The Good Egg Guide to Child Seat Safety

Your complete guide to

child car seat safety

www.goodeggcarsafety.com

For information on child seats and details of our FREE Community Check events, visit us online at: goodeggcarsafety.com goodeggsafety National Accredited Child Seat Training Programme for professionals... childcarseatsafetytraining.com

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Welcome As a parent, grandparent or carer it can be exhausting looking after children; especially trying to keep them safe from harm.

One of the most important decisions we will ever make, is what child car seat to buy. It’s a vital piece of safety equipment designed to keep children safer in a collision.

We may only get one chance to get this right.

Around two thirds of child car seats in Great Britain have fitting errors and major errors in some regions have doubled since the pandemic; placing vulnerable little passengers at extreme risk in a collision.1 So, thank you for taking the time to read this guide.

It’s written just for you, to help you make the safest seat choice for your child.

The Good Egg Safety team 1 Source: Good Egg Safety Child Seat Checks 2023

Contents Welcome

p. 2-3

Real life Facts & choosing seats Child car seat regulations Before you buy

p. 4 p. 5-7 p. 8-9 p. 10

The seats...

Seats for babies

p. 11-16

Seats for toddlers

p. 17-21

Seats for older children

p. 22-23

The Law Common fitting errors Items in the car Our Good Egg mission Further support

p. 24-25 p. 26-27 p. 28 p. 29-30 p. 31

Seat buying checklist

p. 32

It’s a miracle she’s still alive Mum-of-two Pauline Thomson had a terrifying reality check when she failed to put her daughter in a car seat.

“I was driving my mum home,” remembers Pauline. “As it was only a short trip, my mum sat in the back of the car with my six-month-old daughter Leona on her knee. It was just a two-minute drive to her house, so I thought it would be alright. But as our car stopped to turn right, another car hit us.

Leona was catapulted from the car. She went straight through the glass in the rear side window and landed on the pavement. A passer-by mistook her for a doll, so he just picked her up and left her on the bonnet of our car.

Lucky isn’t the word for it – it was a miracle she survived.

My mistake almost had fatal consequences for us. It doesn’t matter how much a car seat costs, you can’t replace a child – and a properly-fitted car seat could save your child’s life.”

Choosing the right seat

THE GOOD EGG GUIDE TO IN-CAR CHILD SAFETY

The facts: Motor vehicle crashes are one of the leading causes of death and injury for children. More than 4,250 babies and children are killed or injured on our roads every year. 2

Why child seats are important The correct child seat, properly fitted, can help prevent or reduce the chance of injury or death in a collision.

At just 30 miles per hour, an unrestrained child would hit the front seat and anyone in it – with the force of a baby elephant.

They could seriously injure or kill other passengers as well as themselves.

An unrestrained child can be killed in an impact at speeds as low as 5 miles per hour. 3

This guide has been split into 5 easy to follow sections:

Babies and young children are up to 95% safer when rear-facing in a car. 4

Toddler

2 Source: DfT Casualty Statistics - 10 year average, 2013-22 3 Source: Nordic Traffic Medicine Association 4 Source: RAC Foundation, 2005

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Baby

Child The Law Common Errors

Choosing the RIGHT child seat for your child Buying a child car seat can be really confusing because there are so many options to choose from. We’re here to make the process of selection easier for you.

On the following pages, we will help you navigate the regulations you need to know when buying a car seat.

Firstly, you need to know these three key facts: Your child must fit their seat properly Their child seat must fit your car and any other car it will be used in. Not all child seats will be suitable Both your child and car seat must be correctly restrained and fitted No-one loves your child as much as you do, so it’s worth giving seat selection your time, attention and investment.

Important...

Never buy a second-hand seat as it may have hidden damage from a collision or from being dropped, which is not visible. This can make it dangerous to use. View our video or scan QR code: youtu.be/YMCAbb-zmng

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THE GOOD EGG GUIDE TO IN-CAR CHILD SAFETY

Child car seat regulations In Great Britain children must use a child car seat up to the age of 12 or 135cm, whichever comes first. These must be approved to the United Nations (UN) regulations detailed below.

