DV26-08 by Thomas Winn

Comforting wisdom for life

ESdyfeif;&cufaom oif\pdwfudk qHk;ravmh

Control Your Mind

Nidrf;csrf;OD; 'kEéd*¾[ó v[kaem -,w¬ u mred y gwd a em/ pdwåó 'raxm ok"k -pdwåH 'EÅH okcg0[H/

(35)

ESdyfeif;EkdifcJxaom vsifjrefaom? jzpfjcif;csKyfjcif;&Sdx aom trSwfr&Sdaom umr*kPftm½Hkü usavh&Sdxaompdwfudk qHk;roltm; aumif;\/ ,Ofaus;NyD;aom pdwfonf csrf;omudk aqmif & G u f w wf \ / *gxm(35) pdwftvdkudkodaom 'g,dumrBuD;(rmwdum rmwm) 'k E é d * ¾ [ óv[k a em tp&S d a om þ"r® a 'oemawmf u d k jrwfpGmbk&m;onf om0wd¬jynfaZw0efausmi;fawmfü udef;atmif;pH y,fawmfrlpOf trsKd;trnfrxif&Sm;aom tnw&&[ef;wpfyg;udk taMumif;jyKía[mMum;awmfrl\/ aumovrif ; BuD ; \ Ek d i f i H a wmf t wG i f ; awmif a jc&if ; ü

q&mBuD;OD;a&Tatmif \ tjrifrsm;ajymif;vJjcif; ESifh tawG;tjrifpmpkrsm;rS jrwfpGmbk&m;onf twåudk y,fowf&ef ta&;tBuD;qHk; xm;í a[mMum; awmfr\ l / xdo k Ykd a[mMum; awmfrl&mü cP owfjcif;? ]w'*F y[mef} vnf; yg\/ tawmf MumMum owfjcif; ]0dur© eÇ y[mef} vnf;yg\/ jrpfjywfowfjcif; ]orkapä'y[mef} vnf;yg\/ twåukd cPowfEidk v f Qif rdrd\ tkyfpkudk cspfae&mrS EkdifiHom; tm;vH;k udk cspfwwfvm \/ tawmf MumMum owfEkdifvQif rdrd\ EkdifiHom; tm;vHk;udk cspfae&mrS urÇmvlom; tm;vHk;udk cspfwwfvm\/ jrpfjywf owfEidk f vQirf l urÇmvlom; tm;vH;k udk cspf a e&mrS avmuoH k ; yg;&S d vl ewfjA[®m owå0gtm;vH;k udk cspfwwf vm\/ Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ; jyKpk w if j yonf /

Dunniggahassa lahuno - yattha ka-ma nipatino Cittasa damatho sa-dhu . . . - cittam dantam sukhavaham (35) The mind is difficult to control; swiftly and lightly, it move and lands wherever it pleases. It is good to tame the mind, for a well-tamed mind brings happiness. (35) The lady mind reader (Matika Ma-ta) While residing at the Jetavana monastery, the Buddha uttered Verse (35) of the Suttanta Pitaka, khuddaka Nika-ya, DHAMMAPADA (The Highly Treasured book), with reference to a certain bhikkhu. Once, sixty bhikkhus, after each obtaining a subject of meditation from the Buddha, went to a village at the foot of a mountain.

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Address Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon. Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon. Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

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EDITORIAL

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WE LIVE WITH DHAMMA KNOWLEDGE

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rdrdxufyif? *kPfBuD;vQif? toif½dkaoyg/ BuD;oludkvnf;? ½dkaoNrJ? rSwfpGJoihf0efwm/ ½dkaocJhvQif? oihfudkyif? vl&SifcsD;rGrf;&m/ In whom lust hatred, pride, b0aemif a &;? aumif ; usd K ;ay;? arQmf a wG ; direction are fallen off like a mustard seed BuD;yGm;csrf;omvdkolwdkif;rSm&Sd&rnhf (22) oifvkdufem/ ck a jrmuf t&nf t csif ; -r*FvmhtjrLaw/ from the point of a needle, him I call a brahmana. (22) *g&a0gp pum;ajy/ / rkefn§if;aphonf pl;zsm;rS ½dkaoxdkufolwdkYudk ½dkaojcif; uav;wdkYa&... avQ m us b o d uJ o h Ykd wyfruf&m* rsuaf 'goESifh ½dak oxdu k o f u l kd t½dt k aoay;Edik f vlqdkwm udk,hfxuf toufBuD;ol? rme0ihf<um;olrsm; *kPfodef csKd;ESdrfvGwfuif; jcif;onfvnf; BuD;yGm;csrf;omvdkolwdkif;rSm *kPfBuD;oludk t½dktaoay;&w,f? ae&ay;& &S d x m;&rnh f t&nf t csif ; aumif ; wpf c k w,f? OD;pm;ay;&w,fuG,hf/ udk,hfxuftouf usqif;NyD;aomolukd jAm[®P[k igbk&m; rdefYMum;awmfrl\/ (=r*Fvm wpfyg;) jzpfonf/ eJY *kPBf u;D wJo h al wGukd r½drk aovky&f if? txif ]]ay;urf;jcif;onf atmifjrif&m}} ao;&if? raxmufxm; riJhn§m&if trsdK;,kwf uav;wdw Yk pfawG b,favmufynmwwfwwf? qdo k nft h wkid ;f 'ger*Fvmt& ay;urf;pGeBYf uJ wwfw,f/ atmufwef;aemufwef;uswJh trsdK; b,f a vmuf ½ k y f a csmacsm? b,f a vmuf olukd rnfou l rQ rrke;f onht f jyif xdak y;urf; tEG,af wGrmS jzpfwwfw,fu, G /fh Opömaygayg? b,favmuftmPm&S&d dS Bu;D olukd pG e f Y B uJ o l t ay: apwemarwå m xm;NyD ; bk&m;a[m ZmwfawmfwpfckrSm qif ½dak oav;pm; ae&may;Mu&r,faemf/ cspfcifrIyif wdk;yGm;vm\/ tajctaeay; &,f? cgiSu&f ,f? arsmuf&,f 'Do;kH OD;&Sw d t hJ euf (22) onht f cg wwfEikd o f nhb f ufu jyefítul cgiSuu f taumifi,fayr,hf touftBu;D qH;k r*Fvm r*Fvm? tnD a y;\/ þonf r S m yd k u f q H u k e f r S jzpfaevdYk taumifBu;D wJh arsmufeq 38 jzm r*Fvm/ YJ ifu cgiSuf udk,fydkifypönf;wpfckck udk pGev Yf w T v f u dk &f rS udk ½dk½dkaoaoqufqHMuowJh/ cgiSufuvnf; 22- rSm a[mñTeMf um;? &aomtusKd ;aus;Zl;jzpf\/ toufBu;D wJt h avsmuf t½dt k aocHxu kd af tmif *g&a0gp r*Fvmw&m;/ t½d k t aoay;jcif ; um; yd k u f q H aeowJh/ 'geJY olwdkYaoMuwJhtcg ewfjynfudk oufç *kPEf pS yf g; Bu;D ol[m? ukefrS? udk,fydkifypönf;wpfckckudk pGefYvTwf a&mufMuowJhuG,f/ ½dak oxdu k w f hJ olawGyg/ vku d &f rS &Edik o f nhf ukov kd rf [kw?f ydu k q f H uav;wdkYa&.. ]]BuD;oludk ½dkao? [dak &S;tcg qifç cgç arsmuf? ruk e f ç ypö n f ; rpG e f Y &bJ rd r d p d w f y gvQif &G , f w l u d k a v;pm;? i,f o l u d k o em;}} ½dak oMuvdYk ewfjynfa&muf/ tvG , f w ul & Ed k i f a om ]]typm,e}} qdw k t hJ wkid ;f vlBu;D eJv Y il ,f? txufvel YJ atmufvl usKd ;Ny;D ajrmufzYkd nDri,f? ukov kd rf sKd ;jzpf\/ 'geu ydu k q f H uke\ f / *g&0 tcsif ; csif ; tjyef t vS e f ½d k a o av;pm; Bu;D i,fcsi;f csi;f ½dak ouG,/f u ydu k q f rH uke/f 'geESifh *g&0 (odrYk [kw)f tod t rS w f j yKwm[m vl r I q uf q H a &; Bu;D i,fcsi;f csi;f ½dak orS? tvSLay;jcif;ESihf t½dt k aoay;jcif; [laom aumif;rGerf u I kd tifrwef taxmuftuljyKwmrdYk ud, k pf w d cf sr;f om &r,fy/ (22) Ga- ravo ca Give Respect to Monks, Parents, Elders, Teachers, Old persons must be respected

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf "r®0de, tvif;a&mifxdefvif;ap&ef jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/ pdwf"mwfuszdkY rvdkygbl;/ 'Db0rSm udk,fod oavmuf tm;xkwfxm;&r,f/ bmrSr&cif uwnf;u tm;xkwfusihfBuH? &NyD;awmhvJ usiBfh ut H m;xkwrf u I kd rpGe&Yf ygbl;/ qufvufNy;D tm;xkwaf e&ygvm;vdYk wynhaf wmf odvu dk &f ygw,f/ 'Db0rSm bmrSrodvu dk &f ifawmif aemif b0twGuf todÓPfpu kd yf sKd ;Ny;D jzpfr,fxifyg&JU/ wynhfawmfwdkY&JUjrwfpGmbk&m;[m av;oacseF u YJ rÇmwpfoed ;f yg&rDawmf jznhu f sifh cJhw,f/ od'¨w¬b0rSm yg&rDjznhfawmhvnf; bk&m;jzpfzdkY ajcmufESpfwdwd tm;xkwfcJh&jyef w,f/ bk&m;jzpfawmh rdrt d m;xkwcf w hJ ehJ nf;awG udk owå0gawG tm;xkwfEdkifzdkY aeY? nrtm; a[mawmfrlcJhw,f/ tcsdefenf;enf;&wmeJY psmeformywf0ifpm;NyD; BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI&JU toD ; tyG i f h u d k cH p m;aexk d i f a wmf r l w ,f / tJ ' guawmh at;csrf ; rI e J Y aexk d i f w myJ r[kwv f m;/ &[EÅmawGvnf; r&ciftm;xkwf w,f/ w&m;odNyD;awmhvnf; qufvufNyD; w&m;oabmtwk d i f ; aexk d i f M uwmyg/ bk & m;jzpf N yD ; ? &[EÅ m jzpf N yD ; ol a wG a wmif usih f B uH t m;xk w f r I a wG e J Y aexk d i f M uw,f

qd k a wmh bmrS r jzpf a o;wJ h wynh f a wmf wd k Y v d k yk x k Z Of a wG [ m ÓPf r D o avmuf w&m;tvkyfudk vkyfaeMu&rSmayhgbk&m;/ 'D v d k t m;xk w f a ejcif ; [m yg&rD t vk y f u d k vkyfaewmygyJ/ yg&rDrygbl;vdkY ajymaeMu olawG[m udk,hfvufxJa&mufvmwJha&Tudk a&TrSef;rodvdkYayhgbk&m;/ t&m&mud k yd k i f ; jcm;od j rif E d k i f w J h vltjzpfu&kd wm[m yg&rDuo k v kd u f x H ;l vdyYk gyJ/ jzpfysufr*fawGudk rodEkdifwJh wd&pämefpaom tyg,fav;bHak &mufaejcif;uom yg&rDrygvdYk qdw k m ajymoihyf gw,f/ ud, k v fh ufxaJ &mufvm wJ?h vlqw kd hJ yg&rDuo k v kd u f aH v;udk trsKd ;rsKd ; ta&mifwifNy;D wefz;kd jri§ Efh ikd o f vd?k tyg,fav; yg; &TUH ñTx H u J v kd nf; vTiyfh pfv&Ykd ygw,f/ 'Dawmh rdrw d Ykd bmvkyo f iho f vJqw kd m pOf;pm;&rSmyg/ yg&rDudk taMumif;jyajymqdkNyD; atmufjynf atmuf&mG udk tvnfomG ;r,fq&kd ifvJ wm;cGifh r&Sb d ;l / [kww f ,faemf- t&Sib f &k m; awG;Munhf ygOD;/ vlYb0a&mufvmNyD;&if ukodkvfeJY tukov kd f (wpfenf;) aumif;rIeYJ raumif;rIukd odzdkYvdk&if;vdkY wynhfawmf xifygw,fbk&m;/ raumif;rIurkd vkyb f J aumif;rIawGuo kd m vkyf

pmrsufESm 4 rS rSm&Sw d hJ yk*Kd¾ vaf wGukd a[majymzdv Yk w kd ,f/ tJ'v D rkd [kwb f eJ YJ bk&m;a[m wmudk ra[mbl;vdaYk jymr,f/ ra[mwmudak wmh ta[mvkyNf y;D ajymr,f qd&k if rSeu f efygh rvm;¿ rrSuefb;l / rrSeu f ef½w kH if rubl;? jrwfpmG bk&m; u ]]bk&m;a[mwmudk ra[mbl;vdaYk jymvd&Yk &dS if tJ'yD *k Kd¾ v[ f m vltrsm; &JU tusKd ;pD;yGm;rJah tmif jyKvyk &f ma&mufw,f}} wJ/h 'g eHygwf (1) tcsu/f eHygwf (2) u tJ'yD *k Kd¾ v[ f m tukov kd af wG rsm;pGmjzpfymG ;apwJyh *k Kd¾ vf jzpfw,f/ eHygwf (3) u jrwfpmG bk&m;omoemawmfBu;D udu k , G af ysmuf atmif vky&f ma&mufw,f/ tjypftifrwefrS Bu;D w,fvaYdk jymwmaemf/ wcsKd Uu omrefav;yJ atmufarhMuwm? r[kwb f ;l / bk&m;a[mvsuf om;eJY ra[mbl;vdaYk jymwmu 'grSm;,Gi;f rIwpfcyk /J bk&m;a[mwmudk ra[mbl;vdYk rajym&ovdb k J bk&m;ra[mwmudv k nf; bk&m;a[mw,f

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oifhygw,f/ w&m;usihw f ,fqw kd m yg&rD&rdS S &rSmvdjYk rifae&if rvkyaf o;ygeJOY ;D ? aumif;rI jzpfr,hfudpörSeforQudk vkyfcsifvnf;vkyf? rvk y f c sif v nf ; vk y f v d k u f y g/ 'gawG [ m aemifwpfcsdefrSm yg&rDvdkYajym&r,hf tvkyf awG jzpfygw,f/ wynhfawmf avQmufxm; wm rSe&f UJ vm;bk&m;/ aumif;rIvyk af evdYk aumif;usKd ;cHpm; &&ifvnf; aumif;rIawGuykd v J yk ?f raumif;usKd ; cHpm;&&ifvJ pdw, f ikd rf oGm;bJ aumif;rIawGukd om quf v k y f a e&ygr,f / wjznf ; jznf ; eJ Y twdwrf mS vJ aumif;rIawG&v dS mr,f/ ypöKyeÜ rf mS vnf; aumif;rIawGomvkyaf er,fq&kd if tem *wfrmS vnf; aumif;rIawGuykd J vkyrf yd gawmhr,f/ ypöKyeÜ ?f twdw?f tem*wfvo Ykd majymae&wmyg/ wu,fawmh t&mtm;vHk;[m ypöKyÜefaMumifh qdw k m vlwidk ;f odoifw h ,fvYkd avQmufxm;vku d f ygw,fb&k m;/ t&S i f b k & m;&J U r,f a wmf ypöKyÜefrSm aumif;rIawGeJY aysmfEdkifMuygap/ t&Sifpdwå'Dy (a&TawmifOD;)

vdkY rajymaumif;bl;/ ajymNyDqdk&if 'Dyk*¾dKvf[m trsm;tusdK;rJhvkyfwJh yk*Kd¾ vw f pfa,muf? tukov kd af wG trsm;Bu;D jzpfapwJyh *k Kd¾ vw f pfa,muf? omoemawmfBu;D uG,af ysmufatmifvyk w f hJ w&m;cHwpfa,mufjzpfEidk f w,fvdkY ]t*Fw k &å edum,f} rSm jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mxm;wm/ 'gaMumifrh Ykd bk&m;ra[mwmudk a[mw,fvrYkd ajymrdz?Ykd bk&m; a[mwmudk ra[mbl;vdYk rajymrdz?Ykd "r®ukd t"r®vYkd rajymrdzv Ykd w dk ,f/ qdkygpdkY- olrsm;towf owfjcif;[m t"r®yJ/ tJ'Dt"r®udk udk,hfudk tEÅ&m,fjyKvm&ifawmh owfaumif;w,fvaYdk jymvd&Yk &dS if t"r®ukd "r®vYkd ajym&mra&mufaybl;vm;¿? a&mufw,f/ wpfcg "r®ukd t"r®vYkd ajymjyef w,f/ ukov kd af umif;rIuakd wmh rvkyaf umif;bl;vdYk ajymjyefw,f/ 'geudk rvkyfaumif;bl; oHo&m&Snfr,fvdkYajymr,fqdk&if 'g"r®udk t"r®vdkY ajymwmjzpfw,f/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )

