UD_SU21_120

Luchen Liu ll3445@columbia.edu

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PLAQUEMINE LOCK

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BEANS, NOT BURGERS

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INformal

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Reconnecting the Basin between Two Levees.

A Generational Shift in Food Culture.

A Street Initiative.

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Summer Studio 2021

PLAQUEMINE LOCK Reconnecting the Basin between Two Levees.

Site // Plaquemine, Louisiana Studio Instructors // Kate Orff, Geeta Metha, Dilip Da Cunha, Justine Holzman, Adriana Chavez, Tori Vuono Teammates // Yuehui Du, Luchen Liu, Yi Shang, and Huiya Zhong

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The city of Plaquemine is located at the junction of the lower Mississippi River and Atchafalaya River basin. With the historical lock, Plaquemine once served as a navigation node across the levees of two rivers. However, after the close of the lock, levees of the Atchafalaya River and the Mississippi River disconnect Plaquemine and the Basin in-between. Furthermore, The disconnection from the river causes degradation of the Basin ecologically and economically.

back swamps, the sediments to the eroded coast, and the water to declining Plaquemine complete each other. Altogether, the reconnection will create the context to foster an adaptive economy and way of life that bolster our vision for a sustainable future.

Commencing at repurposing the historic Lock from an engineered device to an ecological one, we envision a significant shift of eco-economy in the disconnected Basin. With interventions systemically impacting on different levels, we will reconnect people with isolated water bodies. Connection of the rivers to the stagnant

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THE BASIN WILL BE INUNDATED AND LOST IF NO ACTION IS TAKEN Eventually, the lush-looking Basin is now a stagnant “museum forest.”Without action, the whole Basin will be submerged, facing climate change. And the natural services of water filtration, carbon capture, and wildlife habitat will disappear in 50 years.

Baton Rouge

a l ay haf

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aR Plaquemine

s ipp

iR

Lafaye�e

is iss

r i ve

M

iv e r

New Orleans

Morgan City

LEGEND Land Loss Land Gain Flood Depth (0 - 40 �) Canal 6

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ENVISIONING A BETTER ECOLOGICAL & ECONOMIC FUTURE ALONG BAYOU PLAQUEMINE Before the forest clearing and wetland destruction have been completed, We can still protect our Basin.

With hydrologic restoration, biological regeneration, and eco-economic revitalization, we envision a future of reconnecting the rivers and the stagnant backswamps, the sediments and the eroded coast, and ultimately the water and local communities.

The interventions to achieve this vision will start at redesigning an ecological device instead of an engineered one with the same Lock in Plaquemine. Not to exploit but to restore the ecosystem of this Basin in between, we want to foster an alternative economy by reconnecting rivers, back swamps, wetlands, and people.

Par�cipa�ng Aquaculture

Micro Energy Lock Museum

Waterfront Market

yo u ba

Deten�on Ponds

jaco b

mine que a l up yo a b

Old Canals ive

Crawfish Farming

baton rouge

Food Industry

East Atchafalaya Protection Levee r gra nd r

Wetland Recrea�on Unlocked Lock

View of Confluence

up pe

Boat Launches

t allen lock por

r Wild Crawfish

plaquemine

Mississippi River Levee Float Housing

Swamp Tour

river a river

nd

Bird Observa�on

Recrea�on Center Puctures on Levee

r erra w o g er w lo

nd

Wild Crawfish

rrel u so bayo

ATCHAFALAYA BASIN Hydrologic Restoration

BAYOU PLAQUEMINE Adaptive Eco-economy

PLAQUEMINE LOCK Dynamic Water Management

Thus, we develop a series of restorative strategies that have systemic impacts on different socio-ecological systems to rebuild the natural connection.

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RECREATION & RESORT

Plaquemine Lock in 1940s as a Navigation Device

DEPOTS MARKET PARK & DOCK

LOCK MUSEUM

Seasonal Flooding and Drying Cycles

REOPEN THE LOCK & WATER MANAGEMENT The lock will no longer function for shipments but dynamic water control, with the rotation to accommodate the volume of waterflow from the Mississippi River. We repurpose the lock constructions to be a museum to exhibit the process of hydrological engineering, to raise awareness that water is life. The broad top landscape can be served as clean energy harvest and storage, along with plants and vegetation to buffer the reopened riverside. According to the water stage and precipitation, we manage the flow from the river to the gulf, planning for a seasonal flooding and drying cycle of the Atchafalaya Basin.

