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TOWARDS A CO-OPULENT URBANISM Urban Studio 2020 FALL Columbia University From September 2020 to December 2020 Site location: Manhattan, Chinatown Instructor: Sagi Golan (sg3020@columbia.edu) Nans Voron (nans.voron@gmail.com) Collaborator: Anirudh Venkat, Kai Zhang, Rui Zhang Design: 25%, Model: 50%, Drafting: 20%, Presentation: 50% Imagine coming to New York city with your hopes and dreams. You start a new life, you bring your culture and you build a community. The sum of your life’s work, the stories of your people and the realisation of their ‘American dream’ are all right here, in this vibrant, eclectic place you now call home. But over time, you’re forced to leave. The rents are rising, it’s too costly to live here.

CHALLENGES

• Affordability • Decaying Infrastructure • Aging Population • Limited Business Growth • Lack Of Cultural Spaces E

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“B

onds formed in the 50s and 60s in these communities are eroding under developmental pressures today.”

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Yee Fong Toy

Examples of Family Welfare Associations in Chinatown

CAN WE COME TOGETHER ONCE AGAIN TO SAVE CHINATOWN? Median household income of Asian homes in Chinatown in 2010

$29,524

“Portraits from Chinatown” Photo: Bobby Doherty/New York Magazine + 19%

- 11%

Non-Hispanic White population in Chinatown from 2000 - 2010

Asian population in Chinatown from 2000 - 2010

2000 - 2010

The times are changing in Chinatown A historic precedent of cooperation buiilt resilience to gentrification in the 20th century.

Occurence of ‘high end’ / Luxury commercial businesses Approximately 12 percent of all businesses classified as “high-end,” including 79 clothing/shoes stores and 62 restaurants.

Median household income of Non-Hispanic White homes in Chinatown in 2010

$58,265

- 12.5%

+ 24.1%

A revealing gentrification indicator in Chinatowns is the shift from multi-generational immigrant families to households comprised of young professionals.

Engagement Plan

Chinatown Daily News

Tuesday, April 20, 2021

Chinatown Daily News

Receiving Site

Tuesday, April 20, 2021

The Co-Opulence Collective The cooperative thats changing the development puzzle is pieced together.

Who owns Chinatown?

way

Chinatown’s

Underutilized Parking Structure The car parking structure is an example of a receiving site which is underutilised in terms of housing or commercial density which are of great demand in the neighbourhood. Underutilised sites stand to gain extensively through our redevelopment project. They are populated with more dynamic and meaningful social and economic programming to serve the neighbourhood and the property owners better.

Income Generation

Family Welfare Associations

Other Land Owners

City Owned

Mobilise your assests, Save our community!

Local Economy Catalyst

Organise, aggregate, monetise!

Housing Aggregation Opportunities Low Density Building

Who runs Chinatown?

While the tenement building is the most common typology in Chinatown, we also find a number of single/double storey buildings which represent underutilised sites in the neighbourhood. We identify these sites as potential 'reciever' sites where the aggregation of development rights could manifest.

Park Pavilion 欢迎光临

奶 茶

Dim Sum Palace

广 式 茶 铺 Szechwan

Community Improvements

Chinese Noodles

Hot Pot

Residents

NGOs

Local Business Owners

We identify among our site various exising tenemenht buildings as potential “receiver” of the aggregation opportunities. Additional housing programs will be manifested strategically, with a certain portion of which be affordable units to address the local housing crisis.

Have your say in Chinatown’s future!

Proposed Commercial Dev.

SITE TYPES

Chen Dance School (Planned Demolition) The building at 70 Mulberry is an example of a receiving site which is now defunct but was programmatically important to the community while it was in use. Our redevelopment of this space will acknowledge and evolve from the fact that the school and community centre were an integral part of the culture and lives of American Chinese residents in this area.

Represent, advocate, protect!