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DHAMMA DEW

"r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

jrwfaomynm&Sd- jrwfaoma,musfm; Great in wisdom and Great man [Hom0wD- OD;tkef;BudKif

à r*f [ k w f o nf r [k w f o nf ü vd r ® m awmf r l a om r*f u d p ö u d k jyKNyD ; aom? tmoa0gw&m;r&S d a om? tqH k ; pG e f a om twåabmudk aqmifaom xdkjrwfpGmbk&m;udk ]]jrwfaomynm&Sd- jrwfaoma,musfm;}}[k qdktyf\/ Task- ended he, who hath no a-savas, Enlightened One who weareth his last body, – He "great in wisdom" and "great man" is called.

jrwfaomynm&Sd- jrwfaoma,musfm;

Great in wisdom and Great man

tcgwpfyg;ü jrwfpmG bk&m;ocifonf &mZN*Kd [jf ynf &SOehf uf wdu Yk kd tpmauR;&mjzpfaom a0VK0efausmif;ü oDwif;oH;k aeawmfr\ l / xdktcg r*"wkdif;\trwfBuD;jzpfaom 0óum&ykPÖm;onf jrwfpGm fh wl 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om bk&m;txHoYkd csO;f uyfNy;D vQif jrwfpmG bk&m;ESit EIwfqufajymqdk\/ 0rf;ajrmufzG,ftrSwf&zG,fpum;udk ajymqdkNyD;í? wpfcak omae&mü xdik Nf y;D aomf jrwfpmG bk&m;tm; þpum;udk avQmuf Mum;av\/ toQiaf *gwr? tuREyfk w f o Ykd nf w&m;av;rsKd ;wdEYk iS fh jynhpf o kH l udk jrwfaomynm&S?d jrwfaoma,musmf ;[k ynwfyguke\ f / tb,f av;rsKd ;wdeYk nf;[lr-l toQiaf *gwr? þavmuü tMuifoo l nf xdx k kd tMum;tjrifjzihf rsm;aomtMum;tjrif&\ dS / ]]þonfum;- þpum;\ teufwnf;? þonfum; þpum;\t"dymÜ ,fwnf;}} [k xdx k pkd um;\ omvQif teufuo kd \ d / owdEiS fh jynhpf \ kH / Mumjrihpf mG u jyKcahJ omtrIukd vnf;aumif;? Mumjrihpf mG u ajymcJah ompum;udv k nf;aumif;? atmufarh Ekid \ f / tjyefjyefatmufarhEikd \ f / tdr&f maxmifaomvlwo Ydk nf jyKtyf ukeaf om jyKz, G u f pd w ö üYkd uRr;f usi\ f / ysi;f &djcif;r&S/d xdjk yKz, G u f pd w ö üYkd oihfroihfaomtaMumif;udk pHkprf;qifjcifwwfaomÓPfjzihfjynhfpHk\/ ud, k w f idk jf yK&ef pGr;f Edik \ f / olwpfyg;udk pDr&H efprG ;f Edik \ f / toQiaf *gwr þw&m;av;rsdK;ESihf jynfhpHkoludk tuREfkyfwdkYonf jrwfaomynm&Sd? jrwfaoma,musfm;[lí ynwfygukef\/ toQifa*gwr tuREkfyf\ pum;udk tu,fí aumif;csD;ac:onfjzpftHh? toQifa*gwronf aumif;cs;D ac:awmfryl g/ toQiaf *gwr- tu,fí wm;jrpfoiho f nfjzpf tH?h toQiaf *gwronf wm;jrpfawmfryl g[k avQmuf\/ ykPmÖ ;- igonf oihpf um;udk aumif;cs;D vnf;rac:? wm;vnf; rwm;jrpf/ ykPÖm;- w&m;av;rsdK;wdkYESihfjynhfpHkoludk jrwfaomynm&Sd? jrwfaoma,musmf ;[k igynwf\/ tb,fav;rsKd ;wdeYk nf;[lr-l ykPmÖ ; þavmuü tMuifyk*¾dKvfonf vltrsm;\tusdK;pD;yGm;&Sd&ef usihf\/ vltrsm;csr;f om&efusi\ fh / xdyk *k Kd¾ vo f nf vltaygif;wdu Yk kd aumif;aom oabm? tjypfr&Sad omoabmjzpfaom t&d,mr*fü wnfapwwf\/ xdkyk*¾dKvfonf tvdk&SdaomtBuHudkBuH\/ tvdkr&SdaomtBuHudk rBuH/ tvd&k adS om awG;awmrIukd awG;awm\/ tvdrk &Sad om awG;awmrIukd rawG;awm/ þodBYk upH nfjcif; ]]0dwuf}} wdüYk pdw\ f avhvmjcif;odYk a&muf \/ vGejf rwfaompdwüf jzpfuek af om rsuaf rSmufb0ü csr;f ompGmae& aMumif;jzpfuek af om psmefav;yg;wdu Yk kd tvd&k w dS idk ;f &\/ rNiKd rjiif &\/

On a certain occasion the Exalted One was staying near Ra-jagaha, in Bamboo Grove at the Squirrels Feeding-ground. Now on that occasion Vassaka-ra the brahmin, a great official of Magadha, came to visit the Exalted One, and on coming to him greated him courteously, and after the exchange of greetings and courtesies sat down at one side. As he sat thus Vassaka-ra the brahmin said this to the Exalted One: "Master Gotama, we bra-hmins proclaim a man, if he possesses four qualities, as one of great wisdom, as a great man. What are the four qualities? Herein, master Gotama, he is learned. Of whatsoever he hears he understands the meaning as soon as it is uttered, saying: "This is the meaning of that saying. This is the meaning of that saying" Moreover, he has a good memory, he can remember and recall a thing done long ago, said long a go. Again, in all the business of a householder he is skilled and diligent, and therein he is resourceful and capable of investingating what is proper to be done, what should be arranged. Now, master Gotama, if a man posses these qualities, we proclaim him as one of great wisdom, as a great man. If the worthy Gotama thinks me worthy of commendation herein, let hin commend me. On the contrary, if he thinks me blameworthy, let him blame me therefor. Well, bra-hmin, I neither commend you nor blame you herein. I myself proclaim a man possessed of four qualities to be one of great wisdom, to be great man. What are the four? Herein, brahmin, we have a man given up to the welfare of many folk, to the happiness many folk. By him are many folk established in the Ariyan Method, to wit: in what if of a lovely nature, in what is of a profitable nature. To whatsoever train of thought he wishes to apply himself, to that train of thought he applies himself: to whatever train of thought he desires not to apply himself, to that train of thought he applies not himself. Whatever intention he wishes to intend, he does so or not if he so wishes. Thus is he master of the mind in the ways of thought. Also he is one who attains at will, without difficulty and without trouble the four musings which belong to the higher thought, which even in this very life are blissful to abide in. Also

DHAMMA DEW "r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/ ryifryef;&\/ tmoa0gw&m;\ukejf cif;aMumihf tmoa0guif; aom vG w f a jrmuf a om ]]t&[wå z d k v f } } pd w f E S i h f ? vG w f a jrmuf a om ]]t&[wåzv kd }f } ynmud?k ,ckb0üyif xl;aomÓPfjzihf rsuaf rSmufjyKí a&mufvsuaf e\/ ykPmÖ ;- igonf oihpf um;udk aumif;cs;D vnf;rac:? wm;vnf;rwm;jrpf/ ykPmÖ ;- þw&m;av;rsKd ;wdEYk iS fh jynhpf o kH u k kd jrwfaom ynm&S-d jrwfaoma,musmf ;[k igynwf\[k rdeaYf wmfr\ l / toQiaf *gwr- tHzh , G &f ydS gay\/ toQiaf *gwr rjzpfb;l NrJ jzpfygay\/ toQiaf *gwronf þpum;udk tvGeaf umif;pGm a[mtyf ygay\/ toQiaf *gwr tuREykf w f o Ykd nf toQiaf *gwrudk þw&m; av;rsKd ;wdEYk iS jfh ynhpf \ kH [lí rSwyf guke\ f / ]]toQiaf *gwronf vltrsm; \ tusKd ;pD;yGm;&S&d ef? vltrsm;csr;f om&ef usiyfh gay\/ vltaygif;udk aumif;aomoabm? tjypfr&Sad omoabmjzpfaom t&d,mr*fü wnf apwwfygay\// toQiaf *gwronf tvd&k adS omtBuu H kd BuyH gay\/ tvdrk &Sad omtBuu H kd rBuyH g/ þodBYk upH nfjcif; ]]0dwuf}} wdüYk toQif a*gwronf pdwf\avhvmjcif;odkY a&mufyg\/ toQifa*gwronf vGejf rwfaompdwüf jzpfuek af om rsuaf rSmufb0ü csr;f ompGmae&aMumif; jzpfuek af om psmefwu Ykd kd tvd&k w dS idk ;f &yg\/ rNiKd rjiif&yg\/ ryifryef; &yg\/ tmoa0gw&m;wd k Y u k e f j cif ; aMumif h tmoa0guif ; aom vGwaf jrmufaom ]]t&[wåzv kd }f } pdwEf iS ?fh vGwaf jrmufaom ]]t&[wå zd k v f } } ynmud k ,ck b 0üyif xl ; aomÓPf j zih f rsuf a rS m uf j yKí a&mufvsuaf e&yg\}} [kavQmuf\/ ykPmÖ ;- oifonf pifppf ihgudk *kPu f dk xdyg;ykwcf wfvsu?f þpum;udk qdb k \ d / trSet f m;jzihu f m; igonfom oiht f m;? þpum; udk ajymMum;xku d \ f / ]]ykPmÖ ;- igonf vltrsm;tusKd ;pD;yGm;jzpf&ef usifh \/ vltrsm;csr;f om&ef usi\ fh / vltaygif;wdu Yk kd aumif;aomoabm tjypfr&Sad omoabmjzpfaom t&d,mr*füwnfap\/ ykPmÖ ;- igonf tvdk&SdaomtBuHudkBuH\/ tvdkr&SdaomtBuHudkrBuH/ tvdk&Sdaom awG;awmrIukd awG;awm\/ tvdrk &Sad om awG;awmrIukd rawG;awm/ ykPmÖ ;- igonf BupH nfjcif; ]]0dwuf}} wdüYk pdw\ f avhvmjcif;odaYk &muf \/ ykPmÖ ;- igonf vGejf rwfaom pdwüf jzpfuek af om rsuaf rSmufb0ü csr;f ompGmae&aMumif;jzpfuek af om psmefwu Ykd kd tvd&k w dS idk ;f &\/ rNiKd rjiif &\/ ryifryef;&\/ tmoa0gw&m;wdYk ukejf cif;aMumih?f tmoa0guif; aom vGwfajrmufaom ]]t&[wåzdkvf}} pdwfESifh? vGwfajrmufaom ]]t&[wåzv kd }f } ynmudk ,ckb0üyif xl;aomÓPfjzihf rsuaf rSmufjyKí a&mufvsuaf e\}} [k rdeaYf wmfral v\/ tMuifjrwfpGmbk&m;onf owå0gtm;vHk;wdkY\ aorif; [laom ausmhuGif;rS vGwfaMumif;jzpfaom r*fw&m;udkodNyD;? ewfvlwdkY\ tpD;tyGm;jzpfaom t&d,mr*fw&m;udk xif&Sm;jy awmfrl\/ ,if;r*fw&m;udk pifppfjrifívnf;aumif;? Mum;em& ívnf;aumif;? vltrsm;wdkYonf MunfndKMuukef\/ r*f[w k o f nf? r[kwo f nfü vdrm® awmfral om? r*fupd u ö kd jyKNyD;aom? tmoa0gw&m;r&Sdaom? tqHk;pGefaom twåabmudk aqmifaom? xdkjrwfpGmbk&m;udk ]]jrwfaomynm&Sd- jrwfaom a,musfm;}} [k qdktyfygay\/ (q|oH*g,emwif? ygVdyd#uwfawmf? t*Fkwå&edum,f 0if okwåefyd#uwf? t*Fkw¬dK&fygVdawmf? pwkuúedygwf? puú0*f? 0óum&okwfudk azmfjyygonf/) [Hom0wD- OD;tkef;BudKif

by destruction of the a-savas, in this very life throughly comprehending it of himself, he realizes the heart's release, the release by wisdom, and attaining it abides therein. No, bra-hmin, I neither commend nor blame you herein, but I myself proclaim a man possessed of these four qualities to be one of great wisdom, to be a great man. It is wonderful, master Gotama! It is marvellous, master Gotama, how well this has been said by the worthy Gotama! I myself do hold the worthy Gotama to be posssed of these same four qualities. Indeed, the worthy Gotama is given up to the welfare of many folk, to the happiness of many folk. By him are many folk established in the Ariyan Method. to wit: in what is of a lovely nature, in what is of a profitable nature. Indeed, the worthy Gotama, to whatever train of thought he wishes to apply himself, to that train of thought applies himself.....Surely the worthy Gotama is master of the mind in the ways of thought. Surely the worthy Gotama is one who attains at will...the four musings...surely Gotama by destruction of the a-savas...realizes the heart's release, the release by wisdom...and attaining it abides therein. Indeed, bra-hmin, your words come close and challenge me to a statement. Neverthess I will satisfy you by replying. I am indeed given up to the welfare of many folk, to the happiness of many folk. By me are many folk established in the Ariyan Mothod, to wit: in what is of a lovely nature, in what is of a profitable nature. To whatever train of thought I desire to apply myself, to that I apply myself or not as I please. Whatever intention I wish to intend, I do so or not as I please. Indeed, brahmin, I am master of the mind in the ways of thought. Indeed, I am one who attains at will....the four musings.....Indeed, brahmin, by the destruction of the a-savas....I realize the heart's release...and attaining it abide therein. He who for all things found release from Death, Who showed their weal to devas and mankind, Who taught the Method, Dhamma, seeing which And hearing which full many folk are calmed; Skilled (guide) of what is right way and what wrong, Task-ended he, who hath no a-savas, Enlightened One who weareth his last body,He "great in wisdeom" and "great man" is called. (Complete translation of the Pali Tipitaka, Anguttara Nikaya, The book of the Gradual Saying, book Four, Text ii, 35, Vassaka-na Sutta) Hanthawaddy-U Ohn Kyaing.