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ADAPTIVE ECO-ECONOMY ALONG THE BAYOU Typical Puncture & Adaptive Housing

SUSTAINABLE CRAWFISH FARMING

House Boat

Market + Dock Water Management

Bayou Recreation

Adaptive Housing

Wildlife Observation

Create Outdoor Jobs

Improve Resilient Facilities

Develop Tourism Industry

Self-sufficient in Energy / Water

Sluice Gate Refrigerator

Farming + Water Filter

Recreation Center Crawfish Cargo Dock

Plug-in Floating House Pathway + Utilities

Restoration of Natural Seasonal Flood

Backfilling Canals Atchafalaya Basin

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Adaptive Aquaculture

Confluence with Bayou Bayou Plaquemine

A City by Bayou

Lock Site Landscape Mississippi River

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LEFT: FLOOD SEASON - CRAWFISH HARVEST AND RICE PLANTING RIGHT: DRY SEASON - PONDS DRAIN AND RICE HARVEST 14

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LEFT: FLOOD SEASON - WATERWAY TRANSPORTATION HUB CONNECTS TWO SIDES RIGHT: DRY SEASON - CRAWFISH MARKET CONCENTRATES THE PUBLIC 16

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UTIL ITIE S

OAT + PLUG -IN

PI ER RIV

ADAPTI VE HO USEB

SIP

CRAW

r

R IVE

BALD CYP RE SS

FISH

ROTA TION

FARM

PIPELINE CANAL BACKFILLING ELO DEA

EDUC ATI ON AL SW

Big Fork Bayou

ALLIGATOR WEED

ON

aR lay afa

ISH TF CA L NE AN TOR CH IGA ALL

PLAN NED

Morgan City

N RSIO DIVE

PLANNED DIVERSION

NEW PLAQUEMINE LOCK Planned Diversion and Levee Crevasse Spring Water Flow Winter Water Flow 2017 MP Diversion

SSE

CREVA

GRE AT BL UE HE R

BACK S WAM PS

i v er

LEGEND

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INE LO

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LEVEE

Avoca Island Cutoff

TER NEW PLA QUEM

CEN

BAY OU PL AQ U

i ssis

R i ve

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MISSIS

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CRAWFISH

N TIO REA REC

pi sip

Bayou Sorrel

K

R AYA FAL HA ATC

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DU

Uper Grand River

PLQUEMINE LOCK: DYNAMIC WATER MANAGEMENT

W D OO

Baton Rouge

Houma

HYDROLOGIC RESTORATION OF THE ATCHAFALAYA BASIN The dynamic water management of Plaquemine lock and adaptive economy along the Bayou Plaquemine contribute to and rely on the hydrologic restoration of the whole Atchafalaya Basin.

A planned diversion in the sinking Terrebonne Basin Delta will outlet the excessive water and sediment and restore the eroded coast. With punctures and backfillings, the riverine water will flow into the backswamps again, bringing the oxygen and nutrients that ensure the fauna and flora thriving. In addition, the natural services, including carbon storage, forest, fish and wildlife resources, and nutrient reduction, will contribute to socioeconomic revitalizations of the local Cajun population and culture.

We envision a future of the Basin between Atchafalaya and the Mississippi River through reconnecting distributaries. Overall, a series of networked multi-site interventions collectively provides a chance to revitalize the Basin with ecological and economic benefits.

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Spring Studio 2021 In Kingston, students rely on school meals to fulfill two-thirds of their nutritional needs, but meal distribution stopped due to COVID. This caused community organizations, like the Emergency Food Collaborative, to stand up and support these kids in great need. This project saw opportunities to build collaboration with local communities that can alter the current system.

A Generational Shift in Food Culture.

