Australia China Business Review :: Issue 05 by GRAFFIK

WWW.ACBR.COM.AU • MARCH 2018 • ISSUE 05

2018年三月 · 第5期

Trade Centre farce Multi-billion-dollar proposal derailed by government Page 6 南柯一梦

数十亿澳元项目或被政府付之一炬第6页

Woods Bagot Two-way approach key to architect’s global growth Page 22 伍兹贝格

两把金钥匙开启全球化建筑事务所的奥秘第22页

Healthcare surge Life-Space latest deal in hot investment sector Page 26 医保热潮

Life-Space公司的被收购掀起新一轮医保行业热潮第26页

Foreign policy Why close ties with China are in Australia’s best interests Page 36 外海政策

为什么与中国的密切往来才符合澳大利亚的利益最大化？第36页

Learning curve

Universities face hurdles in attracting offshore students

百折千回

教育界面临挑战吸引中国留学生一波三折 Dawn Freshwater Vice Chancellor, University of Western Australia Photo: Philip Gostelow 道恩·馥蕾诗沃特西澳大学副校长照片：Philip Gostelow

CONTENTS | 目录

contents 目录

16 Cover story | 封面故事

16 Learning curve Challenges mount in China enrolments drive

百折千回

教育界面临挑战吸引中国留学生一波三折

From the editor’s desk | 主编的话 4

Tensions more than just politics for WA

不止于政治，紧张局势下西澳大利亚州将如何应对

News | 新闻

26 $690m Life-Space deal adds to healthcare surge

6.9亿澳元收购Life-Space公司为医疗保健行业热潮推波助澜

30 China launch for top investment platform

AUSTRALIA CHINA BUSINESS REVIEW | 澳中商讯

顶级投资平台的“中式”思路

Property | 地产 6

Perth risks losing $1.85bn World Trade Centre

珀斯挥手或将世贸中心18.5亿澳元投资拒之门外

22 Hong Kong the frontier for architect’s expansion

香港，建筑行业最前沿

42 Australian property hot for Chinese buyers

中国购房者推动澳大利亚房地产热

10 Geraldton’s China tourism poised to soar on direct flights

直航即将着陆杰拉尔顿市有望迎来中国游客高峰

Technology | 科技

湛江简介

Opinion | 观点

34 All players must work together for green shipping

航运从业者需齐心协力实现绿色航运

为何中澳友好关系是澳大利亚的国利民福

38 Opportunities for Australian SMEs along Belt and Road

西澳更多创业公司获现金资助

WWW.ACBR.COM.AU

14 Introducing Zhanjiang

澳大利亚中小企业的藏宝图—”一带一路”

40 Cobalt charges into view

32 More WA startups get grants cash

Picture Story | 图画故事

36 Why stronger ties with China are in our best interests

Tourism | 旅游

| CONTENTS

储能行业风起云涌钴元素崭露头角

2018年三月 | MARCH 2018

Publisher DDK IN THE ZONE PTY LTD trading as Australia China Business Review Editor in chief Dan Wilkie

主编: 丹•威尔基

E: dan.wilkie@acbr.com.au

from the

Managing director Ken Meng

董事总经理: 孟敬亭

E: ken.meng@acbr.com.au Graphic design GRAFFIK www.graffik.com.au Printing Daniels Printing Craftsmen www.danielspc.com.au AUSTRALIA CHINA BUSINESS REVIEW 澳中商讯

PH: (08) 6216 9899 www.acbr.com.au Postal Address Unit 2c, 330 Churchill Avenue Subiaco, Western Australia 6008

Disclaimer While all care has been taken to ensure the information included in this publication is accurate and has come from sources deemed to be reliable, Australia China Business Review takes no responsibility, unless expressly indicated, for any inaccuracies. Inclusion of opinions, statements and comments does not constitute endorsement by Australia China Business Review. Content within this publication is protected by Australian copyright law and may not be reproduced without express written permission by Australia China Business Review. 免责声明: Australia China Business Review已经采取所有措施来确保本刊物所包含的信息是准确的，而且是来自确认可靠的消息来源，除非明确指出，对于任何不准确的信息Australia China Business Review 不负任何责任。刊物中意见、声明和评论不代表 Australia China Business Review 立场。本刊物的内容受澳大利亚版权法保护，未经 Australia China Business Review 的书面许可，不得转载 4

AUSTRALIA CHINA BUSINESS REVIEW | 澳中商讯

DAN WILKIE | 丹·威尔基

不止于政治，

Tensions mor FOR a state that’s so economically reliant on close trading ties with China, simmering geopolitical tension between Australia and China must be of increasing concern. That concern has likely been amplified with the recent move of China’s Communist Party to remove term limits on the country’s presidency, allowing President Xi Jinping to remain indefinitely. Mr Xi, who by Chinese convention would have finished up as president in 2023, has proven he is staunchly committed to what he sees as best for China and the country’s ambitions of restoring itself to what it sees as its rightful place as a global power. It has been well documented that China is Western Australia’s largest export market, accounting for about half of all the products shipped outside of the state, worth around $60 billion in 2016-17. China’s rise to become one of the world’s strongest economies has provided substantial benefit – the state’s largest export industry (iron ore) would look vastly different without a market to the Middle Kingdom. Recent tensions over Australia’s allegiance with the United States, as well as controversy over Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull’s

主编的话

| FROM THE EDITOR’S DESK

editor’s desk 主编的话

紧张局势下西澳大利亚州将如何应对

e than just politics for WA offensive against foreign interference, are another indication of President Xi flexing China’s political muscle. Following repeated warnings over the safety of Chinese students, the geopolitical debate has spilled over into the education sector, with Australian universities becoming unfortunate victims. While it does not rate as highly as mining or agricultural on the WA exports scale, the education sector is nonetheless an integral part of the state’s economy. It is not only universities that benefit from international students, it is the property sector, hospitality operators, supermarkets and stores that also reap the rewards of an influx of new residents. With the Chinese government issuing warnings about the safety of Chinese students in Australia, that long chain of economic activity is in danger of being broken. And that’s bad timing for WA, with the state government recently launching an allout charm offensive in China to attract more students, and developers clamouring to create opportunities for student accommodation across the CBD. It remains to be seen what the impact will be from the warnings – that likely won’t be revealed until enrolments are tallied for the second half of the year. But for a state that’s already chasing its tail in terms of diversifying its economy, any potential rift with its largest trading partner has to be a very large headache for Premier Mark McGowan, particularly his ambitions of moving the state government’s balance sheet back into the black.

WWW.ACBR.COM.AU

对于一个在经济上密切依赖与中国的贸易关系的国家来说，中澳之间逐渐升温的地缘政治紧张局势必须引起足够重视。随着近期中国共产党修改宪法，解除国家主席任期限制，允许习近平主席继续连任，这种情况下，紧张局势的发展将会带来更加举足轻重的影响。

根据中国国家领导人任职惯例，习近平主席将于2023年从国家主席位置退休。但是，他已经明确表示，将会从最有利于中国当前形势的角度出发，继续带领中国人民共同奋斗，最终实现中华民族的伟大复兴。相关报告显示，中国是西澳大利亚州最大的出口市场，约占西澳州出口产品总量的一半，2016至2017年，西澳州对中国出口产品总值达到600亿澳元。经济的飞速发展让中国成为世界上最强大的经济体之一，也给西澳大利亚州带来了切实益处—假如没有中国市场，该州最大的出口产业（铁矿石出口）将会是完全不同的另一番景象。而近期澳大利亚政府宣誓效忠美国，以及总理马尔科姆·特恩布尔针对他国干涉的过激言论所引发的争议，都让局势进一步恶化。从另一个角度来说，这也可以看作是习近平主席体现中国政治力量的另一个举措。针对中国留学生安全问题，中国政府已向澳

大利亚提出数次警告，而有关地缘政治的争论已经蔓延到教育产业，澳大利亚的各所大学不幸成为受害者。虽然西澳大利亚州的教育产值没有采矿业或农业那么高，但毫无疑问，教育产业仍是该州经济的一个重要组成部分。

不仅留学生就读的大学能够因此受益，当地的房地产、酒店、超市和商店等众多产业，也能从中分一杯羹。随着中国政府对中国留学生发布在澳大利亚的安全警告，这条长长的经济链条正面临断裂的危险。对于西澳大利亚州来说，这是一个再糟糕不过的时机。因为就在不久之前，州政府刚刚在中国不遗余力地发起了一场招生造势运动，以期吸引更多的中国留学生，开发商也纷纷承诺，要在中央商务区的繁华地段为中国留学生提供住宿条件。这些警告究竟会带来什么样的影响还有待进一步观察 —因为只有到下半年入学季开始，人数统计报告才会出炉。

在西澳大利亚州正为发展多元化经济忙得团团转的时候，与最大的贸易伙伴之间可能出现的任何裂痕，都会让马克·麦克格文州长头疼不已，而更要紧的是，他雄心勃勃想要扭转财政赤字的计划可能因此搁浅。

Any potential rift with its largest trading partner has to be a very large headache for Premier Mark McGowan 与最大的贸易伙伴之间可能出现的任何裂痕，都会让马克·麦高文州长头疼不已

2018年三月 | MARCH 2018

PROPERTY | 地产

珀斯挥手或将世贸中心18.5 亿澳元投资拒之门外

Perth risks losing $1.85bn World Trade Centre

作者 : Dan Wilkie PERTH is in danger of missing out on a $1.85 billion property development and international trade platform as its billionaire backer sweats on a green light from the McGowan government. The developer behind the World Trade Centre Perth proposal is investing its capital in other offshore locations as it’s kept waiting on a decision over a two-year-old bid to buy a plot of state-owned land in the city’s central business district. World Trade Centre Holdings Cyprus, an international development platform controlled by Jordanian businessman Ghazi Abu Nahl, lodged an unsolicited bid to purchase a 1.9-hectare plot of land near Perth train station in February 2016. Buying the state-owned land and combining it with the old Megamart site at 30 Beaufort Street, which Mr Nahl acquired for $50 million, would allow for the development of a 3-hectare World Trade Centre complex. 6

AUSTRALIA CHINA BUSINESS REVIEW | 澳中商讯

Designed in Perth by global architecture firm Woods Bagot, the proposal comprised a 75-storey tower alongside a 35-storey building, containing offices, residential and short-stay apartments, a hotel and convention facilities, all designed to stimulate substantial cross-border trade and investment, supported by a network of 330 centres in 91 countries. In January last year, the Barnett government announced the proposal had progressed to the second stage of the state government’s unsolicited bids process, which allows a proponent to provide specific details to facilitate the Department for Lands’ decision on whether to approve the transaction. But progress has halted since a change of government in March last year, with Planning Minister Rita Saffioti telling Australia China Business Review cabinet had decided not to proceed to the second stage of the process. “The decision was made on the basis that the state government is not in a position to fully consider a development at the site due to

planning for our key transport policy, METRONET,” Ms Saffioti said. Australia China Business Review understands the section of METRONET that affects the proposal is the long-awaited Morley-Ellenbrook train line but the land may also be used for other rail extensions. Tenders for concept planning of the line closed in December but no firm date for the naming of a preferred proponent was announced. A spokesperson for Ms Saffioti confirmed the Morley-Ellenbrook line remained on track for a construction start next year. However, World Trade Centre Perth business development manager Neil Kidd told Australia China Business Review communication with the McGowan government had been one-sided, and a January deadline for an update on the bid had come and gone. Mr Kidd said World Trade Centre Holdings Cyprus controlled 20 licences to create similar developments throughout Africa, the Middle East and China, with a lack of progress in

地产

| PROPERTY

CENTRAL STATION The developer behind the World Trade Centre Perth plan has proposed to integrate public transport infrastructure into the project, but the state government has still put the project on hold. Image: Woods Bagot. 总站世贸中心珀斯公司幕后开发商计划增加一体式公共交通设施等基建设施在其项目中，但州政府任然对该项目持保留建议。图：伍兹贝格

It’s what it brings to the table, and the fact that it brings a linkage to WA business to all of the businesses in 330 locations in 91 countries – Neil Kidd

重要的是我们能为珀斯带来什么。我们能为珀斯带来的，是机会，是与其他91个国家的330家世界贸易中心的企业联系起来的百年良机。——尼尔·基德（Neil Kidd）亿万富翁欲在珀斯建立房产开发及国际贸易平台，但却苦于难以获得麦高文政府的批准。因此，珀斯或将与该价值18.5亿澳元的项目失之交臂。早在两年前， “珀斯世界贸易中心”提案的开发商就已竞标购买珀斯中心商业区的一片国有土地，然而此次竞标至今仍然悬而未决。因此该开发商转而将目光投向其他海外地区，进行资本投资。

塞浦路斯世界贸易中心控股有限公司（World Trade Centre Holdings Cyprus）是由约旦商人加齐·阿布纳尔（Ghazi Abu Nahl）控股的国际开发平台。2016年2月，该公司主动竞标购买珀斯火车站附近的1.9公顷土地。此前，阿布纳尔先生曾以5千万澳元的价格购买位于Beaufort街30号的 Megamart旧址。通过与此次竞标购买的国有土地相结合，即可开发建设一个占地高达3公顷的世界贸易中心综合建筑。

该贸易中心由享誉全球的建筑师事务所伍 WWW.ACBR.COM.AU

兹贝格（Woods Bagot）操刀设计，包括一座75层高塔和一幢35层大楼。大楼集办公室、住宅及短期公寓、酒店、和会议设施于一体，旨在通过91个国家的330个贸易中心网络刺激跨境贸易和投资的实质发展。

去年1月份，巴奈特政府宣布该提案已进展至州政府应对主动竞标处理程序的第二阶段，并允许提案人向土地主管部门（Department for Land）提交具体细节，以协助该部门做出是否批准交易的决策。

然而，由于去年三月西澳政府更新换代，竞标处理遭遇暂停。策划部部长丽塔·萨菲蒂（Rita Saffioti）向澳中商讯（Australia China Business Review）表示，内阁已决定不再将该提案进展至第二阶段。

“竞标区域本是州政府关键交通政策 Metronet的规划用地，因此州政府尚不能考虑此地的开发计划。”萨菲蒂女士解释道。据澳中商讯了解，在Metronet的规划线

路中，与竞标提案有所冲突的正是人们期待已久的Morley-Ellenbrook这一火车路线。

去年12月，该线路的概念规划投标就已结束，但当局并未给出公布竞标结果的具体日期。

萨菲蒂女士的发言人证实一切正如预期轨道发展，Morley-Ellenbrook线路的建设工作将于明年启动。

然而，珀斯世界贸易中心的业务发展经理尼尔·基德（Neil Kidd）向澳中商讯透露，一直以来，公司与麦高文政府的交流仅是单方面的努力，甚至本应在1月份更新的竞标信息亦毫无音讯。基德先生表示，塞浦路斯世界贸易中心控股有限公司在非洲、中东、以及中国获得了多达20个发展类似项目的许可证，而珀斯的项目却毫无进展，因此，公司或将转向其他地区进行资本投资。谈至公司其他项目，基德先生欣慰地表示，自去年9月以来世界贸易中心控股公 2018年三月 | MARCH 2018

PROPERTY | 地产

Perth likely to lead the company to deploy its capital elsewhere. Since September last year, Mr Kidd said World Trade Centre Holdings had made significant progress on a similar project in Fuzhou, Fujian Province, with the first sod turned within five months of submitting the proposal to planning authorities. “Why focus on Perth if Perth doesn’t want it – that’s the reality of the situation,” Mr Kidd said. “These things don’t require capital from government, but they require a government to want these things to work and to assist in making them work.”

OPEN Pedestrian amenity and accessible public facilities have guided the World Trade Centre Perth’s interface at street level. Image: Woods Bagot. 全面开放珀斯世贸中心的人行通道和公用便利设施直接通向公路。设施图：伍兹贝格 8

AUSTRALIA CHINA BUSINESS REVIEW | 澳中商讯

Mr Kidd said World Trade Centre Holdings was aware the site was constrained by METRONET, but the developer was quite comfortable with the reality that it would have to tailor its design to suit. However, Mr Kidd said what was not well understood was that the development was much more than just another high-rise commercial proposal, and many had been distracted by the project’s immense scale, with a 75-storey tower that would become the tallest building in Perth. Economic modelling submitted to the state government as part of the bid process showed World Trade Centre Perth would contribute around $3 billion to the WA economy during construction, create around 3,000 jobs and result in more than $100 million of recurrent income each year, Mr Kidd said. “Nobody has engaged in the process with us to understand what it is,” he said. “The last government finally understood that it’s not a property play, but the reality is, everyone wants to talk about the shoebox, but nobody wants to talk about the shoe.

“Anybody can design a building, anyone can build a building, these things can operate within pre-existing buildings, but it’s what it brings to the table, and the fact that it brings a linkage to WA business to all of the businesses in 330 locations in 91 countries.” Mr Kidd said the establishment of a World Trade Centre in Perth would also result in substantially closer links with Chinese business, with 46 licences held in China, the most of any country in the world. By comparison, there are 40 licences to operate World Trade Centre platforms in the United States, the next leading country. “The Chinese get it, China has embraced it as its business-to-business platform, but we don’t seem to want to get it,” Mr Kidd said. “Firstly, the government has to show that it actually wants to start something. “So far, that hasn’t happened – that’s the reality of where we sit today. “But I’m still hopeful that at some point, somebody in government is going to say ‘hey this is capable of delivering incredibly good things to Western Australia’.”

