutrition.

Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Fund: Temporary COVID-19 relief funding that helped schools address pandemic-related challenges, such as learning loss and technology needs.

Career and Technical Education (CTE) Grants: Supports workforce development programs and vocational training.

In GCS, federal funds help bridge gaps in funding for economically disadvantaged students, provide resources for special education, and ensure access to critical programs like school meals and careerreadiness initiatives. However, because federal dollars are often restricted to specific uses, they do not replace the need for strong state and local funding to cover core instructional and operational costs.

STATE RESPONSIBILITIES North Carolina holds primary responsibility for funding school operations, particularly instructional expenses. This encompasses core educational programs defined in the standard course of study, basic operational costs, and primary funding for teacher and staff salaries. The state’s commitment ensures a foundation of educational resources across all public schools.

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3.2

GUILFORD COUNTY’S ROLE IN FUNDING EDUCATION EDUCATION IS THE LARGEST PERCENTAGE OF GUILFORD COUNTY’S BUDGET North Carolina counties, including Guilford County, appropriate a substantial portion of their budget to support public education.

Although public education is primarily a responsibility of the state and most funding is provided by the state directly to GCS (including charter schools), all counties are required to fund certain operating and capital expenses for local public schools.

For public school systems, the General Statutes require that the following categories be provided for mainly from local county funds (generally property or sales tax): School facilities, furniture, and apparatus School facilities and furniture Library, science, and classroom equipment Water supply and sanitary facilities School maintenance and repairs Instructional supplies and reference books School property insurance Fire inspections Counties may provide additional funds,

within the financial resources and consistent with the fiscal policies of the board of county commissioners, to support the educational goals and policies of the state and the local

board of education. Once appropriated by the County Board of Commissioners, the Guilford County Board of Education chooses how these funds are prioritized, including how much to allocate to its personnel, capital needs, and other expenses.

Interestingly, while the county manages the debt for school construction, the facilities themselves are owned by the school board.

Education-related spending, including debt payments, makes up about 47% of the General Fund expenditures, totaling over $250 million in annual operating support. Since fiscal year 2021, the County Board of Commissioners has increased local current expense funding for GCS by more than $60 million.

The county committed $50 million at an annual 2% growth, which has grown to $52 million, to service $2 billion in debt supporting voter-approved school capital construction.

Investment in public education has remained one of the County Board of Commissioners' highest priorities over the last five fiscal years, resulting in a cumulative increase of $140 million.

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3.3

FUNDING OF CHARTER SCHOOLS IN NORTH CAROLINA HOW CHARTER SCHOOLS ARE FUNDED IN NORTH CAROLINA Charter schools in North Carolina are publicly funded schools that operate independently from local school districts. They receive funding from state and local sources, much like traditional public schools.

Under North Carolina General Statute, charter schools receive funding equal to the perstudent allocation from the local school district in which they are located. This means that as more students enroll in charter schools, a portion of the funding that would have gone to the traditional public school system is redirected to those charter schools.

In 2024, the state allocated $1 billion to North Carolina’s 211 charter schools, illustrating the significant role charter schools play in public education funding.

FOUR REVENUE SOURCES FOR PUBLIC EDUCATION Public education in North Carolina is funded through four major revenue sources: General Fund Appropriations: The primary source of state funding for public schools.

Fines and Forfeitures: Revenue collected from penalties and legal fines.

Sales Tax Refunds: Funds generated from tax rebates.

Lottery Receipts: Proceeds from the state lottery designated for education.

Charter schools benefit from all these funding streams, as they receive allocations similar to traditional public schools.

THE FUNDING PROCESS State Funding:

Local Funding:

Charter schools receive an initial allotment of 34% of their state funding after the General Assembly adjourns.

Charter schools receive a per-

Another 32% is distributed before the end of February.

a student's enrollment.

Schools with three years of good financial standing gain access to 100% of their state funding.

if local school districts receive

student share of the local school

district’s budget within 30 days of Additional transfers may occur increased funding later in the year.

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

HOW CHARTER SCHOOL FUNDING IMPACTS GUILFORD COUNTY SCHOOLS As charter school enrollment increases, the amount of funding redirected from GCS also rises.

Between the 2018–19 and 2022–23 school years, state and local funding for charter schools in Guilford County grew by over $36 million.

GUILFORD COUNTY CHARTER SCHOOL STATE AND LOCAL FUNDS $100M $75M $50M

$58,101,269

$64,288,916

$72,157,511

2019–20

2020–21

$76,628,191

$94,344,863

$25M $0.00

2018–19

2021–22

2022–23

Charter School State and Local Funds

TWO CHALLENGES FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS 1) Funding Distribution Timing

2) Per-Pupil Allotment and Student Needs

Charter schools receive

North Carolina’s funding formula allocates money per student but does not fully account for differences in student needs.

year enrollment numbers.

Traditional public schools tend to serve a higher percentage of students who require additional resources, such as: – English as a Second Language (ESL) learners – Students with disabilities requiring Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) – Students needing free or reduced-price lunch and other support services

funding based on earlyHowever, if a student transfers back to a

traditional public school

later in the year, the funding does not necessarily follow them. This means GCS must educate those

students without receiving financial support.

Charter schools may not enroll as many high-need students, meaning they often have fewer financial obligations related to special education and support services.

NUANCES OF CHARTER SCHOOL FUNDING Charter schools benefit from predictable budgets since they receive a set per-pupil amount. However, traditional public schools must manage fluctuating enrollment and accommodate students who return from charter schools mid-year — often without funding.

While charter schools provide families with more educational alternatives, the way funding is allocated can create financial challenges for public schools, particularly when accommodating students with greater educational needs. Understanding these dynamics is essential for making informed decisions about the future of public education in Guilford County.

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3.4

GUILFORD COUNTY’S INVESTMENT IN SCHOOLS The FY25 budget allocates $431,639,361 between the General Fund, Capital Outlay, and Debt Service Fund for support of GCS and local charter schools (included in the GCS allocation), including debt service on voter-approved bonds for school and college facilities. This amount includes

$386.8 million in net county funds, which generally refer to property tax and sales tax.

Despite having a lower tax base and higher

poverty levels than nearby counties, Guilford County prioritizes education funding.

COUNTY FUNDING OF GCS Year

Operating Budget

Capital Outlay Budget

$1.7 Billion School Bond Plan

School Debt Repayment

Total School Support

Cumulative Increase

FY2021

$209,610,398

$3,116,528

-

$67,551,167

$280,278,093

-

FY2022

$225,610,398

$4,000,000

-

$68,526,583

$298,136,981

$17,858,888

FY2023

$244,810,398

$10,000,000

$50,000,000

$73,884,234

$378,694,632

$98,416,539

FY2024

$260,226,073

$6,500,000

$51,100,000

$77,596,398

$395,442,471

$115,164,378

FY2025

$270,226,073

$10,000,000

$52,130,000

$99,283,288

$431,639,361

$151,361,268

Source: Guilford County Budget Office

Guilford County faces significant revenue limitations and competing community needs because it: Ranks 45th out of 100 North Carolina counties in taxable property per capita.

Has a higher-than-average Medicaid eligibility rate (52nd out of 100 counties).

Yet the Public School Forum of North Carolina ranks Guilford County ninth statewide in allocated education funding, relative to its ability to pay. This commitment reflects a choice to maximize educational investment, despite having fewer available resources than wealthier counties in North Carolina.

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

$2 BILLION INVESTMENT IN SCHOOL CAPITAL 4. Reduce overall cost of infrastructure for our residents by incorporating a more fiscally conservative “pay-as-You-go” model for construction, renovation, and maintenance.

Starting in 2021, the Board of Commissioners

began intentional conversations on addressing

deferred capital maintenance needs for countymandated functions, including public schools.

5. Limit change in property tax rate to provide predictability and stability for our residents and businesses.

Through this work, the Board of Education

and Board of Commissioners developed the following principles:

The charts below show how this developed model will support the current debt service (blue bars) and future debt service (green bars) by setting aside an annual $50 million allocation, in addition to existing property tax, sales tax, and other revenue sources supporting school

1. Address Guilford County Public Schools and County's current and future capital needs

and deferred major maintenance in a timely manner to provide adequate public facilities and services.