Site // Kingston, New York

This design wants to promote education engagement at George Washington ES by creating gardens and a kitchen classroom that will expose children to different foods, which will establish different eating habits that will ultimately create a generational shift in food production. The Broadway site will provide storage for this school, including other schools and restaurants. We will make the resources at these nodes available to the community using a busi-

BR I D G I N

NG DIET I P A H S E

D E U C G AT N I T I O F I H

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S

Teammates // Chinedu Adiele, Chen Liu, and Luchen Liu

NERATIONS GE

Studio Instructors // Kaja Kühl, Anna Dietzsch, Thaddeus Pawlowski, Shachi Pandey, Lee Altman, Zarith Pineda, Tori Vuono

By investing in a community-driven system of collectively owned and operated kitchens and gardens, we can improve the use of local produce, reduce the carbon footprint associated with food production, and foster a healthier food culture.

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BEANS, NOT BURGERS

ness incubator. Henry Street will act as a corridor to link the two nodes and will be transformed into a plaza that creates a safer and vitalized pedestrian experience for kids and nearby residents.

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FOOD INSECURE PEOPLE IN ULSTER

18,870

ANNUAL FOOD BUDGET KINGSTON KIDS ARE HURTING

COUNTY

$11,004,000

Much of the city’s Midtown area is labeled as a food desert, where residents don’t have access to local and fresh food. Fewer than 50% of retailers sell fresh produce

secure

P

insecurity

HEALTH CARE COSTS A WITH Among the high number of kids FOOD who need freeINSECURITY or price-reduced

$23,436,960

lunch, some of them still need to pay the remaining 20% of the school lunch budget.

secure below

P

P

10.5%

In addition, nearly 80% of grocery stores do not sell local ingredients. The difficulty in accessing fresh food has contributed to higher rates of obesity and diabetes, as well as mental health issues.

above

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FOOD INSECURITY RATE

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Above SNAP, Other Nutrition Program threshold $200 proverty

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Below SNAP, Other Nutrition J Program threshold $200 proverty

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Farmers Markets Farms Cultivated Crops

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Pasture/Hay Developed (High)

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Agricultural District

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$11,004,000

Legend

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ANNUAL FOOD BUDGET SHORTFALLJJ

10 K M

30%

Kingston

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Developed (Low)

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Other (10%)

Sysco Albany Warehouse

Other

Supplies (5%)

Agriculture 58000-30% 67999 29000 - 34999 Less than of the 68000 109000 35000 - 41999 produce is- produced in 42000 - 57999 New York State

Median Household Income (USD)

Supplies

%) 48 ( r

% od (37 ) Fo

The Cost of School Lunch per Meal is Lesser Than

US$3

Labor Food

The Cost of Ingredient per Meal is Only About

SCHOOL LUNCHES ARE BROUGHT CO2 CH 4 87 MILES AWAY IN FROM

LegendIndustrialized

US$1

Agricultural Districts

CO2

Race 1 Dot for 5 people

Lab ou

White (Non - Hispanic)

87 M

ILES

Minority Schools get cheap and unhealthy food from Sysco, a food distributor located north of Albany. For the high number of students who are food insecure, the food they get at school covers the majority of their daily diet.

CH 4

87 Miles Away Less than 20% of the trailers fleet are alternative fuel vehicles

Sysco Albany Warehouse More than

10% CO2 of

food is wasted and sent to a landfill

CO2

Legend Schools with a Kitchen Schools without a Kithcen Food Circulation Warehouse

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Kingston City School District 25

WE MAY GROW A BETTER FUTURE

Myers ES

Edson ES

J. Watson Bailey MS

Broadway Food Hub

Chambers ES

George Washington ES Kingston HS

Esopus Agriculture Center Our project proposes to build on this community resilience and design a new food system for Kingston that would better serve the city’s residents and especially its school children. This strategy, encompassing one school, one street, and one community food hub, will test a model that could later be introduced to other communities in need.

We envision a multi-hub system. Our hub is a prototype that can be applied to schools outside of the Kingston School District. We believe that the current food system is in need of institutional change and that a resilient food culture should be included in the schools’ curriculum.

Legend Public Schools

John F. Kennedy ES

Kingston Farmers Market Holy Cross Church Ulster County Community Action

Hub/Micro Hubs Current Food Programs School-Hub Corridor Produce Circulation

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GEORGE WASHINGTON ES The George Washington Elementary School campus intervention includes an onsite kitchen to empower the school with the ability and flexibility to be involved in what kids eat, which is currently controlled by the school district. The kitchen will serve as a classroom as well, where children can engage in cooking. The school’s small garden between the school building and Hudson Valley senior residence will be expanded and supplemented with greenhouses to extend the garden’s operation time to winter months.