DHAMMA VIRAARTICLES

"r®0D&onf udk,fusihfodu©mysufjym;rI t0de,udk a&SmifEkdif&efjzpfonf/

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wuú o d k v f o Qif o D & d ( "r® m p&d , ?bD - at)

- OD;aESmufonf ½kd;wGif;jcifqDyifjzpfonf/ tjyifbufyikd ;f jzL0g0g&So d nf/ - twGi;f om;jzL\/ - þjzLaomtwGif;om;rS &oaMumwdkYonf xGuí f uk, d t hf ESu YH dk ysUH ESo YH nf/ - OD ; aES m uf ü csKyf ½ k d ; (4) acsmif ; &S d o nf [ k t|uxmüqko d nf/ onf ; ajc onf;ajconf (2)rsK;d &So d nf/ (1) tdwif ,fjzihx f nhaf om A'önf;ajc ,if;onf txl;xl;aom tapmuf eufaomcGut f wGi;f ü xnhx f m;aom opfr,f Z,fqt D qif;&So d nf/ A'önf;ajconf ESv;Hk ? tqkwfwdkY\tMum;ü tonf;ukdrSDí wnf aom oyGwfoD;tcGHtdrfESihfwlonhf onf;ajc td w f ü wnf o nf / þA'¨ o nf ; ajcysuf v Qif owå 0 gwd k Y ½l ; uk e f o nf / pd w f a zmuf j yef í xif&mvkyfwwfonf/ A'¨ o nf ; ajcuk d rd r d a e&mtd r f \ tajr;§ 0ef;usijf zihf ykid ;f jcm;xm;onf/ (1) tdwrf &Sd uk, d t f vk;H ukd ysUH ESaYH jy;oGm;vsuf &Sad om tA'önf;ajc/ ,if;onf nKad om cs&m;yGit fh qif; &So d nf/ (nKad om aMumifyef;yGit fh qif;&So d nf

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ ESaH umif? yk&pf paom taumifi,f wdkYü tPkjrLcefYrQ&Sdonf/ onf;ajcig;yg;wGif þonf;ajconf y"gejzpfonf/ <uif;aom onf;ajcwd\ Yk wnf&modYk a&mufvQif usufjcif;udpöNyD;aponf/ 0rf;rD; tm;ukd yGm;aponf/ pm;tyfaom t&nf tzwfwdkYudk tqD;? tap;[laom &o"gwf? usiifh ,f usiBf u;D (3)ckuaJG tmif EGm;Eku Yd dk rD;jzihf csuo f uJo h Ykd csuo f nf/ 0rf ; rD ; wpf j cm; onf ; ajcwpf j cm; wpfrsKd;pDyifjzpfaomfvnf; 0rf;rD;\tv,fü þygpuonf ; ajcwnf a omaMumih f v nf ; aumif;? ylaomoabm&SdaomaMumifhvnf; aumif; awaZmr,jzpfí 0rf;rD;aqmif&Guf &efupd u ö dk &Guaf qmifEidk \ f / þygpuonf;ajc ukyd if 0rf;rD;[lí ac:qkEd idk yf gonf/ (2) &EÆ u onf ; ajctonf;ü tdwfESihfwnfonf/ tpm opftrd o f aYdk &mufí pm;tyfaom tpmopfudk pdr;f 0gaomtqif;jzpfatmif qk;d wwfonf/ (3) om"uonf ; ajc ESv;Hk üwnfonf/ todynm? owd? orm"d? vkv YH ? 0D&, d wdu Yk dk jyKapwwfonf/ (4) avmpuonf ; ajc rsuv f ;Hk üwnfonf/ ½lyg½ku H dk jrifap wwfonf/ (5) bmZuonf ; ajc ta&üwnfí ukd,fvkH;ukdysHUESHYap onf/ ta&tqif;\ ESpo f ufz, G u f dk jyKwwf onf/ ukd,fü vdrf;usHtyf? oGef;avmif;tyf aom tqD? t&nf ponfwdkYukd ajcmufap wwf usufapwwfonf/ þonf;ajcwdkY\ awaZm"gwfESihf aygif;í yljcif;ukyd if uk, d af iGU[k ac:onf/ (jA[®a00w¦usr;f \tqk)d cE¨ a A'aq;usrf ; tvk d & rl tdrfESihfaeaom A'¨onf;ajconf tonf;\vusfmbuftykdif;ukd uyfvsuf&Sd onf/ onf;ajcrSxGufaom`yGefonf tpm opftdrf vusfmbuftqkH; tlwdk\tpwGif aygif;qkí H onf;ajctdwrf x S u G af om onf;ajc &nfonf nKdarmif;aom a&Ttqif;&Sdonf/ opfyifrx S u G af omtap;ESiw fh o l nf/ xk d t &nf o nf tl \ tptwG i f ; ü rjywf0ifvsuf&Sdonf/ tpmpm;NyD;pü t&nf onf rsm;pGmxGufí tltwGif;ü tpmopfESihf a&mMuonf/

touf(30)rS (55)ESpt f wGi;f ü þ onf;ajc&nfom txGufrsm;onf/ wpf&uf vQif tcsed (f 50)usyo f m;cefY aeYpOfxu G o f nf/ þonf;ajctdwfonf teH(3)opf ESifh ok;H ykid ;f wpfyikd ;f ? tvsm; ig;opfEiS fh ok;H ykH wpfykH&Sdonf/ ovdyf ovdyo f nf uk, d t f wGi;f ü wpfurG ;f pm;avmufrQ&o dS nf/ jzLonf/ o&ufo;D rSn?fh wrmoD;rSnhft&nftqif;&Sdonf/ rdrw d nf&mESifh o@mefwo l nf/ tpm opftdrfü wnfonf/ tpm;taomufudk rsKdonf&Sdaomf a&ay:wGi&f adS om arSmu f o hJ Ykd arSmaf y:ü cJusu arSmfuGJoGm;NyD; jyefYapouJhodYk tpm0ifvQif ovdyu f uGo J mG ;Ny;D jyefaphonf/ þovdyfenf;ygu tpmopftdrfrS raumif;aomteHo Y nf avNyKv d Qif pum;ajym vQif xGuo f nf/ þovdy&f NdS rw J ikd ;f &Sv d Qif usiBf u;D tdrf taygufü ydwaf om ysOjf ym;uJo h Ykd 0rf;wGi;f rS raumif ;aomteH Y uk d tpmopf t dr ft wG i f ; ydwv f suf wnfonf/ ovdyf\xuf0ef;usifjzihf ykdif;jcm; xm;onf/ (t|uxm\tqkd) ovd y f o nf &if ? vnf a csmif ; ? OD;acgif;? jynftdwf? t½kd;wdkY\ tquftpyf tpmopftdrf? ESmacgif;? vQm? qDMunf? qDcJ wdüYk wnfonf/ txl;tm;jzihf &ifüwnfonf/ ovdyfonf jzLonf/ aysmhajymif; onf/ jypfcRo J nf/ at;onf/ csKo d nf/ vsuf aomtcg iefonf/ yuwd t wd k i f ; ovd y f & S d v Qif ovd y f o nf y if cG e f t m;rnf y gonf / azmuf j yef v Qif pG e f Y y pf t yf a om tnpf taMu;jzpf o nf / ovd y f u k d (5)rsKd ; cG J j cm;xm;onf / (1) t0vrÁuovdy-f &ifüwnfí wG,u f yf jcif;ukdjyKwwfonf/ (2) udav'uovdyf- tpmopftdrfü wnf aomovdy?f tpmukd pdpk w G af ponf/ (3) oDavouovdy-f t½k;d wd\ Yk tpyfüwnf í ap;uyfwwfonf/ (4) aAm"uovdy-f vQmüwnfí t&omukd odapwwfonf/ (5) awruovdy-f OD;acgif;üwnfí rsupf u d dk

pkdpGwfaponf/ cE¨ m aA'usrf ; ürl u m; tpm0ifaomvnfacsmif;ayguf\ tom;onf (3)xyf&o dS nf/ jyif x yf u m; tom;rQif w k H ; i,f ywf&pfonfukd tajr;§ tkyv f su&f o dS nf/ tv,fom;onf `yGefacgif;tvsm; vkdufwnfaom tom;wkH;i,fpkjzpfonf/ twGi;f om;onf tom;Ekaysmt h vk;H i,fpkjzpfonf/ xkdtom;aysmhwnf&m `yGef acgif;twGi;f buftjyifwiG f ydEo Jé ;D cGu H o hJ Ykd ql;x vsuf&Sdonfudk El;nHhaomtajr§;vQmjzihf tkyf xm;onf/ xkt d wGi;f qk;H tom;twGi;f ü ovdyf \wnf&m tajr§;tdwfpkwnf&Sdonf/ þtajr§;tdwfwdkYrS `yGefwHonf ydEéJ ql;tom;Ekut kd yk af om tajr;§ &S&d m `yeG af cgif; twGi;f odYk t0vSnv fh su&f o dS nf/ xkdydEéJql;xaom tom;Ekukd tkyf aom twGi;f qk;H tajr;§ ukd ovdyaf jr;§ [k ac: onf/ tpm0ifaom vnfacsmif;aygufrSm uJhodkY ovdyftdwfESihf ovdyfajr§;rsKd;wdkYonf ESmacgif;txufydkif;? tqkwfodkYoGm;aom`yGef? tpmopftrd ?f tl? tpma[mif;tdr?f usiif ,f\ wnf&m pnfaygif;? ausmufuyfrS qD;tdrf pnfaygif;odkYoGm;aom taMumtwGif;wdkYü wnf & S d a omaMumih f xk d t &yf w d k Y r S v nf ; ovdyw f o Ykd nfvnf; xku d o f ifo h nft h m;avsmpf mG xGuu f ek o f nf/ quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf wuú o d k v f o Qif o D & d ( "r® m p&d , ?bD - at)

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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vlom;wkdif;[m ukd,f0goemyg&m tvkyw f pfcek YJ b0rSm &yfwnfEidk zf Ydk t&ifO;D qk;H pdwful;vSvSav;eJY ykHazmfMuygw,f/ NyD;&if pdwful;xJutwdkif;jzpfvmapzkdY ZGJvkHYv0D&d, tjynf h e J Y tNrJ w rf ; BuKd ; pm;aeMuygw,f / BuK;d pm;rIawG t&mxifvYkd aysm&f iT af eMuolawG &Sdovdk BuKd;pm;rIawG t&mrxifvdkY 0rf;enf; ae&olawGvnf; &Sw d ,f/ tm;vk;H wpforwf wnf;awmh aysm&f iT rf aI wG&zkq Yd w dk m rvG,yf gbl;/ b0rS m ud k , f B uKd ; pm;cJ h o avmuf uk d , h f p d w f u l ; urÇ m av; jzpf a y:vmwJ h t cg ukd,fh&JUaysmf&TifrIawGu odyfrodomcJhayr,hf ukd,hfpdwful;urÇmav; ysufoGm;cJhr,f? NyKduGJ oGm;cJhr,fqkd&ifawmh tvGefudk odomw,f/ BuKd ; pm;xm;orQuk d t&mxif a pcsif w mu vlYobm0yJ/ BuKd;pm;xm;orQ t&mrxifwJh tcg b0ukd ed*kH;csKyfwJhtxd pdwf"gwfvJNyKd oGm;MuwmawGU&w,f/ jzpfcsifwmawGukd jzpfatmifBuKd;pm; &if; jzpfzkdYay;qyfMu&wJhtcsdef&JUtvGefrSm jzpfrvmcJzh ;l qk&d if 0rf;enf;rIawG? aMuuGrJ aI wG Bu;D pk;d vmNy;D vlwpfa,muf&UJ toufudk tqk;H owfomG ;apw,f/ 'Dtcsu[ f m avmuxJu odomxif&Sm;wJhjzpfpOfwpfckvkdY qkdvdkY&r,f xifw,f/ 'DjzpfpOfeYJ xyfwu l swhJ Zmwd&mG buf u tqk d a wmf ] ES J } q&mBuD ; OD ; rsKd ; ñT e f Y taMumif ; uk d owd & rd w ,f / Zmwd N rKd U e,f wpf0u dk rf mS awmh OD;rsK;d ñTe[ Yf m qkid ;f 0goem&Si?f qk d i f ; ynm&S i f r sm; &J U av;pm;twk , l j cif ; udck &H wJh tEkynm&Sif wpfO;D yg/ oabmxm; BuD;NyD; azmfa&GwJh OD;rsKd;ñTefY[m jrefrmhqkdif; 0kid ;f oDcsi;f Bu;D awGukd [efaumif; toHaumif;eJY qk d w wf o vd k ]ES J } rI w f y nmt&mrS m vnf ;

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/ wpfcg tjzpftysuaf wGu r,kEH idk pf &maumif; avmufatmif odyu f kd jrefqefveG ;f ygw,f/ tok b csr,h f aeY v nf r wd k i f r D oli,fcsi;f wpfpek JY rdrv d nf; tokb½I a&muf oGm;jzpfw,f/ tokb½IvmMuolawGvnf; tawmfrsm;rsm; a&mufaeMuNy/D rdred YJ oli,f csif;wpfpku uG,fvGefolav;&JUacgif;em;rSm xdkifaewJhtcsdef OD;rsKd;ñTefYa&mufvmNyD; ajym vku d w f phJ um;oHaMumihf rdrw d v Ykd pl k tawmfav; pdwfraumif;jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ arQmfvihfcsuf tdrfrufawG ysufpD;NyD; aMuuGJqkdYepfaewJh OD;rsK;d ñTe[ Yf m orD;av;&JUacgif;em;rSm 'l;axmuf Ny;D ]]orD;av;&,f taz b,fvv kd yk f oDcsi;f qk&d rvJ}} wJ/h tJ'jD rifuiG ;f eJY pum;oHudk 'DaeY txd rd r d t rS w f & aeqJ y g/ arQmf v ih f c suf tdrrf ufawGtjynhef YJ jyKpyk sK;d axmifay;vmcJw h hJ zcif w pf a ,muf & J U &if x J r S m 'D v d k t jzpf q k d ; aMumihf b,favmufcHpm;ae&rvJqkdwm rdrd awG;aerdw,f/ ykxZk Ofvo l m;yDyD rdru d awmh tawmh f u k d pd w f r aumif ; jzpf w ,f / bk & m; &[EÅmyk*K¾ v d Bf u;D awGq&dk ifawmh oHa0* &p&m jzpfrSmyg/ ZeD;onfq;Hk vdYk wpfvavmuftMum rSm orD;av;qk;H w,f/ orD;av;qk;H Ny;D vkYd ESpv f ausmaf usmaf vmufjzpfr,fxifw,f/ OD;rsK;d ñTeYf vnf; qH;k yg;oGm;&Smw,f/ arQmf v ih f c suf p d w f u l ; urÇ m av; ukd azmfaqmifzkdYBuKd;pm;wJhvlwkdif; rjrif& wJh uHMur®m&JUvSnu fh u G u f dk xnhw f u G pf Of;pm; zkdYeJY jyifqifxm;MuapzkdY &nf&G,fa&;om; &jcif ; yg/ bmrS r [k w f w J h a vmuBuD ; rS m bmrSr[kwfwmukd bmrSr[kwfrSef;odEkdifcJh r,fqydk g&if bmrSr[kwb f ;l qkw d m em;vnf vmygvdrhfr,f/ aysmf&Tifp&mawG? 0rf;enf; p&mawG ? a'gojzpf p &mawG ? 'gawG e J Y y J vlom;awG[m wpfb0wmukd ed*kH;csKyfMu &ygw,f / wu,fawmh rdrdwdkY vlom;wdkif; [m trsm;eJYroufqkdifwJh oD;jcm;owå0g awG / 1/ uk d , f b ,f u vmw,f q k d w mvnf ; rodbl;/ 2/ b,fudkoGm;&r,fqkdwmvnf; rodbl;/ 3/ bmjzpf&OD;r,fqkdwmvnf; rodbl;/ 4/ b,faeY ao&r,fqw kd mvnf; rodb;l / 5/ ao&r,fqkdwmudkawmh odw,f/ b0wpfckukd &vmNyDqkdwmeJY tvdk us&if &,f j yr,f ? tvd k r us&if ik d j yr,f / tNrw J rf; &,fEidk zf Ykd tvku d satmif vkb d awGudk