2. Protect the county's ability to provide and

debt repayment. The chart on the right shows the cumulative buildup, paydown, and future reserves that will accumulate to support future school capital needs.

enhance other services for our residents.

3. Design a stable funding model that fits

existing revenue sources as much as possible.

DEBT SERVICE SUSTAINABILITY PLAN Existing Debt Service

Total Revenues Available

Proposed Debt Service

$250

$150

$100

2051

2050

2049

2048

2047

2046

2045

2044

2042

2043

2041

2040

2039

2038

2037

2036

2035

2033

2034

2032

2031

2030

2029

2028

2027

2026

2025

$0

2023

$50

2024

Millions

$200

Source: Guilford County Budget Office

ACTION GREENSBORO CHAPTER 3

SALES TAX AND USE TAX RATES Roughly half of North Carolina counties have been authorized and voted to increase their sales tax, with each county able to designate a portion for specific uses such as education or transit. While many counties have opted to implement this additional revenue stream, Guilford County voters have consistently

chosen not to approve a sales tax increase in multiple elections. As a result, Guilford County faces limitations in funding, which impacts its ability to enhance services and increase funding for education, and infrastructure.

This also places a greater reliance on property tax revenue to meet the county’s needs, shifting the financial burden onto homeowners and businesses.

SALES AND USE TAX RATES, EFFECTIVE JULY 1, 2024 Guilford

6.75%

Forsyth

7%

4.75 to state/2.00 local 4.75 to state/2.00 local/.25 for teacher salaries

Mecklenburg

7.25%

4.75 to state/2.00 local/.50 for transit

Durham

7.5%

4.75 to state/2.00 local/.50 for transit

Wake

7.25%

4.75 to state/2.00 local/.50 for transit

Source: NC Association of County Commissioners

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

3.5

GUILFORD COUNTY SCHOOLS FINANCES

GCS operates under a complex financial system that combines state, federal, and local funding sources to support student learning, infrastructure, and operational needs.

million to $511.3 million in the same period.

However, fluctuating federal grants, declining enrollment, and shifting local revenues pose financial challenges.

For the 2023–24 academic year, GCS allocated $14,700 per student, placing it in the middle of per-pupil spending among comparable North Carolina districts. Funding has steadily increased over the past five years, with county appropriations rising from $207.4 million in 2019-20 to $260.2 million in 2023–24, and state revenue growing from $457.5

The district’s latest budget reflects a significant expansion, growing by 56.97% to $1.62 billion, largely driven by capital improvement projects, federal grants, and increased investments in teachers and student services.

As GCS navigates these financial shifts, maintaining stability and ensuring resources for student success remain key priorities.

ACTION GREENSBORO CHAPTER 3

REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES, 2024–25 GUILFORD COUNTY SCHOOLS REVENUES

$484,617,890

State Public School Fund

$843,912,361 Total

$277,142,063

Local Current Expense Fund (Guilford County)

$82,152,408 Federal Grant Fund

GUILFORD COUNTY SCHOOLS EXPENDITURES

$675,802,655 Salaries and Benefits

$78,360,167 Purchased Services

$843,912,361 Total

$47,235,796

Supplies and Materials

$2,548,043 Equipment

$39,965,700

Transfer/Charter Schools Source: Guilford County Schools

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

PER-PUPIL EXPENDITURES, 2023–24 District

Per-Pupil State

Per-Pupil Federal

Per-Pupil Local

Per-Pupil Total

Guilford County Schools

$7,713.37

$3,134.54

$3,852.62

$14,700.53

Durham County Schools

$7,684.11

$2,629.99

$5,740.35

$16,054.45

Forsyth County Schools

$7,386.00

$2,463.05

$3,689.66

$13,538.71

Charlotte Mecklenburg Schools

$7,237.19

$2,192.41

$3,665.14

$13,094.74

Wake County Schools

$7,161.22

$1,223.97

$3,859.15

$12,244.34

Source: NC Department of Public Instruction

FUNDING PER PUPIL GCS receives a total of $14,700 per student from local, state and federal sources, ranking second highest among five peer districts but trailing Durham County Schools, which leads at $16,054 per student. While state funding is fairly consistent across all districts, differences in federal and local contributions create notable funding gaps.

GCS receives the highest federal funding per student ($3,134), which is largely due to a higher percentage of students from low-income households who qualify for additional federal support. However, local funding in GCS is significantly lower than in Durham, where local investment plays a major role in overall school funding. These differences highlight how federal aid helps support student needs in Guilford County, but local investment

remains a critical factor in determining overall funding levels. Understanding these factors can help frame discussions around education funding priorities in our community.

ACTION GREENSBORO CHAPTER 3

MAJOR REVENUE SOURCES FOR GUILFORD COUNTY SCHOOLS Guilford County’s education revenue

system is a complex blend of local, state, and federal funding, each facing unique

challenges in meeting the growing needs

of students. The Local Current Expense Fund, primarily supported by Guilford County

appropriations, has steadily increased from $207.4M in 2019–20 to $260.2M in 2023–24.

Similarly, while the North Carolina Public

School Fund has grown from $441.1 million to $490.9 million over the same period,

funding remains closely tied to student enrollment, which has seen a decline

since 2018–19. The Federal Grants Fund

experienced a significant boost during the

pandemic, peaking at $169.6 million in 2021–22 and beginning to reduce in 2022– 23 $130.2 million in 2022–23, highlighting the temporary nature of these funds.

Additionally, the Capital Outlay Fund for school construction and maintenance has seen fluctuations, with notable increases in 2022–23 and 2023–24, but remains inconsistent.

As GCS faces declining enrollment, inflationary pressures, and shifting federal support, maintaining financial stability and ensuring adequate resources for students and infrastructure remain critical challenges.

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

FIVE-YEAR FUNDING TRENDS: GUILFORD COUNTY Guilford County Appropriation: Showed consistent growth, rising from $207.4M in 2019–20 to $260.2M in 2023–24.

State Revenue: Increased steadily from $457.5M in 2019–20 to $511.3M in 2023–24.

Federal Grants: Experienced significant fluctuations, particularly a major spike in 2021–22 reaching $169.6M, likely due to pandemicrelated federal funding.

GUILFORD COUNTY SCHOOLS FIVE-YEAR FUNDING TRENDS State Revenue (millions)

County Appropriation (millions)

Federal Grants (millions)

2019–20

$457.5

$207.4

$52.7

2020–21

$466.6

$209.6

$76.4

2021–22

$481.8

$225.6

$169.7

2022–23

$490.9

$244.8

$130.2

2023–24

$511.3

$260.2

$174.6

Five-Year Trend

10.52%

20.30%

69.80%

Year

Source: Guilford County Schools

ACTION GREENSBORO CHAPTER 3

3.6

GCS EXPENSES BY CATEGORY

For the 2024–25 school year, GCS has adopted an operating budget of $843,912,360.

This money goes toward supporting student success, school operations and community engagement. Here’s a quick overview of how it’s distributed:

INSTRUCTIONAL SERVICES

SYSTEM-WIDE SUPPORT SERVICES

Ensures students receive high-quality education, personalized support and enrichment opportunities.

Funds the vital operations and infrastructure that keep schools safe, staffed and running smoothly.

NON-PROGRAM CHARGES

ANCILLARY SERVICES

$632.2 M (74.91%)

$44.9 M (5.32%)

Covers intergovernmental payments, debt services and financial reserves.

$166.7 M (19.76%)

$119,000 (0.01%)

A smaller, but impactful investment that supports nutrition and community programs.

Source: Guilford County Schools

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

INSTRUCTIONAL SERVICES GCS invests 74.91% of its budget in instructional services, reflecting a strong commitment to student learning and success.

This investment supports:

Early childhood education,

Core classroom instruction.

Career and technical education.

Specialized programs for students with disabilities, gifted learners, English language learners and those needing extra academic support.

extended day and yearround learning and alternative instructional pathways.

School counselors, social workers, speech and language specialists and health professionals.