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VACANT LOTS

UNDERUTILIZED STRUCTURES AGG. HOUSING

Air Right Transfer Masterplan - Interventions Housing + Public Space + Hostel

Senior Service + Open Space + Business Incubator

Senior Center/ Community Center

Housing Expansion

Built FAR

Available FAR

Midsize Business Cluster Gallery/Cultural / Performance Space Retractable Streetscape Structure

Market + School + Office

Service Core

Housing + Hostel Complex

Business Incubator

Community Center

INTERVENTION ENGINE

Storefront Intervention SERVICE

Temporal Open Street

RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS MARKET

Chinatown Today

Aggregated FAR

STREE LEVEL

Revenue generated from Engine

FFICE

CHOOL

ARKET

M+S+O

“Crown” - Archive for MoCA

Income Engine - Offices

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New Site for Chen Dance School

Open Market for Small Businesses Street Intervention - Open Street

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Street Intervention - “Pods”

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Engine: Hostel

Intervention: Service Core Intervention: Roof Garden

Engine: Private Rent Housing Intervention: Public Housing

Intervention: Square

Intervention: Small Business Intervention: Amphitheatre Intervention: Open space

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“ENGINE” - P H H

USINESS INCUBATOR

ENIOR CENTER

PEN SPACE

O+S+B

Business Incubator Amenities Senior Center

Entrance

“ENGINE” - O S B

No Trash, All Treasure Urban Studio 2020 Spring Columbia University From February 2021 to May 2021 Site location: Manhattan, Chinatown Instructor: Kaja Kühl (kk730@columbia.edu) Anna Dietzsch (amd2318@columbia.edu) Shachi Pandey (shachi@mudworkshop.com) Collaborator: Lonas Chiu, Wenjuan Li, Yuqi Tian Design: 25%, Model: 50%, Drafting: 25%, Presentation: 50% A new waste collection infrastructure that broadens Kingston's recycling program and reduces municipal solid waste carbon emission.

More than ever, Zero Waste needs to be achieved if we want to reduce the overwhelming volume of greenhouse gas emissions produced by solid waste. As a way to promote waste reduction, we envision a system that is based on everyone’s contribution to increase the awareness of material resources and reduce municipal solid waste carbon emissions. Our project introduces a new type of waste collection infrastructure and broadens the existing recycling programs. With a focus on reuse, repair, and resource recovery education, our design is not only applicable in Kingston but also replicable throughout the region by implementing community-engaged collection nodes and a municipal central hub.

When Trash Is Waste

Nationwide, landfill of municipal waste contributes an estimated 91 million metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions in 20191, and are significant sources of soil and water pollution.

In the Zero Waste 2020 Action Plan, Ulster County shows a great ambition to reduce MSW waste by 90% by 20302. The Ulster County Resource Recovery Agency (UCRRA) collects most of Ulster County’s waste, however, participation rates are low and limited in scope. There are no government regulations to encourage repair and reuse, and the existing grass-root programs provide limited access for residents. Our proposal seeks to supplement the current system and support the goal of becoming a zero waste county.

When Trash Is Part of a System Current Waste Management

Broadened System

Currently, Kingston has a dual-stream recycling program that separates recyclable materials into two categories with tighter restrictions and changing demands of these materials. In addition, the recycling initiative research revealed that Kingston’s waste would be sent to a disposal site, Ulster County Resource Recovery Agency (UCRRA), and eventually go to landfill.

Knowing the absence of reuse and repair in Kingston, we propose a neighborhood-scale design to provide easy access for the residents and promote everyone’s participation. A central hub in Midtown Kingston is added to create a space that eliminates the idea of "trash" and engages residents by offering a diversified range of spaces and experiences that relate to the re-use and repurposing of "trash".

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Design Overview

Weekday vs. Events Days

Community Collection Nodes

Community Collection Nodes aim to decentralize the waste management system, improve trash classification, and promote community engagement for waste recycling. With easy access and symbolic value, four types of nodes are designed to accommodate different neighborhoods: street corners, parking lots, intersections, and greenery patches. Collection Nodes will be placed inside neighborhoods so that each node covers roughly four blocks (five-min walk) for daily trash drop-off and also weekly/monthly collection events.

During weekdays, residents will walk to the nodes to drop off their daily wastes and get "Trading Coupons". This system of coupons will allow residents to get refurbished items in the Central Hub and encourage them to actively participate in the recycling program. The waste will be collected by category and sent directly to UCRRA. Weekly or monthly events will be held in the node areas, so that residents can gather and bring items for repair and reuse, such as furniture, electronics, or textiles. These items will be then transported to the Central Hub for sorting, repair, and reuse.

