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Chapter 2 Organizing and Graphing Data Section 2.1 2.1
Data in their original form are often too large and unmanageable. It is easier to make sense of grouped data than ungrouped data and easier to make decisions and draw conclusions using grouped data.
2.2
The relative frequency for a category is obtained by dividing the frequency of that category by the sum of the frequencies of all categories. The percentage for a category is obtained by multiplying the relative frequency of that category by 100. Example 2−2 in the text is an example which shows how relative frequencies and percentages are calculated.
2.3
a. and b.
Category A B C
Frequency 8 8 14
Relative Frequency 8/30 = .267 8/30 = .267 14/30 = .467
Percentage 26.7 26.7 46.7
c. 26.7 % of the elements in this sample belong to category B. d. 22/30 = 73.3% of the elements in this sample belong to category A or C. e.
2.4
a. and b.
Category
Frequency
Y N D
23 13 4
Relative Frequency 23/40 = .575 13/40 = .325 4/40 = .100
c. 57.5% of the elements belong to category Y. d. 17/40 = 42.5% of the elements belong to categories N or D.
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Percentage 57.5 32.5 10.0