No other car seat can be legally used in GB. There are two different regulations governing child car seats which often cause confusion, because the law differs depending on which regulation your child seat is approved to.

A child seat: must be approved to UN Regulation No. 44.03 (R44.03) or No. 44.04 (R44.04); OR must be approved to UN Regulation No. 129 (R129) should be suitable for the child's age, height or weight should be correctly fitted according to the child seat manual and vehicle handbook/s instructions.

Please note: It’s easy to identify whether a car seat has been legally approved by checking the label on the seat. They will have a capital E in a circle and one of the regulations detailed above it.

See examples of regulation labels on page 31.

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Child car seat regulations - the key differences R44

R129

These seats have had front and rear impact tests, to a minimum standard

These seats have had front, rear and side impact testing which is mandatory

Categorised by groups (Group 0, 0+, 1, 2, 3)

No groups

By law, your baby can’t forward face until 9kg, which is approximately 10 months

Your baby can’t forward face until they are at least 15 months old and 76cms tall

The seat classification is based on age / weight

The seat classification is based on age / height

P-series dummies with 4 sensors are used in crash tests

Q-series dummies with up to 32 sensors are used in crash tests

It is important to always try a seat in the vehicle before purchase.

Important update: R44 child seat approvals ended in Europe in September 2023, preventing the sale of these child seats in European Union countries from 1st September 2024. Following Brexit, this did not apply to Great Britain and retailers are currently still legally allowed to sell them with no cut off date as yet. www.goodeggcarsafety.com

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THE GOOD EGG GUIDE TO IN-CAR CHILD SAFETY

Before you buy Do your research. Find out which seats perform best in crash tests. It’s worth paying a little extra to give your child the very best protection.

Before you go to a reputable child seat retailer ensure you have the weight, height and age of your child, as well as all vehicle details (make, model and year of registration).

Don’t buy seats online first. It’s essential you try any seat in your car(s) before purchase.

The only exception is an i-Size seat in an i-Size certified vehicle, which is designed to fit.

The child seat retail advisor should ask you some key questions in order to give you the best advice.

In undercover tests with Which? we found that vital questions were missed. It’s essential these are asked.

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Download our FREE retailer checklist and take it with you before you buy. It’ll guide you through the questions they should be asking you. If they don’t ask them…take your custom elsewhere!

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As a community interest company, we have no vested interests other than your child’s safety.

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REMEMBER - Do not buy a seat until you’ve tried it in every car it will be used in, to make sure it fits.

Watch out for Flying hazards

A beautiful little girl was rushed to hospital with serious head injuries, after the car she was travelling in was involved in a collision.

Although she was correctly restrained in her seat, her buggy which was stored in the boot without a parcel shelf, flew forward and landed on her, fracturing her skull.

Always place loose objects safely in your boot.

Baby seats

THE GOOD EGG GUIDE TO IN-CAR CHILD SAFETY

Car seats for babies Combination or individual seats?

Here at Good Egg Safety, we are often asked whether it is better to buy a different seat for each stage of a child’s life or a combination seat – also known as a multi-group seat – which covers all stages and is adjusted as your child grows. Providing any seat you buy fits your child and car(s) correctly, it is down to your personal choice.

There are some excellent child seats which can safely take your baby rear facing from birth to four years and beyond. Some can be turned around into forward facing mode when your child is older and less vulnerable.

There are no specific groups within R129 so the age section is for guidance only.

Group

Child’s weight

Approx. age of child

Child’s height

0

Birth - 10 kg / 22 lb

Birth to 6 - 9 mths

40 - 75 cm

0+

Birth - 13 kg / 29 lb

Birth to 12 - 15 mths

40 - 85 cm

0+ & 1

Birth - 18 kg / 40 lb

Birth to 4 years

40 - 105 cm

0+, 1,2 & 3 Birth - 36 kg / 79 lb

Birth to 12 years

40 - 150 cm

*R44/04 seats 12

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*R129 seats

The importance of rear facing seats A young baby must be carried rear facing. This is the only safe option, and a legal requirement, as it reduces the strain on their head, neck and spine in a collision, as well as putting less force on their fragile bones and internal organs. By law, a baby using an R129 / i-Size seat must remain rear facing until a minimum of 15 months and a height of 76 cm.