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GEORGE WASHINGTON ES The greenhouses, the kitchen, and other buildings create an atmosphere that gives the kids a sense of being in a village since everything is designed at the scale of the kids.

By creating gardens and a kitchen classroom, children are exposed to how vegetables are extracted from the ground. This exposure to different foods will help young minds foster different eating habits that will ultimately create a generational shift in food production and consumption.

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Henry St Corridor The street offers the connecting link between the school and the food hub, and plays a critical role in prioritizing health and well-being in the community. The street intervention envisions a future that prioritizes the pedestrian - not the vehicle and offers open space and flexible programs in lieu of parking. Different groups of people can use the space for various activities throughout the day.

Pedestrian walkways along the street are separated from vehicular traffic in order to create a safer and more enjoyable experience for students as they travel between the two sites.

allow for a range of uses and activities: In the morning, the street offers students a green space where they can eat, study, play and jog.

Elderly community members can play BINGO or other table games, enjoying a sunshine-filled afternoon with friends and family.

Later on in the evening, this open space provides a gathering place for people to do Yoga and other activities.

The Central part of the street becomes a long plaza that allows for walking, passing through, flexible eating, and relaxation. The two sides of the road will remain for vehicular movement. The plaza will

MORNING 32

AFTERNOON

EVENING 33

BROADWAY FOOD HUB The hub’s ground level consists of: Storage: a local warehouse located at the back of the site Market: a fresh food market that is placed along Broadway The hub’s second level houses: a central kitchen, surrounded by rental units and dining areas for small, locally-owned restaurants.

Pavilion: A small structure across Henry Street where visitors can get directions and learn about the programs and more information about all the components of the communal hub.

This hub also functions as a primary place for students from the school and for community members to come and buy fresh ingredients from the fresh food market. The warehouse will be used for storage space for other schools and restaurants in Kingston, thus increasing flexibility and local produce.

The central kitchen provides a space that is available to residents by reservation.

In this kitchen, community members can cook their own meals and participate in culinary courses.

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rots Car

Lower greenhouse gas emissions caused by long-distance transportation

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Broadway Food Hub

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Will Reduce 50 Times of Greenhouse Gas Emissions to Get The Same Amount of Protein.

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A GENERATIONAL TRANSITION IN PRODUCTION By building collaboration with other partners in the school district, we can localize the supply and gain purchasing power to buy from farms directly, lowering the system’s carbon footprint.

Flexibility to discover new flavors and a healthier diet plan

Corn

To Harve

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Jul

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farms creates:

Influence on what and how food is produced

No

Dec

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ets bbage e B Ca

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A closer relationship with local

Oct

Sep

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Fall Studio 2020

INformal A Street Initiative.

Site // Inwood, New York City, New York Studio Instructors // Nans Voron, Austin Sakong, Ifeoma Ebo, Noah Chasin, Sagi Golan, Tami Banh, Candelaria Pohmajevic, Tori Vuono, German Bahamon Teammates // Ishita Ghosh, Wenjuan Li, Luchen Liu, and Dhania Yasmin

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“The population in Inwood has steadily been growing, however the growth is only siding with the wealthy. Many of our dominican friends have been displaced because they cannot afford to live or work here anymore.

times of the day. These pop-up public zones will create a network of pedestrian-friendly zones. In this way, people take the dominance of the street. And it also attracts potential consumers for migrants’ informal businesses on the streets.”

Thus, we formed this organisation called the 10th avenue collectives to address the economic hardship of our fellow friends. Most of our members immigrated to NY in the mid 1960’s, and since then many of us have established small businesses.

The flexible street system is what we proposed to happen in the future urban system. These street activity spaces are similar to a pop-up public space, which could be turned into recreational playgrounds, outdoor dining, or relaxing sitting areas based on necessities and different

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OUR SUFFERING OF DISPLACEMENT

Median Income $56,051 Median $56,0In Median Income $56,051 Median Income Median Income $56,0 White Non-White White Non-White