INSTRUCTIONAL SERVICES State

Local

Federal

Operating Budget

Total Operating Budget

Regular Instructional Services

$282,982,495

$80,561,065

$7,275,693

$370,819,253

43.94%

Special Populations Services

$79,268,209

$11,287,740

$13,148,572

$103,704,521

12.29%

Alternative Programs and Services

$18,151,785

$5,254,701

$34,997,373

$58,403,858

6.92%

School Leadership Services

$27,349,090

$21,047,476

$212,170

$48,608,736

5.76%

-

$5,476,319

-

$5,476,319

0.65%

School-Based Support Services

$22,292,907

$15,875,622

$6,978,631

$45,147,160

5.35%

Total

$430,044,485

$139,502,923

$62,612,439

$632,159,847

74.91%

Description

Co-Curricular Services

Source: Guilford County Schools

ACTION GREENSBORO CHAPTER 3

SYSTEM-WIDE SUPPORT SERVICES GCS invests 19.76% of its budget in System-Wide Support Services — the essential operations that keep schools running efficiently and safely.

This investment supports:

Planning and construction of school facilities, financial services and HR.

Curriculum for general education, career and technical education (CTE) and alternative programs.

Communication, public relations and marketing.

Technology services, student testing and academic support functions.

Safety/security, health support and guidance services.

Custodial services, maintenance, transportation, energy and utility management and warehouse operations.

District Administration and Board of Education.

SYSTEM-WIDE SUPPORT SERVICES State

Local

Federal

Operating Budget

Percent of Operating

Support and Development Services

$283,247

$4,190,400

$528,509

$5,002,155

0.59%

Special Population Support and Development Services

$263,881

$2,591,289

$3,932,609

$6,787,779

0.80%

Alternative Programs and Services Support and Development Services

$187,664

$395,776

$2,535,294

$3,118,734

0.37%

Technology Support Services

-

$11,767,939

$118,160

$11,886,099

1.41%

Operational Support Services

$46,476,526

$55,728,799

$4,851,005

$107,056,329

12.69%

Financial and Human Resource Services

$4,332,358

$9,610,214

$7,500

$13,950,072

1.65%

Accountability Services

$30,144

$3,361,866

-

$3,392,010

0.40%

System-wide Pupil Support Services

$414,048

$3,191,329

$29,354

$3,634,730

0.43%

Policy, Leadership and Public Relations Services

$2,503,814

$6,798,635

$2,592,830

$11,895,278

1.41%

Total

$54,491,682

$97,636,247

$14,595,259

$166,723,187

19.76%

Description

Source: Guilford County Schools

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

ANCILLARY SERVICES GCS invests 0.01% of its budget to Ancillary Services. This is a small, but important category that supports students and families beyond the classroom.

This investment supports: Community services

Nutrition services

ANCILLARY SERVICES State

Local

Federal

Operating Budget

Percent of Operating

-

$8,389

-

$8,389

0.00%

Nutrition Services

$81,723

$28,804

-

$110,527

0.01%

Total

$81,723

$37,193

-

$118,916

0.01%

Description Community Services

Source: Guilford County Schools

NON-PROGRAM CHARGES GCS invests 5.32% of its budget in Non-Program Charges. These are financial obligations that support the broader operation and financial health of the district.

This investment supports: Interfund transfers

Payments to charter schools Accounting for leases

NON-PROGRAM CHARGES State

Local

Federal

Operating Budget

Percent of Operating

Payments to Other Governmental Units

-

$39,248,112

$2,868,121

$42,116,233

4.99%

Unbudgeted Funds

-

-

$2,076,589

$2,076,589

0.25%

Debt Services

-

-

-

-

0.00%

Interfund Transfers

-

$717,588

-

$717,588

0.09%

Total

-

$39,965,700

$4,944,709

$44,910,410

5.32%

Description

Source: Guilford County Schools

EDUCATOR WORKFORCE

In GCS, where teacher attrition rose sharply from 2022–23, jumping 10.6% to reach 18.3%, the challenge of maintaining a strong educational workforce has never been more critical.

While North Carolina produced 4,141 new licensed teachers in 2023, local universities contribute only a fraction of the needed workforce. These statistics underscore the urgent need to address teacher recruitment, retention, and compensation as fundamental drivers of educational and economic success in Guilford County.

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

4.1

TEACHER PAY AS AN ECONOMIC INCENTIVE

C

ompetitive teacher pay creates a positive economic cycle in Guilford County.

Higher salaries attract and retain

quality educators, leading to better student outcomes and stronger schools. An enhanced GCS can attract businesses and families, generate more local revenue, support higher teacher pay, and create a self-reinforcing cycle of community growth.

TEACHER SALARY SUPPLEMENTS North Carolina teachers receive a base state salary plus local supplements that vary by county. These

supplements, funded through local taxes and revenue, help counties compete for teaching talent.

Wealthier counties typically offer higher supplements, creating regional pay disparities.

Forsyth County exemplifies local initiative, having passed a 2020 sales tax specifically to increase teacher supplements.

LOCAL TEACHER SALARY SUPPLEMENT County

2019–20

2020–21

2021–22

2022–23

2023–24

5-Yr % Change

Charlotte/ Mecklenburg

$8,782

$8,818

$8,678

$9,345

$9,797

10.4%

Durham

$7,487

$7,357

$7,543

$8,414

$8,361

10.5%

Guilford

$4,929

$4,927

$6,288

$7,465

$7,529

34.5%

Wake

$8,569

$8,873

$8,670

$9,465

$9,828

12.8%

Winston/Forsyth

$4,309

$5,614

$5,868

$7,740

$8,081

46.7%

Source: NC Department of Public Instruction

ACTION GREENSBORO CHAPTER 4

TEACHER SALARIES IN GUILFORD COUNTY Guilford County combines state-based pay with local supplements to create total compensation. For teachers with bachelor's degrees, 10-month salaries range from $48,250 (entry-level) to $63,200 (36+ years).

Within GCS, there are 32% of educators who have a master’s degree or higher, and they earn between $52,350 and $68,800.

However, teacher salaries tend to plateau in mid-career, with little increase beyond 15 and 20 years of experience. For example, a teacher with a bachelor’s degree remains at $61,130 from year 15 to year 20. Then, they only see a modest increase after twenty years. This stagnation can impact long-term retention and financial planning for educators in the district.

TEACHER SALARIES IN GUILFORD COUNTY Years of Experience

Bachelor's Degree–Licensed Teacher 10–Month Annual Salary

Master's Degree–Licensed Teacher 10–Month Annual Salary

0

$48,250

$52,350

5

$52,000

$56,480

10

$56,600

$61,540

15

$61,130

$66,520

20

$61,130

$66,520

25

$63,200

$68,800

30

$63,200

$68,800

36+

$63,200

$68,800 Source: Guilford County Schools

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

4.2

TEACHER ATTRITION TEACHER ATTRITION 2021

2022

2023

Percentage Point Change 2022–23 to 2023–24

Charlotte

11.9%

11%

18.2%

7.2

Durham

11.7%

14.6%

21.1%

6.5

Guilford

12%

10.6%

18.3%

7.7

Wake

9.7%

9.3%

16.7%

7.4

Forsyth

12.9%

11.5%

15.6%

4.1

State

11.4%

11.1%

16.8%

5.7 Source: NC Department of Public Instruction

Guilford County saw the highest attrition increase among peer communities in 2022–23, jumping 7.2% to reach 18.2%.

In North Carolina, here are the top three reasons why teachers leave public schools:

35% CAREER CHANGE

14%

FAMILY RESPONSIBILITY/ CHILDCARE

13%

FAMILY RELOCATION

Source: NC Department of Public Instruction

ACTION GREENSBORO CHAPTER 4

EDUCATOR MIGRATION TRENDS Education professionals show distinct migration patterns across U.S. metro areas.

AVERAGE OUTFLOWS AND INFLOWS OF EDUCATORS TO GUILFORD COUNTY 2018-2023 Major outflows in educators by metropolitan statistical area:

Net gains in educators by metropolitan statistical area:

Charlotte

Lakeland, FL

Raleigh

New York, NY/Newark, NJ

Winston-Salem

Washington, DC Source: Lightcast/American Community Survey

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

4.3

EDUCATOR PIPELINE North Carolina's teaching license program completions have fluctuated over the past decade, peaking at 4,364 in 2021 before declining to 4,141 in 2023. Local institutions contribute significantly, with UNC Greensboro at the top (224 graduates).