The safest option is to keep your child rear facing until they are at least four years old.

We strongly caution against putting a 9 kg baby forward facing as this weight can be reached anywhere from 6 to 12 months and an infant of that age would be at serious risk of harm in a frontal crash, which is the most common type of collision.

The carry handle is a vital safety feature, as it acts as a rebound bar in a collision, so always keep it in the position specified by the car seat manufacturer when travelling.

Never put your baby’s rear-facing seat in the front where there is an active airbag. It’s illegal. They could be killed or seriously injured. www.goodeggcarsafety.com

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THE GOOD EGG GUIDE TO IN-CAR CHILD SAFETY

To give your baby the safest journey Select your child seat carefully.

There are only two ways to install a child seat into your car: Vehicle seat belt ISOFIX If fitted correctly, both are equally safe.

Unfortunately, the highest level of incorrect fitment we see at our Community Check Events, is with belt fitted seats; found in 79% of cases* ISOFIX seats and bases, reduce the margin for error because they have visual or audible indicators to let you know when your child seat is fitted correctly, which gives great peace of mind.

If you have two cars, you can buy one seat with two compatible bases to enable you to switch the seat easily between cars and save money.

If your car(s) have an underfloor storage compartment, you need to check first that the seat and vehicle manufacturers will allow an ISOFIX seat with a support leg. This is because it is designed to brace against a solid floor in a collision. If not, then an ISOFIX seat anchored by a top tether is a safe alternative. *Source: From 2663 checks in 2019

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Safety first To prevent breathing difficulties in younger babies: Ensure that your infant carrier is installed at the correct angle which gives enough recline for your baby’s head to remain back when they fall asleep.

Give them regular breaks by taking them out of their child seat. New-born babies (especially premature ones), need a break from their seat every 30 minutes.

Ideally, an adult should sit next to them in the rear, so that any problems can be immediately spotted.

Please note It’s important that a young baby isn’t left in an infant carrier for too long, even when you aren’t travelling. Don’t be tempted to leave them sleeping in their seat when you visit shops, friends or inside your own home, as this can also cause breathing problems.

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THE GOOD EGG GUIDE TO IN-CAR CHILD SAFETY

Make every journey safer Once you’ve bought the right car seat for your child and you’re confident that it’s correctly fitted, you’re nearly there! The final hurdle is making sure that your child is safely secured in their seat.

So, before you set off – even if it’s only a short journey – ask yourself these questions: Is the harness at the right height?

For rear facing, the harness should be level with the baby’s shoulders or just below.* Are the harness and seat belt straight?

If they’re twisted, it can be difficult to tighten them properly. Most importantly, they will not distribute the force of a collision effectively, which is dangerous.

Is your child’s harness fitted snugly?

You should only be able to fit two flat fingers between the harness and your child’s collarbone.

If it is too loose, your child could be ejected from their seat in a crash.

Is your child wearing bulky clothes or coats?

You must take them off before they go in their seat. In a collision, padded clothing will compress and they can be thrown out of their seat. *Always check your child seat manufacturers instructions

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Being properly restrained saved little Brooke’s life Little Brooke was travelling in her car, when it skidded violently out of control. The car mounted a verge, flipped on its side and careered across the road and the impact of the crash badly damaged the car.

The driver’s door was jammed shut and her daddy, Tom, had to climb out of his window to reach her. He remembers: “I yanked Brooke’s door open, but as soon as I picked her up, she started giggling.

I was completely shocked.”

Incredibly, baby Brooke – who was strapped into her child seat in the back of the car – was completely unharmed.

“She didn't have a single scratch on her,” says Tom. “Buying a child car seat and correctly fitting it was the best investment we’ve ever made. It definitely saved our daughter’s life.”

Toddler seats

THE GOOD EGG GUIDE TO IN-CAR CHILD SAFETY

Car seats for toddlers Once your child becomes a toddler, it is still vital to keep them securely strapped in an appropriate seat. The longer you continue to keep your child rear facing the better; up to at least four years old.