INWOOD,NYC Race

Others White Hispanic White <$20K Hispanic Others

Hispanic $20K-60K Others <$20K Others(US$) White Income

$60K-100K Hispanic <$20K $20K-60K <$20K>$100K Others

>$100K>$100K

30-60K

Population Growth 3,2%

White Hispanic

>$100K $60K-100K $60K-100K

DEMOGRAPHIC Population Growth 3,2%

White

$60K-100K $20K-60K $20K-60K

>60K

<$20K $20K-60K $60K-100K >$100K

Population Growth 3,2% Population Growth 3,2% Population Growth 3,2% Median Age 35.6 Median Age 35.6 Median Age 35.6 3,2% Population Growth Race Median Age 35.6 Median Age 35.6 Race Median Race Age 35.6 Hispanic Immigrant RaceRace Hispanic Immigrant

Race

73,7%

70,5%

Hispanic Immigrant 73,7% HispanicHispanic Immigran Immigrant t 73,7% Hispanic Immigra 70,5% 73,7%

Non-Hispanic

nt

73,7% ??%70,5% 73,7% 29,5%

2010

2018 2020+ 29,5%

29,5%

26,3% 2010

Non-Hisp anic Non-Hispan ic 26,3% Non-Hisp anic

Non-Hispanic 26,3% 2020+

2010 2018

2010 2010

2018

26,3%

2010

40

>60K White Median Income $56,051 30-60K >60K 30-60K <30K

White

>60K

30-60K <30K

30-60K

<30K

White

>60K

Non-White 30-60K

<30K

<30K Unemployement 16.1% Pop. belowRate poverty 26 % Unemployement Rate Unemplo Unemployement Rate Pop. below poverty 26 % Unemployement Rate 16.1% Education Pop. below poverty 2 Pop. below poverty 2 Pop. be Pop. below 29% poverty 26 % Education No Diploma Education Education Educatio Education

70,5% 70,5%

??%

29%

??% No Diploma 29% 70,5% ??% 20% No Diploma High School ??% Graduate

29,5% 29,5%

26,3%

>60K

Unemployement Rate 16.1%

??%

26,3%

Non-Hispanic

<30K

White

2020+

2018 2018

29,5%

2020+

20%

2020+

2018

20%

High School High School Graduate Graduate

29%

No Di 29%

No Di

20% High S 20% Gradu

High S Gradu

2020+

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THE CITIES OF TODAY Migrants’ Encounter

THE CITIES OF TOMORROW THE CITIES OF TOMORROW We believe by creating INCLUSIVE ENGAGEMENTS We believe by creating through

INCLUSIVE ENGAGEMENTS COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION through MULTI-INSTITUTION COLLABORATION COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION MULTI-INSTITUTION COLLABORATION DISCRIMINATION

HOUSING

INEQUITY

promotes

L CE

LANGUAGE BARRIER

SOCIAL HARRASEMENT

FLEXIBILITY IN CREATING promotes ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY FLEXIBILITY IN CREATING ACCESS TO PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

NT

and building

We believe that

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MIGRANTS’ SHOULD HAVE EQUAL RIGHTS TO THE CITY

ACCESSIBILITY TO FORMAL & and building INFORMAL EDUCATION ACCESSIBILITY TO FORMAL & INFORMAL EDUCATION By prompting optimized use of

STREETS AND PUBLIC SPACES By prompting optimized use of

STREETS AND PUBLIC SPACES 43

PUBLICIZE THE UNDERUSED UNDER ELEVATED TO AN ACTIVITY PLAZA We would like this corridor to also include this plaza by relocating this pumping station as our project is more pedestrian friendly. We plan to create an inclusive environment for various activities. We are proposing a flexible design where educational workshops can be held and in the same space movie screening can also take place in the evenings.

Informal Business

NEIGHBORHOOD CONNECTION

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Green Space

Outdoor Eating

Pop-up Food Truck

Platform

Billboard

Climbing Vein

Art Wall

ACTIVITY PLAZA

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INFRASTRUCTURE DRIVEN ECONOMY INCUBATOR These infrastructures which we are proposing can be prototyped and used around in our city where there are other elevated stations and it can be arranged as per the site requires.

Solar Panel

Noise Barrier Noise Barrier Rainwater Pipe BILLBOARD

WASTE BIN

WASHBASIN

BAR TABLE

DINING TABLE

BENCH

RESTROOM

BOOKCASE

LOCKER

Lighting Lighting Green Wall

Amenities

Bioretention

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A DAY OF A STREET VENDOR

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