地产

司在中国福建省福州市的同类项目已取得了显赫进展。公司向有关计划部门提交提案的五个月内，建设项目就已成功开工动土。

“若珀斯对该项目并不感兴趣，我们又何必执着于此呢？——这正是目前我们面临的实际状况。”基德先生不无遗憾地说道。 “这些发展项目并不要求政府投入资金，但却需要政府充分理解，希望项目能成功开展，并进一步为项目的发展提供协助。” 基德先生亦指出，世界贸易中心控股公司已经意识到公司项目与Metronet规划有所冲突，但开发商曾表示，项目设计可根据交通规划做出适当的改变。

基德先生惋惜地表示，项目的真正意义并未获得理解。此次开发并不只是一项建设高楼大厦的商业提案。而有望成为珀斯最高建筑的75层高塔亦使得许多人仅仅关注于项目的宏大规模而忽视其背后的意义。在竞标过程中，公司向州政府递交经济模型，表示珀斯世界贸易中心的建设过程将为西澳经济贡献约30亿澳元，并创造约 WWW.ACBR.COM.AU

3000个工作岗位，这将进一步为西澳带来每年超过1亿澳元的收入。

“遗憾的是，没有人参与到过程中来，更没有人试图理解项目的真正意义。”

“历经波折后，上一届政府终于明白我们的开发项目并不是一场房产游戏。但事实上，所有人关注的都是‘鞋盒’，却对‘鞋子’本身毫无兴趣。”

“任何人都能设计一栋建筑，任何人都能筑造一栋建筑，这些项目甚至也能在现有的建筑中进行。但重要的不是广厦万间，而是我们能为珀斯带来什么。我们能为珀斯带来的，是机会，是与其他91个国家的 330家世界贸易中心的企业联系起来的百年良机。”

基德先生还指出，公司在中国共获得了46 个项目许可，位列全球首位。因此，珀斯世界贸易中心的建立还有望为西澳和中国企业建立更加紧密的联系。同时，公司在美国亦获得了40个世界贸易中心平台的运行许可，位列全球第二。

| PROPERTY

“中国洞彻事理，并十分欢迎这一企业对企业的平台。而珀斯却似乎并不想有所涉足。” “首先，政府得有意愿进行发展。”

“然而到目前为止，我们尚未看到这一点。”

“但我仍然保有希望，希望某一天政府中的某个人能说： ‘ 这个项目能为西澳带来不可思议的裨益’。”

UNIQUE The proposal’s towers are designed to create an internationally recognisable landmark in Perth. Image: Woods Bagot. 独一无二其计划在珀斯打造一所世界级的地标性建筑。图：伍兹贝格 2018年三月 | MARCH 2018

TOURISM | 旅游

They are out of the box thinkers, the Chinese airlines, and they’re keen to see that air market opened up – Shane Van Styn

中国的航空公司敢于跳出固定的思维模式，他们希望看到一个对航空公司和游客都更为开放的航空市场。 ——谢恩·范斯泰恩（Shane Van Styn）

作者 : Dan Wilkie GERALDTON’S tourism sector is cashing in on a local government-led initiative to leverage sister city relationships in China, with direct flights to Zhanjiang being explored as the Mid West town increasingly becomes a favoured destination for Chinese tourists. The City of Greater Geraldton has long had strong export links with China, highlighted by the region’s lucrative lobster fishing industry and large-scale iron ore mining operations – with latest estimates indicating around $6 billion has been invested in the region by Chinese enterprises. But in recent years Geraldton has become popular with the emerging adventurous class of Chinese tourists, known in the industry as free independent travellers, attracted by the changing colours of nearby Port Gregory’s Pink Lake, as well as the largely untouched natural beauty of the Abrolhos Islands. Mayor Shane Van Styn said just six years 10

AUSTRALIA CHINA BUSINESS REVIEW | 澳中商讯

ago, Geraldton was a complete unknown for Chinese travellers. However, after a concerted effort by the local government authority to achieve closer links with sister cities Zhanjiang and Zhoushan, Geraldton’s Chinese tourism sector is taking off. Mr Van Styn said he had been to China six times in the past five years, with those diplomatic visits helping put Geraldton on the map. “Here in Geraldton, all of our lobster – a very large part of our economy – is exported to China, as is a very large proportion of our mineral wealth,” he told Australia China Business Review. “And we have significant Chinese investment in Geraldton in both agriculture and mining, so it seemed sensible to go and build on those relationships and see how we can grow them. “We focused on where we have direct trading relationships and existing connections first and foremost, and that made it quite easy to explain to them who we were.”

Mr Van Styn said the China push had been complemented by tourism and hospitality operators in Geraldton collectively embracing China Ready Accreditation, a global system that identifies products and services tailored for Chinese consumers. “China Ready accreditation certainly makes it easier to attract people down our way, if they know they can get access to their own language and people that are respectful of their different customs and culture,” he said. “We’ve had restaurants get China Ready Accreditation and put in Chinese menus, we’ve also put in Chinese signage at our airport. “It’s been a very good initiative, we’ve seen particularly air charter businesses thrive from that accreditation – we now have about 3,500 air charters booked per year, which could be two or three people on a plane at a time, to tour around Geraldton, the Abrolhos Islands and Pink Lake.” The next step for Geraldton, Mr Van Styn said, would be to upgrade the airport to facilitate international flights.

直航即将着陆杰拉尔顿市有望迎来中国游客高峰

旅游

| TOURISM

Geraldton’s China tourism poised to soar on direct flights

UNSPOILT Fishing and offshore adventures in the Abrolhos Islands are a strong attractor for Chinese tourists. Photo: Tourism WA 原汁原味阿布洛霍斯群岛的海钓和一系列海滨活动强烈吸引着来自中国的游客。照片来源：西澳旅游局

杰拉尔顿（Geraldton）政府与中国发展姐妹城市友好关系，当地旅游业借此东风蓬勃发展。随着中西部城镇日渐获得中国游客的青睐，杰拉尔顿到中国湛江的直飞航班已列入开发日程。

杰拉尔顿市与中国紧密的出口关系由来已久。当地繁荣的龙虾捕捞业和大规模的铁矿石采矿作业正是推动双方关系发展的支柱产业。最新数据表明，中国企业在杰拉尔顿地区的投资约为60亿澳元。

近年来，中国开始出现偏爱冒险旅程的游客，业内人士称之为自由行旅客。对他们而言，位于格雷戈里港口（Port Gregory）附近的粉红湖（Pink Lake）变幻不定，别有风情；而阿布洛霍斯群岛（Abrolhos Islands）保存完好的原生态美景更是让人神摇意夺，怦然心动。短短六年前，杰拉尔顿市市长谢恩·范斯泰恩（Shane Van Styn）曾说过，对于中国游客而言，杰拉尔顿还只是一个无名之地。然而，在当地政府的不懈努力下，杰拉尔 WWW.ACBR.COM.AU

顿与中国湛江和中国舟山结为姐妹城市，由此开启了旅游行业的崭新篇章，开始向中国游客展示绝佳风貌。过去五年间，范斯泰恩先生曾六次前往中国进行外交访问，正是这种坚持不懈，才使得杰拉尔顿最终脱颖而出，成为新兴的旅游目的地。

“龙虾产业堪称杰拉尔顿的经济命脉，这里出产的所有龙虾，还有绝大部分的矿产都出口到中国。”范斯泰恩先生告诉澳中商讯（ACBR）。

“与此同时，杰拉尔顿的农业和矿业领域都获得了中国的重大投资。因此维持现有关系，并进行持续发展无疑是明智之举。” “我们首先将重点放在已经有直接贸易经验和现存关系网络的领域，这也便于我们向合作方进行自我推介。”

范斯泰恩先生指出，中国的加入效果显著，而杰拉尔顿当地的旅游业和酒店业经营商也随之开始接纳并支持China Ready认证体系。这一国际标准服务质量

认证体系致力于为中国顾客推荐值得信赖的产品和服务。

“通过China Ready认证体系，游客了解到，即便身处杰拉尔顿，他们仍能看到熟悉的语言，不同的习俗和文化也能得到充分的理解和尊重。因此，在China Ready 的鼎力相助之下，吸引游客的过程变得更加简单。”

“一些餐厅在China Ready的帮助下编辑了中文菜单，甚至我们的机场也有中文指示牌。”

“这一计划堪称完美，除却上述领域之外，飞机租赁行业亦借此东风方兴未艾。如今，我们每年都有大约3500个飞机租赁的预约订单。两三名游客共同乘坐一架飞机环游杰拉尔顿，阿布洛霍斯群岛，以及粉红湖。” 据范斯泰恩先生所言，杰拉尔顿的下一步计划是对其机场进行整改升级，以推动国际航班的进一步发展。

这一计划预计耗资2400万澳元，其中州政 2018年三月 | MARCH 2018

TOURISM | 旅游

The City of Geraldton is seeking $10 million in federal funds for the $24 million upgrade, with the state government to contribute $6.5 million, and $7.5 million to be paid by the local council. Mr Van Styn said initial discussions were under way with China Southern Airlines and China Eastern Airlines, with the possibility of trial flights once the airport could handle larger aircraft piquing interest. “They are keen to get direct flights and bypass the capital cities,” Mr Van Styn said. “They are out of the box thinkers, the Chinese airlines, and they’re keen to see that air market opened up, both for freight and for tourists. CUSTOM Geraldton tour operators have developed a range of bespoke offerings for Chinese travellers. Photo: Tourism WA 经营杰拉尔顿之旅的实际操作者特地为中国游客准备了海量纪念品。照片来源：西澳旅游局 12

AUSTRALIA CHINA BUSINESS REVIEW | 澳中商讯

“It would be a massive game changer and something that we are very close to being able to achieve already, and now we have Chinese interest ready and willing to have a crack at it.” In Zhanjiang, the Guangdong Provincial People’s Congress announced last month that construction of a ¥1.6 billion ($320 million) new international airport was its top priority in a comprehensive development pipeline for 2018. Once completed in 2020, Zhanjiang International Airport will have 30 gates and 58,000 square metres of terminals, with the additional capacity a key opportunity for locations such as Geraldton to establish new routes. The Guangdong Provincial Government is also focusing on how it can improve imports of mineral commodities and food products at Zhanjiang Port. Mr Van Styn said the key to furthering economic growth opportunities from Geraldton’s sister city status with Zhanjiang, or

any other Chinese city, would be to continue to focus on what Australia could give back to China. “When deciding on sister cities, it isn’t just about trying to make a dollar,” he said. “Businesses are good at working out where to earn a dollar, but you have to build a relationship, you have to build the friendships, the trust and the rapport, and you’ve got to have an exchange of ideas and culture as well before you get down to business. “I see the Chinese as putting that first and foremost, you become friends before you do business. “We see that as important. We have identified in our sister city and strategic city relationships people that are similar to us, whether that’s in city relations and the like or whether it is being port cities. “But finding out what it is that China wants and demonstrating interest in what we could give back is also important. “Developing a two-way street is just as important as the cheque books.”

旅游

| TOURISM

TAKING OFF Air charters are becoming an increasingly popular way to see the vast Geraldton tourism offering. Photo: Tourism WA 风靡一时租赁小型飞机俯瞰整个杰拉尔顿，这种旅行方式正在越来越受欢迎。照片来源：西澳旅游局

府将拨款650万，当地地方议会出资750 万，而剩余的1000万资金需求，杰拉尔顿将向联邦基金寻求资助。

范斯泰恩先生透露，目前杰拉尔顿正在与中国南方航空公司和中国东方航空公司进行初步讨论，若升级计划顺利完成，机场足以容纳更大的飞机，试飞航班或将得以实施。

“他们渴望发展直飞航班，避开首府城市。”范斯泰恩先生说道。

“中国的航空公司敢于跳出固定的思维模式，他们希望看到一个对航空公司和游客都更为开放的航空市场。” “这将极大地改变当前的市场形势，而我们也早已具备这样的能力。如今随着中国的加入，我们将放手一试。”

上个月，广东省人大宣布，湛江国际机场的建设工作是2018年全面发展计划的重中之重。这一新的机场预计将耗资16亿人民币（3.2亿澳元）。 WWW.ACBR.COM.AU

湛江国际机场预计将于2020年完工，届时新的机场候机楼将占地5.8万平方米，共有30个登机口。机场的额外容量恰好为杰拉尔顿这样的城市提供了发展新航线的最佳机会。

广东省政府同样也对矿业产品和食品进口颇为关注，希望提高湛江港口的进口量。范斯泰恩先生指出，要保持杰拉尔顿与湛江，或其他任何城市的姐妹关系良好发展，并由此进一步增加经济增长的机会，其诀窍就在于持续关注如何回馈中国。

“这一点无疑是十分重要的。从姐妹城市关系和战略城市关系中，我们发现无论是友好城市还是港口城市，都有与我们类似的人。 ” “但在这个过程中，同样重要的是发现中国的需求，并展示我们所能给予的回馈。” “经济利益至关重要，礼尚往来更是根本。”

“姐妹城市计划绝不是为了赚取经济利益。”

“公司和企业都十分擅长于攫取商机，而政府要做的则是建立关系。在发展商业关系之前，必须先建立友谊和信任，发展出融洽和睦的关系，并互相交换想法和意见，了解双方的文化。” “以我对中国的了解来看，中国人最看重的就是关系。先交朋友，再谈生意。”

GROWTH Geraldton’s local economy has been significantly boosted by Chinese investment. Photo: Tourism WA 日新月异杰拉尔顿市当地经济因中方投资而突飞猛进、与日俱增。照片来源：西澳旅游局 2018年三月 | MARCH 2018

PICTURE STORY | 图画故事 1

All photos: Zhanjiang City Photographers Association

AUSTRALIA CHINA BUSINESS REVIEW | 澳中商讯

湛江市摄影家协会

图画故事

Introducing Zhanjiang 湛江简介

Geraldton’s Sister City since 2013

2013年杰拉尔顿市与湛江市结为姐妹城市

People’s Republic of China’s first deepwater port 中国人民共和国首个深水港

1 HOLIDAY Zhanjiang’s long coastline and golden beaches make it a favourite for tourists. 度假胜地湛江的黄金海岸线美不胜收，天海一色让人流连忘返。 2 CLEAN Zhanjiang is a pilot city for Chinese ecological demonstration zones. 环保工程湛江是国家级生态示范区试点城市。

Population: 7.24 million 人口：724万次

GDP: ¥238 billion ($47 billion)

GDP：2380亿人民币（470亿澳元 Source: Guangdong Statistical Yearbook 2016

3 GROWTH Downtown Zhanjiang is expected to have 1.25 million permanent residents by 2020. 如火如荼湛江市区预计人口在2020年将达到125 万人。 4 ECONOMY A port city on the southern tip of China’s mainland, Zhanjiang’s key industries are offshore oil and gas development, agricultural processing and manufacturing. 经济产业湛江是中国大陆南端的港口城市，其支柱产业为：临港石化、近海油气开发、电力、造纸、农海产品加工和电器机械等。 5 SEAFOOD One of China’s most important fisheries is located off the coast of Zhanjiang. 海洋水产全中国最重要的渔业生产基地坐落在湛江海岸线上。

WWW.ACBR.COM.AU

| PICTURE STORY

6 TECHNOLOGY A “science city” with around 700,000 residents is being established in Zhanjiang. 科技发展湛江将建立容纳70万人口的“科技城”。

Annual retail sales: ¥130.9 billion ($25.89 billion)

年零售业销售额：1309亿900万人民币（258.9亿澳元）

Annual export value: $US2.8 billion ($3.51 billion)

年出口总值：28亿美元（35.1亿澳元）

Annual imports value: $US2.3 billion ($2.89 billion)

年进口总值：23亿美元（28.9亿澳元）

数据来源：广东统计年鉴2016

间艺术和文化资源的宝库。

10 COMPETITIVE The ¥3.8 billion ($770 million) Zhanjiang Olympic Sports Centre made a shortlist of Global Best Stadiums in 2015. 巧夺天工造价38亿人民币（7.7亿澳元）的湛江奥林匹克体育中心入选 StadiumsDB2015全球最佳球场。

7 GREEN Zhanjiang ranks in the top three cities in China for environmental protection. 青山绿水湛江的城市环境综合质量连常年 11 ACTIVITY Sailing is a popular recreational 排名全国环境保护重点城市前三位。 pastime for Zhanjiang residents. 8 AGRICULTURE Zhanjiang is home to 云共千帆帆船运动是湛江人民最喜欢的休 China’s tropical crop production base. 闲娱乐活动之一。岁稔年丰湛江是中国重要的热带作物生产基地。

12 CULTURE Zhanjiang has a large number of folk festivals and celebrations. 9 COLOURFUL Leizhou Peninsula is 百家争鸣湛江的民俗文化活动与庆典数 Zhanjiang’s home of arts and culture. 百花齐放湛江的雷州半岛是一座丰富的民不胜数。