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When Trash Is Treasure: Hub

The central Collection Hub provides full services for repairing used/broken items, with a repair studio, dropoff services, art fabrication workshops, secondhand store, open plazas for weekly/monthly events, and public space for Kingston residents. The site was chosen for its central location in the city, as well as for current land use and a great number of vacant lots. It sits at the intersection of Greenline park and many commercial venues. Abandoned industrial buildings will be repurposed.

Center Masterplan

Convenience and Change of Lifestyle

The community nodes provide convenience for the residents to recycle some unused household items. Truck will pick them up in the early morning and transport them to the hub. For those that could be future used, the on-site worker will clean them up and move to the second-hand store. Special events such as flea market and swop market will be held on the hub and residents could walk there to buy some second-hand stuff. Repair facilities also offer opportunities to reduce consumption and achieve the nowaste future.

Recycle Items Dropoff Center The driveway allows residents to drop off their old furniture, e-products, and other household items with ease.

As for this new building, it is mainly made of recycled plastic panels, concrete, wood panels, and asphalt.

Recycling Node Moving to the center of the site, there’s a large recycling node for nearby businesses and residents.

Shared Bike lane

Weekday The flexibility of space is something to highlight in the Central Hub. During normal weekdays, it is a place for relaxation, recycling, and repair. Residents and visitors can enjoy their time in the site built with recycling materials. Canopy trees along the shared greenline provide a better biking experience. And the large open lawn becomes an activity zone for people to interact with nature.

While during weekends or event times, the site will be used for flexible events. Both open space and plazas will be able to hold a large number of people for gatherings. Flea markets and education workshops help engage the local community.

The design connects the greenline with a shared-use path in the site.

Bikers move freely and can have a visual connection with the linear park.

By keeping the existing abandoned railroad and adding green spaces, the park becomes a place for people to interact with their cultural heritage and nature. Several bike racks are provided along the path as infrastructure.

Education Pavilion The education pavilion used to be a vacant building on our site, and now it is repurposed as a second-hand store and education pavilion with recycled materials. During events, reuse, repair, and resource recovery education lectures and serve as a rest area during the weekday.

Second-hand Store Behind the education pavilion is the second-hand store, it is also in the same renovated building. Items that are collected from the recycle-item dropoff area will be repaired and put ‘back to life’ here.

Flea Market

Event Days

Lastly, there will be a flea market event on the open lawn. The market will expand to all the open spaces during event days. Visitors will be able to repair, swap, and trade second-hand articles.

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EAST ST. LOUIS: RESTORING THE LIVING RIVER New Meander Urbanism Kyle Sam, Xindi Wang, Lingbei Chen, Chao Li

East St. Louis today suffers from vulnerabilities of flood, drought and water pollution with the current solution of long-term FEMA buyouts. Due to existing social and economic vulnerabilities, we aim to provide new opportunities and incentives for residents, by creating a new meander urbanism inland east of ESTL. Our design envisions a better wetland holding system in managed retreat, that combines wetlands previously cut-off by hard infrastructure. We propose a business incubator in collaboration with Wash. Univ., which encourages grads to stay in the community. This hub will promote wetland ecology and infrastructure while local NGOs can contribute to workforce development and lift people out of poverty. Improved wetlands can filter water and recharge the groundwater, as we seek to foreground cultural history by associating the history of the Cahokia Tribe which thrived on the land by living with the once free flowing river. This project serves as a replicable framework along the MI River for communities facing similar issues as we pay homage to a culture that lived in harmony with the Mississippi.

Water Filtration

Managed Retreat

Water Holding Networks

NEW MEANDER URBANISM GOALS 1. Convert constricted linear creeks into a network of discrete wetlands and use wetlands to collect water against floods and drought.

2. Design water filters to clean industrial pollution and learn from the landscape of the Cahokia Tribe and river meanders.

3. Introduce a new urban fabric to safely house those affected by buyouts and develop an incubator prototype to sustain residents and long-term vitality.

4. Utilize existing NGO’s to restore wetlands and create a self-sufficient economy and provide recreational space in the wetland areas.

