BLIND ZONE ALERT SYSTEM USING ZIGBEE BASED WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

GRD Journals | Global Research and Development Journal for Engineering | International Conference on Innovations in Engineering and Technology (ICIET) - 2016 | July 2016

e-ISSN: 2455-5703

Blind Zone Alert System using ZigBee based Wireless Sensor Network 1K.

C. Vigneswar 2Mr. S. Arunkumar 1 Assistant Professor 2Professor 1,2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 1,2 PSNA College of Engineering & Technology, Dindigul 624 622 INDIA Abstract The main purpose of this project is to detect and monitor objects within a predetermined distance from the vehicle that may be approaching its blind-spot. Moreover, the invention is particularly designed to be used for a vehicle that does not have a factoryequipped blind-spot detection system. This method and system utilizes two ultrasonic sensors for the vehicle to detect approaching objects, including other vehicles, pedestrians and other possible obstacles, in the blind-spot area. Due to the increasing number of sensors deployed in modern vehicles, intra-vehicular wireless sensor networks (IVWSNs) have recently received a lot of attention in the automotive industry, as they can reduce the amount of wiring harness inside a vehicle. By removing the wires, car manufacturers can reduce the weight of a vehicle and improve engine performance, fuel economy, and reliability. An example application, known as a side blind zone alert (SBZA) system, which monitors the blind zone of the vehicle and alerts the driver in a timely manner to prevent collisions, is discussed in this project. The performance of the IVWSN-based SBZA system is done with the help of ZigBee which are implemented on two moving vehicle modules.

Keyword- Blind spot, Pedestrian, Intra-vehicular Wireless sensor __________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION Modern production vehicles are highly computerized and the major functionalities of a vehicle are controlled by several electronic control units (ecus) inside the vehicle. Ecus require sensors to gather real-time information of the Vehicle in order to control the vehicular operations. Currently, Most of the sensors inside vehicles are connected to the ecus by physical wires.

Controller area networks (CAN), flexray, And local interconnect network (LIN) are the common technologies currently used for the wired network inside vehicles. However, because the complexity of vehicles is getting higher, and the number of applications and gadgets in vehicles keeps increasing, the large number of wires needed to connect sensors. With ecus pose significant challenges. Ultra-wideband (UWB) technique attracts attention from automotive manufacturers as a potential way to construct intra-vehicle wireless sensor network. This paper contains the empirical study of intra-vehicle wireless sensor network based on blue tooth low energy device (BLE). Here the side blind zone alert system is designed based on IVWSN and tested on 2011 Cadillac Escalade.

II. PROPOSED SYSTEM This project proposes to use an IVWSN to support the blind zone alert feature as a new industrial platform. Side blind zone alert (SBZA) system, which monitors the blind zone of the vehicle and alerts the driver in a timely manner to prevent collisions is discussed. In this project a blind zone alert system is designed and implemented on an IVWSN platform based on the Zigbee technology. It could be a great fit for certain applications of IVWSNs due to its accuracy. The blind-spot monitoring system consists of two detection systems and one monitoring and warning system. These two detection systems are deployed to monitor and detect objects in the blind- spot areas. The detection systems transfer the associated information of the detected object to the monitoring and warning system wirelessly. Each detection system comprises a distance sensor, wireless transceiver, and power supply. The monitoring and warning system is responsible for processing the data received from detection systems and warning the driver properly. The monitoring and warning system is established on a display and control unit, which also provides a user interface for the user to interact with system.

All rights reserved by www.grdjournals.com

244

Blind Zone Alert System using ZigBee based Wireless Sensor Network (GRDJE / CONFERENCE / ICIET - 2016 / 039)

Fig. 1: Block diagram of the module in the vehicle

This system consist of two modules namely  Module in the vehicle  Monitoring station

Fig. 2: Block diagram of the monitoring station

III. WORKING PRINCIPLE Here there are two modules, one as detector and another as target each module consists of PIC microcontroller, 16X2 LCD display, two ultrasonic sensors and one zigbee consol.