While Guilford County is home to several educator preparation programs, a significant portion of new teachers come from institutions across North Carolina and the Southeast.

LICENSURE COMPLETION BY EDUCATION PREPARATION PROGRAM, 2023 North Carolina East Carolina University

638

UNC Charlotte

511

Appalachian State University

359

NC State University

308

Western Carolina University

238

Guilford County UNC Greensboro

224

High Point University

67

Elon University

56

NC A&T State University

34

Greensboro College

21

Source: NC Department of Public Instruction

ENROLLMENT AND ATTENDANCE TRENDS GCS faces shifting enrollment patterns, with a 7.41% decline over the past decade as charter, private, and homeschool alternatives expand.

Meanwhile, post-pandemic absenteeism remains a big challenge, with chronic absence rates soaring — particularly among Black and Hispanic students — underscoring the need for strategic interventions to boost student engagement and retention.

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

5.1

ENROLLMENT TRENDS

G

CS is the third-largest school district in North Carolina, serving approximately 66,000 students.

As one of the state’s major school districts — though smaller than Wake County and Charlotte-Mecklenburg.

However, enrollment numbers tell only part of the story. The district faces complex challenges including budget allocation variations, demographic shifts requiring specialized resources, and aging infrastructure needs. These factors create a multifaceted landscape where student count alone doesn't capture the full scope of educational demands and resource requirements.

2023–24 ENROLLMENT

BY SCHOOL DISTRICT County

Number of Students

Wake

165,000

Charlotte/Mecklenburg

150,000

Guilford

66,000

Winston Salem/Forsyth

54,000

Durham

33,000 Source: NC Department of Public Instruction

ACTION GREENSBORO CHAPTER 5

10-YEAR ENROLLMENT CHANGE Meanwhile, alternative education options have grown substantially:

Like the rest of the nation, GCS has experienced enrollment shifts. The past decade has witnessed significant

Charter Schools increased 134% to 10,816 students.

shifts in Guilford County's educational

Homeschooling increased 28% to 4,999 students.

landscape. GCS experienced a 7.41% enrollment decline, dropping from

Private schools grew 12% to 7,156 students.

This redistribution of students has created notable financial implications for GCS, as funding follows students to charter schools.

72,191 students in 2014–15 to 66,844 in 2023–24.

10-YEAR ENROLLMENT CHANGE, 2014–24 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2020–21 2021–22 2022–23 2023–24

10-year Change

Guilford County Schools

72,191

71,908

71,747

71,928

71,698

71,414

69,311

68,202

67,949

66,844

-7.4%

Charter Schools in Guilford County

4,631

5,307

6,263

6,631

7,308

7,900

8,546

8,534

9,993

10,816

133.6%

Homeschool in Guilford County

3,917

n/a

4,618

4,893

5,367

5,827

7,052

6,101

4,747

4,999

27.6%

Private Schools in Guilford County

6,383

6,318

6,536

6,501

6,523

6,191

6,262

6,509

6,826

7,156

12.1%

Source: NC Department of Administration, Guilford County Schools

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

10-YEAR CHARTER SCHOOL ENROLLMENT CHANGE BY COUNTY, 2014-24 Charter School 2014–15

Charter School 2023–24

10-year Increase

Charlotte/Mecklenburg

13,139

27,435

108.8%

Winston Salem/Forsyth

2,632

3,979

51.2%

Durham

5,237

7,641

45.9%

Wake

8,555

17,233

101.4%

Guilford

4,631

10,816

133.6%

County

Source: NC Department of Public Instruction

ACTION GREENSBORO CHAPTER 5

5.2

CHARTER AND PRIVATE SCHOOL ENROLLMENT Contrary to common perceptions, charter school enrollment in Guilford County closely mirrors GCS diversity. The data shows comparable representation: 43.3% Black students in charter schools versus 42.01% in GCS, 30.6% versus 26.28% White students, and similar proportions for other demographics. These figures challenge the misconception that charter growth is primarily driven by White families leaving traditional public schools, instead suggesting a broader demographic shift in educational choices.

CHARTER SCHOOL ENROLLMENT BY RACE, 2023–24

11.4% Hispanic or Latino 30.6% White

43.3% Black

10.9% Multiracial

0.4% American Indian 0.1% Pacific Islander 5.7% Asian

Source: NC Schools Statistical Profile

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

NC OPPORTUNITY SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM: IMPACT ON GCS ENROLLMENT The North Carolina Opportunity Scholarship program was established in 2013 by the North Carolina General Assembly (NCGA) as the state's first private school voucher initiative. Its goal was to provide tuition assistance to income-eligible families choosing to enroll their children in private schools instead of public schools.

The program launched in 2014 with an initial state appropriation of over $10 million, offering scholarships of up to $4,200 per student per year.

Over time, the NCGA expanded the program by increasing the family income eligibility threshold and the maximum scholarship amount.

By the 2022–23 school year, funding for the program grew to nearly $95 million. Each year, appropriations have increased, often exceeding the amount ultimately spent on scholarships.

The North Carolina Opportunity Scholarship program assists families in covering tuition and mandatory fees at registered private schools. Eligible applicants include North Carolina students entering kindergarten through 12th grade. Scholarship amounts range from approximately $3,000 to $7,000, depending on household income.

Did You Know?

Beginning with the 2024–25 school year, all students who live in North Carolina may be eligible for an Opportunity Scholarship award (regardless of income). $250 million was added to the Opportunity Scholarship Grant Reserve in the North Carolina state budget for the 2024–25 biennium.

2,056 students now receive $7 million in scholarships in Guilford County.

65% of scholarship recipients were White in the 2024–25 school year.

In 10 years, funding for Opportunity Scholarships has increased by 39.03%.

ACTION GREENSBORO CHAPTER 5

5.3

STUDENT ATTENDANCE AND ABSENTEEISM ATTENDANCE — PERCENT OF DAYS ATTENDED BY STUDENT GROUP Year

2018–19

2020–21

2021–22

2022–23

2023–24

All Students

93.4

91.8

89.5

90.2

90.6

Black

92.8

89.5

88.3

89.3

89.6

Hispanic

93

90.7

88.3

89

89.3

White

94.2

95.2

91.6

92.1

92.5

All Others

94.1

92.9

90.7

91.2

91.8

SWD

91.7

90

87.2

88

88.7

ESL

93.6

90.3

89.7

90.3

90.4

SWD: Students with Disabilities ESL: English as a Second Language

The pandemic's impact on attendance continues to reverberate through GCS. Overall attendance rates declined from 93.4% pre-pandemic to 90.6% in 2023–24, with chronic absenteeism rising dramatically across all grade levels. A student is considered chronically absent if they have been enrolled in a North Carolina public school for at least 10 school days during the school year and have missed 10% or more of the days they were enrolled.

Source: Guilford County Schools

When students aren’t in school, they aren’t learning.

Missing too many days puts them at risk of falling behind, repeating a grade, or even dropping out — leading to long-term economic challenges for both the student and the community. Absenteeism also means lost opportunities for social growth and access to essential services. Research shows that chronically absent students are more likely to struggle academically and disengage from school.

Addressing absenteeism is critical to ensuring student success and a stronger community.

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

Elementary schools absenteesism more than triple from 7% to 26%, while high schools experienced the most severe impact, jumping from 14% to 35%.

rates of 35–36% compared to 23% for

The challenge disproportionately affects Black and Hispanic students, who show chronic absence

strategies to reengage students and

White students. These patterns highlight

the urgent need for targeted intervention support consistent attendance.

PERCENT CHRONIC ABSENCES BY SCHOOL LEVEL Year

2018–19

2020–21

2021–22

2022–23

2023–24

Elementary

7%

26%

31%

29%

26%

Middle

9%

25%

33%

33%

31%

High

14%

24%

36%

36%

35%

Source: Guilford County Schools

PERCENT CHRONIC ABSENTEEISM BY BY RACE Year

2018–19

2020–21

2021–22

2022–23

2023–24

All

10%

25%

33%

32%

31%

Black

11%

33%

38%

37%

35%

Hispanic

11%

30%

39%

37%

36%

White

7%

12%

24%

24%

23%

All Others

6%

22%

28%

29%

26%

Source: Guilford County Schools

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

Academic achievement in GCS is measured through rigorous data analysis to ensure students receive the support they need to succeed.