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DHAMMA TALKS

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DHAMMA TALKS "r®0D&onf udk,fusihfodu©mjzLpifjrihfjrwfrI 0de,udkaqmifEkdifMu&efjzpfonf/

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- - THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON ANAPANA DIPANI

"r®0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

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a&;om;jyKpka

tmemy - - -

THE ANAPAN OR THE MANUAL OF MINDF by ,cif t ywf r S t quf *Pemenf ; tus,f xdo k ;kH yg;wdw Yk iG f a&wGuef nf;onf(1) aES;aES; a&wGuef nf;ç (2) jrefjrefa&wGuef nf; [lí 2-yg;&S\ d / xdkwGifaES;aES;a&wGuef nf;qdo k nfum;- ESmoD;zsm;ç txufEw I cf rf; f kd pdu k x f m;í xGuo f ufç 0ifouf zsm; XmeESpyf g;wGif wyg;yg;ü pdwu 2-yg;udk ESv;kH oGi;f aomtcg tpü pdwrf Nird o f ufao;onht f wGuaf Mumihf xGuo f ufç 0ifoufwo Ydk nf tcsuw f idk ;f ç tcsuw f idk ;f pdwüf xif&mS ;ukef ao;onfr[kw?f rxif&mS ;aomtcsupf v k nf; yg&Su d ek af o;\/ xdaYk Mumihf rxif&Sm;aomtcsufpkudk ra&rwGufrlí xif&Sm;aomtcsufpkudkom a&wGufjcif;aMumifh aES;aoma&wGufjcif;jzpfavownf;/ a&wGuf&müvnf;(1) wpfrpS í ig;wGiw f 0g&ç (2) wpfrpS í ajcmufwiG f w0g&ç (3) wpfrpS í ckepfwiG f w0g&ç (4) wpfrpS í &Spw f iG f w0g&ç (5) wpfrpS í ud;k wGif w0g&ç (6) wpfrpS í q,fwiG f w0g&ç þodYk 6-0g&wdjYk zihf a&wGu&f m\/ (yxr0g&ç 'kw, d 0g&ç wwd,0g&ç pwkw0¬ g&ç yÍör0g&ç q| 0g&[lívnf; tpOftwkid ;f ac:&\/ q|0g&Ny;D vQif yxr0g&odYk jyefav/ ¤if; 6- 0g&vH;k udrk S w0g&[lívnf; ac:Mu\/) a&SUOD;pGm pdwu f kd ESmacgif;0ü pdu k x f m; xGuo f ufç 0ifouf 2-yg;wGif xif&mS ;&mwckcu k kd wpf-[ka&wGu&f m\/ ¤if;aemuf xGuo f ufç 0ifouf 2-yg;vHk;yif xif&Sm;onfcsnf;jzpfívmcJhvQif tpOftwkdif; ESpçf oH;k ç av;ç ig;[k a&wGu&f m\/ rxifr&Sm;yg&Scd v hJ Qif xdrk xif&mS ; aom tcsuu f kd ra&wGurf í l xif&mS ;onht f csuf rawGUao;orQumv ywfvHk; wefY&yfí wpf- wpfponfjzihf a&wGufqJtwkdif;om xifíae &m\/ xif&mS ;aomtcsuaf y:vmrS ESp-f ponfjzihf txuf*Pef;odYk wufí a&wGu&f m\/ ig;odu Yk svQif wpfujyef&m\/ þenf;wl 'o0g&wkdifatmif 6- 0g&wdkYü rxif&Sm;aom

Maha-thera Ledi- Saya-daw, TRANSLATED into English by U Sein Nyo IX The Method of the Commentary In the Commentary (Atthakatha) there are three main stages of effort, namely: 1. Counting (ganana): attention is placed on the outbreaths and in-breaths by counting them. 2. Connection (anubandhana): attention is placed directly on the out-breaths and in-breaths and is made stronger and firmer, but the counting is discontinued. 3. Fixing (thapana-): the effort is intensified until the higher stages of attainment are achieved. There are two places where the out-breath and in-breath may be grasped: the tip of the nose and the upper lip. For some people the striking of the breath is clearer at the tip of the nose; for others, it is clearer on the upper lip. Attention must be placed on the spot where the perception is clearest, which may be called the "spot of touch." At the outset, effort must be made to keep the attention on the "spot of touch" by counting the number of times the out-breath and in-breath strike that spot. In the next stage, effort must be made to keep the attention on the outbreath and in-breath continuously, without the aid of counting. Finally, effort is applied to make the attention stronger and firmer. Counting There are two methods of counting-slow and fast according as the attention is weak or strong. In the beginning, the mind is untranquil and distrubed and the attention weak, and thus one is not mindful of every breath that occurs. Some breaths escape detection. Only those breaths that are clearly perceived with mindfulness are counted, while those that are not clearly perceived are left out of the reckoning. Counting thuse progresses slowly. It is the slow stage. Counting is done in six turns (va-ra). In the first, counting proceeds from one to five: then, in the second, from one to six: in the third, from one to seven, in the fourth, from one to eight; in the fifth, from one to nine, and in the sixth, from one to ten. After the sixth turn, one must begin again from the first. Sometimes these six turns are counted as one. First place the attention on the "spot of touch," and

- - THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON A NAPANA DIPANI "r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

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yge'D- yeD-

NA DIPANI R FULNESS OF BREATHING y

Aggamaha-pan.d.ita, D. Litt. o Tun, Late of The Indian Civil Service. xGuo f ufç 0ifouf tcsuw f u Ykd kd ra&wGurf í l xif&mS ;aomxGuo f ufç 0ifoufwu Ykd o kd m a&G;aumufí a&wGuaf omaMumifh aES;aoma&wGuf enf;jzpfavownf;/ (2) jrefjrefa&wGuef nf;qdo k nfum;- a&wGuzf efrsm;vwfaomf xif&mS ;aomtcsurf sm;í vmvwåUH / wpf-ESppf aom *Pef;csuv f nf; pdyí f pdwí f vmvwåUH / xGuo f uftcsuçf 0ifouftcsuf xif&mS ;onf csnf;jzpfaomtcgü wpf- ESpf paom *Pef;csufonfvnf; rjywfrpJ jref&\/ wckurkd Q owdrvGwaf p&? xGuo f ufç 0ifouftpOfEiS fh *Pef; tpOfonf tckeftausmftvpftvyf tpOfrSefap&rnf/ wpf- ESpf paom *Pef;csru I v kd nf; EIwjf zihf &Gwq f zkd , G rf &S?d pdwjf zihaf &wGuv f Qif Ny;D awmhonf/ tcsKd Uolwu Ykd m; EIwjf zihf &Gwq f Mkd uuke\ f / tcsKd Uolwu Ykd m; 6- 0g&tqH;k tqH;k wGif ykw;D aph wvH;k - wvH;k csí waeY- waeYvQif ykw;D ywfaygif; rnfrQpyd &f rnf[k ydik ;f jcm;í pdyMf uuke\ f / tm½Hjk refjref xifEikd o f nfom yrmPwnf;/ tMuiftcgü ra&wGuaf omfvnf; a&wGuo f nfEiS fh xyfwl xGuo f ufç 0ifoufw\ Ykd xdXk meü xdwidk ;f - xdwidk ;f todNrpJ \ JG / tvkycf iG f od0Yk ifí ESv;kH oGi;f aeorQumvywfv;kH wckaom xGuo f uf wckaom 0ifoufrQ trSwrf v hJ w G í f oGm;onfr&SNd y/D xdt k cgü a&wGurf u I kd ½kyo f rd ;f í tEkAEëmenf;jzihf ½I&m\/ (taES;tjref? tpOfrSef? ESpfwef a&wGufenf;NyD;\) tEk A E¨ e menf ; tus,f tEkAEëmenf; qdo k nfum;- a&wGucf ef;wGif tpOfreS cf o hJ nfh twkid ;f xd&mXmeü pdwu f pkd u kd x f m;í xGurf çI 0ifrI tBurd pf Oftwkid ;f wpfBurd w f nf;rQ rvGwaf p&bJ xGurf çI 0ifrI tpOfEv S ;kH oGi;f rIç tpOfzUJG wG,í f aeatmif tm;xkwrf o I nf tEkAEëmrnf\/ a&wGurf rI &Sb d v J suf a&wGuef nf;rSm odrt I pOfreS o f nht f wdik ;f odrt I pOfreS í f aeatmif wzef vku d pf m;tm;xkwrf q I v kd o kd nf/ tb,frQavmuf umvMumjrihaf tmif tEkAEëmenf;jzihf tm;xkw&f moenf;[lru l m; y#dbm*edrw d jf zpfay:í vmonhw f idk af tmif tm;xkw&f m\/

when an out-breath or in-breath is clearly perceived count "one". Continue counting "two" "three" "four", etc. When the ensuing out-breaths and in-breaths are clearly perceived. If any of them are not clearly perceived, stop the progressive counting by continuing to count "one," "one," "one," etc, until the next clear perception of out-breath and in-breath, when the counting advances to "two" When the count reaches "five" in the first turn, start again from one. Proceed in this way until the sixth turn is completed. Since only those breaths that are clearly perceived are counted, it is called the slow count. When the counting has been done repeatedly many times, the number of breaths that are clearly perceived will increase. The spacing between each progressive count will decrease. When every breath is clearly perceived the counting will progress uninterruptedly and become fast. One must proceed until no breath is missed out from the counting. It is not necessary to do the counting orally; a mental count is sufficient. Some people prefer to count orally. Others count one bead at the end of each sixth turn, and they resolve to count a certain number of rounds of beads a day. The essential thing is to make the perception clear and the attention strong and firm. (To Be Continue)

y#dbm*edrdwftus,f y#dbm*edrw d f qdo k nfum;- yuwdaom xGuo f ufç 0ifouf avtwkid ;f udv k eG í f tqif;oP²mefta&miftvufEiS w fh uG vJ0g*Gr;f tpkuo hJ çYkd avt,Ofuo hJ çYkd rdC k ;f Mu,fuo hJ çYkd ywåjrm;vH;k uJo h çYkd ykvv J ;kH uJo h çYkd ykvJoG,fuJhodkY tp&Sdonfjzihf wckckxifay:jzpfxGef;ívmaom ynwåd "r®txl;udk y#dbm*edrw d q f o kd nf/ xdyk #dbm*edrw d f ynwftm½Ht k xl; txift&Sm; pdwt f jrifrmS ESv;kH oGi;f wkid ;f jzpfay:xifjrifvmaomtcg rS tEkAE¨emenf;udk ½kyo f rd ;f &rnf/ *Pemenf;? tEkAE¨emenf;ESpyf g;rSm xd&mXmeudk rvTwf&ao;/(tNrJtjref? twG,foef? wzefbGJUxm; enf;NyD;\) (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ijy|mef;onf/

t&dyfppfrSm cdkem;yg 'Dwpfywfawmh 'umBuD;udk OD;Zif; t&d y f & J U taMumif ; t&mav;awG enf ; enf ; avmufajymjyyghr,f/ avmurSm ta&;tBu;D qH;k t&mawG xJrmS t&dy[ f mvnf;wpfct k ygt0ifjzpfw,f/ t&dyq f w kd m a&mifjyef[yfapwJo h abm? ouf&dS oufrJht&m0w¬KrSeforQawGrSm t&dyf&Sdw,f/ oufrahJ wGjzpfwhJ a&ç ajrç awmç awmifawGrmS vnf; t&dy&f w dS ,f/ vlç acG;ç jrif; pwJh ouf&dS owå0gawGrSmvnf; t&dyf&Sdw,f/ tJ'gu obm0jzpfwnfrt I &dyf ]]vlomG ;&if t&dyyf gpNr}J } qdw k t hJ wdik ;f aea&mifjcnf (od)Yk tvif;"mwf wpfc&k Nyq D w kd meJY ay:vmwJt h &dyyf /J aemufwpfckwifpm;NyD;ajymxm;wJh t&dyu f &Sad o;w,f/ 'gayr,hw f ifpm;xm;Mu wmuawmh trsm;Bu;D yg/ ]]t&dyu f av;vdak e csifw,f? t&dyfwMunhfMunhfç Munhfaer,f? t&dyyf rm rcGcJ mG ? rif;&JUt&dyrf mS aecGiafh y;yg}} trsm;Bu;D ygyJ/ wcsKd Uu wifpm;Ny;D tvGet f rif; zGUJ EGUJ xm;vku d af o;w,f/ ]]rif;av;&JUt&dy[ f m ud, k t fh wGuf tat;jrqH;k yg}} wJ/h tif;- olvnf; olt Y &dyef o YJ al wmh at;csiaf t;aerSmayhgav/ ausmif;u OD;Zif;Bu;D ajymajymaewJh t&dyu f vnf; &Sad o;w,f/ olpY w d x f rJ mS wpfcg wpfav tvdrk uswmav;awGawGU&&if tNrJ ajymavh&w dS phJ um;u ]]ud, k af wmfwYkd t&dyaf v; yg; em;rvnfb;l }} wJ/h tjcm;OD;Zif;? ud&k ifawGu em;rvnfwmeJY 0dik ;f ar;Muwmayhg/ ]]t&Sib f &k m; t&dyaf v;yg;qdw k m bmawGvb J &k m;}} qdak wmh ]]ud, k af wmfwu Ykd vJ t&dyaf v;yg;qdw k m rod&if rSwx f m;- rus;D &dyçf wrm&dyçf xaemif;&dyçf ukuKdú &dy}f } qdak wmh ab;rSm&Sw d hJ OD;Zif;awG ud&k ifawG 0dik ;f &,fvu dk Mf uwmayhg/ tm;vH;k [m t&dyrf mS cd0k ifem;Muol awGcsnf;ygyJ/ t&dyfqdkwm at;jrwJhoabm vu©Pmudak qmifw,f/ ylavmifjyif;jywJt h yl 'Pfxu J vrf;avQmufvmolwpfa,muftzd?Yk t&dyfom olYtwGuf tzdk;rjzwfEdkifqHk;aom t&mwpfckyJ/ t&dyfeJYuif;rJhaevdkYvJ rjzpfEdkifyg/ t&dyu f kd cdv k zHI t Ykd wGuf taqmuftOD;awG trsKd ; rsKd ;aqmufMuw,f/ 'DZikd ;f trsKd ;rsKd ;? yHpk t H rsKd ;rsKd ; xGiNf y;D aqmufvyk u f m t&dycf Mkd uw,f/ acwf u vsijf refpmG wd;k wufaeawmh tmumoay: rSmwd?Yk yifv,fa&atmufrmS wdu Yk kd odyeHÜ nf;pepf awGeYJ wDxiG Nf y;D awmh aqmufvyk u f m t&dycf kd

a&TxD; (urÇm;wJ)

