1st July 2012
A Petition to the Lord of Man
To The Queen's Most Excellent Majesty I beg you read about the Case of Martin Archer-Shee versus The King in 1909/10. There are a few cases in Anglo-American jurisprudence concerning individual liberties that should be known by all. The most famous is Brown v. Board of Education (of Topeka, Kansas), being one of several cases involving Black children asking that they be treated as equal citizens and get a proper education. The Miranda decision concerning making civil-rights available to all is another key decision, which has become so-well known that it is now a much-used word in every Television “crime show”; “Have you read his Miranda rights?” An English case that must be included as important is ArcherShee v. The King in 1909/10. When the Petition was sent, King Edward was Sovereign; by the time the case came to Court in July 1910, the Monarch was King George V. The Incident The real “Ronnie Winslow” (the incident was dramatised in the play The Winslow Boy by Terence Rattigan) was George Archer-Shee, a 13-year-old cadet at the Osborne Naval College on the Isle of Wight. School authorities accused George of stealing a five-shilling postal order from another cadet's locker on 7th October 1908, that George forged a signature on the postal order and then cashed it. George claimed that he was innocent. The clerk-in-charge at the Post Office was the prime witness. Less than two weeks later, George's father was asked to remove him from the College. George's Family George came from a very conservative Catholic family. George's father was Martin Archer-Shee, a respected bank manager (from Liverpool) with the Bank of England in Bristol. He believed his son's professions of innocence and approached the school authorities to try to clear his son's name. He failed to get satisfaction, first from the Commander of the College, (Captain A.H. Christian), and then from the Admiralty which refused to reopen the matter. The Legal Situation Archer-Shee was constrained by the legal system in pursuing his son's case. He couldn't file a legal suit directly against the College as it and the Admiralty were technically part of the King's domain. The King, and therefore the Royal Navy, was immune from such actions. In law, the King could do no wrong. Sir Edward Carson George's father asked noted barrister Sir Edward Carson to take his son's case. Carson was known to almost every newspaper reader in England; he was the man who opposed Oscar Wilde during Wilde's notorious libel suit against the Marquess of Queensberry. Carson agreed to take the case. Petition of Right The legal options were limited because of the Admiralty's immunity as part of the King's domain. It seemed impossible that a 13-year old boy could take on the most respected institution in Britain – the Royal Navy. Carson's only option was to make use of a “Petition of Right”, which if the Home Office and the Attorney General accepted, could be given to the King. The King then had the option, if he so desired, to grant the Petition. Only then could George's case go to court. King Edward VII received George's Petition in May 1909 and signed and endorsed it, writing “Let Right be Done.” The right of a citizen to Petition the Crown is contained in one of the great three Acts of Parliament at the end of the seventeenth century – the 1688 Bill of Rights. [The other two are the Habeas Corpus Act 1679 and the 1700 Act of Settlement]. In reality, Martin Archer-Shee was Petitioning because he felt that the boy's ancient right to a fair hearing, contained in Magna Carta Libertatum 1297 [the Statute in force in 1908] had been breached. [Incidentally, the other Great English Statute is the 1627 Petition of Right made by Sir Edward Coke (pronounced Cook)]. George's case could proceed after the King's endorsement. The Admiralty was still opposed to reopening the case and challenged the petition by a Demurrer Answer and Plea on 23rd November 1909. The first court test on 12th July 1910 was won by the Admiralty (the Demurrer was upheld), but that ruling was overturned on appeal by Carson, (on 18th July 1910), so the matter returned to a Court of First instance for the facts to be heard. By denying the Demurrer (by 1910, only a Petition of Right against the King could use the right of Demurrer), the Court of Appeal removed the assertion that the Crown could do no -1-