This chapter examines key performance indicators, including early literacy progress, end-of-grade reading proficiency, and graduation rates, highlighting both successes and areas for improvement.

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

6.1

PATHS TO ACADEMIC SUCCESS

A

cademic progress monitoring in GCS serves two purposes: identifying where students need support and guiding them toward appropriate post-graduation paths.

While traditional college remains valuable, GCS recognizes multiple routes to success: associate's degrees, industry certifications, military service, and apprenticeship programs. By using a datadriven approach, educators can help match students with opportunities that match their strengths and goals.

DYNAMIC INDICATORS OF BASIC EARLY LITERACY SKILLS (DIBELS) DIBELS is a set of procedures and measures for assessing the acquisition of literacy skills.

The 2023–2024 data shows significant improvement in early literacy benchmarks for kindergarten students, while third-rade students demonstrated more modest gains.

ACTION GREENSBORO CHAPTER 6

6.2

KINDERGARTEN VS. THIRD-GRADE READINESS KINDERGARTEN PROGRESS

THIRD-GRADE PROGRESS

Kindergarten students at or above

benchmark increased by 40% in GCS

GCS third graders improved by 3% (57% to 60%).

and for NC students (33% to 73%).

Overall, kindergarten students in the

North Carolina third graders saw a 5% increase (57% to 62%).

to 68%).

Third-grade students in the U.S. improved by 2% (54% to 56%).

U.S. showed a 30% increase (38%

These results highlight the strong impact of literacy instruction in kindergarten. While third-grade progress was more moderate, this suggests potential areas for targeted intervention at the upper elementary level.

K AND THIRD-GRADE DIBELS, ALL STUDENT GROUPS, 2023–24 Grade

Jurisdiction

Beginning of School Year: At or Above Benchmark

End of School Year: At or Above Benchmark

Percentage Point Change

K

GCS

33%

73%

40

K

NC

33%

73%

40

K

U.S.

38%

68%

30

3rd

GCS

57%

60%

3

3rd

NC

57%

62%

5

3rd

U.S.

54%

56%

2

Source: Guilford County Schools

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

ACTION GREENSBORO CHAPTER 6

DIBELS: KINDERGARTEN BY RACE Grade

Jurisdiction

Student Group

Beginning of Year At or Above Benchmark

End of Year At or Above Benchmark

Percentage Point Change

K

GCS

Black

30%

67%

37

K

NC

Black

33%

67%

34

K

GCS

Hispanic

18%

63%

45

K

NC

Hispanic

20%

62%

42

K

GCS

White

42%

85%

43

K

NC

White

36%

81%

45

Source: Guilford County Schools

The 2023–24 DIBELS assessment data for kindergarten students shows significant improvements across all racial groups: Black students: GCS saw a 37% increase (30% to 67%), while North Carolina students improved by 34% (33% to 67%).

Hispanic students: Made the most significant progress, with GCS improving by 45% (18% to 63%) and North Carolina students by 42% (20% to 62%).

White students: Started higher and saw strong gains, with GCS improving by 43% (42% to 85%) and North Carolina students by 45% (36% to 81%).

While all groups showed substantial improvement, achievement gaps persist. Hispanic students showed the largest percent growth in GCS but started with the lowest proficiency levels. White students had the highest end-of-year proficiency (85% in GCS), indicating stronger early literacy skills upon entering kindergarten.

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

DIBELS: THIRD GRADE BY RACE Grade

Jurisdiction

Student Group

Beginning of Year At or Above Benchmark

End of Year At or Above Benchmark

Percentage Point Change

3rd

GCS

Black

49%

52%

3

3rd

NC

Black

46%

53%

7

3rd

GCS

Hispanic

49%

52%

3

3rd

NC

Hispanic

46%

54%

8

3rd

GCS

White

71%

76%

5

3rd

NC

White

65%

70%

5

Source: Guilford County Schools

Third-grade literacy growth was less dramatic than in kindergarten: Black and Hispanic students: GCS saw minimal gains (3%) while its North Carolina counterparts made slightly larger improvements.

White students: Continued to outperform other groups in both GCS and North Carolina by 20+%, though their growth was also moderate (5%).

The achievement gap remains evident, particularly for Black and Hispanic students. This emphasizes the need for targeted literacy support beyond early elementary years.

Third-grade reading proficiency is a big milestone, marking the transition from learning to read to reading to learn. Research shows that students struggling with reading by third grade are more likely to face academic challenges, drop out of high school, and experience long-term economic hardships.

Many states even use third-grade literacy rates to predict future incarceration rates. That’s because poor reading skills correlate strongly with higher rates of unemployment and involvement in the criminal justice system.

ACTION GREENSBORO CHAPTER 6

6.3

END OF GRADE READING (EOG) PROFICIENCY EOG Reading Proficiency measures a student's ability to understand and analyze grade-level texts. GCS's overall proficiency declined during the pandemic, dropping from 55.1% in 2018-19 to 42.4% in 2020-21. Recovery shows steady improvement, reaching 49.6% in 2023-24, though still below pre-pandemic levels.

Proficiency Levels:

52.6% 47.8% 47.6% ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS

MIDDLE SCHOOLS

HIGH SCHOOLS

Source: Guilford County Schools

While below the state average of 54.2%, the district's upward trend suggests continued recovery.

GCS continues recovery efforts through high-dosage tutoring and learning hubs.

However, sustaining these initiatives remains challenging due to funding constraints, especially with the federal Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) expiring.

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

PERCENT PROFICIENT ON ALL TESTS COMBINED State of NC

District

Elementary

Middle

High

65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30

2018-19

2020-21

2021-22

2022-23

2023-24

Source: Guilford County Schools

ACTION GREENSBORO CHAPTER 6

6.3

GRADUATION RATES GCS demonstrates strong graduation outcomes with a 90.3% average rate over the past decade (2014–2024), exceeding Charlotte (85.7%), Wake (89.3%) and Durham (83.1%).

All demographic groups show positive trends, with particularly strong gains among English Learners, improving from 64.7% in 2014–15 to 83.5% in 2023–24.

GCS’s consistently high graduation rate, above the state average of 86.5%, highlights GCS's commitment to ensuring students complete their K–12 education successfully.

GRADUATION RATES 14–15

15-16

16–17

17–18

18–19

19–20

20–21

21–22

22–23

23–24

Average

GCS

89.3

89.5

89.8

89.3

89.2

89.1

91.5

91.8

90.9

92.2

90.3

Asian

88.4

90.2

83.8

91

91.1

92.7

96.7

95.2

92.9

95

91.7

Black

88

87.9

87.8

87.7

87.7

87.3

89.7

90.3

89.4

91.1

88.7

Hispanic

84.6

80.2

84.2

80.4

81

83.5

85.7

88.7

87.2

89.8

84.5

White

92.7

93.4

93.1

93.9

93.5

93.6

95

94.8

94.9

95

94

All Other

81.1

89.4

90.2

88.5

88.6

83.5

91.5

87.5

88.2

88.4

87.7

SWD

70

71.8

72

71.8

69.6

70.3

75

75.7

73.3

75.8

72.5

ELS

64.7

65.3

70.1

75.7

76.3

76.5

82.4

79.6

76.7

83.5

75.1

Average

82.4

83.5

83.9

84.8

84.6

84.6

88.4

88

86.7

88.9

SWD: Students with Disabilities ELS: English Learners

Source: Guilford County Schools

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

GRADUATION RATES BY PEER DISTRICTS 10-Year Average 2014–15 to 2023–24 State

86.5%

Guilford

90.3%

Charlotte/ Mecklenburg

85.7%

Durham

83.1%

Forsyth/ Winston-Salem

85.7%

Wake

89.3%

Source: Guilford County Schools

POST-SECONDARY READINESS While a college degree remains valuable, GCS recognizes multiple routes to success: associate's degrees, earning college credits or exposure to college courses, industry certifications, military service, and apprenticeship programs. Educators can use a data-driven approach to identify students with opportunities that match their strengths and goals.