MuwmawG &SMd uw,f/ aygrsm;<u,f0wJhvlawGvnf; ayg oavmuf tqef;xGifum t&dyfcdkMuw,f/ raygrsm; r<u,f 0 ol a wG M ujyef a wmh v nf ; wJtdrfav;[m olwdkYtwGuf cdkvIHp&mt&dyf wpfckygyJ/ t&dyfqdkwm cdkvIHp&mjzpfw,f/ ud, k u f , kd w f ikd f t&dyq f u D o kd mG ;Ny;D cdv k w HI m&,f? NyD;awmh udk,hfqDrSmvmNyD; cdkvIHwm&,fqdkNyD; ESpfrsdK;uGJjym;w,f/ udk,hfqDudkvm&if udk,fu at;jrjcif;udkay;&ovdk olYqDudkoGm;&ifvnf; olu at;jrjcif;udk ay;&rSmyJjzpfw,f/ tJ'v D kd t&dyaf wGrsm;pGmxJu b,ft&dyu f tat;jr qHk;jzpfrvJ¿/ bk&m;&Sifa[mxm;wJht&dyfu ig;yg;&Sw d ,f/ tJ'gawGu1/ opfyif\t&dyf 2/ aqGrsdK;rdb\t&dyf 3/ rif;\t&dyf 4/ q&m\t&d y f 5/ bk&m;\t&dyf wdkYyJjzpfygw,f/ yXrqH;k opfyift&dyfu c&D;oGm;ol armyef;vmolwdkYtwGuf cPwmat;jrrIudk ay;w,f/ opfyif&yd af tmufrmS wa&;wrSw d f avmuf tdypf ufvu dk &f wJt h wGuf armyef;EGr;f e,fru I kd ajzazsmufay;w,f/ tJ ' D o pf y if t &d y f x uf o mvG e f w J h t&dyu f awmh aqGrsdK;rdbt&dyfy/J aqGrsKd ;rdb awGeYJ ae&wJt h wGuf vdt k yfwm&r,f? tyltyif r&Sd rsufESmrn§dK;&bl;/ wudk,fwnf;qdk&if ywf0ef;usi&f UJ zdEydS rf u I kd cH&r,f? rsuEf mS i,fr,f/ tJ'gaMumifh aqGrsKd ;rdbt&dyu f omvGeaf t;jr ygw,f/

aemuf t &d y f w pf c k u rif ; t&d y f ? rif;&SdwJhwkdif;jynfqdkwm jynfolawG&JUtouf td;k tdrf pnf;pdraf wGukd apmifah &Smufay;w,f/ 'kp½du k rf aI wGukd ESrd ef if;ay;w,f/ rw&m;rIawG udv k nf; w&m;ojzihf pD&ifay;w,f/ jynfoal wG ud k apmif h a &S m uf z d k Y t wG u f ppf w yf a wG e J Y um&Hay;w,f/ tJ'gaMumifh aqGrsKd ;rdbt&dyf xuf rif;&JUt&dyu f omvGeo f mG ;jyefw,f/ NyD ; awmh q&m\t&dyf? rod w m em;rvnf w m rwwf w mawG u d k q&mu oGeo f ifñeT jf yqH;k ray;w,f/ a[m'gu ukov kd ?f a[m'guawmh tukov kd q f Nkd y;D awmh oGeo f if qH;k rwm/ vrf;aumif;vrf;rSeaf y:a&mufatmif ydkYay;wm q&mjzpfw,f/ rif;&JUt&dyfxuf q&m&JUt&dyfu ydkítomvGefqHk;jzpfw,f/ txufygt&dyaf wGxuf tomvGef qHk;? trGefjrwfqHk;? tat;jrqHk; t&dyfudk OD;Zif;wdkYawG &SmazGMunhfMur,f/ ]]wawm or®morÁK'¨geH qm,mokcg}} tm;vHk; aom t&d y f a wG x J r S m bk & m;&S i f & J U t&d y f [ m tat;qHk;? tjrwfqHk;}} ygwJh/ bk&m;&Sif&JU t&dyfatmufrSm cdkvIHrd&if tifrwefat;jr w,f / 'D w pf b 0wnf ; at;jrwmvm; r[kwfygbl ; / oH o &mtxd u d k at;jrvd k Y aerS m / owå0gawGrmS tylawGrsm;Muw,f/ tJ't D ylawGu bmawGv/J rD; (11) yg;qdw k hJ k t hJ jyify&l ,fqNkd y;D twGi;f yl&,f? tm½Hik g;yg;qdw ESprf sKd ;&Sw d ,f/ twGi;f yltjyifyq l Nkd y;D ESpcf ak ygif; pmrsufESm 29 odkY

TALKS ABOUT THE DHAMMA "r®0D&onf ax&0g' ]oeEÅ&}xGef;um;&efjzpfonf/

jrefrmEkdifiHawmfa'ot&yf&yfwdk Y ü t&n0goDawm&yfrSDvsufaeavh&Sdawmfrlaom

r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf 0e0goDaO,s"r®omrdr[max&f a&;om;pD&ifawmfrlaom "ar®m0g'uxm

omoemawmfBuD; \ a&aomufjrpfoHk;oG,f (omoem jyKvkyfief;tydkif;) (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) omoemjyKvk y f i ef ; tydik ;f [lonf odum© wdt Yk qihq f ifw h uf &ihu f suv f mjcif;udk rSí D xyfqihq f pfyikd ;f ydik ;f a0xm;&mrsm;jzpf&um;... þtydik ;f onf a&SUtydik ;f aemuftydik ;f rsm;ESifh ruif;paumif;? a&SUtydifk ;f onf þtydik ;f aemuftydik ;f rsm;ESifh ruif;paumif; aemuftydik ;f onfvnf; þtydik ;f ta&SUydik ;f rsm;ESifh ruif;p aumif;? uif;cJah omf vl? vufeuf? &dum© wdjYk zihf csw D ufaeaom ppfwyf cg;v,fjywfvsuf &efov Yl uf 0uGut f yfvu dk &f onfyrm... wpfzef ajcvsiw f yf? jrif;wyf? &xm;wyf? qifwyfwjYkd zihf ppfcsD vmaomwyf wyfwyfcsi;f tqufjywfum &efot l owfc&H onfyrm.. omoemjyKvsuu f omoemzsupf m&if; toGi;f cH&wwfacs onf/ þü omoemjyKvyk if ef;[lonf bHAk rd mefeef;jyóm'fBu;D rsm; xD;xD;rm;rm; ay:aygufvmapjcif; vnf;r[kw/f vlpnfum;apjcif;? vmbfoyÜumaygrsm;apjcif;vnf; r[kw/f pifppf xdktjcif;t&mrsm;onf omoemjyK&m\ tajccH ud&, d mwefqmyvmrsm;omjzpfacs\/ ukeyf pön;f wpfcx k w k v f yk af &mif; cs&m\ xkyfydk;ud&d,myrmrQom &Sdacsao;\/ pifppf xdt k jcif;t&mrsm;onf wrifzefw;D ,l&aom udprö sK;d vnf;r[kw?f omoemwnfrv d m&mrS ay:xGe;f vmaom odum© *kPw f \ Ykd owdåjypnf;pdrftNcHt&HrsKd;udkom jzpfygacs\/ aumif;rIjyK&mrS aumif;usKd;cHpm;vm&aom ewfom;wpfyg; \ b0orÜwaåd bm*orÜwyåd rmaom pnf;pdrt f Nct H &HrsK;d rsm;om qdu k rrSm;wef&m/ xdt k jcif;t&mrsm;onf pifppf ud, k u hf pd Nö y;D pD;&ef\ taxmuf tulr[kwo f nft h jyif vdo k nfxuf ydv k mvQiu f m; oGm;aeaom c&D;ajc vSr;f tm;a&SUrS ajcxd;k cHvsuu f twm;cHvu kd &f onfyrm arSmufvsuv f J zdkYom &Sdacs\/ tjyifvif;tm;Bu;D u twGi;f v,facgif tarSmifuswwf\/ twGif;vif;tm;BuD;aomf tjyifvnf;vif; twGif;vnf;

&Sif;wwf\/ odyYk gaomaMumih.f ... omoemjyKvyk if ef;Bu;D udk 0ifa&mufuikd w f , G v f Mkd uygukeaf om olawmfaumif;tpm;pm; 0efxrf;om;rsm;onf... (u) OD;pGm rdrüd omoemoH;k &yf tNrrJ jywf ude;f wnf aeap&ygrnf/ (c) xdkodkY udef;wnf&ef rdrdESihf avsmufywfaom usipfh Ofuv kd nf;aumi;f? rdrEd iS afh vsmufywfaom q&mjrwfov Ydk nf;aumif; rjywf csO;f uyfEidk &f rnf/ (*) xdaYk emuf rdrüd wnf&adS eaom "r®"mwf a0ae,s wdo Yk Ykd vTr;f ywfued ;f wnfomG ;&ef teD;uyfcsO;f ? jzefaY 0jcif;trI jyKusi&fh rnf/ odkYrSom olawmfoavmufudk,faumif;í udk,faumif;o avmuf olawmfvmrnfh olawmfaumif;w&m; xGe;f um;vmaponf/ olawmfaumif;w&m; xGe;f um;apvdo k l þvrf;rSwpfyg; tjcm;a&G;cs,f p&mr&SdNyD/ twkwlESihf tElEl rjzpfapoihf temBu;D a&m*g[k q&m0efonf Ykd m; aq;0g;wdu k af uR;uko ud, k af &jym;a&m*g pGu J yfaeolwt ay;&müxdkq&m0efonfvnf;aumif;? xdkolemjyKonfvnf;aumif;? xdak q;0efxrf;onfvnf;aumif;? OD;pGm rdrüd a&m*gyd;k rxd;k usiafh p&ef umuG,fjcif;trI jyKpkxm;&m\/ rdrüd use;f rmoef&Y iS ;f a&m*guif;aomf uk|ElemonfwYkd tMum;oGm;í aq;0g;"mwfpmrsm; wdu k af uR; Mu&m\/ q&m0efonf rdrüd tema&m*gab; uif;a0;jcif;onf yxr wnf;/ q&m0efonf olwpfyg; a&m*gab; wdkufzsufay;&efonf 'kw, d wnf;/ odrYk o S m twlwEl iS t fh ElEb l 0 vGwu f if;Mu&rnf/ xdt Yk wl omoemh0efxrf;om;rsm;onfvnf; rdrüd OD;pGmomoemwnfapvsuf udavomtzsu'f Pf cHEikd f &nf&SdvmaomtcgwGifrSom olwpfyg;wdkY cHaeMu&aom udavom

TALKS ABOUT THE DHAMMA

]oeEÅ&} [lonf urÇmtpOftquf razmufrjyef rSefpGmwnf&Sdaom w&m;jzpfonf/

tzsu'f Pf? xdo k nf&h efrmefrsm;udk wGe;f vSeNf zKd zsuaf y;rI jyKpk&acsonf/ xko d Ykd jyKpak pmihaf &SmufrI ay;&mü.. u/ rdrdü omoemwnfaebdodkY olwpfyg;wdkYxHüvnf; omoemwnfMuygap/ c/ rdro d nf t&Süd todqu kd af ebdoYkd olwpfyg;wdv Yk nf; t&Sd ü todqu kd v f mMuygap/ */ rdro d nf "r®&o 0drw k &åd o t&omESpyf g; wpfyg;yg; cHpm; ae&bdoYkd olwpfyg;wdv Yk nf; xdw k &m;t&omESpyf g; wpfyg;yg; cHpm;cGihf omMuygap/ þuJhodkY uJrGefaom apwemqE´? ZGJvHkYvwdkYudk tqmoGif; vsuu f wpfyg;olwt Ykd m; a[majymjyorI qdq k ;kH rrI jyKoiht f yf\/ xdo k Ykd jyKjcif;onfom omoemjyKvyk if ef;ppfppf jzpfxu kd &f m \/ omoemjyKvkyfief;[lonf bmudkac:oenf;/ tar;xkwf aomf.... omoemjyKvyk if ef;[lonf bk&m;&Si\ f tqH;k trawmfrsm; jzpfMuavaom omoemawmf oH;k &yfwu Ykd kd ud, k u f , kd w f ikd v f nf; xd;k xGi;f od? olwpfyg;wdt Yk m;vnf; xd;k xGi;f od odapjcif;yifwnf;[lí tyfusrwfus ajzqdt k yfv\ S / xdkodkY odapjcif;jzihf a0ae,stpm;pm; tEkt&ihrf sm;wdo Yk nf rdrd rdrw d üYkd &Sad eMu ygukeaf om t½dik ;f pdwx f m; xdt k rSm;rsm;udk u/ oDvü wnfvsuu f t,OfbufoYkd oufapjcif;? c/ ,OfNy;D aomf orm"düwnfvsuu f tNird ;f buf wufapjcif;? */ Nird ;f csr;f vmaomf ynmü wnfvsuu f todbuf xGuaf p jcif;/ xdq k E´ xdck sijf cif;tm;rsm; wzGm;zGm; ude;f apEkid o f nf/ xdo k Ykd om ude;f wnfvmygaomfum; omoemawmf oef&Y iS ;f wnfwjhH yefyY mG ;&ef[al om rl0g'oH;k csuf wdkYwGif 1/ oDvüwnfaejcif;jzihf omoemawmfoef&Y iS ;f ap &m\/ 2/ orm"düwnfaejcif;jzihf omoemawmf wnfwhH ap&m\/ 3/ ynmüwnfaejcif;jzihf omoemawmfxGef;um; jyefYyGm;ap&m\/ 4/ oH;k csupf t kH ukew f nfaejcif;jzihf omoemhtvif; urÇmodkYtxd csOf;eif;ap&m\/ þodaYk om omoemjyKvyk if ef;onfom bk&m;tvdak wmfus rsKd;aphcs omoemjyKvkyfief;rnfygacs\/ þodaYk om omoemjyKvyk if ef;onfom bk&m;tvdak wmfus omoemhtarG cHxu kd pf mG aom omoemjyKvyk if ef;rnfygacs\/ þum; omoemjyKvyk if ef;\ pum;t"dymÜ ,fwnf;/ omoemjyKESpfrsKd; omoemjyKvyk if ef;onfum;... 1/ ud, k w f iG ;f ü wnfapaom omoemjyKvyk if ef;u wpfrsKd;? 2/ udk,fyü wnfapaom omoemjyKvkyfief;u wpfrsKd;? þodkYvQif ESpfrsKd;ESpfpm; uGJjym;jcm;aeacs\/