This is because a rear facing seat protects their head, neck and spine and reduces the risk of serious injuries which can occur with forward facing seats. Neck injuries of this type can be painful for an adult but for a young child who is not yet fully developed, it can be devastating.

If you originally bought an infant carrier, don’t be tempted to replace it until your vulnerable little passenger has reached the maximum height or weight specified by the manufacturer.

We see too many babies who have been moved into forward facing seats before they are ready – meaning they have less protection and are at greater risk of injury.

There are no specific groups within R129 so the age section is for guidance only.

Group

Child’s weight

Approx. age of child

Child’s height

1

9 - 18 kg / 20 - 40 lb

9 mths to 4 years

76 - 105 cm

1&2

9 - 25 kg / 20 - 55 lb

9 mths to 6 years

76 - 125 cm

1,2 & 3

9 - 36 kg / 20 - 79 lb

9 mths to 12 years

76 - 150 cm

*R44/04 seats 18

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*R129 seats

Choose the perfect seat There are several great options available for toddlers: Extended rear facing (which we recommend) Combination seats – which can be switched to forward facing when they are older 3-in-1 seats – which can be used rear facing, then converted to forward facing, and then into a high backed booster seat Children should remain in their child seats until they reach the maximum weight or height limit specified on their seat.

It’s essential to check your vehicle handbook first to find out which positions are suitable for each type of child car seat. If the handbook allows you to; the middle of the rear seat or behind the passenger seat are regarded as the safest positions.

Ask your retailer to check the child seat manufacturer’s vehicle fitting list before purchase and always try the seat in your car(s) first. Not all child seats will fit your car, unless it’s an i-Size seat in an i-Size certified vehicle.

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THE GOOD EGG GUIDE TO IN-CAR CHILD SAFETY

Car seats for older toddlers It is important to keep your older toddler in their child seat until they reach the maximum height or weight specified by the seat manufacturer. Moving children on to the next seat too soon can be dangerous.

A ‘step up’ in child seats, can be a significant step down in safety.

Some children can reach the height/weight limit quicker than average, so age is also an important factor. While you can legally transition your child to a high back booster (R44) from 15kg (average three years old), we strongly caution against it.

Before the age of four, the bones in their hips and pelvis may not be developed enough to withstand the impact of a collision.

The second phase of R129 seats, introduced in June 2017, brought stricter safety standards for high back booster seats.

All new R129 booster seats manufactured from this time, are ONLY to be used by children who are at least 100cm – the average height for a four-year-old.

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Car seats from the age of 4 to 12 Once your child has reached the maximum height / weight of their existing seat, and are over the age of four, they can more safely transition into a high back booster, if that is what you prefer.

High back boosters are significantly safer than booster cushions because they provide vital head and neck protection. A recent Which? survey found that a third of parents thought both types of seats were equally safe. That is not the case. Watch their short video here: https://youtu.be/pMeSzfPcu9U Legally a child can stop using their booster seat once they reach either 135cm or the age of twelve, whichever is soonest. Sadly we see many children who are 135cm with the vehicle belt across their neck and tummy, not their chest and hips. In a collision, they could suffer serious abdominal injuries.

See our checklist on page 23 before using an adult belt.

There are no specific groups within R129 so the age section is for guidance only.

Group

Child’s weight

Approx. age of child

Child’s height

2&3

15 - 36 kg / 33 - 79 lb

4 to 12 years

100 - 150 cm

*R44/04 seats

*R129 seats www.goodeggcarsafety.com

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The benefits of high back booster seats Why high back booster seats are ideal: They lift children up so that the adult seat belt fits them safely They have deeply padded side wings which provide side-impact protection Some models connect to ISOFIX. This provides additional crash protection, keeping the seat restrained when not in use You can adjust the height of the high back booster as your child grows, which also positions the seat belt correctly Always remember... when the child seat is not in use, make sure it is secured before you travel. In a collision at only thirty miles per hour, the weight of an unrestrained seat will become the equivalent of a washing maching landing on top of you!

Never carry a child on your lap or put more than one person in a seat belt.