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

7.1

POST-SECONDARY

Percent of students who go on to post-secondary education in first fall after graduation:

57%

59%

2021 GRADUATES

61%

2022 GRADUATES

2023 GRADUATES

Source: National Student Clearinghouse Tracker

GCS continues strengthening its college-bound culture, with post-secondary enrollment showing steady growth. The percentage of graduates heading directly to college has climbed from 57% in 2021 to 61% in 2023, nearly matching the national average of 62%.

GCS continues strengthening its college-bound culture, with post-secondary enrollment showing steady growth. The percentage of graduates heading directly to college has climbed from:

57% in 2021

61% in 2023

Source: National Center for Education Statistics

ACTION GREENSBORO CHAPTER 7

7.2

ACT AND ACT WORKKEYS BENCHMARKS The class of 2023–24 tells an important story through its ACT scores, with the district averaging a 17.3 composite score. White students achieved scores in the average range across all subjects (composite 20.6),

but Black and Hispanic students scored in the below-average range. Though standardized tests offer one measure of college readiness, they represent just one piece of a student's potential for post-secondary success.

2023-2024 ACT AVERAGE SCORE Composite

Reading

English

Math

Science

All Students

17.3

18.4

15.4

17.1

17.7

Black

14.9

15.7

12.8

15

15.4

Hispanic

15.5

16.4

13.3

15.6

16.1

White

20.6

22.1

19.1

19.8

20.8

All Others

19.7

20.7

18.2

19.4

19.9

Source: Guilford County Schools

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

The ACT WorkKeys assessment, which measures real-world workplace skills, shows Guilford County adapting to post-pandemic challenges. While the percentage of students

achieving Silver level or higher has decreased from 64.5% in 2018–19 to 58.5% in 2023–24, this trend mirrors statewide patterns.

ACT WORKKEYS ASSESSMENT — SILVER LEVEL OR HIGHER, 2023–24

60.0% 58.5% 60.8% NC

GCS

CHARLOTTE

61.4% 59.6% 68.8% DURHAM

FORSYTH

WAKE

Source: Guilford County Schools

ACTION GREENSBORO CHAPTER 7

7.3

CAREER AND COLLEGE PROMISE PROGRAM

The CCP is North Carolina’s dual enrollment program for high school students. This program allows students to enroll in college classes at community colleges and universities through their high school.

Dual College Enrollment at Two- and Four-Year Colleges:

From middle school to high school, the program now serves over 24,000 students through 60 different pathways.

In particular, the Career and Technical Education pathway has increased over the past three years and pass rates continue to grow with nearly 90% earning a C or better in 2024.

or better in their coursework. This number has trended

In 2023–24: GCS students took 10,024 college courses this past school year through the college and career program or an early/middle college.

In 2023–24: 89% of dual-enrolled students earned a C upward from 88% in 2023–22 and 86% in 2022–21.

In 2023–24: 2,523 students enrolled in social studies courses, making it the highest enrollment of the year. Math was the subject area with the next highest enrollment with 942 students.

DUAL ENROLLMENT TRENDS 2021–22

2022–23

2023–24

1,564 (7%)

1,848 (8%)

1,960 (9%)

% attending comprehensive HS

62%

67%

69%

% attending early or middle colleges

33%

29%

27%

% attending specialty/magnet high schools

5%

4%

4%

Students taking 1+ course at GTCC (% of enrollment)

Source: Guilford County Schools

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

Industry-Recognized Credentials Industry Recognized Credentials, though separate from CCP, validate students' specialized knowledge and skills according to industry standards. These certifications prove a student's capabilities, making them more competitive in the job market and strengthening their

preparation for higher education.

Credential earnings have soared by 263% over four years, jumping from 2,966 in 2020–21 to 10,778 in 2023–24. This expansion spans 15 national career clusters, offering students diverse paths to future success.

7.4

SCHOLARSHIP DOLLARS TOTAL SCHOLARSHIPS EARNED BY GCS STUDENTS

$164,461,356 2021–22

$180,878,276 2022–23

$183,047,438 2023–24

Source: Guilford County Schools

STUDENT SUPPORT SERVICES

GCS offers a range of support services to address the diverse needs of students, including free meals, mental health services, and telehealth clinics. These programs aim to improve academic performance, reduce learning disruptions, and promote overall well-being. With a focus on equity and accessibility, GCS ensures that students have the resources to succeed inside and outside the classroom.

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

8.1

FREE BREAKFAST AND LUNCH PROGRAM

R

esearch demonstrates a strong correlation between student access to nutritious meals and academic performance. Studies indicate that providing students with healthy meals at school positively impacts attentiveness, classroom engagement, and subsequent academic outcomes, including improved grades, increased attendance, and higher graduation rates.

GCS addresses student food insecurity through the USDA Community Eligibility Provision (CEP).

This program provides free breakfast and lunch

to students at 110 of the district's 120 schools.

CEP eligibility is determined by the percentage of students in low-income areas already certified for free meals. The provision of school meals mitigates hunger, reduces associated stigma, and fosters a more equitable learning environment.

Annually, GCS serves over 4.9 million breakfasts and 7 million lunches. While this extensive meal coverage ensures that students are not learning while hungry, it also reflects significant levels of poverty within the district.

ACTION GREENSBORO CHAPTER 8

8.2

MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES

GCS offers School-Based Mental Health services to improve academic performance, address behavioral issues, and provide equitable access to care for students and staff. The program aims to reduce stigma while increasing support accessibility.

IN SCHOOL YEAR 2023–24, GUILFORD COUNTY PROVIDED:

1,296

STUDENT REFERRALS

1,051

STUDENTS RECEIVING SERVICES

9,000+ SESSIONS

170

STAFF REFFERALS

1,112

STAFF SESSIONS

Source: Guilford County Schools

ACTION GREENSBORO CHAPTER 7

8.3

TELEHEALTH SERVICES In partnership with Cone Health and Guilford Education Alliance, school-based telehealth clinics provide virtual healthcare consultations at school. This helps reduce absences and learning disruptions. Medicaid and most insurance plans cover the program. For those without insurance, services are available at no cost.

evaluates their symptoms to determine

With parental consent, students have access to a full-time, on-site Certified Medical Assistant who

leave work. This ultimately supports both the

2023–24 Data Highlights for Schools Where Telehealth Is Offered Students with parental permission had an improved average attendance rate from 90.9% in 2022–23 to 91.2% in 2023–24.

Students without parental permission experienced no change, maintaining an average attendance rate of 89.1% during the same period.

if a healthcare provider’s attention is needed.

If necessary, the child’s parent is connected virtually with a physician for an immediate

healthcare consultation. This process allows

students to return to class more quickly when appropriate, reducing the need for parents to

child’s education and the parent’s job stability.

2023–24 GCS TELEHEALTH NUMBERS

14

schools had telehealth clinics

42%

Students with parental permission had a higher 2023–24 attendance than students without parental permission at all 14 schools offering telehealth.

of families provided consent for services

Students with parental permission improved their math scores by an average of 0.3 points, while students without parental permission saw their math scores decline by 0.4 points in 2023–24.

student visits to the clinic

Nine out of the 14 schools that participated in telehealth had higher reading proficiency on end-of-grade tests for students with parental permission. This was also the case for math proficiency in 10 of the 14 schools.

3,174

1,440

virtual sessions with a doctor Source: Guilford County Schools

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

8.4

HIGH-DOSAGE TUTORING GCS's high-dosage tutoring program has

delivered impressive results for K-8 students through partnerships with NC Education Corps, shift_ed, local universities, and

community professionals. This approach — providing consistent tutoring at least three times weekly with trained tutors — aligns

with National Student Support Accelerator research showing gains of four months

in elementary literacy and nearly 10 months in high school math.

Schools implementing high-dosage tutoring report better attendance and stronger early literacy skills. Kindergarten and

first-grade participants show accelerated literacy development compared to peers.

In addition, kindergarten through third-grade students tutored by NC Education Corps members outperformed statewide averages in reading gains.

Learning hubs established at 15 high schools in 2021 have further enhanced support, providing extended learning opportunities, Internet access, and college prep assistance. Students attending hubs for 40+ days achieved 95% attendance rates, with notable improvement between the 2022–23 and 2023–24 school years.

Despite this success, the 2024–25 school year has seen the program scaled back to focus only on K-3 grade reading and math because the federal Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief funds are expiring.