2018年三月 | MARCH 2018

COVER STORY | 封面故事

教育界面临挑战吸引中国留学生一波三折

Challenges mount in China enrolments drive 作者 : Dan Wilkie

AUSTRALIA CHINA BUSINESS REVIEW | 澳中商讯

封面故事 IN early February, the Chinese government lobbed a shot across the bow of Australia’s higher education sector, warning students they may not necessarily be safe in the lucky country. The announcement was the second such strike against Australian universities since December, with education exports, worth around $31 billion a year to the national economy, getting caught up in increasing geopolitical tension between the two countries. Political analysts suggest Beijing is railing against Australian education to show its displeasure with the nation’s foreign policy, particularly Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull’s strident rhetoric over supposed foreign interference and criticism of China’s expansion in the South China Sea. In that context, repeated warnings from the Chinese government have the potential to slow the significant momentum that’s built in Australian education exports in recent years. China is the top source for international students in Australia, with the near 180,000-Chinese nationals enrolled in Australian courses accounting for 29.6 per cent of all foreigners studying in the country, according to statistics from the Department of Education and Training. In 2016, data from Sogou Analytics showed Australian universities had overtaken their counterparts in the United Kingdom in total online search volume, becoming the second highest searched destination behind the US. As well as being the most numerous, Chinese students are also the biggest spenders, accounting for around $9 billion of the total spending of international scholars. For Western Australian universities, the agitations of the Chinese government loom as another challenge for a sector that’s lagging other states in attracting Chinese students. Of the near 180,000 Chinese enrolments across the country, just 7,941 decided to study in WA. The state government is keen to address that situation, launching a comprehensive campaign last year to boost the numbers of Chinese students at WA universities. Part of that campaign was Premier Mark McGowan’s first international delegation – an education and tourism-focused trip to China in November that coincided with new digital marketing campaigns across Chinese social media channels, including the ubiquitous WeChat.

| COVER STORY

INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION IN AUSTRALIA

澳大利亚国际教育领域具体数据呈现

$31 billion annual export income

310亿澳元年出口额

180,000

number of Chinese enrolments in Australian institutions in 2017

18万名

2017年在澳大利亚院校注册学习的中国学生数量

今年2月初，中国政府发布留学预警，提醒赴澳中国留学生注意安全风险。这对澳大利亚的高等教育领域而言，无疑是一个重磅炸弹。

澳大利亚的教育出口每年为国家经济带来约310亿澳元的收入，而如今随着中澳两国之间的地缘政治局势日益紧张，教育出口陷入困境。自去年12月以来，中国已经两度针对澳大利亚高校发出留学预警。政治分析家们认为，北京方面通过教育领域表达了对澳大利亚外交政策的不满。而澳大利亚总理马尔科姆·特恩布尔（ Malcolm Turnbull）针对外国干涉和中国在南海的扩张措施所持的尖锐言论更是招致了中国方面的谴责。面临中国政府的双重预警，澳大利亚近年内蓬勃发展的教育出口行业，将可能遭受发展减速的困境。

根据教育培训部门（the Department of Education and Training）的数据显示，中国是澳大利亚国际学生的主要来源，近 18万名中国学生在澳大利亚注册学习，占全澳国际学生的29.6%。

7,941

Chinese enrolments at WA institutions in 2017

7,941名

2017年在西澳院校进行学习的中国学生数量

$9 billion

amount spent by Chinese students in Australia in 2017

90亿澳元

2017年中国学生在澳开销

2016年，搜狗分析（Sogou Analytics）的数据表明，澳大利亚高校的网上搜索量已超过英国高校，仅落后于美国，位列全球第二。中国留学生不仅人数众多，在澳花费更是高居榜首。所有国际学生在澳消费金额中约有90亿澳元来自中国学生。

西澳州的各高校本就在吸引中国留学生方面落于人后，而中国政府的强硬态度更是雪上加霜，带来了前所未有的挑战。在全澳的18万名中国留学生中，仅有7941 名选择在西澳高校进行学习。对此西澳州政府积极应对，并于去年实施全面措施，吸引中国留学生前往西澳高校就读。

西澳州长马克·麦高文（Mark McGowan）做出表率，于11月带领教育和旅游行业的代表团出访中国。麦高文政府的首次国际出访恰逢中国社交媒体的全新数字营销活动，此次营销活动涵盖广泛，无处不在的微信平台亦参与其中。但另一方面，州政府对偏远地区担保计

CONSISTENT Dawn Freshwater says it’s important that WA universities don’t get caught up in geopolitical debates. Photo: Philip Gostelow 始终如一道恩·馥蕾诗沃特（Dawn Freshwater）指出，西澳高校不应卷入地缘政治风波，这一点至关重要。照片来源：菲利普·葛斯特罗（Philip Gostelow） WWW.ACBR.COM.AU

2018年三月 | MARCH 2018

COVER STORY | 封面故事

On the flipside, the state government’s changes to the Regional Sponsored Migration Scheme, which effectively removed a pathway to permanent residency for international students, do not appear to mesh with those objectives. In December, Mr McGowan told Australia China Business Review the issue of permanent residency had been raised with him, but the government had not yet considered making any changes. “I take the view that if you’re coming here to study, it should be about coming to study – it’s not a tricky way to migration, it’s about study,” Mr McGowan said. “We should be able to stand on our own two feet and promote our universities and the like without having to come up with a way of subverting the immigration system. “But I’m more than happy, particularly in the case of PhDs and the like, to take a look at that issue.” University of Western Australia vice chancellor Dawn Freshwater said all the state’s tertiary institutions had been working with the government to understand the impact of those changes. “Permanent residency is important for the students when they’re thinking about their place of study,” Ms Freshwater told Australia China Business Review. “What we have to do is understand to what extent (the changes) are a threat, particularly to this sector. “That’s why it’s important for us to work with the government to see if there have been any severe unintended consequences of that policy when it was put in place.” With the migration challenge in place, Ms Freshwater said it was crucially important the nascent stages of any recovery in WA’s inter18

AUSTRALIA CHINA BUSINESS REVIEW | 澳中商讯

national education exports were not derailed by geopolitical debates. “It’s always frustrating when messages are construed in particular ways in the media in order to address particular agendas, but I think for us, we are a trusted anchor sector in society,” Ms Freshwater said. “I take the experience of our students, the safety of our students and the staff very seriously, and that is in the context of everything that any university campus faces in a global climate. “These are very challenging times for any university, if you think about what’s happening in North America in school campuses then we have to take very seriously that agenda and make sure that we’re providing the best environment to learn in while we’re mindful of some of those global challenges.” Ms Freshwater said one of the key challenges for the WA tertiary education sector was for all leaders to get on the same page and provide a clear and consistent message to allow prospective students to make an informed decision. And a key part of that message was to highlight the natural attributes of Perth being a safe place to study and an enjoyable place to live. “We see university as the home for an international student, so making sure that when we talk about safety, this is not just about safety and security, this is about the well-being of students as they engage in their study abroad experience,” Ms Freshwater said. “We’re focusing on providing them with a whole range of opportunities to access support, support for their studies and support for them to engage, learn and expand themselves in different ways and to think about the op-

portunities that they have for cultural diversity. “And we’re focusing on the academic freedom aspect of this. As universities we are very clear that we provide an environment for academic freedom and for critical thinking to take place, it’s a key component of what we do, and we are continuing to drive that message home.” Ms Freshwater said UWA had a multi-faceted strategy in place to attract more international students, including a range of research agreements, articulation agreements and memorandums of cooperation with a range of Chinese universities. One of the most recent programs unveiled by UWA is a partnership with Zhejiang University, a five-year program that gives students the opportunity to obtain a bachelor’s degree in biomedical sciences from UWA and a degree in clinical medicine from Zhejiang. “We have quite a strong eco-system, here and in China, in a strategic way so that we’re not scattered across a whole range of universities or scattered across a whole range of disciplines – we focus on those areas that are of strength and excellence for ourselves,” Ms Freshwater said. “But there are some significant challenges for us, one of those is that Perth is not necessarily as well known in Australia or globally in terms of its international programs for its Chinese students. “If you went to China, they would of course think about Sydney and Melbourne as destinations of choice. “What we were doing last year was talking up Perth as a study destination and thinking about its role in tourism also for the families of these students and really working hard to make sure that the universities and the sec-

封面故事

| COVER STORY

HIGH TECH International students are increasingly attracted by WA universities strong research and development capabilities. Photo: University of Western Australia 术有专攻西澳大学展现出了极强的研究与开发能力，海外学子正是被此所深深地吸引。照片：西澳大学

COMPREHENSIVE Deborah Terry says Curtin University is establishing itself as an innovation hub for the Asia Pacific. Photo: Philip Gostelow 得全要领黛博拉·特丽（Deborah Terry）称科廷大学（Curtin University）正在将学校建设成为亚太地区的创新中心。照片来源：菲利普·葛斯特罗（Philip Gostelow）划（Regional Sponsored Migration Scheme）做出改变，使得国际学生失去了获得永居权的一种有效途径。这似乎与吸引中国留学生的目标背道而驰。

去年12月，麦高文先生接受澳中商讯（ACBR）专访，他表示永居权问题曾被提及，但州政府尚未考虑作出改变。

“我认为学习仅仅关乎学习，而不应该成为移民的一种手段。学生关注的应该是学业。”麦高文先生说道。 “我们应该坚定立场，推广西澳高校和高等教育，而不需要颠覆现有的移民体系” “但我非常乐意讨论这一话题，尤其是针对博士研究生。”

沃特女士说道。

“我们非常重视学生的体验和师生的安全，这也正是全球高校均面临的情况。”

“如今的形势对任何高校而言都颇具挑战性。北美校园内发生的事情让我们不得不严肃对待这一议题，并确保我们能为学生提供最好的学习环境，并时刻注意全球范围内普遍存在的挑战。” 馥蕾诗沃特女士指出，西澳高等教育领域面临的关键挑战是如何使领导人达成共识，提供明确一致的信息，从而让潜在学生做出知情决定。重中之重是强调珀斯是安全的留学目的地，更是让人心旷神怡的居住地。

西澳大学（University of Western Australia）副校长道恩·馥蕾诗沃特（Dawn Freshwater）表示，西澳州所有的高等院校一直以来均与政府并肩协作，以便透彻理解政策变化带来的影响。

“在我们看来，大学就是国际学生的家。因此，安全问题并不只是人身安全和保安措施，更是学生体验海外学习之旅时的身心健康。”馥蕾诗沃特女士强调道。

“我们需要做的是，了解何种程度上的改变会形成威胁，尤其是对教育领域而言。”

“与此同时，我们十分注重学术自由。作为高等院校，我们对背负的使命了然于胸，即为学术自由和批判性思考提供肥沃的土壤。这是我们的关键任务，亦是我们将持续渗透的观点。”

“学生在选择留学目的地时，永居权是一个重要的考量因素。”馥蕾诗沃特女士告诉澳中商讯。

“正是因此，与政府合作，观察政策实施是否会带来意料之外的严峻后果更显得必不可少。” 馥蕾诗沃特女士指出，移民问题早已带来重重挑战，而西澳州的国际教育出口领域尚处于初期恢复阶段，因此避免中澳之间的地缘政治问题影响教育行业的恢复过程尤为重要。媒体以某种固有方式解读信息涉及特定议题的行为总是令人大失所望。但我认为我们是值得信任的社会主体领域。”馥蕾诗 WWW.ACBR.COM.AU

““我们专注于为学生提供各方面的支持。不仅支持他们的学业，支持学生通过不同的途径充实并拓展自己，更支持他们考虑体验文化多样性。”

馥蕾诗沃特女士表示，西澳大学采取多元化战略吸引更多国际学生，包括与众多中国高校签订的一系列研究协议、衔接协议、和合作备忘录等。

西澳大学最近开展的项目之一是与浙江大学建立伙伴关系。这一五年制项目为学生提供在两所高校学习的机会，并最终获得西澳大学生物医药科学本科学位和浙江大学临床医学双学位。

“无论是在西澳还是在中国，我们都具有十分强劲的战略生态系统。相较于分散的大范围高校及学科合作，我们选择聚焦于自己擅长的领域。”馥蕾诗沃特女士自信地说道。 “但我们仍面临巨大的挑战。对中国学生而言，无论是在澳大利亚还是在全球范围内，珀斯的国际项目都近乎寂寂无闻。” “中国学生无疑会优先选择悉尼和墨尔本。”

“去年我们致力于让珀斯进入公众视野，将珀斯打造成留学优选目的地，并在旅游业方面增加珀斯对学生家庭成员的吸引力。此外，我们兢兢业业，确保合作高校和教育部门真正理解珀斯作为留学目的地的优势所在。” ““高校的教学质量和项目的相关程度举足轻重，但更为重要的还是安全、保障、以及加入我们合作企业的机会。”

科廷大学（Curtin University）副校长黛博拉·特丽（Deborah Terry）则表示，科廷大学吸引中国留学生的战略主要从两个层面上实施，一方面聚焦于学生个体，另一方面则在更宏观的层面上与中国进行交流互动。特丽女士指出，科廷大学自我定位为全球性高校。分校区广泛分布于马来西亚、新加坡、迪拜、以及毛里求斯。此外，科廷大学还与中国诸多大学和学习机构发展了合作伙伴关系。科廷大学同样也正在进行一项重大发展计划，旨在让国际学生更好地融入校园。据称，到2021年，科廷大学将在校内建设拥有1000余个床位的学生宿舍，并提供短期的酒店住宿。

“实际上在设计新的学生住宿时，我们主 2018年三月 | MARCH 2018

COVER STORY | 封面故事 SPECIALISED Simon Ridings says ECU has focused on areas of authentic strength to attract the brightest Chinese students. 术业有专攻西蒙·赖定思（Simon Ridings）表示，伊迪斯科文大学（ECU）着重发展擅长领域，吸引最优秀的中国学生。照片来源：

tors that we’re working with understand the benefits of coming to Perth as a study destination. “It is about the quality of the university and the relevance of the programs, but it’s much bigger than that, it’s also about safety, security, opportunities for engaging with big corporates and the industry partners we have.” Curtin University vice chancellor Deborah Terry said her university’s China attraction strategy operated on two levels – one focused on individual students, the other on engaging at a more macro level in China. Ms Terry said Curtin considered itself a global university, with campuses in Malaysia, Singapore, Dubai and a major presence in Mauritius, as well as a range of partnerships with universities and other learning institutes in China. Curtin is also embarking on a major development program designed to make the campus more accessible to international students, with more than 1,000 student beds to be built on campus by 2021, alongside short-term hotel accommodation. “When we are working to create those new accommodation opportunities, it’s really around the kinds of accommodation that our students from countries like China are seeking – that’s very important,” Ms Terry said. At the same time, China is seeking to boost its innovation and high-tech industries, with the 19th National Congress committing more than $US300 billion ($383 billion) to those sectors over the next five years. Ms Terry said the Greater Curtin plan was designed to establish the university as an innovation hub and was a key plank of its China strategy. “When I think about how we are engaging with China, it’s more than a market, a regional 20

AUSTRALIA CHINA BUSINESS REVIEW | 澳中商讯

centre and powerhouse for us,” Ms Terry said. “For us, China is critically important in terms of not only students but research links and research partnerships. “The fact that our relationship is at both levels it’s very important. When the premier led the delegation late last year a lot of it was about the research partnerships and the linkages, which are critically important in the broad innovation space. “Our strengths fit extremely well with China, which is where getting that clear picture of what’s important about WA and making sure we get that across is important. Curtin has a very strong focus on building sustainable cities – that is critically important to China into the future. “Clean energy, the broad mega-projects, infrastructure, all critically important. “They are major strengths in Australia – technology-enabled major resources companies, the use of robotics and technology in those environments, Australia is good at that, we’ve been a leader, and those things are highly important in the Chinese context as well.” At Edith Cowan University, deputy vice chancellor international Simon Ridings said one of the biggest challenges was getting the university’s message across in China. Mr Ridings said ECU’s main China strategy was a research-led engagement, which flowed into successful recruitment as a result. He said ECU had focused on partnerships with high-profile research institutions and government agencies in China to boost the university’s student recruitment at the PhD level. “Because China is a big place and there are lots of other western universities there, you need to be really choosy in identifying which

research areas you promote for the university,” Mr Ridings said. “There is no point in going and saying that we’re high-profile in 10 to 15 different things, you need to choose two or three things where you really are authentically outstanding, and then build partnerships in China with other organisations that recognise you to be excellent in those things. “We’ve had a very strong focus on medical science in China, because medical science really is an area where ECU is authentically outstanding. “What that’s enabled us to do is put in place joint programs with several of the largest medical universities in China, and that’s enabled us to be recognised by the China Scholarship Council as having extremely high-profile partners in China. “We actually have PhD students who are known to be some of the best and brightest students in China and you couldn’t possibly get a better advertisement for ECU more broadly than people seeing those students come to us. “People are seeing that we have tie-ups with some of the largest medical universities in the world and that the China Scholarship Council pays for some of their elite students to come and do their PhDs here, it doesn’t just raise your brand, but it associates your brand with science and scholarships and research and some of the most important higher education institutions in the country.” At a state level, Mr Ridings also said the amenity of Perth as a destination was something that ECU, in collaboration with WA’s five other universities, would continue to promote. “If you’re a family and your child is going overseas to study, of course you want the destination to be clean, safe, secure, multicultural, you want transport and accommodation to be easy to find and reliable, “And you want to know that the community that your child is going to is accepting and glad to have them there. “The other thing which sometimes gets forgotten when we talk about Perth and people see recruitment here through the lens of competition with other destinations, being in the same time zone as a very large part of our core country markets is very useful. “We sometimes forget in WA that we really are much closer to a lot of East Asia than the rest of the country is.”