Older children

Car safety for older children and ‘tweens’ While children can legally use an adult seat belt from the age of 12 or 135cm in height, it is only safe to do so if their seat belt fits them properly.

You can check it’s safe for them to use the vehicle seat belt once they meet all of the following criteria: They can sit with their back flat against the vehicle seat.

Their knees bend over the edge of the seat.

Both feet are flat firmly on the floor.

The lap part of the belt is on their hips, not their abdomen.

The shoulder belt runs from their hip, across their chest and over their shoulder. If fitted with height adjusters, the diagonal strap should lie centrally over their shoulder and away from their neck.

If they do not meet all of the above, then they should continue using a high back booster seat until they can safely use a vehicle seat belt on it’s own. www.goodeggcarsafety.com

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THE GOOD EGG GUIDE TO IN-CAR CHILD SAFETY

What the law says The law can seem complicated, so the best way to stay on the right side of it is to use the most appropriate restraint for everyone travelling in the car.

Penalties

If you don’t adhere to the law you will: Be liable to prosecution if any child under 14 is in your car and not using a correct child restraint or seat belt.

If over 14, they will be liable for themselves.

Be served a monetary fixed penalty or possibly penalty points if a child is found to be unrestrained.

In addition to seat belt legislation, the law also provides for those who are deemed to be carrying passengers in a dangerous manner. This is a much more serious offence and carries a fine of up to £2,500 and three penalty points.

For additional advice visit www.goodeggcarsafety.com/askanexpert 24

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The law in brief A guide to your responsibility as a driver Who’s involved?

Sitting in the front seat

Sitting in the rear seat

Whose responsibility?

Driver

Seat belt MUST be worn if fitted.

Driver

Child under 3 years of age.

Correct child restraint must be used.

Correct child restraint MUST If one is not available in a taxi, they may travel unrestrained. be used.

Driver

Child from 3rd birthday up to 135cms in height (4ft 5ins) or 12th birthday whichever they reach first.

Correct child restraint must be used where Correct child restraint MUST seat belt is fitted. Can only use adult seat belt if correct child restraint is not available: be used.

Driver

Child aged 12 or 13, or over 135cms in height.

Seat belt MUST Seat belt must be worn if fitted. be worn if fitted.

- In a licensed taxi/private hire vehicle - for a short distance in an unexpected necessity.

- if two occupied child restraints prevent fitting a third.

Passengers aged Seat belt MUST Seat belt must be worn if fitted.

14-years-old and over. be worn if fitted.

Driver Passenger

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THE GOOD EGG GUIDE TO IN-CAR CHILD SAFETY

Common fitting errors Padded clothing and swaddling Many parents are horrified when they find out the danger their children are in when wearing thick padded clothing or being swaddled in blankets when they’re travelling. Thick clothing will compress making it virtually impossible to pull the harness tight enough to keep them securely restrained in a collision, where they could be thrown out of their seat.

Harness height Harness straps must be*: Level with or just below the child’s shoulders when rear facing.

Level with or just above the child’s shoulders when forward facing.

Tight enough to only enable you to insert two fingers flat between the harness and the child’s collarbone. *Always refer to the child seat manufacturer’s manual.

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Seat belt routing Too many of the child seats we check have incorrect belt routing, which is a serious issue. To ensure it’s correctly secured to your car, please check your child seat manual for instructions. Many seats have colour codes on them to help you identify which way they must face. BLUE for rear facing and RED for forward facing on R44 seats.

For R129 seats, the belt guides will be GREEN. If it isn’t correctly routed, then it’s not safe.

Twisted harnesses If your child’s harness is twisted, it may not work effectively in the event of a collision. In fact it might not work at all.

It’s essential to double check that all straps are flat.

Booster seat errors The vehicle headrest can cause a number of problems. It may push the child seat forward, creating a gap, meaning that you can’t install it securely in the vehicle. Another error is to put the vehicle headrest over the top of the car seat, pinning it down. Remove any head rest which affects the safe fitment of the child seat. www.goodeggcarsafety.com

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THE GOOD EGG GUIDE TO IN-CAR CHILD SAFETY

Things to be aware of...