xdkESpfrsKd;wdkYwGif 1/ ud, k w f iG ;f wnf omoemjyKvyk if ef;onf bk&m; a[mxm; usipfh Ofrsm;udk usu-f usi-hf odwjYkd zifh ude;f wnfapjcif;yifwnf;/ (u) bk&m;&Sio f ad pvdak om avmu\ oabmobm 0rsm;udkvnf;aumif;? avmu\ jyify&Sd oabmobm0rsm;udkvnf; aumif;? bk&m;a[mxm; w&m;pum;awmfrsm; twGif; owdÓPf oGi;f ay;vsuu f xuf0ef;usiEf UHS pyfpmG (usr;f ½d;k wpfavQmuf aygufa&muf pGm) avhusujf cif; y&d,wdo å moem? (c) wpfzef bk&m;a[mxm; xdw k &m;pum;awmfrsm; udk tpujyef wpfzefxyf ud, k chf E¨mtod owduyfvsuu f usiBfh ujH cif; tpGJodudk ajc&mcH rSwfoduwpfzef jyefvSefumar;cGef;xkwfxm;onfh tvm; jznhfusihfrSwfom;jcif;? pl;prf;avhvmjcif;? oHk;oyfqifjcifjcif; y#dywdo å moem? (*) wpf z ef owd a c: rS w f o d p d w f \ aph p yf t m; pl;pdu k t f m;wdjYk zihf cE¨m\ twGi;f om;qdu k f olv Y yI &f mS ;rIukd vdu k v f suu f Edu I af y;xm;onft h wdik ;f þum; þvdk xdu k m;xdo k Ykd [lí t&St d wdik ;f wefjyefxrd d xd;k xGi;f odojd cif; y#da0'omoemxdo k ;kH jzmwdYk ude;f wnfap jcif;yifwnf;/ 2/ ud, k yf om oemjyKvyk if ef;onfum; rdrüd rqHah wmhí ab;&Sd a0ae,swu Ykd kd jzefaY 0vsuu f xyfqihu f ed ;f wnfapjcif;wnf;/ odrYk [kwf o'¨gtm;ud&k if;pm;xm;vsuu f Adv k if g;yg; psmefig;yg; aAmZÑif ckepfyg; £a`E´rsm;jzihf yGm;xHkxm;aom "r®tm;"mwftm;BuD; zGHUNzdK;wdk; wufvmaomtcg olwpfyg;wdt Yk m;vnf; rdru d o hJ Ykd odapvdk &Sad pvdak om o'¨gqE´tm; wzGm;zGm;ay:xGe;f vmap\/ xdo k '¨gtm; qE´tm;rsm;jzihf wGe;f tm;ay;jcif;? rdrt d m; ypön;f av;yg;wdjYk zihf axmufyihaf jrm§ ufux l m; olrsm;udk wHv Yk n S w fh pfzef jyefveS af us;Zl;qyfvjkd cif;rsm;jzihf wGe;f tm;ay; jcif;yifwnf;/ qdv k o kd nfrmS .... ud, k w f ikd o f u d kd ud, k yf ikd &f o dS t Ydk xd qdu k af paom jznhu f sijfh cif; jzihf ud, k w f iG ;f omoem xlaxmifNy;D rSom olwpfyg; omoem taxmuf tulpk jyKay;jcif;yif/ þü t"duOD;pm;ay;onf ud, k w f ikd u f sifh ud, k w f ikd o f &d efyif odrYk [kwf ud, k phf um; ud, k ef m;axmif&efyif/ ud, k phf um; ud, k u f , kd w f ikd u f rS em;raxmifygbJvsuu f wpfzufom;em;axmifcikd ;f &jcif;onf tvGef rvG,u f al om tvkyrf sK;d wnf;/ odaYk Mumih.f ..omoemjyK0efxrf;wdt Yk wGuf Oya'oum; u/ ud, k phf um; ud, k ef m;axmifyg(ajymovdv k yk í f vkyo f vdk omajymyg) c/ Ny;D rS ud, k phf um; trsm;em;axmifvm&ef BuKd ;pm;yg/ [l\... þü (u) OD;pm;ay;aom bmoemjyKvyk if ef;Bu;D atmifjrif vQif trSwf(c) omoemjyKvkyfief;vnf; tNyD;tpD; atmifjrifNyDom rSw, f yl gav.... (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )

COVER SPECIAL DHAMMAPADA FEATURES ax&0g'onf umvra&G;? a'ora&G;? rSefaomopömjzpfonf/ rsufESmzkH;rS rmwdumtrnf&Sdaom wcJeufaom tdrfajcae&mXmewdkYjzihf vGefpGm jynh0f pnfum;vSaom wpfcak om&Gmonf &Sad y\/ xkdtcg wpfaeYü ajcmufusdyfrQaom &[ef;awmf t&SifwdkY onf jrwf p G m bk & m;&S i f t xH a wmf ü t&[wå z d k v f w d k i f a tmif a om ur®|mef;w&m;udak [mMum;cs;D jri§ afh wmfryl grnft h aMumif;udk awmif;yef avQmufxm;a[mMum;apawmfrv l su?f ,if;ur®|mef;udk oif,Nl y;D aomf tqdyk g rmwdum&GmodYk oGm;a&mufí qGr;f tvdiYk mS &GmwGi;f odYk <u0if awmfrMl uukeo f nf/ xdt k cg rmwdum&Gmü &Gm&Sio f Bl u;D onf rmwdumtrnf&\ dS / xdk&GmolBuD;\ trd rmwdumrmwmtrnf&Sdaom 'g,dumrBuD;onf qGr;f tvdiYk mS <u0ifawmfrv l mukeaf om &[ef;awmft&Sijf rwfwu Ykd kd jrifí rdr\ d tdrx f ufoYkd yihzf w d í f xdik af eoDwif;oH;k apNy;D txl;xl; tjym;jym; rsm;pGmaom aumif;jrwfaom t&om&Sdaom ,m*kqGrf;jzihf jyKpk vkyaf uR;Ny;D aomf t&Sijf rwfwYkd b,ft&yfb,fa'oodYk <uawmfrjl cif; f enf;[k ar;avQmuf\/ iSmtvd&k adS wmfrMl uygukeo ]]'g,dumrBu;D igwdo Yk nf csr;f omaom t&yfXmeü oyÜg, jzpf a vmuf o nf u k d arQmf a xmuf v S n h f v nf M unh f ½ I a yownf ; } [k rdeaYf wmfrMl uvQif 'g,dumrBu;D onf t&Siaf umif;t&Sijf rwfw f o Ykd nfum; 0gqdk&mt&yfudk &SmrSD;awmfrlMuukefavownf;[laom trSwfjzihf wyftyfwnhw f nho f Nd y;D jzpfí ajc&if;ü 0yfvQKd ;&Scd ;kd OD;wifNy;D vQif ]t&Sif aumif;t&SifjrwfwdkYonf þt&yfXmeü 0gwGif;oHk;vumvywfvHk; tu,fíoDwif;oHk;awmfrlMuukefonfjzpfcJhygtHh? wynhfawmfronf o&P*HkESihfwuG ig;yg;oDvawmfjrwfudk cH,laqmufwnfí Oykof apmiho f ;kH jcif;trIukd jyKygtH}h [kavQmufMum;\/ &[ef;awmft&Sijf rwfwu Ykd vnf; ]igwdo Yk nf þ'g,dumrBu;D udk trS&D í qGr;f jzihf ryifyef;yJ? b0rSxu G af jrmuf&mudk jyKjcif;iSm pGr;f Ekid u f ek v f wåUH } [k qifjcifawmfrMl uNy;D 0efcMH uuke\ f / xd'k g,dumrBu;D onf &[ef;awmft&Sijf rwfw\ Ykd oDwif;oH;k &mjzpfaom ausmif;&yfukd okwfoifjyKjyifí ay;vSLav\/ &[ef;awmft&SifjrwfwdkYuvnf; xd'k g,dumrBu;D aqmufvyk v f LS 'gef;aom ausmif;üomvQif oDwif;oH;k awmfrMl uvsuf wpfaeYoü pnf;a0;awmfrMl uítcsi;f csi;f qH;k rMuukef \/ ]igY&iS w f Ykd igwko Yd nf arhavsmah om tusiu fh u kd sijfh cif;iSm rtyf? igwdkY\ae&mausmif;uJhodkY? i&JBuD;&SpfxyfwdkYonf [if;vif;yGihfaom wHcg;&Sdukef\/ pifppftm;jzihfum; jrwfpGmbk&m;\txHü ur®|mef;udk oif,í l igwdv Yk mcJah vuke\ f / jrwfpmG bk&m;wdrYk nfonfum; tqifq h ifh rjywf z0g;csif;xyfatmif rjywfpOfquf vdkufvsufoGm;vm ,lZem wpf&ma0;uGm xkwfacsmuf a&mufojzihfvnf; ESpfoufapjcif;iSm rwwfaumif;? jrwfvpS mG aom tZÑmo,jziho f mvQif ESpo f ufapjcif; iS m wwf E k d i f a umif ; ayonf / rarh a vsmh o nf j zpf M uyguk e f a vmh / ESpaf ,mufuek af om olwo Ykd nf wpfae&mwnf;ü r&yfrwnftyf/ rae xdik t f yf/ ncsrf;aomtcg rax&fxHcpm;qnf;uyfaomtcgüvnf; aumif; eHeufapmapmuyifvQif qGr;f cHcsed w f ikd af omtcgüvnf;aumif;? wpfaygif;wnf;jzpfMuuket f /hH <uif;aomtcgüESpaf ,mufuek af om olwYkd onf waygif;wnf; rjzpfMuuket f /hH ruse;f rrm a&m*gjzpfaom &[ef; onfvmí ausmif;tv,fü&Sdaom ausmufpnfudk xdk;cwfojzihf ausmufpnfx;kd cwfaom trSwjf zihf vmNy;D vQif xd&k [ef;tm; aq;trI

Continue from front page There, Ma-tika Ma-ta, mother of the village headman, offered them almsfood; she also built a shelter for them, so that they could stay in the village during the rainy season. One day, she requested the bhikkhus to teach her meditation. They thought her how to meditate on the thirty-two constituents of the body leading to the awareness of the decay and dissolution of the body. Ma-tika Ma-ta practised with diligence and attained the third stage of Sainthood together with extraordinary knowledge and mental power, even before the bhikkhus did. With the Divine Power of Sight (Dibbacakku) she saw that the bhikkhus had not attained Insight. She also learned that these bhikkhus had enough potential for the attainment of Arahanthood but that they needed proper food because a weak body will not allow the mind to function at it best. So, she prepared nutritious food for them. With nutritious food and right effort, the bhikkhus developed right concentration and eventually attained Arahanthood. At the end of the rainy season, the bhikkhus returned to the Jetavana monastery, where the Buddha was in residence. They reported to the Buddha that all of them were in good health and in comfortable circumstances and that they did not have to worry about food. They also mentioned Ma-tika Ma-ta who had been aware of their thoughts and had affered them the very good food that was necessary to keep them in good health which is important for proper concentration. A certain bhikkhu, hearing them talking about Ma-tika Ma-ta, decided that he too would go to the village. So, taking a subject of meditation from the Buddha he arrived at the village monastery. There, he fond that everything he wished for was sent to him by Matika Ma-ta. When he wishes for some food she personally came to the monastery, bringine along choice food with her. After taking the food, he asked her if she really could read the thoughts of others, but she evaded his question and replied. "People who can read thoughts of others behave in such and such a way." Then, the bhikkhu thought, "If I, like an ordinary worldling, should entertain any impure thoughts, and if she can really read thoughts, she is sure to think ill of me." He, therefore became afraid of the lay devote and decided to return to the Jetavana monastery. He told the Buddha that he could not stay in Matika village because he was afriad that the lay devote might detect impure thoughts in him. The Buddha then advised him to observe just one thing, that is to control his mind. He also advised him to return to the village and not to think of anything else but the object of his meditation. The bhikkhu returned and Matika Mata offered him nutritious food as she had done to the others before, so that he might be able to practise meditation without worry. Within a short time, he too purified his mind and attained Arahanthood. With reference to this bhikkhu, the Buddha spoke in verse as follows: Verse 35: The mind is difficult to control; swiftly and lightly, it moves and lands wherever it pleases.

COVER SPECIAL DHAMMAPADA FEATURES

umvra&G;? a'ora&G;? rSefaomopömonf tESpfom& oabm&Sd\/

udjk yKMuuket f [ hH k uwdu0wfjyKíaeMuuke\ f / wpfaeYaomtcg rmwdumrmwm'g,dumrBu;D onf axmywf? qD? wifvJ? oumponfwdkYudk ,laqmifvsuf ncsrf;aom tcgü xdak usmif;odo Yk mG ;aomtcg &[ef;wdu Yk kd rjrifaomaMumihf xdak usmif;&Sd a,musf m ;tcsKd U wd k Y u d k a r;&m xd k & [ef ; awmf w d k Y o nf nOf h o ef Y &maeYoefY&mt&yfwdkYü aeukefonfjzpfayukefvwåHU/ ausmif;v,f&Sd ausmufpnfudk xdk;cwfonf&Sdaomf &[ef;wdkY pnf;a0;MuukefvwåHU[k ajymqdkMuav\/ xdk'g,dumrBuD;onf ausmufpnfudk xdk;cwfap\/ &[ef; awmfwv Ykd nf;ausmufpnfoMH um;í rdrw d aYkd eYoef&Y mae&mt&yfwrYkd S xGuf vmcJhíausmif;v,füpnf;a0;Muukef\/ ESpfa,mufaomolwdkYonf wpfckwnf;aomc&D;jzihf vmjcif;rnfonfr&Sd/ wpfckwpfckaom t&yfrS wpfyg;wpfyg;csi;f omvQif <uvmMuonfukd 'g,dumrBu;D jrifí ig\ om;&[ef;awmfwdkYonf tcsif;csif;cdkuf&efjiif;cHkjzpfMuyHk&onf[k xif um &[ef;oHCmtaygif;wdu Yk kd ½dak ojrwfE;kd &Scd ;kd Ny;D vQif t&Sib f &k m;wdYk t&SifjrwfwdkYonf tcsif;csif;jiif;cHkcdkuf&efjyKMuygukefoavm[k ar; avQmufav\/ 'g,dumrBu;D igwdo Yk nf jiif;cHck u kd &f ef rjyKMuyguke[ f k rdeq Yf kd Muuke\ f / t&Sib f &k m;wdYk tu,fícdu k &f efjiif;cHrk &SMd uygvsuf waygif; wpfcsufwnf; r<uvmMubJ wpfckwpfckaomae&mXmersm;rS wpfyg; csi;f om tb,faMumih<f uvmMuygoenf;[k ar;avQmuf\/ 'g,dumrBuD; igwdkYonf wpfckwpfckpDaom t&yfXmeü aeukev f suf &[ef;w&m;udjk yKMuuke\ f [k rdeq Yf akd wmfrMl uaomf xd&k [ef; w&m;rnfonfum;tb,fygenf;[kar;avQmuf\/ 'g,dumrBuD;rdrdcE¨udk,f twåabmü oHk;q,fhESpfyg;aom tjcif;t&mtpk[q k t kd yfaom 'Gwåd o H mum&wdu Yk kd o&ZÑm,fjcif;jyKMu uke\ f [k rdeq Yf akd wmfrMl uvQif t&Sib f &k m;wdYk todeYk nf; 'Gwdå o H mum& wdkYudk o&ZÑm,fjcif;jyKjcif;iSm twåabmü c,0,udk xifapjcif;iSm t&Sib f &k m;wdt Yk m;om tyfygoavm? okw dY nf;r[kwf wynhaf wmfrwdYk tm;vnf; tyfygoavm[kar;avQmuf\/ 'g,dumrBuD; þw&m;udk wpfpHkwpfa,mufaomoltm; rwm;jrpfrydwyf iftyf[k rdeaYf wmfro l nf&adS omf xdo k jYkd zpfvQif t&Sib f &k m; wdYk wynhaf wmfrtm;vnf; 'Gwdå o H m&uudk ay;oem;awmfrMl uygukef avmh? twåabmüvnf; c,0,udx k ifapjcif;iSm Mum;Muygukeaf vmh [k avQmuf\/ 'g,dumrBuD; xdkodkYjzpfvQif oif,lavavmh[kajymqdkí tvH;k pHu k kd oifapuke\ f / 'g,dumrBu;D onf xdt k cgrSpí 'Gwdå o H mum& wdu Yk kd o&ZÑm,fjcif;jyKvsuf rdru d , kd üf c,0,udx k ifapí xd&k [ef; awmfwx Ykd ufa&S;OD;uyifvQif r*fo;kH yg;wdo Yk v Ydk nf;aumif;? zdv k o f ;kH yg;wdYk onfvnf;aumif; a&mufav\/'g,dumrBu;D tm; r*foYkd a&mufonf ESifh wpfNyKd ief ufomvQif y#dord'Ç gav;yg; avmuDtbdnmOfwo Ykd nfvnf; vma&mufxifjrif&&Sdav\/ 'g,dumrBu;D 'onf r*fzv kd rf x S í 'dApÁ u©KjzihMf unh½f q I ifjcif vsuf ig\om;awmfwdkYonf tb,ftcgü þw&m;xl;udk &Muav oenf;[kpl;prf;qifjcifonf&Sdaomf? tvHk;pHkaom ig\om;wdkYonf avmb? a'go? arm[w&m;wdkY txift&Sm;&SdMuukefao;\/ psmef 0dyóemrQaomfvnf; r&Sad csao;/ todkYenf;? ig\om;wdkYtm; t&[wåzdkvf\jynhfpHktHhaom taMumif;jzpfaom Oyedó,&Sad voavm? r&So d avm[kqifjcifonf&dS