封面故事

| COVER STORY

We are very clear that we provide an environment for academic freedom and for critical thinking to take place – Dawn Freshwater 我们对背负的使命了然于胸，即为学术自由和批判性思考提供肥沃的土壤。 ——道恩·馥蕾诗沃特（Dawn Freshwater）

要考虑的是中国及其他国家学生的需求。这一点是至关重要的。”特丽女士说道。

与此同时，中国也正在寻求机会，推动创新及高科技行业的发展。在第十九届全国代表大会上，中国承诺未来五年内在创新及高科技领域的投资将超过3000亿美元（3830亿澳元）。

据特丽女士称，将学校建设成为一个创新中心正是科廷大学制定中国战略的三寸之辖。

“于我们而言，在考虑如何进行合作交流时，中国更像是一个市场、一个区域中心、一个动力源。”特丽女士解释道。 “中国的重要性不仅仅体现在生源方面，还有研究联系和研究伙伴关系等。”

“在这两个层面同时发展伙伴关系尤为重要。去年年底，西澳州长率领代表团访华，其中谈论得最多的就是研究伙伴关系和研究联系。这也正是创新领域的关键所在。” “我们的优势与中国的需求可谓矩周规值。因此，我们必须明确呈现并清晰传达出西澳的重要性。科廷大学十分注重建设可持续发展的城市，这也正是中国未来发展的重中之重。”

“清洁能源，大型项目，以及基础设施均是未来发展的中流砥柱。”

赖定思先生透露，伊迪斯科文大学的中国策略主要强调研究性参与。这一策略卓有成效，吸引了大量中国学生。

他颇为满意地表示，伊迪斯科文大学重点与中国高知名度的研究院和政府机构发展合作伙伴关系，推动学校博士研究生的招生计划。

“中国是一个泱泱大国，而国际上亦不乏优秀的西方院校。因此在推广高校时，必须谨慎选择研究领域。”赖定思先生明确表示。

“宽泛地列出10到15个不同领域，并模糊地表示高校在这些领域具有高知名度是毫无意义的举措。真实有效的做法是选择 2至3个业内领先的领域，并与认可高校资质的中国机构建立伙伴关系。” “在中国，我们着重发展医药科学领域，因为伊迪斯科文大学的确在此领域内超绝群伦。”

“通过这些举措，我们得以与中国最大的几所医科院校开展联合项目，并凭借与中国高知名度机构的合作关系获得了中国国家留学基金管理委员会的认可。” “我们的博士研究生中不乏中国公认的最优秀、最聪明的学生。而这些学生的加入

正是对伊迪斯科文大学的最佳宣传。”

“一方面，我们与全球最大的一些医学院进行合作，另一方面，中国国家留学基金委员会甚至资助优秀的中国学生前往伊迪斯科文大学攻读博士研究生学位。这不仅能增加高校品牌的知名度，更将高校品牌与科学、奖学金、研究领域、以及全国范围内最重要的高等教育机构紧密联系起来。” 赖定思先生还表示，伊迪斯科文大学将与西澳州其他五所高校并肩协作，持续进行推广，将珀斯打造成留学首选目的地。

“留学目的地的卫生、安全、稳定、多文化环境、以及便利且值得信赖的交通和住宿自然是国际留学生家人的首要考量因素。”

“家长需要确保留学目的地是一个包容且欢迎留学生的社会。”

“此外，在与其他留学目的地竞争时，珀斯还有一个时常被遗忘的优势。那就是与我们的核心国家市场处于相同的时区。” “我们往往忽略的是，相较于澳大利亚其他地区，西澳州在地理位置上与绝大多数东亚国家更为接近。”

“也恰恰是澳大利亚的主要优势所在。技术辅助式的大型资源企业，以及在相关行业运用机器人等技术都是澳大利亚表现出类拔萃的领域，亦是对中国发展至关紧要的因素。” 伊迪斯科文大学（Edith Cowan University）的国际事务常务副校长西蒙· 赖定思（Simon Ridings）则指出，最大的挑战之一是如何将高校想传达的信息在中国传播开来。 WWW.ACBR.COM.AU

2018年三月 | MARCH 2018

PROPERTY | 地产

香港，建筑行业最前沿

Hong Kong the frontier for archite 作者 : Dan Wilkie GLOBAL architecture firm Woods Bagot is taking the best of China to its Australian operations, building on nearly four decades of collaboration and cooperation. Now ranked among the 10 largest architecture firms worldwide by BD World Architecture, Woods Bagot’s China origins can be traced back to 1980, when the company established an outpost in Hong Kong. Global development director Mark Mitcheson-Low said Woods Bagot had established the studio to show potential Chinese clients a long-term commitment, however, in the early days he said it was difficult to win big projects. “We went into China very early on when most of our competition was flying in and flying out,” Mr Mitcheson-Low told Australia China Business Review. “Our model is different, we generally end up putting a studio where we are doing the work, so we have a local connection in the local culture. 22

AUSTRALIA CHINA BUSINESS REVIEW | 澳中商讯

“But when we were originally there, we weren’t getting the right level of client that we wanted. “For some reason, there was this cultural thing where you had more credibility if you were flying someone in. “But after a certain amount of time that wore thin, clients didn’t want to wait for two weeks to speak to someone, they wanted to speak to someone right now.” Mr Mitcheson-Low said Woods Bagot provided the best of both worlds for Chinese developers – flying specialists in from Australia, San Francisco and New York, but also installing studio leaders in China, Pearl Huang and Jean Weng, who had been educated in Australia. “They’d been trained overseas, they built a local team and we still had the access to fly in overseas talent on special projects,” he said. “That wasn’t a hurdle, it was just an education, but I think because we did that, we have a lot more recognition in the market than others.”

Studios in Shanghai and Beijing soon followed the Hong Kong office, as Woods Bagot swiftly expanded to become a significant player. Today, Mr Mitcheson-Low said Woods Bagot was responsible for designing between 300 and 400 towers that are under construction across China, with its three studios supporting operations throughout the entire country. He said there were about 300 Woods Bagot employees in China, but there was so much work being won that the three studios were being supported by architects in Perth and Singapore. That global approach has created a range of reciprocal opportunities, with major Chinese clients interested in expanding their operations across borders. One of those clients was development giant Greenland, who Woods Bagot housed in its Sydney studio as the Shanghai-headquartered company established its Australian operations in 2012. More recently, Woods Bagot Singapore as-

地产

| PROPERTY

VIBRANT Dalian International Cruise Centre has been designed to establish the city as a leader in sustainable development. Image: Woods Bagot 欢欣鼓舞大连国际邮轮中心旨在将城市建设成为可持续发展的龙头。图：伍兹贝格

ct’s expansion 们不想等两周才找到合适的人去解决问题，他们想让立即解决问题。 ”

跨国建筑公司伍兹贝格在近四年的合作中, 将中国最好的设计带到了澳大利亚。伍兹贝格，作为“最受推崇建筑设计事务所”前十强企业，与中国的渊源可以追溯到 1980年, 当时该公司在香港建立了分部。

Our expertise is being sought after in China because of our sector knowledge, particularly in hospitality, hotels, health and aged care – Mark Mitcheson-Low

伍兹贝格全球发展官Mark MitchesonLow表示，伍兹贝格已经建立了地方办事处, 在中国为客户提供卓越优质的服务与成果, 但在早期,其实非常难得到一些大型项目。

Mitcheson-Low先生对澳中商讯表示： “ 我们很早就进入中国了, 那时的中国市场还并不稳定。 ”

因为我们专业，所以在中国很受欢迎, 特别是在酒店管理、保健和老年护理方面— Mark Mitcheson-Low

“我们的处理模式不同，我们通常会结合本地文化，最终建立地方办事处。 ” “但是, 当我们在当地创业期间, 并没有很顺利得到想要的客户。 ” “出于某种原因, 如果引入更多的人才，客户自然会更加青睐于你。 “但过一段时间后, 客户就没有耐心了，他 WWW.ACBR.COM.AU

Mitcheson-Low 先生说, 伍兹贝格为中国开发商提供了世界上最好专业人士，既有从澳大利亚、旧金山和纽约引进的专家, 也有中国本地的领军人物，比如黄馨谚（Pearl Huang）和翁捷（Jean Weng）, 他们都具有澳洲教育背景。

他说:“他们在海外受过专业训练，是能够独当一面的人才。 ”

“这不是一个障碍, 而是教育方面的选择, 因为我们这样做, 便会得到更多的市场认可。 ”

紧随香港办事处落地，上海和北京的办事处很快建立起来, 伍兹贝格迅速扩展壮大。今天, Mitcheson 先生说, 伍兹贝格在中国的三个办事处，负责设计在中国各地在建的 300-400座塔楼。他说, 伍兹贝格在中国有大约300名员工, 但是中国的这三个办事处得到来自珀斯和新加坡建筑师的支持，作品广受好评。 2018年三月 | MARCH 2018

PROPERTY | 地产

sociate principal Justin Szeremeta met with Fremantle Ports to present the firm’s learnings from the Dalian International Cruise Centre, a sprawling 450,000 square metre mixed-use development incorporating a cruise terminal with residential apartments, hotel accommodation and public amenities such as retail and hospitality. Mr Mitcheson-Low said the relationship that had been built from taking Australian expertise to China had now been flipped on its

ICONIC The 286-metre Wenling Sheraton balances the delivery of a tall tower on a peninsula with sensitive waterfront placemaking. Image: Woods Bagot ICONIC 286米高的温岭喜来登酒店，半岛高塔与滨水场相映成趣。图：伍兹贝格 24

AUSTRALIA CHINA BUSINESS REVIEW | 澳中商讯

head, with the firm not only taking its knowledge from China to Australia but also bringing developers along with it. “It’s reciprocal as far as (Chinese developers) want to get into the places that we are,” Mr Mitcheson-Low said. “We have a footprint that covers all the places that they want to be in, but it does rely on good relations back in China as well. “That’s what we can bring to Chinese clients coming to Australia, and generally we have Chinese architects in most of our studios, which helps us get back into China. “Also, our expertise is being sought after in China because of our sector knowledge, particularly in hospitality, hotels, health and aged care.” But while Mr Mitcheson-Low said there was strong desire for Chinese developers to invest in Australia, particularly those that can navigate the Chinese government’s restrictions on capital outflows, there were certain differences between the two countries that posed new challenges.

Not the least of those challenges, he said, was scale, which provided an insight into why major Chinese developers like Greenland, or Dalian Wanda Group, which sold off its Australian operations early this year, had bypassed Perth. “When you’re in China they like big cities, and they see Sydney or Melbourne as big cities and see more opportunities there,” Mr Mitcheson-Low said. “They are used to being able to build it and they will come in China. “In the Perth market, they wouldn’t see that the city is big enough to bring the demand. “Chinese developers aren’t interested in a three-storey building out in the suburbs – why would they bother? “It’s got to be something substantial and they’re also looking for the hook – why should I do it there and not over there? “They are also in Canada, the US, in all of those big cities. They come from a big city environment so unless it’s a substantial project it’s not going to get any interest.”

地产

这种全球做法创造了一系列互惠的机会, 中国的大客户开始扩大其跨境业务。其中一个客户是地产开发巨头绿地集团, 这家总部设在上海的公司在2012年开展了澳大利亚业务，贝格伍兹帮助创建了悉尼办事处。近日, 伍兹贝格新加坡副董事 Justin Szeremeta 于弗里曼特尔港展示了大连国际邮轮中心的建立意见，这是一个以国际邮轮母港为主体，集旅游休闲、文化娱乐、商务办公、酒店公寓和客运为一体的45万平方米的新型城市综合性区域。

Mitcheson-Low先生说, 原来把从澳大利亚的专门知识带到中国，现在不仅把从中国得到的经验带到澳大利亚, 而且把中国开发商也带过来了。

“只要 (中国开发商) 想到我们那里，这就会互惠共赢 ,”Mitcheson-Low 先生说。 “依赖于中国的良好关系，我们的足迹覆盖了他们想要去的所有地方。 WWW.ACBR.COM.AU

“我们可以给来澳大利亚的中国客户带来这些好处，我们的大多数都有中国建筑师, 这有助于回馈中国。

“此外, 因为我们专业，所以在中国很受欢迎, 特别是在酒店管理、保健和老年护理方面。 ”

但 Mitcheson-Low 先生表示, 中国开发商强烈希望在澳大利亚投资, 尤其是那些能够驾驭中国政府对资本外流限制的开发商, 两国之间存在着一定的差异, 也带来了新的挑战。

他说, 这些挑战中最重要的是规模, 这就是为什么中国大的开发商像绿地集团或者大连万达集团, 今年年初卖掉澳大利亚业务，绕过珀斯。

“当你了解中国以后,你会发现他们更喜欢大城市, 他们把悉尼或墨尔本看成大城市, 看到更多的机会,”Mitcheson-Low 先生说。 “他们希望在那里开发, 并且将来会引进中方需求。

| PROPERTY

“在珀斯, 他们看到这个市场没那么大，并未有足够的需求。

“中国开发商对偏远地区建造仅有三层高的建筑并不感冒—他们何必要费心思呢？ “这就是问题所在了—为什么我应该在这里开发, 而不是在那里？

“他们也在加拿大、美国以及其他的这些大城市开发。他们均来自现代化的大城市, 所以除非是实体工程, 否则不会获得任何收益。 ”

PRECINCT Taizhou Tengda Centre mixes two office towers with four apartment buildings, creating a gateway for the new CBD. Image: Woods Bagot PRECINCT 泰州腾达中心融合两座办公楼与四栋公寓楼, 创建CBD 新门户图：伍兹贝格 2018年三月 | MARCH 2018

NEWS | 新闻

6.9亿澳元收购Life-Space 公司为医疗保健行业热潮推波助澜

$690m Life-Space deal adds to healthcare surge 作者 : Dan Wilkie

AUSTRALIA CHINA BUSINESS REVIEW | 澳中商讯

新闻 SURGING Chinese investment in Australia’s healthcare sector looks set to continue in 2018, with the $690 million acquisition of probiotics manufacturer Life-Space Group in late January by Guangzhou-based BYHEALTH adding to more than $5.5 billion in transactions since 2015. For the past three years, Australia has become one of the most sought-after destinations for Chinese companies seeking healthcare investments, according to a recent report by KPMG. Improving public health is one of President Xi Jinping’s cornerstone policies, with an official framework for Chinese healthcare reform launched in August 2016. Responding to pressure to reduce the health impacts of environmental problems, improve access to healthcare services and increase the availability of more affordable medicines, the reforms promised a commitment to open the sector to market forces, bolstering opportunities for exporters worldwide. As a result, Chinese demand for cutting-edge healthcare products from Australia has reached unprecedented levels, with KPMG finding that $2.55 billion was invested in 2015, $1.35 billion in 2016 and $1.58 billion in 2017. By comparison, Chinese companies invested $US4.5 billion ($5.75 billion) in the United States’ healthcare sector from 2015 to 2017. In Australia, the investment has been highlighted by several large deals, including the $938 million acquisition of hospital operator Healthe Care Australia in 2015, and the $1.69 billion purchase of Swisse Wellness across 2015 and 2016. KPMG China head of healthcare Jenny Yao said in the report Chinese investors had been attracted by Australia’s reputation for developing, testing and producing high-end products and services that could be easily deployed locally and exported. “The patterns that are emerging in China’s domestic healthcare sector are likely to strengthen investment demand in the coming years as healthcare assets become a key component of many Chinese investors’ portfolios,” Ms Yao said. “For Chinese investors, Australia is more than a destination for leading technology or care-providing experience. “The combination of transferable management know-how, high-level care service experience and state of the art technology are complemented by the ‘clean, green and healthy’ image of Australian products and the attraction of Australia for Chinese health patient tourists.” Life-Space, one of Australia’s largest probiotics players and owner of the Evolution Health and Ultramix brands, announced in January it had been acquired by BY-HEALTH, one of China’s top online and offline healthcare retailers. Under terms of the transaction, Life-Space’s WWW.ACBR.COM.AU

| NEWS

TOP FIVE CHINESE INVESTMENTS IN AUSTRALIAN HEALTHCARE 2015-18

2015-18年中国对澳前五大医疗保健投资项目 YEAR 年份

TARGET 收购目标

ACQUIRER 收购

SECTOR 行业

VALUE 价值

2015

Swisse Wellness

Biostime 合生元

Supplements 保健品

$1.38 billion 13.8亿澳元

2015

Healthe Care

Luye Medical Group 绿叶医疗集团

Services 服务

$938 million 9.38亿澳元

2017

Ansell Ltd Sexual Health Business

Humanwell Healthcare and CITIC Captial 人福医药与中信资本

Products 医药制品

$800 million 8亿澳元

2018

Life-Space

BY-HEALTH 汤臣倍健

Supplements 保健品

$690 million 6.9亿澳元

2016

Genesis Care

China Resources Co & Macquarie Capital Group 华润集团与麦格理资本集团

Services 服务

$383 million 3.83亿澳元

Source: KPMG

来源:毕马威会计师事务所

中国对澳医疗保健行业高涨的投资热潮将在2018年持续。1月下旬，位于广州的汤臣倍健斥资6.9亿澳元收购益生菌生产商LifeSpace集团，自2015年以来本次交易总额已达55亿澳元。据毕马威会计师事务所近期一项报告，在过去三年中，澳大利亚已成为中国公司医疗保健领域的热门投资目标。