HIGH DOSAGE TUTORING 2021–22

2022–23

2023–24

Number of students

5,251

11,641

17,348

Total hours

66,910

161,599

250,943

Number of sessions

109,000

305,000

486,000

Source: Guilford County Schools

OPERATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS

GCS continues addressing significant infrastructure and operational challenges while working to create safe, modern learning environments. Voters have demonstrated their support by approving two major bonds: $300 million in 2020 and $1.7 billion in 2022. GCS' investments in facilities, transportation, and safety measures reflect the district's commitment to creating accessible, secure, and supportive learning environments for all students.

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

9.1

OPERATIONAL CHALLENGES SCHOOL BUILDING WORK ORDERS 2024–25 Trade

No. Work Orders Received

No. Work Orders Completed

Percent Complete

No. of Current Employees

No. of Vacancies

No. of Contractors Utilized

HVAC

3,380

2,713

80%

3

15

16

Carpentry

4,301

2,475

58%

21

3

8

Electrical

2,104

1,112

53%

8

2

5

Plumbing

2,792

1,676

60%

5

5

15

Grounds

727

330

45%

15

11

8

Total Work Orders

13,304

8,306

64%

52

36

52

Source: Guilford County Schools, as of 4/11/25

ACTION GREENSBORO CHAPTER 9

HOW GCS MAINTENANCE STAFF SALARIES COMPARE TO MARKET RATE EXPERIENCE 0 Years of Experience

15 Years of Experience

2023–24 (0 Years)

2024–25 (0 Years)

Market Value (0 Years)

Difference (0 Years)

2023–24 (15 Years)

2024–25 (15 Years)

Market Value (15 Years)

Difference (15 Years)

Plumber I

$15.99

$16.31

$22.17

-$5.86

$18.57

$18.94

$27.31

-$8.37

HVAC II

$16.66

$16.91

$24.45

-$7.54

$20.83

$21.16

$30.12

-$8.96

Job

Source: 2024–25 market values were projected based on U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

GCS faces challenges with inconsistent funding for essential repairs and maintenance. Critical operational roles, such as HVAC technicians and plumbers, have salaries significantly below market rates.

For example, entry-level HVAC technicians earn nearly $5 per hour less than market rate. Even after 15 years of experience, they earn considerably less than their market counterparts. These wage disparities contribute to ongoing staff shortages, making attracting and retaining skilled professionals difficult.

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

9.2

SCHOOL FACILITIES MASTER PLAN

Since 2019, GCS has

identified over $2 billion

in facility needs, including $800 million in deferred

maintenance. While voters

approved bonds totaling $2

billion, economic challenges including construction

cost increases and supply

chain issues have impacted project scope.

As of February 2025, $451 million has been committed — meaning, under contract plus the total spent: Seven rebuilt schools Two new schools Various capital improvements Current fiscal year allocation is 60 million: $48 million for deferred capital projects $10 million for capital maintenance across eight schools $50 million for critical capital projects in 2025

ACTION GREENSBORO

NEW CONSTRUCTION AND REBUILD PROJECTS, AS OF 4/11/25 Current Phase

Total Projected Budget

Funds Committed

Projected Funds Remaining

Peck K-8 Expeditionary Learning

Open/Final Adjustments

$78,737,336

$76,011,632

$2,725,764

Foust Gaming & Robotics Elementary

Open/Final Adjustments

$59,101,641

$59,000,229

$101,412

Brooks Global Studies

Open/Final Adjustments

$42,639,190

$41,476,389

$1,168,201

Claxton Elementary

Open/Final Adjustments

$51,265,188

$50,544,577

$720,611

New Visual and Performing Arts

Construction

$69,375,621

$61,249,748

$8,125,873

Kiser Middle

Construction

$84,016,723

$80,105,917

$3,857,706

Erwin Montessori at Archer Elementary

Design

$47,474,365

$3,649,491

$44,094,474

Katherine G. Johnson K-8

Design

$9,454,804

$7,957,549

$86,590,455

Sternberger Elementary

Design

$65,500,000

$3,478,221

$62,021,779

Lindley Elementary

Design

$76,264,183

$5,822,351

$70,441,832

Sumner Elementary

Design

$69,215,755

$4,462,244

$64,753,511

Allen Jay Elementary

Design

$77,250,000

$4,393,285

$72,856,716

Swann Center 6-12

Design

$78,401,043

$5,177,271

$73,233,773

Northwest Middle

Land Acquisition

$112,261,947

$2,259,402

$110,002,545

Northwood Elementary

Planning

$75,417,622

$1,356,395

$74,061,227

Shadybrook Elementary

Planning

$79,741,644

$453,782

$79,287,862

Joyner Elementary

Planning

$80,074,955

$1,356,395

$78,718,560

Vandalia Elementary

Planning

$83,194,104

$1,356,396

$81,837,708

Bessemer Elementary

Planning

$84,064,487

$1,356,395

$82,708,092

Millis Road Elementary

Planning

$80,270,356

$0

$80,270,356

Maintenance/Transportation Facility

Planning

$59,334,661

$0

$59,334,661

Project Name

Source: Guilford County Schools

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

9.3

DEFERRED CAPITAL PROJECTS GCS is making substantial progress in upgrading and modernizing school facilities to ensure safe, functional, and engaging learning environments for all students. While many projects are still underway, a number have already utilized significant portions of their allocated funding — a sign of momentum and investment in our schools’ future.

Here’s a look at where the most progress has been made: Building & Site Program Management: This initiative has successfully utilized the full $1.3 million budget, helping coordinate and manage infrastructure projects across the district.

Technology Program Management: All of the $175,000 allocated has been fully invested in enhancing digital infrastructure and systems.

Safe Schools Program Management: Nearly 85% of this $1 million+ fund has been used to support the effective planning and implementation of safety-related projects.

HVAC Replacements: Over $7.9 million has already been used to enhance air quality and climate control across 10 schools.

Roof Replacements: With over $240,000 spent to date, this project is actively addressing building integrity and protection from weather-related damage.

Safe School Entry Upgrades: More than $480,000 has been spent to date, improving security and controlled access in 28 schools.

Paging/Communication Upgrades: Work is moving forward on five projects, with full use of the $2.2 million budget anticipated.

Fire Alarm System Replacements: More than one-third of the $1.2 million budget has already been applied toward upgrading systems in six schools.

Door Hardware Modification: All 11 projects are fully funded with $2.5 million available to improve accessibility and safety.

Audio/Video Learning Aids: About 11% of the $1.8 million budget has already been invested in improving classroom technology.

Playground Equipment Installation: Seven schools are ready to benefit from brand-new equipment, with the full $395,000 allocation secured.

As of 4/11/25

ACTION GREENSBORO CHAPTER 9

Guilford County is tackling deferred capital projects to improve school safety, upgrade technology, and repair essential building systems.

The $48 million budget allocates $20 million each for safety upgrades and building repairs, plus $8 million for technology modernization. As of March 2025 there was $14.6 million of the first $48 million remaining for capital replacement projects.

DEFERRED CAPITAL AND RENOVATION PROJECTS School

Scope

Budget

Eastern Guilford HS

HVAC, boiler, and chiller upgrades

$1,419,209

Grimsley HS

Athletic field, restroom, and facility upgrades with moisture assessment and renovations

$799,453

Jamestown ES

Roof Replacement and HVAC Upgrades

$1,672,970

McNair ES

HVAC Chiller Replacement

$533,966

Mendenhall MS

LED Lighting

$123,238

Montlieu ES

Full Roof Replacement

$707,043

Northeast Guilford HS

Locker Room Improvement Design and HVAC Upgrades

$1,525,734

Page HS

Auditorium, restroom, and media center renovations with HVAC and roof upgrades

$1,193,115

Source: Guilford County Schools, as of 4/11/25

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

9.4

LOOKING FORWARD FINANCIAL CONTEXT Despite $2 billion in voter-approved bonds, the district faces over $2 billion in facility needs, including $800 million in deferred maintenance.

Rising construction costs, supply chain disruptions, and inflation have challenged project implementation. Of the $451 million committed so far, priorities focus on projects directly impacting student learning and safety.