It is good to tame the mind, for a well-tamed mind brings happiness. At the end of the discourse, many of those assembled attained Sota-patti Fruition. Nyain Chan Oo

aomf Oyedó,&S\ d [k jrifNy;D í ausmif;tdy&f mae&mavsmufywfyg\ avm ravsmufywfygavoavm[k qifjcifjyefaomf avsmufywf onf u d k jrif N yD ; í yk * ¾ v oyÜ g ,ud k &avoavmqif j cif j yef a omf yk*¾voyÜg,& onfudkjrifNyD;í? tm[m&oyÜg,&ygukefavoavm? r&avoavm qifjcifjyefaomf? xdik g\ om;wdt Yk m; tm[m&oyÜm, r&Syd gacs wum; [kojd rifaomaMumihf 'g,dumrBu;D onf xdt k cgrSpí tfrd üf vnf; &[ef; wdu Yk ykd ihzf w d af exdik af pvsuf tvSLa&pufoeG ;f csay; vSLav\/ xd&k [ef;wdo Yk nf tvkt d m;avsmpf mG avsmufywfaom tm[m &wd k Y u d k &Muuk e f v suf ? pd w f o nf N rJ N rH c d k i f c H h p G m pd k u f x m;tyf a om ausmufwikd yf rmtvGew f &m wnfMunfaompdwjf zihf 0dyóemudk yGm; vsuf rMumrDyifvQif y#dord'Ç gwdEYk iS w hf uG t&[wåzv kd o f Ykd qdu k af &muf awmfrlMuavukef\/ xd&k [ef;awmfwo Ykd nf 0guRwí f y0g&PmjyKum om0wdj¬ ynf odkYoGm;Muvsuf jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; ñGwfys&Sdcdk;yefqifNyD;í oihfwifh f avsmufywfaom t&yfü xdik af eMuukeo f nf&adS omf jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu cspfom;&[ef;wdkY todkYenf;? cefYusef;Muyg\avm? rQwMuyg\avm? qGr;f jzihf ryifyef;bJ&MdS uyg\avm[k rdeaYf wmfr\ l / bkef;awmfBuD;awmfrlvSygaom jrwfpGmbk&m; wynhfawmfwdkY tm; cefYusif;rQwygukef\/ bkef;awmfBuD;awmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m; wynhf awmfwt Ykd m; qGr;f jzihf tb,frmS yifyef;EGr;f e,fjcif;&SEd idk yf gtHeh nf;/ rmwdum rmwmtrnf&Sdaom 'g,dumrBuD;onf wynhfawmfwdkY\ pdwt f vdu k kd odí avsmifywfaom tm[m&udjk yKjyifp&D ifí? ydv Yk LS vmyg onf[k rmwdum rmwm'g,dumrBu;D \ *kPaf us;Zl;pum;udk ajymqdk cs;D rGr;f avQmufxm; Muav\/ xdpk Ofrxif&mS ;aom tnw&&[ef;wpfyg;onf xdrk mwdum rmwm'g,dumrBu;D \ *kPaf us;Zl;pum;udMk um;odí xdt k &yfoYkd oGm;vdk onfjzpfaomaMumihf jrwfpmG bk&m;&Six f aH wmfrS ur®|mef;udk oif,í l aZw0efausmif;awmfrSxGufcJhNyD;aemuf rmwdum&GmodkYqdkufa&mufav \/ tqdyk gausmif;okaYd &mufaomtcg þrmwdumrnfaom 'g,d umrBu;D onf BupH nfwikd ;f odonf[q k Mkd u\/ igonf ,ck c&D;yef;cJ\ h / ausmif;udo k w k o f ifjcif;iSmrpGr;f ay/ igYtm;ausmif;udk okwo f ifay;&ef vlwpfa,mufapvTwyf grlaumif;avpG[Bk upH nfav\/ 'g,dumrBu;D onf tdrfüaevsufuyif þ&[ef;\tBuHtpnfudk odonfjzpfí vlwpfa,mufapvTwfum ausmif;udkoefY&Sif;ap\/ xdaYk emuf ¤if;tm*EÅKtnw&&[ef;onf qGr;f ponf abmZOf tm[m&wdu Yk kd BupH nfwikd ;f ? 'g,dumrBu;D u rvpfvyfatmif ydv Yk LS av\/ xdt k cg ¤if;tnw&&[ef;onf igBupH nfwikd ;f tvH;k pHw k u Ykd kd tb,foYkd od&í dS jyKpak vbdoenf;[k 'g,dumrBu;D tm;ar;\/ cspo f m; olwpfyg; wdkY\ pdwfudkodMuukefaom &[ef;wdkY trsm;tjym;yif&SdMuacs\[k 'g,dumrBu;D uajym\/ 'g,dumrBuD; wpfyg;aomoludk igrar;? toihfudkomvQif pmrsufESm 39 odkY

DHAMMA VIRAARTICLES umvtvdkuf? a'otvdkuf? rSefaomopömonf toGifoP²mefoabm&Sd\/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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a[mMum;ay;ygbk&m;} [k avQmufxm;onf/ ]tif; 'umBuD;u bk&m;omoem ESihfvnf;BuHK? enf;ay;vrf; jyrnfhq&mESihf vnf;BuKH ygvsuf cE¨m'kur© jywf oHo&mvnfwhJ vl? ewf? jA[®mudkawmihfw aeoudk;? cE¨m? 'k u © j ywf r nf h rsuf a rS m uf j yKa&; tcG i h f ta&;udv k ufvw T x f m;oud;k } [k rdeMYf um;onf/ ]rS e f v S y g wynh f a wmf & J U b0u rif;cçpmol\ 0efxrf;qdak wmh olq Y efpm;xm; awmh & J & oud k ; qd k o nf h t wd k i f ; &xm;wJ h cE¨mtwGuf pm;0wf aea&;u&Sdaeao;awmh t&S i f b k & m;csD ; jr§ i h f a y;r,f h w &m;aq;? raomuf o H k ; Ek d i f a o;ygbl ; bk & m;? 'ge? oDvuav;yJ yg&rDjznhfyg&ap? 'ge? oDv w&m;av;ud k o m wd k & S i f ; vd k & if ; a[may; ygbk&m;} [kavQmufxm; aomtcg q&mawmf u ]tif ; igwd k Y u yd Ü , ud k w if v d I i f u pum;w,f<u,foud;k uGUJ ? uJuJ owå0gwpfck uHwpfcak ygY? bk&m;&Siaf omfrS ruRwx f u kd o f u l dk rcRwfaybl;? bk&m;&SifuvJ xdkyk*¾dKvfowå0g rsKd ; ud k 'geuxm? oD v uxm? o*¾ uxmt&if;a[mMum;ayonfom iguvnf; ,ck olqE´&adS om wd&k iS ;f vd&k if; 'geuxm oDv uxmudk a[m&wmaygY} [k pOf;pm;Ny;D ]uJ 'umudw k ifviId f 'umu vlç ewfç jA[®ma&mufapwJh 'ge?uxm? oDvuxm wd&k if; vd&k iS ;f udo k ma[may;ygvdYk avQmufawmh usKyfuvJ 'umtvdkusa[may; &wmaygY? 'um rSwfayawmh ]]oDvpif? jzL? 'gevSL? a&mufrlok*wd? csrf;omjynhfwJh tJ'gudkom k af vonf/ usiahf yawmhAsm}}[k a[mMum; vdu ][if t&S i f b k & m;w&m;uvJ wd k a wmh v nf ; wd k v S c snf v m;bk & m;} [k OD ; wif v d I i f u &,f N yH K ;NyD ; avQmuf o nf /

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/

EIwfxGufpum; owdxm; vlom;tm;vkH;wdkYonf wpfaeYvQif EIwrf S pum;vk;H a& ESpaf omif;rS ESpaf omif;cGJ txd ysr;f rQtm;jzihf ajymqkMd uonf[k okaw oejyKMuolrsm;u qkd\/ eHeuftdyf&mrSx uwnf;u ntdyf&m0ifonftxd wpfaeYwm ajymqkad eaom pum;vk;H rsm;wGif tjypfjzpfap aompum; (tukov kd jf zpfapaompum;) ESifh tjypfuif;aompum; (ukokdvfjzpfapaom pum;) ,S O f M unf h y gvQif rnf o nh f b uf u tav;omrnfxifygoenf;/ tm;vk;H yif odEidk f Murnf x if y gonf / tuk o d k v f j zpf a paom pum;rsm;om tav;omrnf a ocsmyg\/ (aomwmyeftp&Sad om t&d,myk*K¾ v d rf sm;tm; `cGif;csuftjzpf xm;&rnfjzpfonf/) avmuBuD;xJü vlwpfa,mufjzpf vmvQif pum;wpfvkH;rQ rajymbJaeír&/ aevnf; raeEkid yf g/ odaYk omf ZmwfBu;D q,fbUJG rS bk&m;tavmif; awrdrif;om;onf EIw0f pD ab;\tjypf u k d a Mumuf a omaMumih f v nf ; aumif;? rif;jzpf&rnfudk aMumufaomaMumihf vnf;aumif; r,fawmf\0rf;Mumwku d rf S zGm;jrif onhft&G,frSpí (16)ESpfom;txd pum; rajymbJ aevmcJ h o nf / pum;ajym&ef taMumif;w&m;wdkY aygif;pkHvmaomtcg^ rajymvQirf jzpfonht f ajctaeodYk a&mufaom tcg ajym&avawmhonf/ EIwrf S xGuaf y:vmaom pum;vk;H wdo Yk nf vGepf mG ta&;Bu;D vSayonf/ avmu wGif vlwo Ykd nf tema&m*gaMumihf ao&jcif;? a&epf? um;arSmuf pojzihf vQyw f jyufao& jcif;? ckduf&efjzpfyGm;rIaMumihf ao&jcif; [lí aojcif; trsKd;rsKd;&Sd&m ckduf&efjzpfyGm;&mrS ao&jcif;onf EIwaf Mumifh ao&jcif;jzpfonf/ EIwfaMumihf aoqkH;&onhftjzpfrsm;ukd rIcif; *sme,f? r*¾Zif;? pmapmifrsm;wGif awGU&SdEkdif ygonf/ rI c if ; *sme,f w pf a pmif w G i f ]]EI w f aMumifah o}} [laom owif;wpfy'k u f dk pma&; olzwfvkduf&onf/ jzpfpOfrSm &Gmwpf&GmwGif xif ; ck w f í jyef v mMuaom ol i ,f c sif ; ES p f a,muf t&ufqkdifwpfqkdifwGif t&uf0if aomufMuonfq\ dk / t&ufqidk rf x S í tdro f Ykd jyefvmMu&m vrf;wGif oli,fcsi;f ESpaf ,muf wpfa,mufEiS w fh pfa,muf uspD ,fvmMuonf/ ]]a[haumif rif;vufxu J xif;ckwf

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xdckdufEkdifjim;? tajymrsm;? rrSm;a&SmifMuOf yg/ xkdYaMumihf pum;ajymqkd&mwGif rdrd olwpfyg; xdcu dk af prnfph um;rsK;d ukd a&Smif&mS ; &ayrnf/ pum;qkdonfrSm ajymwkdif;aumif; onfr[kwyf g/ rdrad jymaompum;onf ]]or®m 0gpm}} aumif;aompum;jzpfzkdY vkdayonf/ ]]okbmodwmp ,m0gpm? {wH r*FvrkwårH}} aumif;aompum;ukd ajymqkjd cif;onf aumif; jrwfaomr*Fvmw&m;awmfEiS fh nDygay\ [k r*Fvokwfü jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif a[mMum;cJh avonf/ o*¾*w0*¾ oH,w k yf gVdawmf- okbm odwmokwåefüÄ rkom0g'g- vdrn f majymqkjd cif;/ Ä z½k o 0gpm- qJ a &;wd k i f ; xG m ajymqk d j cif ; ? Murf;wrf;pGmajymqkdjcif;/ Ä ydoP k 0gpm- uke;f wku d ^f uke;f acsmjcif;/ Ä oræyv Ü my0gpm- twif;ajympum;^odrzf si;f aompum;ajymqkdjcif; wdkYukd a&SmifMuOfvQif ok b mod w m^"r® b mod w mjzpf a vonf / þae&mü owd j yK&rnf r S m aumif;aom pum;rsm;uk d a jymqk d a erS or® m 0gpm jzpf w m r[k w f y g/ aumif ; aompum; uk d v nf ; rajym^raumif ; aompum;ud k vnf;rqk/d EIw0f pDudk xde;f odr;f í vkt d yfrS omvQif vk d t yf o a&G U om ajymqk d j cif ;