改善公众健康是习近平主席的基本方针政策之一。2016年8月，中国医疗体制改革蓝图正式发布。面对降低环境问题对健康的影响、提高医疗服务普及程度、合理控制药品价格的多重压力，上述改革措施承诺将进一步市场化开放医疗行业，为全球出口商创造更为便利的条件。

其结果是中国对澳大利亚高端医疗保健产品的需求达到了前所未有的水平。据毕马威数据，中国对澳医疗保健领域的投资额2015 年为25.5亿澳元，2016年和2017年则分别为13.5亿澳元15.8亿澳元。相比而言，2015至2017年中国公司对美国医疗保健行业的投资额为45亿美元（57.5 亿澳元）。

在澳大利亚，几桩大交易的达成使该领域的投资备受关注，包括2015年以9.38亿澳元收购医院管理公司Healthe Care Australia，以及2015、2016年以16.9亿澳元收购 Swisse Wellness公司等。毕马威中国医疗保健业务主管姚凤娥女士在报告中表示，中国投资者被澳大利亚研发、检测和制造高端医药产品和服务的良好声誉所吸引，且此类产品和服务的本地部署和出口难度较小。

“随着中国国内医疗保健市场日新月异的变化，该行业的投资需求预计将在近几年内激增，而医疗保健资产已成为了许多中国投资者投资组合中不可或缺的一环，”姚女士表示。 “对中国投资者而言，澳大利亚不仅仅是先进科技或医疗服务领域的投资目标。

“除了可以转移的管理知识、高端的医疗服务体验以及最新的科技外，澳大利亚产品干净、绿色、健康的形象以及澳大利亚对中国患者医疗旅行的吸引力也让投资者向往。 ” Life-Space是澳大利亚最大的益生菌生产商之一，拥有Evolution Health和 Ultramix品牌。该公司于1月份宣布被中国

INNOVATIVE Australian companies are globally competitive in healthcare research, according to Ben McHarg. Photo: Life-Space 创新据本·麦克哈格介绍，澳洲公司正在医疗保健研究领域获得全球竞争力。图片：Life-Space

2018年三月 | MARCH 2018

NEWS | 新闻 management team and manufacturing facilities will remain in place in Australia, with the deal the culmination of around 12 months of discussions, according to managing director Ben McHarg. However, Mr McHarg said Life-Space’s China push began around three years ago, when it launched an e-commerce-based expansion into the one of the world’s largest consumer markets. “We had quite an innovative range of probiotic products that were starting to make a bit of noise in the Australian market, first and foremost, with a focus around motherhood and early childhood,” Mr McHarg told Australia China Business Review. “The baby and the pregnancy probiotics were the first such products on the Australian market and were doing really well with some of the research coming out around the use of probiotics in both gestation and early infant. “Essentially what that did is it really touched a nerve with Chinese consumers. We saw it first in Australia, and it was right at the beginning of this expansion of cross-border e-commerce trade into the Chinese market. “Our products were a really nice companion product for infant formula, so a lot of the entrepreneurs, the daigou shoppers and the exporters who were starting to come into this space saw an opportunity to sell our products alongside infant formula. “That was really the genesis and it took us a little while to get our heads around what that meant, because it wasn’t a targeted opportunity, but as soon as we saw the potential we immediately swung every resource that we had into working out how we could take best advantage of it.” Life-Space’s China expansion, which took place on leading e-commerce platforms Tmall, JD.com and VIP.com, was the beginning of the company’s move into global markets, Mr McHarg said. This unearthed the need to partner with a Chinese operator of sufficient scale and local expertise. BY-HEALTH was one of the first Chinese companies to engage with Life-Space, he said, with the company seeking to offer probiotics across its offline distribution channels, including more than 100,000 pharmacies, 10,000 supermarkets and 20,000 specialty mother and baby stores in China. “We kind of looked at each other in exactly the same way,” Mr McHarg said. “We’re very strong in probiotics, but our strength in China was in online cross-border. “They’re not strong in probiotics but they’re very strong in every other category in vitamins, minerals and supplements, and of

AUSTRALIA CHINA BUSINESS REVIEW | 澳中商讯

course they’ve got this amazing distribution network in offline China that we haven’t yet tapped into. “There was an immediate synergy in terms of what they could do for us and what we could do for them.” The financial capacity of BY-HEALTH will enable Life-Space to expand its manufacturing facilities and help the company achieve its ambition of becoming a global brand, with European and South-East Asian markets expected to be the next to be targeted. Mr McHarg said the transaction was another indication of the growing Chinese appetite for health-related investment opportunities, particularly in countries with strong reputations for not just innovation, but also branding prowess. “It feels like there has been a shift in China’s thinking about the sort of assets that they want to invest in, and I think it’s a real positive that one of the areas that they’ve found where there is quality and still huge amounts of potential growth is in that healthcare sector,” he said. “I think it’s one of the few areas where we are globally competitive, but the importance is that the manufacturing and innovation needs to stay in Australia, or that edge is going to be lost. “They’re not just investing in branding, they’re investing in people, they’re investing in facilities and I think it actually provides a real opportunity for Australia then to become a much bigger global player.” While the KPMG report flagged broader in-

vestment opportunities over the next three to five years for Chinese enterprises, Mr McHarg questioned how many unique brands and operations there were in Australia that would satisfy Chinese needs. Mr McHarg said while there have been some high-profile brands that have built major operations in China, such as The A2 Milk Company or Swisse, there were not as many truly successful Australian brands in China as what many people perceived. “There is quite a level of sophistication that I think gets underestimated when it comes to the investment out of China,” he said. “They understand the market, they understand what constitutes a valuable brand and one that could become global, as opposed to a brand that maybe has tapped into a straight Chinese desire for Australian healthcare products. “Chinese consumers want to know that they’re buying the best, or one of the best, brands in the country that they’re buying from, so domestic success in the market that you’re manufacturing in is more important than some people seem to realise. “Chinese consumers are not looking for products designed specifically for them, they are looking to source the best products from around the world. “Domestic success should be the first measure, and once you’ve experienced that success and you can demonstrate that the Australian consumer really likes the product, you’ve got a much better chance of being successful in China.”

新闻

| NEWS

AGREEMENT (Front, from left): Alan Messer, Irene Messer, (Life-Space Group), David Lin, CEO By-Health, Shuisheng Liang - Deputy Chairman, By-Health, Craig Silbery (Life-Space Group) (Rear, from left): Tracy Wut (Baker McKenzie), Richard Lusting (Baker McKenzie), Shaf Dewani (Edison Partners), Tiandi Zhang (King & Wood Mallesons), Seric Han (King Wood Mallesons), Jinsheng Zhang (CITIC Securities), Jason Ellenport(Edison Partners), Rick Wu (CLSA), Eric Lalauze (CLSA)

They’re not just investing in branding, they’re investing in people, they’re investing in facilities – Ben McHarg 他们的投资目标不单包括品牌，也包括人和生产设施 — 本·麦克哈格

最大线上线下保健品零售商之一的汤臣倍健收购。

根据本次交易的条款，Life-Space的管理团队和生产设施将留在澳洲。据公司总经理本·麦克哈格透露，本次交易历经12个月的谈判才最终达成正果。

麦克哈格表示，Life-Space早在约3年前就开始了进军中国的计划。3年前，该公司以电商平台的形式扩张进入中国这个全球最大的消费品市场。

“我们的产品线涵盖一系列的创新益生菌产品，加上我们对母婴产品领域的关注，使我们得以在澳大利亚市场占据一席之地，” 麦克哈格向澳中商讯表示。

“这是澳大利亚市场中首次出现婴幼儿与孕妇益生菌产品，且在孕期及婴儿期使用益生菌的相关研究数据支持下，我们在市场上取得了不俗的成绩。 “我们取得这样成功的直接结果是触动了中国消费者的神经。我们的产品首先在澳大利亚大卖，在随后通过跨境电商进入中国市场的过程中，这些产品从一开始就大受欢迎。

“我们的产品十分适合和婴儿配方奶粉搭配出售，因此许多初次进入这一领域的经销商、代购店家和出口商从我们的产品中看到了商机，那就是把它们和婴儿配方奶粉一起搭售。 “这就是我们最初的故事。尽管这不是预想中的机会，但我们很快看到了其中的发展潜力，然后立即发动手头的各种资源来研究如何最大程度地利用这个机会。 ”

WWW.ACBR.COM.AU

麦克哈格表示，通过天猫、京东和唯品会等主要电商平台进驻中国，是Life-Space进军全球市场的第一步。

为此，公司需要在中国找到一个具有足够规模和本地化经验的经销商作为合作伙伴。麦克哈格表示，汤臣倍健是最早与LifeSpace合作的中国公司之一。该公司通过其线下销售渠道（包括中国的10万家药店、1 万家超市以及2万家母婴用品商店）销售益生菌产品。

“两家公司有种惺惺相惜的感觉，”麦克哈格说道。

“益生菌是我们的最强项，但我们在中国的最大优势是跨境电商。

“汤臣倍健在益生菌领域并非强项，但他们在维生素、矿物质、营养补充剂等其它所有领域都有强大的实力，更不要说他们在中国还有强大的线下销售渠道有待我们去发掘。 “两家公司可以优势互补，形成很好的合力。 ”

汤臣倍健的财务实力可以帮助Life-Space 扩大其生产设施，并助其实现成为全球品牌的目标（Life-Space下一步准备进军欧洲和东南亚市场）。麦克哈格表示，本次交易再次展现了中国对健康领域投资机会日渐高涨的热情，且对以创新和品牌推广见长的国家尤为关注。

““感觉中国人偏好投资的资产类型正发生转变，而且我也可以确定地说，中国人普遍认为医疗健康领域是有质量优势和巨大发展潜力的领域之一，”他表示。 “我认为医疗健康是我们为数不多具有全

球竞争力的领域之一，但要确保生产和创新力量都能留在澳大利亚本土，否则我们就会失去这一优势。

“他们的投资目标不单包括品牌，也包括人和生产设施。 ”

尽管毕马威的报告为中国企业指出了未来三至五年的其它一些投资机会，但麦克哈格对澳大利亚是否有足够的独有品牌和业务来满足中国市场的需求表示怀疑。

麦克哈格表示，尽管已有A2奶粉公司和 Swisse等知名品牌进入中国市场，但真正在中国取得成功的澳大利亚品牌数量并不像很多人想象的那么多。

“在中国以外的投资方面，我们往往会极大地低估其中的复杂性，”他表示。

“他们了解市场，了解一个有价值的品牌由什么组成，也了解一个品牌怎样才能成为全球品牌，而不仅仅是为了迎合中国市场对澳大利亚医疗保健产品的需求。 “中国消费者想要确定自己买的东西在对方国家是最好的品牌或最好的品牌之一。因此在生产国本地市场取得成功比某些人想象的更为重要。 “中国消费者想要的不是专门为他们量身打造的产品，他们想要的是从全球各地淘到最好的商品。 “能否在本地市场取得成功是衡量一个商品的首要标准。一旦在本地市场取得了成功，就表明澳大利亚本国消费者很喜欢这个产品，这样它在中国同样取得成功的几率就要大得多。 ”

2018年三月 | MARCH 2018

NEWS | 新闻

顶级投资平台的“中式”思路

China launch for top investment platform 本刊记者 : Staff reporter ONE of Australia’s biggest private investment platforms is gearing up to launch its services in China, tapping into increasing demand for Australian investment opportunities from high-net-worth individuals and professional investors. Wholesale Investor, which began as a specialist emerging company and small cap investment magazine in 2008, is planning to launch four events in China in 2018, in collaboration with partner firm and shareholder, BMY Group. China-focused BMY, which is led by managing director Eric Gao, invested $1.4 million in Wholesale Investor last year, adding significant weight to the platform’s network of more than 300 emerging, pre-IPO and listed companies seeking capital and more than 17,000 individual investors. Wholesale Investor managing director Steve Torso said the two firms would take between 10 and 15 emerging companies to China to pitch to BMY Group’s network of investors. 30

AUSTRALIA CHINA BUSINESS REVIEW | 澳中商讯

The companies will also add to a suite of regular events in Singapore and Hong Kong throughout 2018. Mr Torso said participants at Wholesale Investors’ regular events and conferences in Australia had urged him to establish a presence in China since the first event was launched about six years ago. “At every single event we have at least one person come up to us and say, ‘you should be doing this in China’,” Mr Torso told Australia China Business Review. “The more visibility that we can create and the opportunities that we can create, there’s a really interesting potential for Australian companies looking to go over to China. “It’s nice that we have a partner with BMY and seeing the growth of their business and knowing the capital networks they’ve got in China, it gives us a lot of confidence that we will be able to go over there and actually do it. “That’s the big leverage and driving point for me.” Mr Torso said the China initiative had its genesis in 2014, when the company

launched its first offshore investor event in Singapore. “That really changed our reference because we realised that internationally, investors were interested in Australia because of our strong financial regulatory system, and also the understanding that Australia has good innovation and good technology, but we have a small marketplace to go to,” Mr Torso said. “When you’re dealing with technology that has relevance to South-East Asia or to China, the opportunities become a lot more interesting. “The hard part is, if you’re a growth company and you want to test your potential in China, where do you go? Who do you go and speak to? “There is no real platform for companies, so that’s the mechanism and the role that we want to play.” Mr Torso said the China events would focus on sectors that were already gaining interest from Chinese investors and Chinese companies, particularly agribusiness, technology and healthcare.

新闻

澳大利亚最大的私人投资平台之一正蓄势待发，欲在中国市场推行业务，让有意在澳大利亚寻求投资的高净值人士及专业投资者如愿以偿。

Wholesale Investor公司于2008年亮相于公众，成立之初其仅经营一家新兴专业公司及小规模资本投资指南刊物。十年磨剑，2018年Wholesale Investor公司已开始计划与合作企业及股东博满金资集团（BMY Group）携手在中国推出四大项目。在董事总经理高松谕（Eric Gao）的带领下，博满金资集团专注于中国市场，并于去年向Wholesale Investor公司投资140万澳元，为该投资平台带来了超过300家初创企业、拟上市企业、上市企业，以及1.7万余位个人投资者。

EXPANDING OUTLOOK Wholesale Investor shareholders Hein Vogel (left), Steve Torso and Eric Gao see a bright future in China. Photo: Supplied 康庄大道 Wholesale Investor公司股东会（从左至右）海英·沃格尔，史蒂夫·托尔索，高松谕坚信其在中国市场前景一片光明。

Wholesale Investor总经理史蒂夫·托尔斯（Steve Torso）表示，双方将向博满金资集团的投资者网络介绍10至15家初创企业，使其逐渐进入中国市场。

| NEWS

There is no real platform for companies, so that’s the mechanism and the role that we want to play – Steve Torso 如今仍没有一个平台能为企业提供这方面的协助，因此这正是我们希望建立的体系，亦是公司的初始定位。 ——史蒂夫·托尔索（Steve Torso）

同时，这些企业还将在2018年新加坡及香港的常规项目上展现风姿。

托尔索先生透露，自六年前公司的首个中国项目圆满成功后，参与Wholesale Investor常规项目和大会的澳洲企业均希望托尔索先生能在中国市场开展业务，占据一席之地。

“在每一次活动中，都至少会有一位参与者建议我们‘应该在中国开展这样的活动’。” 托尔索先生告诉澳中商讯（ACBR）。

A report released midway through last year by global accounting firm KPMG showed there had been considerable capital flowing from China to Australia in recent years, with more than $US90 billion ($155 billion) invested by Chinese companies or high-net-worth individuals since 2007. China’s restrictions on capital outflows, and its ban on crypto-currencies, would restrict what types of companies Wholesale Investor would bring to the country, but Mr Torso said the events would not focus solely on attracting direct investment, but also what trade opportunities could emerge between Australian and Chinese companies. “Basically, the idea for us is to spend a week and a half to do a four-city roadshow with companies who are willing to come with us,” Mr Torso said. “In that period, we want to partner with as many media groups and local capital groups as possible to work with us in the set up for that event. “If we look from the perspective of trade opportunities more so than just capital, it makes it more appealing.” WWW.ACBR.COM.AU

“吸引的目光越多就意味着机会越多，对于有意进入中国市场的澳洲企业而言，绝对不乏潜在机会。” “与博满金资集团的合作关系可谓河润泽及。看到他们的业务增长，知晓他们在中国的资本网络，更使得我们自信满满，坚信公司能进入中国市场，真正开展业务。” “这正是敦促我孜孜以求的动力。”

托尔索先生指出，中国市场规划的萌芽源于2014年公司在新加坡开展的首个海外投资者项目。

“澳大利亚拥有强有力的金融监管体制，并且人们通常认为澳大利亚在创新和技术方面表现出众，这些均是国际投资者对澳大利亚饶有兴趣的原因。在新加坡项目之后我们意识到这一点，并因此而改变了公司的战略方针，但遗憾的是我们可以进入的市场不过是弹丸之地。” “若研究的技术与东南亚或是中国有所关联，那么面临的机会将逸趣横生。”