Since zigbee act as both sensor and wireless sensor networking system that makes each node in the modules. The power supply for zigbee module is from the microcontroller. These two modules consist of relay control unit for moving action. There will be a light indicator and sound alert for alerting these two modules from collision with each other.

Here both zigbee works based on RSSI (i.e.) it will compare present and past position of the modules depends on the signals received by both zigbee so with help of this detector senses that some target device or module is approaching the detector module and light indictor indicates that some module with zigbee approach and further if that module approach the detector has ultrasonic sensor senses the obstacle and alerts by sound with help of buzzer so that timely collision of both devices can be prevented.

There will be base station which is nothing but a laptop or personal computer to which an zigbee module is connected for monitoring the modules parameter (i.e.) the distance of the detector for the target device and the LCD of the modules shows the distance of two sides from the module and also the zigbee RSSI, these parameters can be monitored in the laptop by creating app using visual basic so that these forms a wireless sensor network.

All rights reserved by www.grdjournals.com

245

Blind Zone Alert System using ZigBee based Wireless Sensor Network (GRDJE / CONFERENCE / ICIET - 2016 / 039)

IV. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION A. Ultrasonic Sensor Ultrasonic sensor is utilized for the project prototype due to its low cost and wild availability. The system shows the technical specifications from a typical ultrasonic sensor. One focus of this project is to minimize the power consumption for the distance detection sensor box. Bluetooth Low Energy is a new standard within the Bluetooth v4.0 core specification, which operates on an extreme low power level. The system shows some technical specifications for Bluetooth Low Energy standard.

Fig. 3: Hardware setup of vehicle station

B. Microcontroller Microcontroller is a computer on a chip that is programmed to perform almost any control, sequencing, monitoring and display the function. Because of its relatively low cost, it becomes the natural choice to the designer. Microcontroller is designed to be all of that in one. Its great advantage is no other external components are needed for its application because all necessary peripherals are already built into it.

C. ZigBee Transceiver For a project based on wireless sensor , the most popular wireless technologies are Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11(Wi-Fi) and ZigBee. Among these options, only the ones that are supported by Smartphone can be considered, since the Smartphone should be able to transmit/receive the wireless signal independently. Therefore, we ruled out the option of ZigBee because it’s not built -in to any Smartphone at present. In addition, as our blind -spot detection system is not embedded into the vehicle, an external power source, such as a battery, is required.

D. Relay Control These detected undesirable movements will interfere with blind spot monitoring results and may trigger false alarms. Discrete distances to moving objects can be detected and measured. It has resistance to external disturbances such as vibration, infrared radiation, ambient noise.

E. LCD LCDs use these liquid crystals because they react predictably to electric current in such a way as to control the passage of light.

The approach is that if the distance traveled by the robot (indicated by encoders) reaches the reference distance sent by MATLAB, the robot stops and waits for the next command. The same approach is valid for rotation where the angle of rotation indicated by the wheel encoders can be compared with the reference rotation angle commanded.

V. CONCLUSION It is envisioned that modern vehicles produced in the near future will be equipped with more wireless sensors, which are parts of the IVWSNs, to improve fuel economy, safety, engine performance, and offer more features. Based on the observation that some of these wireless sensors have low duty cycles, it is shown that additional features and functionalities can be provided by utilizing the idle time of these sensors. In this paper, the blind zone alert system is chosen as an illustrative application; a specially designed system is installed in the rear of a vehicle and it detects the presence of a target vehicle in its blind zone based

All rights reserved by www.grdjournals.com

246

Blind Zone Alert System using ZigBee based Wireless Sensor Network (GRDJE / CONFERENCE / ICIET - 2016 / 039)

on the received signal strength of packets broadcast by the sensors such as TPMS sensors of the target vehicle. The system is designed, implemented, and evaluated on a commercially available BLE platform. Evaluation results from the two real experiments conducted are very promising as the proposed system can achieve approximately 95%–99% detection rate with less than 15% false alarm rate. Due to its low cost (as compared to the existing systems such as radar- and camera-based solutions) and simple implementation (i.e., the proposed system can be implemented on the existing sensors with slight modifications), the IVWSN-based blind zone alert system presented in this paper could be an attractive solution for car manufacturers.