5. Replicate this model for living with water along the Mississippi River.

RIVER URBANISM VS. MEANDER URBANISM

RIVER

MEANDER

Divisive Lower Land

High and Low Lands

Linear

Discrete

Masterplanned

Mixed Use Potential

Highway

MAPPING FLOODS AND MOUNDS

Farmland

Horseshoe Lake

EXISTING PROBLEMS Highway Horseshoe Lake

Farmland

Wetlands continue to die from harmful chemical pesticides that only benefit the farm industry..

2019 FLOOD AREA

Rail Road

Horseshoe Lake Sewage drainage pipe

Highway Heavy Industry

Dump

Rail Road

Horseshoe Lake Sewage drainage pipe

Severe water problems are exposed with the change of water color in creeks with the subsequent death of fish.

Highway Dump

Heavy Industry

Residential Area

INTERVENTION AREA Rail Road Mississippi River

Levee Residential Area

Mandatory flood insurance and taxes are imposed on an already vulnerable community.

Rail Road

COHOKIA MOUNDS

Mississippi River

Levee

Inland Hill Highway Farmland Farmed Wetland

Inland Hill Highway Farmland

Farmed Wetland

Polluted floodwaters are collect within the city as water is trapped by hard infrastructure.

CURRENT SITUATION

The status quo consists of colonized wetlands.

Water floods homes due to a restricted holding system.

We aim to expand the wetlands through a new urbanism model.

ECOLOGICAL MODEL Rainwater Urban Sewage Precipitationprocess Filtered and Manageable Waters

Aerationtank

PH Harmony

Remaining Chemicals

OrganicWaste Bioremediation Filter

Reduced HeavyMetals

Concealed Filter

Agricultural Pollution

SCAR BIOREMEDIATION MODULES

Following the scar topography created by the river's original meander, a bioremediation park is formed.

Sedimentation introduces a filter for water that meanwhile maintains the lands permeability.

UTILIZING MEANDER SCARS

S2 During flood events, this module can connect our module S1 to E1 to form an increased holding system and filter water through module E1.

E1

S2

Module E1 features alternative filtration infrastructure while providing recreational space through the design of meander scars.

Excess rainwater makes it way from Wetland S2, through filtration into ecological module E1.

CONCEALED FILTRATION INFRASTRUCTURE

To address heavier industry pollutants, we proposed a concealed alternative filtration system under an existing roadway that previously divided and disconnected the wetlands.

SECTION FOR THE NEW HUMAN SETTLEMENT

AERATION TANK By adjusting the pH and further removing organic pollutants, clean water can re-enter the wetland.

AQUACULTURE Native wetland species such as crayfish and catfish can provide economic value to residents while maintaining the ecological functions of the region.

PERMACULTURE The diversified permaculture, adjusted accordingly to the topography, provides a stable food source and forms a buffer between the city and the wetland.

BIOREMEDIATION FILTER Grasses, gravel, and even microbes break down organic waste in this natural pool.

CONCEALED FILTER Utilizing filters under roads to remove heavier industrial pollution.

Aquaculture

BENTHIC MARSH Small invertebrates thrive on a rich accumulation of organic matter and act as scavengers.

FRESHWATER FISH Freshwater fish in deepwater thrive in a richer food chain.

Permaculture

CATFISH Native species of catfish will better adapt to changes between the wet and dry seasons in wetlands.

PUBLIC WATERFRONT The natural platform forms a dynamic public space and becomes an important part of activating urban vitality within the incubator sites.

CAHOKIA MOUND PARK We pay homage to a culture that resided within the wetlands SOCIAL INCUBATOR land 700-years ago Acts as a heart to the to enhance an expecomunity and provides rience of living with opportunities in denwater. sification for the local BETTER BUY OUT economy.

In managed retreat, residents are now incentivized by new opportunities, economically and recreationally in this new urban fabric, safe from the MI River.

Public Waterfront

AQUATIC PLANT PRODUCTS Local aquatic products may bring new industries to the area.

Cahokia Mound State Park

WILD RICE While adapting to the aquatic and xerophytic changes in the wetland environment, it also provides a reliable food source for the surrounding area.

CORN Corn is a water sensitive crop and can obtain higher yields at a distance from the dynamic water source.

Social Incubator

Better Buyout