“但问题在于，成长中的企业若想在中国投石问路，试探潜能，他们究竟应该从何处着手，又应该与什么人进行合作？ ” “如今仍没有一个平台能为企业提供这方面的协助，因此这正是我们希望建立的体系，亦是公司的初始定位。”

托尔索先生指出公司的中国项目将专注于已经获得中国投资者及中国企业关注的领域，尤其是农商、技术、及医疗保健等。

去年年中，国际会计师事务所毕马威（KPMG）发布的报告显示，近年来从中国流向澳大利亚的资金盈千累万。据统计，自2007年至今，中国企业及高净值人群在澳大利亚的投资金额共计超过900亿美元（1550亿澳元）。

尽管中国对资金外流管制颇多，对虚拟货币更是明令禁止，使得Wholesale Investor 公司在协助企业进入中国市场时对企业类型有所限制。但托尔索先生指出，公司的策划项目并不仅仅局限于吸引直接投资，更致力于探索澳中企业潜在的贸易机会。

“项目的基本框架是用一周半的时间在中国的四座城市进行巡回推介，向中国市场介绍与我们同行的澳洲企业。” “在此期间，我们希望能与尽量多的媒体以及当地的资本集团进行合作，共同举办此项活动。” “如果我们超越资本的角度，从贸易机会来审视，这一项目将更具吸引力。” 2018年三月 | MARCH 2018

TECHNOLOGY | 科技

This article was originally published online at http://www.startupnews.com.au 本文最先发表于澳大利亚创业新闻网，网址：http://www.startupnews.com.au。

AG-TECH The Indicina team (from left): Brenda Powell, John Bussell, Rod Campbell, Tim Hyde, Ross George, Ivor Gaylard and Beau Tang. Photo: Startup News

西澳更多创业公司获现金资助

农业科技公司印迪信纳(Indicina)团队（从左到右）：布兰达·包威尔（Brenda Powell）, 约翰·罗素（John Bussell）, 罗德·坎贝尔（Rod Campbell）, 提姆·海德（Tim Hyde）, 罗斯·乔治（Ross George）, 艾弗尔·盖兰德（Ivor Gaylard）和保·唐（Beau Tang）. 照片来源：初创新闻

More WA startups get grants cash A Perth-based ag-tech startup has been awarded $590,000 and a mobile tech business $226,000 in the latest round of Accelerating Commercialisation (AC) funding. 查理·康宁翰 : Charlie Gunningham STARTUPS in Western Australia have been slowly chalking up solid wins in federal grants. Since September last year, more than a quarter of all AC grant offers (in dollar terms) have been to WA companies. Among 33 offers made nationally totalling $13.6million, six WA projects have been awarded a combined $2.97 million in AC grants at an average size of $495,000 per offer. The details are published on the Department of Industry, Innovation & Science website. Accelerating Commercialisation is a federally funded competitive grants program (a previous version was known as Commercialising Australia) that backs innovative Australian-owned projects. Grants have to be matched with funds available and/or raised by the company. Projects have to be strong (novel, pre-revenue and with a clear market proposition and strong management team) because it is a competitive grant process, and WA requests are pitted against the best in the country. Startup News spoke to one of the latest recipients, ag-tech startup Indicina, about its novel project, SWAN Systems, and the grant process itself. Indicina’s $590,000 grant will fast track the commercialisation of SWAN Systems (sched32

AUSTRALIA CHINA BUSINESS REVIEW | 澳中商讯

ule water and nutrients), a world-first irrigation and nutrient scheduling software platform. Indicina, the East Perth company behind the system, had to demonstrate a clear market need for the product and its funding. The idea started life as a precision agriculture tool about six years ago but over the past 18 months has been developed into a webbased software platform applicable to any large-scale irrigator. Indicina co-founders Tim Hyde and Ivor Gaylard met many years ago growing bananas in the Gascoyne. They each have 25-plus years of agronomy, agribusiness and consulting experience behind them. Another co-founder, Rod Campbell, has a banking and corporate background, having been company secretary for Fortescue Metals Group in its early days, and WA state manager of Rabobank. The rest of the staff is made up of PhDs and ‘deep domain’ experts. They have ploughed in their own funds, plus angel investors’ money, to get the system to its prototype stage. The platform is being trialled across a range of sectors over the current 2017-18 irrigation season, including agriculture, horticulture, public open space (parks and ovals), golf courses, recycled water utilities and property developers.

SWAN Systems enables large-scale irrigators to optimally manage water and nutrient levels Unique features of the system include the “forward-looking nature of the water and nutrient balancing, as well as being totally hardware agnostic”. “Farmers and managers of public open spaces will be able to use our system to predict their optimal water requirements and fine tune their nutrient balance no matter what soil moisture probes or reticulation schemes they currently have,” Mr Hyde said. SWAN Systems has been designed to reduce irrigation costs, optimise plant/grass growth and minimise nutrient leaching. Tests indicate SWAN saves at least 20 per cent of water use compared with previous systems. “Water scarcity is a growing problem here in Australia,” Mr Hyde said. “We live on the driest continent on the planet, and the situation is only getting more severe.” Based on feedback from the field, the Indicina team aims to complete the final product ready for full commercialisation in time for the 2018-19 irrigation season. “The AC process is a reasonable amount of work, and has very well-defined stages throughout,” Mr Hyde said. “We actually took 18 months from first meeting to putting in the final application. “Having a full grasp of the grant and its dif-

科技

| TECHNOLOGY

在最新一轮的澳大利亚政府商业发展扶持资助计划（AC）名单中，一家总部位于珀斯的农业创业公司成功获得59万资助，另有一家移动技术公司获得22万6千澳元资助。近年来，西澳的创业公司在申请联邦政府资助方面一步一个脚印，取得了可喜进展。

自去年9月份以来，超过四分之一的政府商业发展扶持资助计划（以澳元计）授予了西澳的创业公司。该计划共批准33项资金扶持申请项目，总资助额达1360万澳元。其中六项资助授予西澳企业，资助额共计297万澳元，每项申请计划平均获49.5万澳元资助。

澳大利亚工业创业科学部网站近期公布了该扶持计划的资助详情。

查理·康宁翰 : Charlie Gunningham 初创新闻 : Startup News

政府商业发展扶持资助计划是一项澳大利亚国家级资助扶持竞争申请计划（该计划之前被称作“澳大利亚商业化计划”），由政府牵头，主要用于支持澳大利亚本土企业的创新发展商业项目。企业提交资助申请区需要以现有资金及/或企业自身资金实力相得益彰。

参与申请的商业项目必须各方面都出类拔萃（创意新颖、有天使投资、市场定位清晰、管理团队高效专业等）。申请过程相当白热化。西澳的申请团队要和全国范围内的各支劲旅进行竞争。

《创业新闻》近期采访了印迪信纳这家农业创业公司。该公司在商业发展扶持资助计划最新批准的资助项目中榜上有名。采访中谈到了该公司最新推出的商业计划天鹅（SWAN）系统，也聊到了资助申请过程中的点点滴滴。

ferent components – what’s eligible spending and what’s not – takes a bit (of time) to get your head around. “I’d suggest making contact and having an occasional coffee with an adviser and past recipients on a regular basis, as you will always pick something up. “One of the overarching principles is understanding where the AC grant fits in the whole AusIndustry federal government offer. “The R&D tax concession, the AC Grant, then Export Marketing Development rebates essentially follow a pipeline for startups. “It’s often really hard for a startup as, essentially, you’re investing in a product that you don’t know for sure if there a market or not. “We thought we had something of value to potential customers but you don’t really know until the market is tested. “If you are approved for the AC grant there is the obvious advantage of the funding, but (another) aspect which can’t be undervalued is that the federal government has essentially completed some due diligence on you, the business, the market and your commercialisation plans. “This credibility tick goes a long way for customers and potential investors.” * The author has been working for AC for the past five months. WWW.ACBR.COM.AU

印迪信纳通过商业发展扶持资助计划获批 59万澳元资助。这笔资助将会为天鹅系统的商业化推广插上腾飞的翅膀。天鹅系统主要用于农业水资源和营养元素的分配，是目前世界一流的灌溉和营养素分配软件体系。印迪信纳是天鹅系统的开放商，公司坐落于珀斯东部。在申请资助过程中，印迪信纳必须清楚阐明该产品的市场需求以及资金现状。天鹅系统这个概念萌芽于六年前，初衷是想要打造一个精准农业生产工具。技术人员用了1年半的时间开发天鹅系统。这是一个基于网络的软件平台，适用于所有大型灌溉设备。

提姆·海德和艾弗尔·盖兰德是印迪信纳公司的合伙人。二人多年前在加斯科内（Gascoyne，澳大利亚地名）种植香蕉时相识。二人均有25年以上的农业经济、农业商务的从业和咨询经验。

罗德·坎贝尔（Rod Campell）是该公司另一位合伙人，有多年银行和企业管理从业经验。他曾担任作为Fortsecue金属集团公司的集团秘书，也曾担任荷兰合作银行西澳州区域经理。该公司其他员工大多有博士学历，或为各自领域的“深耕”专家。通过自筹资金及天使投资资助，印迪信纳公司已经打造出了系统的雏形。 2017-2018两年间的灌溉季节里，天鹅系统

在多个领域进行了平台试点运行，测试了包括农业、园艺、公共用地（公园、球场）、高尔夫球场、水循环系统、以及地产开发商等多个方面。通过使用天鹅系统，大规模灌溉器械可以有效优化水资源和营养素的分配。

天鹅系统在多方面独具优势，如可以前瞻性预测水资源和营养素平衡情况，以及完全无需依赖任何硬件辅助等。

在采访中，海德先生说： “农场主和公共用地管理人员都可以使用我们的系统。这个系统无需考虑当地的土壤湿度或者灌溉管道的铺设覆盖范围，都可以轻松预测水需求量，更好地调节营养素的分配和均衡。” 天鹅系统的设计初衷是为了减少灌溉成本，优化植物/草类生长，最大化降低营养素流失。实验数据表明，与以往系统相比，天鹅系统至少可以节约20%的水。

“澳大利亚水资源匮乏的问题正愈演愈烈。” 海德先生说， “我们生活在地球上最干旱的大陆，而这里的情况正变得每况愈下。根据田野调查的反馈，印迪信纳团队正摩拳擦掌，进行产品最后攻坚战，希望能够赶在 2018-2019年灌溉季时正式上市。

海德先生说： “我们花费了诸多精力准备商业发展扶持资助计划，每一步都定位清晰，准备充足”。

“从第一次会议上碰撞出思想的火花到产品投产，我们走过了实打实的18个月的征程。” “我们花了诸多时间和精力，兢兢业业研究了这项资助的各方各面，以及涉及的流程和细节，如资助可以/不可以用于哪部分开支，这部分工作耗时颇多。”

“我的建议是，主动出击，联系申请顾问以及之前的申请成功者，定期找他们喝杯咖啡聊聊天，每一次都会让你耳目一新”。

“一条总的指导性原则就是，你得弄清楚资助计划与联邦政府的工业发展思路的契合之处。”

“研发税收优惠、商业发展扶持资助计划、产品出口市场开发计划等这些政府政策都是致力于扶持创业公司的发展。” “不争的事实是，对创业公司来讲，将大笔资金投入到某个产品时，其实你内心也没谱市场到底有没有/大不大。” “我们的初衷是为潜在客户能提供有价值的产品，但市场未经试水，不知深浅。”

“如果公司获得资助，那好处不一而足。还有一点必须得指出，即联邦政府对申请的公司进行尽职调查，会考察了公司概况、市场前景以及商业计划的可行性。” “获得资助就相当于对创业公司的认可。而公司信誉对客户和潜在投资者来说都至关重要。”

本文作者过去五个月一直参与商业发展扶持资助计划。 2018年三月 | MARCH 2018

OPINION | 观点 Captain Walter P. Purio, CEO of LNG Marine Fuel Institute, Perth Colleen Harmer, senior research officer, P and H Marine Australasia Pty Ltd Walter P. Purio船长，西澳州珀斯液化天然气船用燃料机构（LNG Marine Fuel Institute）CEO Colleen Harmer, P and H Marine西澳大利亚州高级研究员

All players must work together for green shipping AT LNG Marine Fuel Institute, we are keenly aware of the emergence of green shipping. It is a particularly prominent topic in the industry as policy changes, propelled by scientific and social research on the industry’s impact on public health and the environment, are now coming into effect. The much-deliberated sulphur emissions cap to be put in place in 2020 by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO), for instance, aims to reduce the impact of harmful sulphur emissions from ships globally. In the Asia-Pacific region, the most recent policy changes have occurred in China, which, as discussed in last month’s column, expanded its Domestic Emissions Control Areas in January this year. According to a group of university, government and independent policy researchers based in Hong Kong, scientific research on ship emissions has been integral to facilitating voluntary industry action as well as government proposals to control and regulate emissions in both China and Hong Kong. The question being asked by many, however, is how to best create, regulate, and enforce policy changes related to ship emissions. Last year, tension emerged between the IMO and the European Union, both of which want to implement their own measures to ensure emissions reductions. They are, as such, vying for the responsibility to induce change. As a United Nations specialised agency, the IMO actively recommends policy changes, creating conventions that are then worked 34

AUSTRALIA CHINA BUSINESS REVIEW | 澳中商讯

into national laws once they are ratified by member states. For example, in Australia the IMO’s MARPOL Annex VI, which addresses air pollution from ocean-going vessels, is implemented through the Protection of the Sea (Prevention of Pollution from Ships) Act 1983 and the Navigation Act 2012. In 2016, the EU responded to what it saw as the slow and ineffective emissions reduction measures of the IMO. To ensure the industry did its part to reduce emissions, the EU proposed to add ships’ emissions to its Emission Trading Scheme if the IMO failed to ensure emissions reduction by 2021. This move was strongly criticised by the IMO, mainly because it believed EU intervention of this kind could actually undermine the IMO’s global status and therefore undercut efforts to reduce emissions. The tension between the EU and the IMO on the matter of regulating ships’ emissions highlights just how difficult it is to implement and govern policy change in the maritime industry. This difficulty rests in the fact that governance takes place not from one central place, but through a diverse range of regional, global, private, and public actors. However, we believe this diversity is not a weakness, but a key strength of the maritime industry’s ability to address ships’ emissions as it means the responsibility is shared among many different players. With a similar notion in mind, maritime ex-

pert Dr Daria Gritsenko offers some guidance on how the industry can effectively manage emissions governance. First, it must promote institutional diversity. This means varying regulation through both public and private means such as market-based incentives, environmental taxes, private certification schemes, and social corporate responsibility incentives. Second, the maritime industry must target and distinguish between different shipping sectors. Cruise ships, for example, differ in emissions to container ships. Understanding the variety of the industry itself means understanding that there is no one-size-fits-all solution. Third, the industry needs to encourage lower-level players to monitor and control policy implementation. In other words, port state controls, port incentives, vetting, and certification are integral to the governance process. The key message is: regulating and facilitating change in the maritime industry requires that we encourage the development of a diverse group of players who share the responsibility of ensuring emissions reduction targets are met effectively. At LNG Marine Fuel Institute, we view the sharing of responsibility as the first step in generating opportunity. By bringing together the diverse groups of the maritime industry, LNG Marine Fuel Institute connects them through a shared interest, a noble cause, of cleaner energy use.