REFERENCES [1] M. Ahmed, C. Saraydar, T. ElBatt, J. Yin, T. Talty, and M. Ames, “Intravehicular wireless networks,” in Proc. IEEE Globecom Workshop, Nov. 2007, pp. 1–9.

[2] J. Yick, B. Mukherjee, and D. Ghosal, “Wireless sensor network survey,” Comput. Netw., vol. 52, no. 12, pp. 2292–2330, 2008.

[3] F. Kong and J. Tan, “A collaboration based hybrid vehicular sensor network architecture,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Inf. Autom. (ICIA), 2008, pp. 584–589.

[4] I. Demirkol, C. Ersoy, and F. Alagoz, “Mac protocols for wireless sensor networks: A survey,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol.

44, no. 4, pp. 115–121, Apr. 2006.

[5] S. C. Ergen and P. Varaiya, “Tdma scheduling algorithms for wireless sensor networks,” Wireless Netw., vol. 16, no. 4, pp.

985–997, 2010.

[6] S. C. Ergen and P. Varaiya, “PEDAMACS: Power efficient and delay aware medium access protocol for sensor networks,” IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput., vol. 5, no. 7, pp. 920–930, Jul. 2006.

[7] W. Shen, T. Zhang, F. Barac, and M. Gidlund, “Prioritymac: A priorityenhanced mac protocol for critical traffic in industrial wireless sensor and actuator networks,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., vol, 10, no. 1, pp. 824– 835, Feb. 2014.

[8] E. Toscano and L. Lo Bello, “Multichannel superframe scheduling for ieee 802.15. 4 industrial wireless sensor networks,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 337–350, May. 2012.

[9] K. Akkaya and M. Younis, “A survey on routing protocols for wireless sensor networks,” Ad hoc Netw., vol. 3, no. 3, pp.

325–349, 2005.

[10] S. C. Ergen and P. Varaiya, “Energy efficient routing with delay guarantee for sensor networks,” Wireless Netw., vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 679–690, 2007.

[11] D. Zhang, G. Li, K. Zheng, X. Ming, and Z.-H. Pan, “An energy-balanced routing method based on forward-aware factor for wireless sensor networks,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 766–773, Feb. 2014.

[12] J. Niu, L. Cheng, Y. Gu, L. Shu, and S. K. Das, “R3E: Reliable reactive routing enhancement for wireless sensor networks,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 784–794, Feb. 2014.

[13] A. Bonivento, C. Fischione, L. Necchi, F. Pianegiani, and A. Sangiovanni- Vincentelli, “System level design for clustered wireless sensor networks,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 202–214, Aug. 2007.

[14] S.Shin, T.Kwon, G.-Y. Jo, Y.Parkand H. Rhy, “An experimental study of hierarchical intrusion detection for wireless industrial sensor networks”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 744–757, Nov. 2010.

[15] G. Anastasi, M. Conti, M. Di Francesco, and A. Passarella, “Energy conservation in wireless sensor networks: A survey,” Ad hoc Netw., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 537–568, 2009.

[16] G. Anastasi, M. Conti, and M. Di Francesco, “Extending the lifetime of wireless sensor networks through adaptive sleep,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 351–365, Aug. 2009.

[17] M. Magno, D. Boyle, D. Brunelli, E. Popovici, and L. Benini, “Ensuring survivability of resource-intensive sensor networks through ultra-low power overlays,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 946–956, May 2014.