Guilford County and GCS should explore additional revenue sources to meet long-term facility demands. No student or teacher should work in buildings without adequate heating, air conditioning, or functional plumbing. Continued investment and community support remain essential to provide safe, modern learning environments for all students.

For real-time updates on school improvement and bond dollar usage, scan to learn more:

ACTION GREENSBORO CHAPTER 9

9.5

BUS TRANSPORTATION GCS OPERATES IN A 658-SQUAREMILE AREA WITH THE FOLLOWING TRANSPORTATION PROFILE:

393

$83,848.71

77.4

$910.06

18,505.5

$4.53

BUSES IN OPERATION

STUDENTS PER BUS (AVERAGE)

MILES COVERED ANNUALLY PER BUS

COST PER BUS

COST PER PUPIL

COST PER MILE

These costs fall mid-range compared to peer districts in North Carolina. To expand transportation access, GCS partners with Greensboro's public transit system, providing free bus rides to students.

This program provided more than 50,000 student rides in both 2022 and 2023.

HOW WEATHER VARIABILITY AFFECTS SCHOOL CLOSURE DECISIONS Spanning 658 square miles (one of the largest in our peer counties), Guilford County can experience vastly different weather conditions. This means that while one part of the county might be experiencing heavy snowfall, another area could be relatively clear. This variability in weather, coupled with GCS' extensive transportation network, significantly impacts decisions regarding school closures.

By comparison, Wake County covers an even larger area (857 square miles) and has 538 buses (GCS has 393 buses).

Despite managing a larger geographical footprint, each school system faces similar challenges when it comes to weather-related closures.

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

9.6

SCHOOL SAFETY GCS' COMPREHENSIVE SAFETY MEASURES INCLUDE:

Video Security: 5,950 upgraded cameras providing 12,590 separate views across 110 schools Cameras added to all active route buses Communication: New centralized radio system on Guilford Metro 9-1-1 network for both schools and buses Entry Security: Three-buzzer system and security-laminated windows 18 elementary schools undergoing vestibule design and construction

Resource Officers: 17 officers and hree supervisors through a $1.67 million partnership with Greensboro Police Department Support Services: Enhanced mental health resources Anonymous reporting systems Anti-bullying programs

CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE FUTURE

A thriving education system is the foundation of a strong community.

Now is the time for residents, businesses, nonprofits, and local leaders to come together to champion bold solutions that support every student and family in Guilford County. Your voice, your partnership, and your advocacy can help shape a brighter future for generations to come.

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT CHAPTER 10

10.2

COMMUNITY ROADMAP FOR ADVANCING EDUCATION OUTCOMES IN GUILFORD COUNTY Creating a strong education system requires collaboration across sectors — from business and government to nonprofits and families. The following policy and program recommendations are designed to support systems-level change that improves educational outcomes, promotes equity, and supports working families in Guilford County. These strategies can serve as a guide for advocacy, funding, partnership development, and legislative priorities across the community.

Increase Access to High-Quality, Affordable Childcare: Support pilot programs like Tri-Share, which shares the cost of childcare between the parent, employer, and state/local government.

Increase reimbursement rates for current and future NC Pre-K slots.

Expand the NC Pre-K program to offer every child the opportunity to attend the high-quality program.

Recruit and Retain Early Childhood Educators: Increase funding for Child Care WAGE$, a salary supplement program for early childhood educators.

Expand Career and Technical Education programs at GCS to help students explore careers in early childhood education.

Support the expansion of childcare programs/lab schools on local college and university campuses.

Expand access to subsidized childcare and after-school care programs specifically for people who work in the childcare industry.

ACTION GREENSBORO CHAPTER 10

Strengthen Teacher Retention: Advocate for Guilford County to be included in the NC Teacher Supplement Assistance Allotment, a state fund that helps high-need districts offer more competitive teacher pay.

Expand Greensboro and High Point’s First-Time Homebuyer Program to assist teachers in purchasing homes.

Expand College and Career Readiness Programs: Ensure access to a post-secondary degree or professional certificate for every GCS student by expanding Career and Technical Education programs down to sixth grade.

Improve transportation access by expanding Greensboro and High Point transit systems to help more students reach GTCC and participate in the Career and College Promise dual enrollment program.

Explore opportunities to integrate or collaborate on shared physical campuses, uniting community colleges and high schools.

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

Increase Community Support for Early Childhood Education: Establish a Guilford County Childcare Task Force to develop a county-wide action plan.

Maintain childcare and early childhood education as a focus on local legislative agendas.

Support tax incentives for childcare owners/ operators, such as the reinstatement of the childcare tax credit.

Implement an early literacy campaign, in partnership with Ready for School, Ready for Life and local libraries, to encourage families to engage in reading activities with young children.

Increase Funding for Guilford County Schools: Build local voter support for a quarterpercent sales tax dedicated to teacher salary supplements.

Leverage the proceeds from the sale of Guilford County-owned school properties, along with a portion of increased property tax revenue generated by their redevelopment, as an additional funding source to support key priorities within Guilford County Schools.

ACTION GREENSBORO CHAPTER 10

Let’s Take Action Together!

We all have a role to play in shaping a stronger education system, a more supportive environment for working families, and a better future for every child in Guilford County.

Strengthen Community Partnerships and Community Engagement:

Whether you're a parent,

Secure funding to maintain and expand Learning Hubs in all GCS high schools, ensuring continued access to high-dosage tutoring programs.

neighbor, educator, or local

In partnership with Cone Health, Guilford Education Alliance, and other key funders, expand telehealth clinics to all elementary schools across Guilford County.

The data is clear — now is

leader, your voice, time, and influence matter. the time to act boldly and collaboratively.

2025 PRE-K TO 12 PUBLIC EDUCATION REPORT

10.1

NOW IT’S TIME FOR YOU TO ACT HERE’S A CHECKLIST TO GET YOU STARTED VOTE & ADVOCATE FOR STRONGER PUBLIC SCHOOLS  Vote YES on local ballot initiatives that increase funding for public education and teacher pay.  Encourage state leaders to: Expand access to early childhood education.

Increase funding for Pre-K and after-school care.

Reinstate tax credits that ease financial burdens on families.

Support teacher wage initiatives and supplement programs.  Advocate for family-friendly workplace solutions like costsharing childcare models.

RAISE YOUR VOICE IN LOCAL DECISIONS  Attend and speak at school board, county commission, and budget meetings.  Promote early literacy by hosting reading circles and education-focused events.  Partner with local education groups at community events or forums.

GIVE YOUR TIME OR INFLUENCE  Volunteer in classrooms or after-school programs.  Support education by donating funds or school supplies to local nonprofits that help students and teachers.  Mentor students or speak about career paths in education.  Encourage your employer to support childcare initiatives.  Participate in literacy programs and community learning events.

ACTION GREENSBORO CONTRIBUTORS

LEAD WRITERS Cecelia Thompson Action Greensboro

Sarah McGuire

Action Greensboro

Jessica Levco

Freelance Writer

CONTRIBUTORS Heather Adams

Guilford County Partnership for Children

Tyler Beck

Guilford County Schools

Toy Beeninga

Guilford County Budget and Management Services

Karen Deal shift_ed

Cassie Dean

Guilford County Partnership for Children

Angie Henry Consultant

Julius Monk

Guilford County Schools

Whitney Oakley

Guilford County Schools

Sonya Stephens

Guilford County Schools

ACTION GREENSBORO ADVISORY GROUP Karl Anderson

The Frank Family Foundation

Durant Bell

Bell Foundation

Brent Christensen

PHOTO CREDITS City of High Point and High Point Market GLASBEAR Video Production Guilford County Schools Paul B Video Production

Greensboro Chamber of Commerce

Photography by Rosal, Lissette Rodriguez

Barry Frank

VanderVeen Photography

The Frank Family Foundation

Erica Hall Shields

Phillips Foundation

Ed Kitchen

Joseph M. Bryan Foundation

Bob Klepfer

Tannenbaum-Sternberger Foundation

Jim Melvin

Joseph M. Bryan Foundation

Mindy Oakley

The Edward M. Armfield, Sr. Foundation

Walker Sanders

Community Foundation of Greater Greensboro

Susan Shore Schwartz The Cemala Foundation

Susan Shumaker

Cone Health Foundation

greensboro.org/actiongreensboro