观点

| OPINION

We view the sharing of responsibility as the first step in generating opportunity 我们将共担责任视为创造机会的第一步

航运从业者需齐心协力实现绿色航运

液化天然气（以下简称LNG）船用燃料机构已深刻认识到绿色航运时代的到来。

在有关航运业对公共健康和环境影响的科学和社会研究成果的推动下，一系列新政已逐步付诸实施，使得绿色航运成为该行业最热门的议题之一。

例如，国际海运组织（IMO）经过审慎考虑，计划从2020年开始实施硫排放上限，以求降低全球航运业有害硫排放的危害。在亚太地区，最近一项政策变化发生在中国：中国政府于今年1月扩大了其国内排放控制区（本刊上月专栏中也对此进行了报道）。

香港一个由高校、政府和独立政策研究者组成的研究团队表示，无论在中国内地还是香港，针对船只排放情况进行科学研究，对于推动业内的自觉减排行动以及政府控排意见的出台都起到了不可或缺的作用。尽管如此，应如何制定、管理和执行这些航运业减排新政，许多人对此仍存有疑虑。

去年，IMO和欧盟之间关系一度紧张，原因就是二者都希望能实施各自的减排措施。

出于上述考虑，双方正在积极争夺制定变革措施的权利。

作为联合国的专门机构，IMO积极支持政策变革，包括制定一系列的公约，并经成员国

WWW.ACBR.COM.AU

的批准，将这些公约进一步纳入成员国的国家法规中。

例如，澳大利亚通过1983年《海洋保护法（防止船舶污染法）》以及2012年《航海法》，使得IMO国际防止船舶造成污染公约（MARPOL）附录VI(旨在处理远洋船只的空气污染问题)中的内容得以实施。 2016年，由于认为IMO的减排措施进展缓慢且效果甚微，欧盟采取了相应的措施。

为了确保航运业遵守减排的承诺，欧盟建议，如果IMO无法确保在2021年前实现减排目标，则可考虑将航运排放也纳入欧盟《排污权交易计划》中。

这一动议遭到了IMO的强烈批评，其主要原因是IMO认为欧盟的此类干预行为会损害IMO的国际地位，由此阻碍减排运动的进一步开展。欧盟和IMO在船只排放监管权问题上的剑拔弩张，突显了在航运业实施和管理新政的难度之大。其难度在于，管理者不是来自单一的中心地区，而是来自众多不同的区域性、全球性、私营和公共部门。

我们则认为这种多样性并非劣势；由于多样性意味着需由众多参与者共担责任，多样性应该是航运业解决船只排放问题的关键优势之一。

基于上述理念，航运专家Daria Gritsenko 博士就业界应如何有效地进行排放治理管理给出了一些指导。

首先，应提高制度多样性，即应将市场化奖励机制、环境税、私人认证体系以及社会企业责任奖励机制等公私手段相结合，以使监管方式更加多元。其次，航运业应针对不同的船只部门有的放矢，区别对待。例如，游轮的排放情况与集装箱船就有所不同。要了解行业的多样性，就要认识到，根本不存在放之四海皆准的万能解决方案。第三，业内应鼓励较低层从业者对政策的实施情况进行监督和管控。也就是说港口国控制措施、港口奖励措施、审批和认证是治理过程中不可或缺的部分。总而言之，我们希望传达以下核心理念：要在航运业监管和促进变革，就应鼓励多元的从业者共同发展，共担责任，确保减排目标得以有效实现。 LNG船用燃料机构将共担责任视为创造机会的第一步。

推广使用更清洁的能源，是符合各类航运业组织利益的崇高事业，LNG船用燃料机构正是以此为切入点，为这些组织搭建携手并进的纽带。

2018年三月 | MARCH 2018

OPINION | 观点 Joseph Cheer Lecturer at the School of Languages, Literatures, Cultures and Linguistics Monash University 约瑟夫·齐尔（Joseph Cheer）莫纳什大学（Monash University）语言、文学、语言学和文化学院讲师

JOSEPH CHEER | 约瑟夫·齐尔

Australian foreign policy towards China must be geared more sensitively toward maintaining goodwill, cooperation and understanding

澳大利亚必须调整对中国的外交政策，致力于维护友好关系，发展双方合作，加深相互理解。

为何中澳友好关系是澳大利亚的国利民福

Why stronger ties with China are in our best interests IF the narrative in Chinese media is anything to go by, there is growing angst concerning Australia’s diplomatic language towards China and why confrontation and suspicion rather than cooperation seems to have intensified. China is lauded as Australia’s key trade relationship, and the country’s economic stability is heavily tied to it. It was once thought that when the United States sneezed, Australia would catch a cold. Now it seems that a sneezing China would have Australia contracting pneumonia. Recent criticism of Australian foreign policy towards China in mainstream Chinese media highlights a growing chorus seeking redress. This is coupled with recent official Chinese government pronouncements warning Chinese nationals in Australia to be vigilant with their personal safety. Many reliant on productive bilateral relations are concerned, especially the tourism industry; China is Australia’s largest source of inbound tourists. One of the enduring mainstream criticisms 36

AUSTRALIA CHINA BUSINESS REVIEW | 澳中商讯

regarding Chinese interventions is that the growth of Chinese investment in residential real estate is largely responsible for Australia’s housing affordability crisis. While this is true in a very limited number of locales, overall, such sentiments are misguided. Australia’s terms of trade with China emphasises that China remains the country’s pre-eminent trade partner. At the end of 2016, Australian exports to China were valued at around $60 billion – next was Japan at $26.34 billion. Australian imports from China were valued at $44 billion, more than double the United States, at $21 billion. At the end of 2016, Chinese investment in Australia (inclusive of Hong Kong) was valued at $196 billion. This is considerably smaller than that from the US ($877 billion), United Kingdom ($477 billion), Belgium ($270 billion) and Japan ($213 billion). However, a discernible shift is occurring, underlined by growing Asian investment, especially from China; from 2015-16 Chinese direct investment increased from $13.75 billion to $15.36 billion.

Tourism is a major plank in Australia’s cultural and trade relationship with China. When it comes to Chinese inbound tourism to Australia, from July 2016 to June 2017 more than 1.3 million Chinese visitors spent nearly $10 billion. This is expected to rise; Chinese visitation to Australia is forecast to be 1.6 million in 2018-19. Australia was one of the first to have achieved Approved Destination Status (ADS) in 1999. The conferral of ADS meant that Chinese travellers were encouraged to visit Australia and were given preferential treatment insofar as entry visas were concerned. Chinese inbound tourism is arguably a barometer of the Chinese economy and of Chinese attitudes, with Australia ranked as one of the most desired destinations. While Australia has mostly enjoyed broad Chinese admiration and goodwill, this is under some strain as Australia’s foreign policy position has become increasingly confrontational and inquisitorial. The links between Chinese foreign policy and Chinese outbound tourism are strong, as

若从中国媒体的字里行间揆情度理，不难发现中国人对中澳两国的关系正倍感焦虑。澳大利亚对中国的外交辞令，以及中澳之间日益加剧的对峙及质疑使得双方关系令人十分担忧。中国是澳大利亚至关重要的贸易伙伴，更是澳大利亚经济稳定发展的关键依托。

曾几何时，人们认为美国的一个“喷嚏”，会将“ 流感”传至澳大利亚。而如今，若中国打起“喷嚏”，澳大利亚似乎甚至会感染“肺炎”。近段时间内，澳大利亚对中国的外交政策招致了中国主流媒体的普遍批评。要求实施补救措施、挽回局面的呼声日益强烈。

此外，中国政府近日在其官方网站上发布公告，提醒在澳华人保持警惕，注意个人安全。因此，诸多仰仗于友好双边关系的产业均忧虑重重，其中又以旅游业首当其冲——澳大利亚境内游以中国旅客占比最高。

针对中国干涉澳大利亚内政的主流批评甚嚣尘上，许多人认为中国在澳洲房地产领域的投资日增月益，是澳大利亚住房支付能力危机的始作俑者。尽管这一情况在少数地区的确存在，但整体而言，此类言论实为秕言谬说。澳大利亚与中国的进出口交换比率更是明确表现出中国仍是澳洲的首要贸易伙伴。

2016年年底，澳大利亚对中国的总出口额约为 600亿澳元，其次是日本的263.4亿澳元。在进口领域，澳大利亚从中国的进口额为440亿澳元，超过了美国进口额210亿澳元的两倍。

而另一方面，2016年年底，中国（包含香港在内）的在澳投资金额共计1960亿澳元，远远不及美国（8770亿澳元）、英国（4770亿澳元）、比利时（2700亿澳元）、和日本（2130亿澳元）等国。但值得庆幸的是，投资形势正在好转。来自亚洲国家，尤其是中国的投资金额日益增长，在 2015-16年度，中国的直接投资金额从137.5亿澳元增长至153.6亿澳元。在中澳两国的文化及贸易关系中，旅游领域堪称支柱行业。

游客超过了130万人次，消费金额将近100亿澳元。这些数据仍有望继续增长，据预计，2018-19 年度赴澳旅行的中国游客将达到160万人次。早在1999年，澳大利亚就成为首批“获得批准的旅游目的地国家” （Approved Destination Status，ADS）。这意味着中国鼓励其公民前往澳大利亚，并且中国公民在申请入境签证时会获得优惠待遇。

来自中国的入境旅游可谓是中国经济和中国对外态度的晴雨表，而澳大利亚曾位列最受中国公民欢迎的旅游目的地之一。但遗憾的是，随着澳大利亚外交政策的对抗性和审判性日趋激烈，曾一度受益于中国的广泛青睐和友善态度的澳大利亚旅游业将面临沉重压力。中国的出境游形势与中国的外交政策密切相关，其最佳作证就是近期中国与韩国双边关系的紧张局势。

随着中韩两国的双边关系日渐僵化，前往韩国的中国游客数量大幅下跌。而如今，澳大利亚的旅游行业也意识到，同样的风险、同样的命运或将降临到澳大利亚这片土地。现在越来越多的中国大陆航空公司正在探索开发以澳大利亚为目的地的直接航线，但每况愈下的双边关系或将对该领域造成灾难性的影响。

在2017年10月举办的澳大利亚中国旅游论坛（Austrade China Tourism Mission）上，澳大利亚驻成都总领事林明皓先生（Christopher Lim）强调了中澳双边旅游关系的重要性，并指出旅游领域是中澳两国文化及贸易关系的支柱行业。

去年恰逢中澳旅游年，而澳大利亚亦不负众望，继续在中国出境游目的地排行中独占鳌头。中国的入境旅游，中国留学生，以及中国的在澳投资脉脉相通，并对“澳大利亚品牌”的吸引力颇具影响。

2016年7月至2017年6月，前往澳大利亚的中国

无论哪一方面遭到损害，都将在其他领域中引发严重后果。

evidenced during recent tensions in the China-South Korea bilateral relationship. Chinese inbound tourist arrivals to South Korea plummeted rapidly as bilateral relations soured. The Australian tourism industry is aware of the risks should it be made subject to a similar fate. As more mainland China airlines are looking to develop direct connections to Australia, compromised bilateral relations would be disastrous for the sector. At the Austrade China Tourism Mission in October 2017, Australia’s Consulate General in Chengdu, Christopher Lim, highlighted the importance of the Australia-China bilateral tourism relationship, citing that tourism is a major plank in Australia’s cultural and trade relationship with China. Last year coincided with the China-Australia Year of Tourism, where Australia maintained top billing throughout China as destination of the year. Indeed, links between Chinese inbound tourism, Chinese international students and Chinese investment in Australia are strong

and leverage the appeal of ‘brand Australia’. Undermining one can have serious ramifications elsewhere. This highlights good relations with China are in Australia’s interest, perhaps more so than it is in China’s. Australia isn’t the only country that has China as its major trading partner, and complacency can be ill-afforded. It reinforces that Australian foreign policy towards China must be geared more sensitively toward maintaining goodwill, cooperation and understanding. Contemporary China is a world apart from the China of the early 2000s, and even looking back to the 1990s and 1980s. There is puzzlement about Australia-China bilateral relations where sabre-rattling has become all too common. While the diplomatic discourse may vary from that in the popular media, there’s no mistaking the tone. The extent to which this filters down to the societal level remains unclear, but that this is a harbinger for popular sentiment deserves serious consideration.

WWW.ACBR.COM.AU

观点

| OPINION

相较而言，与中国发展良好关系更切合澳大利亚的利益，而非中国。澳大利亚并不是中国唯一的主要贸易伙伴，更无力承担自鸣得意带来的巨大损失。因此，澳大利亚必须调整对中国的外交政策，致力于维护友好关系，发展双边合作，加深相互理解。

当代中国是一个与上世纪80年代、90年代，甚至 21世纪初的中国截然不同的世界。

如今武力恫吓已成常态的中澳双边关系实在令人费解。尽管外交辞令或与媒体报道有所出入，但其中表现的态度是毋庸置疑的。社会层面因此而受到了何种程度的影响尚不得而知。但值得严肃探讨的是，这无疑是预示人心向背的先兆。这与我们在澳大利亚偏远地区的研究结果毫无二致。尽管这些小镇已经意识到中国游客为其带来了诸多经济优势，但针对中国的批评性言论却日益增加，人们对中国游客的态度亦日趋冷淡。

相较而言，50名中国游客的确比相同数量的美国、英国或新西兰游客更加引人注目。

毫无疑问，来自中国的入境旅游潜力非凡。而对于澳大利亚而言，作何选择尤为重要。是真诚待客，还是成为粗鲁或令人捉摸不透的东道主，澳大利亚必须谨言慎行。我们必须铭记：骄者必败。

约瑟夫·齐尔（Joseph Cheer）博士是2017-18 年度澳中理事会（Australia-China Council）和澳大利亚政府合作项目资助金的获得者。在此项资助下，莫纳什大学于2018年2月12日举办了专题研讨会： “城市之外：将中国游客分散至澳大利亚偏远地区” （Beyond the City: Dispersing Chinese Visitors into Regional Australia）。此次活动旨在研究中国入境游旅客如何对澳大利亚偏远地区做出更大贡献，支持当地经济持续并弹性发展。

This aligns with our research in regional Australia, where although townships are cognisant of the economic advantages of Chinese visitation, they’ve become more critical and unwelcoming as numbers rise rapidly. But, of course, 50 Chinese tourists in town will always appear so much more conspicuous than the equivalent number from the US, UK or New Zealand. The potential for Chinese inbound tourism is undoubted. However, whether Australia is seen as a congenial host or rowdy and unpredictable mate must be handled with care and sensitivity. We cannot afford to be complacent. Dr Joseph M. Cheer was the recipient of a grant through the Australia-China Council and the Australian government in 2017-18. With this, Monash University hosted the symposium Beyond the City: Dispersing Chinese Visitors into Regional Australia on February 12, 2018. The aim was to investigate how Chinese inbound tourism could make a larger contribution to sustainable and resilient economic development in regional Australia. 2018年三月 | MARCH 2018

OPINION | 观点

Danny Ng Lecturer, School of Business and Law Edith Cowan University

丹尼·吴（Danny Ng）伊迪斯科文大学（Edith Cowan University）商学及法学院讲师

Associate Professor Hadrian G. Djajadikerta Associate Dean Research, School of Business and Law Edith Cowan University

哈德良·伽伽迪卡达（Hadrian G. Djajadikerta）副教授伊迪斯科文大学（Edith Cowan University）商学及法学院副院长

Opportunities for Australian SMEs along Belt and Road CHINA’S ambitious Belt and Road Initiative could act as a vehicle for the entry of small and medium-sized Australian enterprises into various global markets that are part of the land and sea route. But this won’t be as easy as it sounds. Smaller businesses tend to be more inward-looking, they lack scale and have limited resources, vision and connections to capitalise on the opportunities on offer. It is likely the push into BRI’s global markets will require SMEs to consider some form of joint venture or collaboration with either Chinese counterparts or local businesses in a particular participating nation. There are also risks and challenges for SMEs in these types of cross-border projects, where having a good risk diversification strategy is essential. Accordingly, having the right network within the right industry in China that is part of BRI helps SMEs in their penetration into a new foreign market that, fascinatingly, could be in South Asia, Africa, or in any other BRI region. Australia is considered a late entry into BRI, having only recently expressed an interest. President Xi Jinping introduced the Belt and Road concept in 2013, an economic and foreign policy project that focuses on reviving the ancient Silk Road, which was the main trade route from China to Europe centuries ago. The plan is to have the Silk Road complemented by a new maritime Silk Road that starts from Guangzhou and Hong Kong and continues through the South China Sea, covering most of the Association of South-East Asian Nations, Sri Lanka, the Middle East and Africa. 38

AUSTRALIA CHINA BUSINESS REVIEW | 澳中商讯

BRI will connect three continents – Asia, Europe and Africa, covering a total of 3.2 billion people – almost 45 per cent of the world’s population. The strategy could support a revival of Chinese GDP and trade growth, and at the same time provide a chance for a growth spurt in the economies of participating nations. This may be achievable through the development of major economic corridors that link China with Mongolia, Russia, Central Asia, South Asia (Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh), West Asia (including the Middle East) and Europe. The connectivity of China with the BRI participating nations is expected to lead to an increase in infrastructure projects within these nations, especially in ‘logistical facilities’ that are a precursor to trade. According to data from management consulting firm McKinsey, more than 200 enterprises have signed cooperation agreements for projects along Belt and Road routes. BRI is a blueprint for China to explore cooperation with new economic partners. The nations covered in BRI are mostly emerging economies. Hence they could form more natural relations with China, as new destinations for both Chinese investment and exports. Some scholars have also suggested the vast underdeveloped region between the prosperous West European and East Asian economies, has the potential to become a new growth pillar of the world economy, creating markets for Australian exports and outward foreign direct investment. It is true many BRI projects are currently concentrated on the large-scale infrastructure sector.

However, as much as the expected benefits from BRI will not be as direct and current as they are for large organisations, many SME executives in Hong Kong, Singapore, and South-eastern Europe are convinced they too can seize the opportunities and play a part. Data from the Australian Small Business and Family Enterprise Ombudsman in 2015 showed there were 2,065,523 small businesses in Australia, and this accounted for 97 per cent of all businesses in the country. The remaining 3 per cent of companies were 51,000 medium-sized businesses, and 3,700 large businesses. The BRI concept has been floated for a few years now, but many businesses, especially SMEs, are still unclear of what it involves and whether there is a place for them in the BRI. That is not unexpected. Some analysts have also been less confident. There are also concerns about foreign ownership of key infrastructure. Nevertheless, irrespective of the various interpretations of BRI, it is likely here to stay. Australia is part of the global economy, and economically it has a tied relationship with China. It is therefore important to keep an eye on the progress of BRI and act accordingly with the right approach and attitude. Opportunities from BRI will eventually be diminished if companies and governments do not take advantage. Considering the scale of the participating nations, there is likely to be plenty of interest from competitors who are keen to grab the opportunities in BRI.