[18] L. Li, S. Li, and S. Zhao, “Qos-aware scheduling of services-oriented internet of things,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., vol.

10, no. 2, pp. 1497– 1505, May 2014.

[19] N. Marchenko, T. Andre, G. Brandner, W. Masood, and C. Bettstetter, “An experimental study of selective cooperative relaying in industrial wireless sensor networks,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 1806–1816, Aug. 2014.

[20] K. Park, J. Kim, H. Lim, and Y. Eun, “Robust path diversity for network quality of service in cyber-physical systems,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 2204–2215, Nov. 2014.

[21] A.R.Moghimi, H.-M.Tsai, C.Saraydar and O.K.Tonguz, “Characterizing intra-car wireless channels”, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 58, no. 9, pp. 5299–5305, Nov. 2009.

[22] J.-R.Lin, T.Talty, and O.K.Tonguz, “An empirical performance study of intra-vehicular wireless sensor networks under wifi and bluetooth interference,” in Proc. IEEE Global Commun. Conf. (GLOBECOM), Dec. 2013, pp. 581–586.

[23] H. Lee, H.-M.Tsai and O.K.Tonguz, “On the security of intra-car wireless sensor networks,” in Proc. IEEE 70th Veh. Technol. Conf. (VTC), 2009, pp. 1–5.

[24] H.-M. Tsai et al., “Zigbee-based intra-car wireless sensor networks: A case study,” IEEE Wireless Commun. Mag., vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 67–77, Dec. 2007.

[25] J.-R.Lin, T. Talty, and O.K.Tonguz, “On the potential of Bluetooth low energy technology for vehicular applications,” IEEE Commun. Magazine, Ad Hoc Sensor Netw. Series, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 267–275, Jan. 2015.

All rights reserved by www.grdjournals.com

247

Blind Zone Alert System using ZigBee based Wireless Sensor Network (GRDJE / CONFERENCE / ICIET - 2016 / 039)

[26] O.K.Tonguz, H.M.Tsai, T. Talty, A. Macdonald, and C. Saraydar, “RFID technology for intra-car communications: A new paradigm,” in Proc. IEEE 64th Veh. Technol. Conf. (VTC), 2006, pp. 1–6.

[27] W.Niu, J.Li and T.Talty, “Intra-vehicle UWB channel measurements and statistical analysis”, in Proc. IEEE Global Commun. Conf. (GLOBECOM), 2008, pp. 1–5.

[28] C. U. Bas and S. C. Ergen, “Ultra-wideband channel model for intravehicular wireless sensor networks,” in Proc. IEEE Wireless CommunNetw. Conf. (WCNC), 2012, pp. 42–47.

[29] C. U. Bas and S. C. Ergen, “Ultra-wideband channel model for intravehicularwireless sensor networks beneath the chassis: From statisticalmodel to simulations,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 62, pp. 14–25, Jan.2013.

[30] J. P. Carmo, P. M. Mendes, C. Couto, and J. H. Correia, “A 2.4-ghzcmos short-range wireless-sensor-network interface for automotive applications,”IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 1764–1771, May2010.

[31] R.de Francisco, L.Huang, G.Dolmans and H.de Groot, “Coexistence ofzigbee wireless sensor networks and Bluetooth inside a vehicle”, in Proc.IEEE 20th Int. Symp. Personal, Indoor Mobile Radio Communications, 2009,pp. 2700–2704.

[32] L. Lo Bello and E. Toscano, “Coexistence issues of multiple co-locatedIEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee networks running on adjacent radio channelsin industrial environments,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., vol. 5, no. 2,pp. 157–167, May 2009.

[33] D. W. Matolak and A. Chandrasekaran, “Aircraft intra-vehicular channel characterization in the 5 ghz band,” in Proc. IEEE Integr. Commun.Navig.Surveill. Conf. (ICNS), 2008, pp. 1–6.

All rights reserved by www.grdjournals.com

248