At Good Egg Safety, we sadly hear many horror stories about children who’ve sustained serious injuries which could have been prevented.

Unsecured items can also seriously injure children in a collision. Although a bag or phone may not weigh much, their weight multiplies substantially through the force of a crash.

This can result in serious harm to babies, children or any other passengers.

Another cause of injury can occur through the use of some car seat accessories. One little girl was flung out of her seat due to her sheepskin seat belt strap cover.

The Baby Products Association recommends that only products supplied or recommended by the car seat manufacturer should be used with the car seat.

Please note: non-approved accessories could potentially invalidate your child seat manufacturer warranty.

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Important...

If you’re involved in a collision over 6mph, then it’s essential any child car seats are replaced, in addition to any vehicle seat belts that were in use at the time.

Good insurance companies should do that automatically, so check your policy covers this.

Good Egg Safety’s fight to raise standards It’s a constant source of intense frustration for us that many leading online retailers (those without physical premises) are not providing shoppers with the best advice and support in relation to the safest child car seat options. Nor do they provide the opportunity to check a child seat in your car(s) before purchase.

We were made aware of major online sites like Amazon who had listings of an illegal £8 child seat which literally disintegrated in crash tests at only 30mph.

We hope that makes you as angry as it does us.

Babies and children deserve to sit safely in their child seats and they rely on us adults to protect them.

Give your business to a retailer whose first priority is your child’s safety. You may pay a little more for this vital service but we’re sure you’ll agree that your child deserves it.

At Good Egg Safety we will continue pushing all retailers to raise their standards.

In the meantime the best thing you can do is explore the safest options for your child – and come to us whenever you need a little extra support. We provide expert video consultations for a small fee. www.goodeggcarsafety.com www.goodeggcarsafety.com

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THE GOOD EGG GUIDE TO IN-CAR CHILD SAFETY

The right advice saves lives Europe’s largest independently owned car retailer and sponsor of Good Egg Safety.

At Arnold Clark, we have a responsibility to ensure that everybody, from families to new drivers, stays safe when they’re on the road. Safety is a top priority in the automotive industry, and as a leading car retailer, it is our priority, too.

Since 2001, we’ve supported the Good Egg Safety programme, which works tirelessly to promote child in-car safety and educate parents on the importance of correctly-fitted child seats.

They also offer indispensible safety advice for new drivers who are just starting out behind the wheel.

The Good Egg guide is an essential and practical source of advice for all parents of both young children and new drivers, and Arnold Clark is proud to recommend it.

Eddie Hawthorne, Chief Executive and Group Managing Director

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Example of regulation labels Example of R44 label with mandatory information

UNIVERSAL

9 - 18 kg Y

E11 04####

Example of R129 label with mandatory information

SEMI-UNIVERSAL Weight suitability Y indicates presence of a crotch strap

approved. (number = country)

Approval number (04 indcates the series of amendment - in this case R4/04)

Weight suitability and size suitability

15 - 36 kg

E11

approved. (number = country)

04####

i-Size universal ISOFIX 76cm - 105cm / < 19.5kg i-Size Booster Seat 100cm - 135cm

E11 03####

UN Regulation No. 129/03

Approval number (03 indicates the series of amendment)

Mandatory reference to R129 regulation

NOTE: It is not mandatory to reference the R44/04 regulation, although this is commonly found on labels.

Kindly provided with permission from the Baby Products Association

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GES24

Seat buying checklist Check the weight (kg and lbs) and height (m and cms) of your child Research which seats are suitable for your child and every car they will be used in Buy from a physical shop, not online, unless they are a specialist and offer additional support Ask a trained member of staff to help you select the right seat for your child and vehicles Ensure the adviser guides you through the fitting process Select a seat which has simple and clear fitting instructions NEVER buy a second hand seat Only buy a seat which carries the UN Regulation No. 44 and UN Regulation No. 129 marks Always read the child seat and vehicle manufacturer’s instructions and follow them completely For further information please visit: www.goodeggcarsafety.com While every endeavour has been made to ensure the information contained within this guide is accurate, Good Egg Safety accepts no responsibility for any omissions or errors. Good Egg Safety CIC © 2024

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