观点

| OPINION

It is therefore important to keep an eye on the progress of BRI and act accordingly with the right approach and attitude

因此，时刻关注“一带一路”倡议的进展，并通过正确的途径，以正确的态度采取相应措施，对澳大利亚而言尤为重要。

澳大利亚中小企业的藏宝图—”一带一路”

对澳大利亚的中小企业而言，中国雄心勃勃的“一带一路”倡议不失为绝好良机，更是进入沿线全球市场的契机。

（the Association of South-East Asian Nations）区域，斯里兰卡，以及中东地区和非洲。

较小规模的企业往往更关注自身，且在规模、资源、视野、及公关网等方面较为匮乏，因此即使面对近在咫尺的机会也难以把握，并不知如何充分利用。

该战略不仅能刺激中国的GDP和贸易增长，还能为各参与国提供经济急剧增长的机会。

然而这却是知之非难，行之不易。

因此中小企业需要考虑与中国企业或是某一国家的当地企业进行合作，或成立合资公司，从而顺利进入“一带一路”沿线的全球市场。

这些跨境项目固然能带来百年一遇的良机，但背后的风险亦不可小觑。所以筹谋划策，制定恰到好处的风险分散策略至关重要。此外，正确地选择“一带一路”倡议所囊括的行业，并建立起有效的关系网络亦能助力中小企业向未曾涉足的国外市场逐渐渗透，如南亚、非洲、或其他任何“一带一路” 沿线区域。

直到近期，澳大利亚才表现出对“一带一路” 倡议的兴趣，与其他响应“一带一路”倡议的国家相比，实在是有些迟了。早在2013年，中国国家主席习近平就提出了“一带一路”的概念，并指出这是一项兼顾经济和外交的政策，旨在重振旗鼓，复兴古老的“丝绸之路”。数百年前的中国正是凭借“丝绸之路”与欧洲进行贸易，互通有无。在此框架下，中国计划开辟一条全新的“ 海上丝绸之路”，始于广州和香港，途径中国南海，覆盖绝大多数东南亚国家联盟

WWW.ACBR.COM.AU

这份倡议将连接起亚欧非三大洲，荫庇32 亿人，为将近45%的全球人口带来福祉。

中国与蒙古国、俄罗斯、中亚、南亚（巴基斯坦、斯里兰卡、以及孟加拉国）、西亚（包括中东地区）、以及欧洲之间的主要经济走廊将蓬勃发展，使各国的经济增长如虎添翼。中国与“一带一路”参与国的紧密联系将有望为各国带来更多的基础设施建设项目。其中， “物流设施”作为达成贸易的必要先导行业，将尤为突出。据管理咨询公司麦肯锡（McKinsey）的数据表明，目前已有超过200家企业签订了“ 一带一路”沿线项目的合作协议。

该倡议是中国为探索新经济合作伙伴所勾画的蓝图。

多数参与国均为新兴经济体，因此能作为中国投资和出口的全新目的地而与其建立更为自然的联系。

此外，还有学者指出，西欧和东亚的经济体繁荣昌盛，而其间广袤的欠发达地区有望成为世界经济新的发展支柱，并为澳大利亚的出口行业和对外直接投资领域创造市场。

目前，多数“一带一路”项目集中于大规模的基础设施建设领域，这是无可辩驳的。尽管在直接性和及时性方面，中小企业从

该倡议中收获的裨益不及大规模组织，但许多香港、新加坡、以及欧洲东南部的中小企业执行总监都坚信公司能把握机会，大展身手。

2015年澳大利亚小企业及家族企业监察专员（the Australian Small Business and Family Enterprise Ombudsman）的数据显示，澳大利亚共有2,065,523家小企业，占全国企业总数的97%。剩余的3%则由51,000家中型企业和3,700 家大型企业组成。

自“一带一路”的概念首次提出以来，已有数年光景。但许多企业，尤其是中小型企业并未清楚地了解该倡议涉及的内容，以及企业能否在倡议中占有一席之地。这并非意料之外的情况。事实上，一些分析家亦踟蹰不前，对外资企业掌控关键基础设施项目颇为忧虑。

尽管对“一带一路”的解读众说纷纭，但作为全球经济的一部分，作为中国紧密的经济合作伙伴，澳大利亚仍有望加入其中。因此，时刻关注这份倡议的进展，并通过正确的途径，以正确的态度采取相应措施，对澳大利亚而言是重中之重的。

若企业和政府视若无睹， “一带一路”倡议创造的机会恐怕终将消逝。

考虑到参与国的规模之大，数量之多，范围之广，必将有无数竞争者渴望从“一带一路” 中攫取机会。

2018年三月 | MARCH 2018

OPINION | 观点 Lijun Yang Managing director Australian Mines Focus 杨利军澳大利亚矿业聚焦有限公司（Australian Mines Focus ）董事总经理

LIJUN YANG | 杨利军

储能行业风起云涌钴元素崭露头角

Cobalt charges into view CHINA’s electric vehicles boom is turning attention to cobalt, which is emerging as another star mineral alongside lithium. In 2016, more than 375,000 electric vehicles were manufactured in China, accounting for 43 per cent of global EV production worldwide, according to research by McKinsey & Company. With surging demand from electric vehicle makers adding to the cobalt needs of renewable energy industries worldwide, including power generating, grid, storage and charging, spot prices of cobalt doubled in 2017. International consulting group CRU was commissioned by global miner Glencore in December to research related metals markets, with its report showing that by 2030, global demand for cobalt is expected to increase by 314,000 tonnes. In 2017, the US Geological Survey estimated global cobalt resources at 25 million tonnes, with the mineable reserves estimated at 7mt. Global cobalt production was 123,000t in 2016. In November, China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association said it expected Chinese consumption to grow by 17.4 per cent to 54,000t in 2017, according to reports by global news agency Reuters. Because of the increasing demand, Chinese

AUSTRALIA CHINA BUSINESS REVIEW | 澳中商讯

battery manufacturers have been urged to find new sources of supply, with the country traditionally sourcing its cobalt from the Democratic Republic of Congo in central Africa. However, it is rare to see pure cobalt deposits, with most of cobalt production worldwide coming from by-products of copper and nickel. Cobalt resources are found mainly within sedimentary sand copper deposits, common in the DRC and Zambia, laterite nickel deposits, which are prevalent in in Australia, many island countries and Cuba, as well as mafic ultramafic volcanic sulfide deposits in Australia, Canada, Russia and the United States. Nearly half of the cobalt produced in DRC was from the Africa copper belt, which strikes from the old Katanga province in DRC across to Zambia. Annual production was 66,000t in 2016, and 40 per cent of that tonnage was produced by Glencore, China Molybdenum and Eurasian Natural Resources. Australia owns 15 per cent of the estimated mineable reserves and produced 5,100t in 2016, mainly from laterite nickel-cobalt deposits in Western Australia, Queensland and New South Wales. The main deposit types held by Australian mining companies include laterite nickel-co-

balt-scandium and sulfide copper-nickelcobalt. The first type, generally large scale but low grade, requires complex processing utilising a high-pressure acid leach system. The second is generally small in scale but high in grade, allowing for simpler processing. Many Australian mining companies are rushing into cobalt, such as Ardea Resources, Clean Teq Holdings, Australian Mines, Jervois Mining and Corazon Mining, which are exploration or near-production companies listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. Except for Corazon, the past 12 months have produced strong returns for shareholders. Australian Mines, which is expected to make a final investment decision on its Sconi cobalt-nickel-scandium project in Queensland by the middle of the year, was the leader of the bunch, with its stock rising by 1,037 per cent in the year to February 15, to trade at 9.1 cents. Jervois Mining also recorded a strong year, with its shares rising by 1,008 per cent over the same period, from 4.6 cents to 51 cents. Ardea Resources’ stock rose 364 per cent over the period, while the value of Clean Teq Holdings shares increased 71.6 per cent. Corazon’s shares fell 56 per cent over the period, from 3.9 cents to 1.7 cents.

观点

| OPINION

By 2030, global demand for cobalt is expected to increase by 314,000 tonnes 到2030年，全球的钴需求量预计将增长 31.4万吨。

中国的电动汽车行业逐渐将目光转向钴元素，钴矿正冉冉升起为矿产行业的一颗新星，与锂矿并驾齐驱。

麦肯锡公司（McKinsey & Company）的研究表明，2016年中国共生产了37.5万余辆电动汽车，占全球电动汽车产量的43%。一方面电动汽车制造行业对钴的需求猛增，另一方面钴元素亦是可再生能源行业不可或缺的资源，需求领域包括全球范围内的电力生产、电网、储能和充电设备等。因此，2017年钴的现货价格整整翻了一番。 12月，国际咨询集团CRU受全球矿业公司嘉能可（Glencore）的委托，对相关金属市场进行调查。调查结果表明，到2030年，全球的钴需求量预计将增长31.4万吨。 2017年，美国地质调查局（the US Geological Survey）的资料显示，全球的钴矿储量为2500万吨，其中可采储量约为 700万吨。 2016年全球的钴产量为12.3万吨。

根据路透社报道，去年11月，中国有色金属工业协会表示，2017年中国的用钴量有望增加17.4%，达到5.4万吨。一直以来，中国都从中非国家刚果进口钴元素。而现在随着钴的需求突飞猛涨，中国的电池制造商亟需寻找新的资源供应方。但是纯钴矿藏实属罕见。目前全球大部分钴都来自铜和镍的副产品。钴矿资源主要存在于三种矿石之中，包括 WWW.ACBR.COM.AU

集中分布于刚果和赞比亚的沉积沙铜矿床，普遍存在于澳大利亚、众多岛国、和古巴的红土型镍矿床，以及澳大利亚、加拿大、俄罗斯、和美国的镍铜硫化物矿床。

其中刚果生产的钴接近半数都来自非洲铜矿带，这一铜矿床带从刚果的老加丹加省（Katanga province）一直延伸至赞比亚。 2016年钴的年产量为6.6万吨，其中 40%都经由嘉能可公司、洛阳栾川钼业集团（China Molybdenum）以及欧亚自然资源集团（Eurasian Natural Resources）生产。

澳大利亚的可采钴矿储量占全球的15% 。2016年，澳大利亚共生产出5100吨钴，主要来自西澳州（Western Australia）、昆士兰州（Queensland）、和新南威尔士州（New South Wales）的红土型镍矿床。澳大利亚各矿业公司拥有的钴矿类型主要为红土镍钴钪矿床和含钴硫化铜镍矿床。红土镍钴钪矿床通常具备大型规模但质量较低，需要通过复杂的高压酸浸冶炼系统进行提炼生产。含钴硫化铜镍矿床则往往规模较小但质量较高，因此提炼生产过程较为简单。

随着钴元素的重要性日益凸显，许多澳大利亚的矿业公司纷纷涌入钴矿开采领域。正在进行钴矿开采作业或接近开采过程的澳交所上市公司包括Ardea资源公司（Ardea Resources），Clean Teq控股公司（ Clean Teq Holdings），澳大利亚矿

业公司（ Australian Mines），Jervois矿业公司（ Jervois Mining），和Corazon矿业公司（ Corazon Mining）等。除却Corazon公司之外，其他公司均在过去12个月内为公司持股人提供了强劲的回报。

其中，澳大利亚矿业公司可谓是该领域的佼佼者，截至2月15日，其股票价格在一年以内增长了1037%，交易价格达到9.1澳分。今年年中，澳大利亚矿业公司将对其位于昆士兰州的Sconi镍钴钪矿床项目作出最终的投资决策。

Jervois矿业公司的表现也同样坚挺，同期内股票价格增长了1008%，从4.6澳分增长至51澳分。 Ardea资源公司的股票价格亦增长了 364%，而Clean Teq控股公司则迎来了 71.6%的涨幅。

唯一表现不如人意的是Corazon公司，其股票价格以56%的跌幅从3.9澳分跌至1.7 澳分。 China is the world’s leader in electric vehicle manufacturing, driving surging demand for battery-making materials. Photo: Shutterstock 作为全球电动汽车制造领域的领头军，中国大力驱动电池制造原料的需求。照片来源：Shutterstock 2018年三月 | MARCH 2018

PROPERTY | 地产 ON THE MOVE Chinese New Year is a favoured time for consumers to go abroad and consider investing closer to Australian landmarks like Melbourne’s Chinatown. Photo: Shutterstock 行动起来春节是大批中国购房者出国考察房产投资的理想时机，他们更倾向于在靠近澳大利亚地标建筑附近的地段投资，像墨尔本唐人街等。照片来源：Shutterstock 根据国际房地产门户网站居外网的调查，超过四分之三的中国游客会考虑在2018年购买海外房产。

中国购房者推动澳大利亚房地产热

Australian property hot for Chinese buyers 本刊记者 : Staff reporter MORE than three quarters of Chinese travellers will consider buying property overseas in 2018, according to research by international property portal Juwai.com. Juwai recently released its Chinese Consumer International Travel Survey 2018, which indicated 92 per cent of Chinese consumers anticipated taking an overseas trip this year. Of those travelling consumers, Juwai said 77 per cent had property purchase intentions, with 60 per cent saying they would buy property, and 17 per cent would evaluate the possibility. However, Juwai said Chinese buyers liked to keep their options open when determining investment destinations. “Eighty-one per cent disclosed they have researched in two countries or more, with 56 per cent professing having spent more than a year on researching properties in the countries,” the report said. “Clearly, the Chinese are an astute and well-informed group of buyers who are not only meticulous, but also discerning enough to do their homework well in advance before finalising on a final investment destination.” The US was the top investment destination for respondents, followed by Australia and Asia. The consumer research followed a report released last month by global commercial property agency Knight Frank, which found that a third of Australian development sites sold in 2017 went to Chinese buyers. 42

AUSTRALIA CHINA BUSINESS REVIEW | 澳中商讯

Knight Frank said those transactions were collectively valued at more than $2 billion. Chinese buyers were most attracted to Victoria, making up 38.7 per cent of residential development site sales in the state. In New South Wales, 35.6 per cent of residential development sites were sold to Chinese in 2017, followed by 7.4 per cent in Queensland. Knight Frank head of residential research Michelle Ciesielski said the share of sales to Chinese buyers in Australia had tripled since 2013 but had decreased from the 38 per cent recorded in 2016. “Sustained developer interest in the Australian market has come in spite of government efforts in both Australia and China to tighten credit conditions as they relate to residential investment and development,” Ms Ciesielski said. “In Australia, the Australian Prudential Regulatory Authority has encouraged local financial institutions to impose stricter controls, while in China the government has attempted to moderate capital outflow with China’s central bank imposing new rules for companies which make yuan-dominated loans to overseas entities. “However, in mid-2017 this was relaxed somewhat, resulting in a boost to market confidence.” Ms Ciesielski cautioned that inquiries from Chinese investors for Australian development sites were likely to moderate in 2018, with lengthier due diligence expected for those established in the market, and new transactions by developers reliant on the ability to transfer funds out of China.

居外网也于近期发布了2018年中国消费者国际旅行调查报告，数据表明大约92％的中国消费者有今年出国旅游的计划。据居外网报道，在这些旅游消费者中，有77％表示有购房意向，有60％表示会购买房产，另有17％持观望态度。不过，居外网同时表示，中国买家在确定投资目的地时，更喜欢保留更多选择权。报告称， “有81％的人透露他们在两个或两个以上国家进行过考察，而另外56％的人表示，自己已经花了一年多时间考察这些国家的房产。”

“很显然，中国游客是一个精明而又信息灵通的购房群体，他们不仅细致周到，而且还有很强的辨识能力，在确定最终投资目的地之前，他们会提前做好各项功课。” 在受访人群中，美国是排名第一的房产投资目的地，澳大利亚、亚洲紧随其后。

在本次消费者调查报告之前，全球商业地产公司莱坊国际于上个月发布了一份报告。报告中称，2017年澳大利亚开发楼盘中有三分之一出售给了中国买家。据莱坊国际估算，这些房产交易总值超过了20亿美元。中国买家最为青睐的购房地区是维多利亚州，所购房产占该州住宅楼盘销售总量的 38.7％。

在新南威尔士州，这个比例为35.6%，而昆士兰州比例为7.4%。

莱坊国际住宅研究部门负责人米歇尔·切谢尔斯基（Michelle Ciesielski）表示，自2013年以来，中国买家购房数量在澳大利亚整体销售份额的占比增长了三倍，但相比2016年的 38％已略有下降。

“尽管澳大利亚和中国政府已经努力收紧了与住宅投资和建设相关的信贷条件，但对房地产开发商而言，对澳大利亚市场的持续关注仍在继续升温，”切谢尔斯基女士说道。

“在澳大利亚，澳大利亚审慎监管局鼓励本地金融机构实施更严格的管控，而在中国，政府也试图减缓资本流出，通过中国央行制定新规，来限制贷款公司对海外实体的投资。

“但是在2017年年中阶段，上述调控措施略有松动，使得房地产市场信心大增。”切谢尔斯基女士告诫说，在2018年，随着对市场已建楼盘审慎调查的延长，以及开发商对中国市场转出资本能力的依赖，中国建设投资者对澳大利亚开发楼盘的关注度可能会有所降低。

Quoin Head, Fitzgerald River National Park Near Hopetoun, Western Australia Photo: Tourism WA