DHAMMA VIRAARTICLES

"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ Ak'¨a*gwr a[mMum;awmfrlonhf w&m;awmf\ y"meOD;wnf&nfreS ;f csurf mS 'ku© Nird ;f csr;f a&;? yuwdNird ;f csr;f a&; (oEÅo d ck ) jzpf ygonf/ xd'k u k N© ird ;f csr;f a&;? yuwdNird ;f csr;f a&; (oEÅo d ck ) twGuf Ak'u ¨ opömav;yg; jrwf w&m;udk a[mMum;awmfrcl yhJ gonf/ Ak't ¨ bd"r®m \ tESp?f w&m;ud, k o f abmrSm opömav;yg; w&m;awmfyifjzpfygonf/ opömav;yg;rSm 'ku© opöm? ork',opöm? eda&m"opöm? r*¾opöm [líjzpf\/ xdkopömav;yg;wdkYrSm tusdK;ESihf taMumif; ESpfpHkjzpfygonf/ 'ku©opömonf tusKd ;jzpfí ork',opömonf taMumif;jzpf ygonf/ tvm;wlyif eda&m"opömonf tusKd ; jzpfí r*¾opömonf taMumif;jzpfygonf/ 'kuo © pömESifh ork',opömtaMumif;udk "r®0&D *sme,frSmyif a&;om;azmfjycJhNyD;jzpfygonf/ ,ckwpfzef r*¾opömudk azmfjyygrnf/ odkYjzpf vQif eda&m"opömudkcsef&pfcJhawmhrnfvm;[k ar;zG,f&Sdygonf/ pifppf eda&m"opömonf tusdK;jzpfaomaMumihf 'ku©opöm\taMumif; jzpfonfh ork',opömudk azmfjy&müvnf; eda&m"opömtaMumif; wpfpw d w f pfyikd ;f ygoGm; ygNy/D ,ck r*¾opömudk azmfjy&müvnf; eda&m" opömtaMumif; ygygOD;rnf/ 'kuo © pömonf ork',opömqdak om taMumif ; aMumif h jzpf a y:vmonh f t usd K ; jzpfonf/ 'kuo © pömonf od&rnf? odatmif vkyf&rnf? odNyD;jzpfae&rnhfw&m;jzpfonf/ 'kuo © pömudk odNy;D jzpfvQif 'kuo © pömtusKd ;udk jzpfaponhf ork',opömtaMumif;udk od&yg rnf/ wPSmaMumihf b0jzpfonf/ (b0qdo k nf udk þ"r®0&D *sme,f? twG-J 8? trSwf (10)ü azmfjycJhNyD;jzpfygonf/ BudKufESpfoufrI (eE´D) aMumifh tvd(k qE´)jzpfonf/ tvd(k qE´)aMumihf wyfrufrI (wPSm)jzpfonf/ wPSm&ihrf aI Mumifh pGpJ v JG rf;vrf; wyfrufr(I &m*)jzpfonf/ vdck sif zG,f (umr)udkvnf;aumif;? b0quft,l (oów'd|)d udv k nf;aumif;? b0jywft,l k nf;aumif; ESpo f ufrI (eE´)d ? (Oapä''d|)d udv wyfrufrI (wPSm)? pGpJ v JG rf;vrf;wyfrufrI (&m*) wdaYk Mumihf 'kuj© zpf&onf? qif;&J&onf/ qif;&J ('ku©) b0oHo&mvnf&onf/ þonfrSm 'kuj© zpf jcif;? qif;&Jjcif;\taMumif;jzpfonf/ þ taMumif;rSm y,f&rnhfudpö[k a&S;OD;pGm odatmifvkyf&rnf/ odNyD;vQif y,f&rnf/ xdaYk emuf y,fNy;D jzpf&rnf/ y,fNy;D vQif 'kuN© ird ;f Ny/D yuwdNird ;f rI (oEÅo d ck ) &Ny/D eda&m"qdu k f Ny/D edAmÁ efa&mufNy/D

r*¾opöm xGef;wihfatmif

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DHAMMA VIRAARTICLES

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ausmfvGefpGm usihfoHk;jcif;udkqdkjcif;jzpfonf/ umr (vdck sizf , G )f wdu Yk kd 'Gm&ajcmuf aygufwjYkd zihf vdck sio f nf/ rsupf jd zihf vdck sio f nf/ em;jzihf vdkcsifonf/ ESmacgif;jzihfvdkcsifonf/ vQmjzihv f ckd sio f nf/ ud, k jf zihv f ckd sio f nf/ pdwf (re) jzihv f ckd sio f nf/ xd'k mG &ajcmufaygufwjYkd zihf vdck siw f idk ;f vnf; tjypfjzpfrnfr[kw/f xd'k mG & ajcmufaygufwdkYu jrifjcif;? Mum;jcif;? eHjcif;? vsujf cif;? t&omawGUjcif;? xdawGUjcif;? awG;BuH jcif;qdkonfwdkYrSm obm0jzpfonf/ xdk'Gm& ajcmufaygufwu Ykd obm0twkid ;f tvkyv f yk Mf u jcif;jzpfonf/ xdk'Gm&wdkYu obm0twkdif; tvkyv f yk o f nfukd obm0twkid ;f jrif? Mum;? eH? vsu?f t&omawGU? xdawGU? awG;Buo H nf udk ausmv f eG Nf y;D avmb? a'go? arm[qdak om rolawmftaygif;tazmfrsm;ESihf t"r®vk,uf ,liifNy;D rawmfrw&m;tvGet f uRH cHpm;jcif;udk om umarokrdpämpm&[kac:jcif;jzpfonf/ Oyrm- rsufpdu zefcGufudkjrifonfqdkygpdkY/ avmuynwft& zefcu G [ f ak c:onf/ jzLonf jymonf[ak c:onf/ &Sno f nf? ykonf? vH;k 0ef; onf [ k a c:onf / ponf r Qom od & rnf / aumif;onf? raumif;qDvv Ykd nf;aumif;? BuKd uf onf rBud K uf q D o d k Y v nf ; aumif ; roG m ;&/ aumif;onf? ESpo f uf? BuKd uo f nf (eE´)D qkv d Qif vdck sirf nf (qE´)/ vdck sirf I (qE´) tm;Bu;D vm vQif wyfrufrnf (wPSm)? wPSm&ifv h mvQif pGJvrf;rnf (&m*)/ ,if;wdkYonf avmbe,f om;rsm; jzpfaomaMumifh tukov kd jf zpfonf/ odjYk zpfí jrifonfukd jrifonf[o k mxm;? jrif onf[o k mrSw/f a&SUqufNy;D BuKd u?f rBuKd uq f D odYk rwd;k ESi/fh avmbESiafh 'goqDoYkd rwd;k ESi[ fh k qdjk cif;jzpfonf/ odrYk [kwb f J jrifonf- jrifonfjrifonf? Mum;onf- Mum;onf- Mum;onf vkyf aeíum; bmrQjzpfvmrnfr[kw/f wjcm;'Gm& rsm;ESiyfh wfoufívnf; þenf;twkid ;f yifjzpf pmrsufESm 33 rS jyKjyifp&mrSeforQ ypöKyÜefwGifom &Sdygonf/ ypöKyÜefvrf;ajzmihfvQif tem*wfvrf;vnf; aumufauGUp&mr&Sday/ wkd;wufzGHUNzKd;rIukd &S m azG q J u mvjzpf í pd w f & S n f v rf ; rS e f j zih f avQmufvSrf;zkdY vdkayonf/ tem*wfykdifpkd;rI onf tusKd;w&m;jzpfí ,ck vkyfaqmifae onf u taMumif ; w&m;jzpf o nf / oif , l avhvmrIonf Ny;D qk;H onfr&Sad y/ pdw"f gwfjzihf avhusio fh if,rl w I iG f tprf;oyfcH tqihrf sm;pGm ukd ausmv f mT ;&ygonf/ Pratic made perfect

onf/ pu©K aomw? Cme? ZD0mS ? umr? rewdYk udk taMumif;jyKí obm0xufausmfvGefNyD; tvGJoHk;pm;vkyfjcif;? tvGeftuRHusihfoHk;jcif; onf umarokrdpämpm&jzpfonf/ 0pD u H 4/ rkom;ajymjcif; (rkom0g') 5/ uke;f wdu k jf cif; (ydoP k 0gpm) 6/ Murf;wrf;pGmajymjcif; (z½ko0gpm) 7/ pum;zsi;f ajymjcif; (oræyv Ü my0gpm) raemuH 8/ avmb (tbdZÑm) 9/ &efvjkd cif; (Asmyg') 10/ t,lrmS ;jcif; (rdpmä 'd|)d aumif;aomtvkyf (okp½dkuf) um,uH 1/ toufrowfjcif; (ygPmwdygw0d&wD) 2/ rcd;k jcif; (t'dEmé 'ge0d&wD) 3/ vdiEf iS yfh wfoufí razmufjym;? rusK;vGef jcif; (umarokrpd mä pm&0d&wD) 0pD u H 1/ rkom;rajymjcif; (rkom0g'0d&wD) 2/ uke;f rwku d jf cif; (ydoP k 0gpm0d&wD) 3/ Murf;wrf;pGmrajymjcif; (z½ko0gpm0d&wD) 4/ pum;zsi;f rajymjcif; (oræyv Ü my0gpm0d&wD) raemuH 1/ tavmb (tebdZÑm) 2/ &efrvdjk cif; (tAsmyg') 3/ t,lreS jf cif; (or®m'd|)d 'ku?© 'ku\ © taMumif;? 'kuc© sKyNf ird ;f rI 'kuc© sKyNf ird ;f rIvrf;aMumif;qdo k nhf opömav;yg; udk rSepf mG odjrifru I ykd if rSeaf omtjrif (or®m'd|)d [kac:onf/ rSefaomtBuH- wyfrufrI n§if;yef;ESdyfpufrI? &efvdkrI ponfwdkYuif;aomtBuHudk rSefaom tBuH (or®m ouFy)Ü [kac:onf/ rSeaf omtajym- rSeaf omtajymjzpfonhf 0pDuH

'kp½dkufav;yg;uif;aom? rSefuefcsdKomaom tajymonf rSeaf omtajym (or®m0gpm) jzpf onf/ rSeaf omtvky-f um,uH'pk ½du k o f ;kH yg;uif;aom tvkyo f nf rSeaf omtvkyf (or®mur®E)Å jzpf onf/ rSefaomtoufarG;rI- rw&m;rrSefuefaom toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rIukd a&SmifMuOfNy;D w&m; rSeu f efaomtoufarG;0rf;ausmif;rIjzihf b0c&D; udk oGm;jcif;onf rSeaf om toufarG;rI (or®m tmZD0) jzpfonf/ rSeaf omBuKd ;yrf;rI- rsupf ?d em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? ud, k q f akd om £a`Er´ sm;udk apmifx h ed ;f jcif;? pdwq f ;kd pdw, f w k rf sm;ray:ap&efEiS fh pdwaf umif;pdwjf rwf rsm; ay:aygufvmap&ef BuKd ;yrf;rI? jzpfay:vm aom pdwfaumif;pdwfjrwfrsm; qufvufjzpf yGm;ap&ef BuKd ;yrf;rIrsm;onf rSeaf omBuKd ;yrf;rI (or®m0g,mr) jzpfonf/ rSeaf omowd&rI- twGi;f tm,weajcmufyg;? tjyiftm,weajcmufyg;? 0dnmOfajcmufyg;wdYk \ oabmobm0oef&Y iS ;f rI? npfnrf;rI? ysupf ;D rIoabm ponfwüYkd tNrrJ jywf owd&rIonf rSeaf omowd&rI (or®mowd) jzpf\/ rSeaf ompdww f nfNird rf -I olawmfaumif;w&m;? okp½dkufw&m;rsm;tay: pdwfwnfNidrfrIjzpf onf/ xdw k &m;rsm;rS pdw\ f ysUH vGirhf u I kd y,f&mS ; Edkifaomoabmonf rSefaompdwfwnfNidrfrI (or®morm"d) jzpf\/ r*¾i&f pS yf g;onf ork',udyk ,fonhf usiphf Of? vrf;pOfjzpfouJo h Ykd qdu k Nf y;D eda&m" oabm? at;Nird ;f rI oabm? oEÅo d ck rqkwf ,kwf raysmufysuaf &;twGuf &moufyef usifh ae&rnf?h yGm;ae&rnhv f rf;pOf? usiphf Ofvnf; jzpf onf/ ,if;onf t&d,mwdkY usihfoHk;onhf vrf;pOf? usihfpOfjzpfavonf/ t&d,r*fjzpf avonf/ usrf;ñTef; tbd"r®w¦o*F[ xGef;wifhatmif

txyfxyfavhusirfh u I wdusaom atmifjrif rIudk &vmaprSmjzpfonf/ tm&Sro S nf urÇmokYd arQmv f ihcf surf sm; xm;wwfMu&ygonf/ tjcm;wpf y g;wG i f &S m azG p &mrvk d aom w&m;"r®oabmonf rdrw d iG o f m &Syd g onf/ rdrdukd,fukd yGm;rsm;qifjcifjcif;onf w&m;oabmyif j zpf y gonf / Ak ' ¨ p um;jzih f ajym&vQif avmu\ ouf&SdoufrJhrSeforQ onf rdrv d o kd vkd jzpfap? jyKapí&aom ocFg& oabm? tewåoabmjzpfygonf/ Bu;D ol? i,fol rnfojl zpfap avmu

\ &S&d if;pGJ rlvblwukd od&MdS uygonf/ ,xm blw [kwfwkdif;rSefpGmodaom oabmw&m; jzpfygonf/ rdrw d iG f 0rf;pmESiw hf al om oif,l avhvmxm;&SEd idk rf aI wG? pdw"f gwfawG? avmu\ oabmw&m;awGukd oabmayguf&ef vkt d yf vSonf/ BuKd;pm;jcif;? todw&m;xm;jcif;? avhusihfrIjynhfpkHjcif;jzihfomvQif avmu ukd csrf;om? 0rf;omrIrsm; jzefYa0ay;Ekdif rnfjzpfonf/ vli,frsm; ,Ofaus;vdr®m Muygap/ armif Z ifa ,mf

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/ Ä

a&S;oa&mcg jynfAm&m? jA[®'wfrif; rif;jyKcg/ Ak'a¨ vmif;vsm xkpd Ofu? ½ku©pkd;b0/ Ä ¤if;ae& awmt&yfrmS ? tvGet f ifrwef rk;d Bu;D yg/ rk;d tcg w&pyf? &Gmyhg rem;r&yf/ Ä ckepf&ufywfv;Hk qufwu dk &f mG ? awmowå0gwdYk taecufyg/ rsuEf mS eDeYJ arsmufuaH umif;? rk;d avvkw H hJ *lrmS atmif;/ Ä uHraumif;wJh arsmufwpfaumifrmS ? rsuEf mS rnf;eJY arsmufBu;D yg/ csrf;&Smojzihf awmxJvSnhf? aEG;axG;ae&m ol&mS owJ/h Ä tJovked YJ aemufq;Hk rSm? arsmufeaD e&m awGU&Syd g/ xkdtcg olpOf;pm;? arsmufrnf;tBurH sm;/ Ä olvSnhfzsm;í pum;qkd? ozef; anmifo;D rSnNfh yu D /dk oifpm;vku d tjrefomG ;? cl;qGwfpm;aomufacswum;/ Ä arsmufi,f,pHk m; xGuv f v Ykd m? awmxJvn S Nfh y;D toD;&Sm/ bmtoD;rS olr&? ol*Y o l jl yefvv Ydk my/ Ä oljrifvu dk &f *lxrJ mS ? arsmufBu;D 0ifa&muf atmif;aeyg/ arsmufi,fae&m tykid pf ;D ? rsuEf mS rnf;arsmufBu;D / ,ck O'krÁ&Zmwfukd jrwfpGmbk&m; aZw0efausmif;awmfü oDwif;ok;H aeawmfrpl Of rxif&mS ;aom &[ef;wpfyg;ukd taMumif;jyKí a[mMum;jcif ; jzpf y gonf / xk d & [ef ; onf &Gmi,fav;wpf&mG ü ausmif;aqmufí ae\/ ausmif;uav;onf aecsipfh zG,/f ausmufzsm &if;ü wnf&Sd\/ trIdufo½kdufenf;yg;ojzihf wHrsufvSnf;p&myifrvkdatmif oefY&Sif;\/ a&vnf; tqifoifh&Sd\/ qGrf;cHxGuf&m&Gm onfvnf; odyfra0;vSaomt&yfwGif&Sd\/ xkd&[ef;udk vlwdkY cspfcifjrwfEkd;MunfnKdMu ojzihf qGr;f udv k nf; avmif;vSLMu\/ &[ef; onf olYae&mESihfol tqifajyaeavonf/ wpf a eY w G i f &[ef ; wpf y g;onf a'opm&D vSnv fh nfomG ;vm&if; xk&d [ef;&S&d m ausmif;odYk <uvm\/ ausmif;ae&[ef;onf tm*EÅK&[ef; ukd aumif;rGefpGm BuKdqkd0wfjyK\/ aemufaeY

Akdvfuspkd;rkd; arsmufiqkd; (O'k r Á & Zmwf ) aZmf a emif

qGrf;cH<uonhftcgüvnf; tm*EÅK&[ef;ukd ac:aqmifomG ;\/ vlwo Ydk nf qGr;f avmif;vSL MuNyD; aemufaeYrsm;wGifvnf; qGrf;cH<uyg&ef qGrf;zdwf\/ ESpf&uf okH;&uf&Sdaomf tm*EÅK &[ef;onf xkad usmif;udk tydik pf ;D &ef BupH nf avonf/ ausmif;apmihrf &Sí d jrwfpmG bk&m;xH tzl;ajrmfra&mufao;aom ausmif;ae&[ef; tm; tm*EÅK&[ef;u ausmif;ukd olapmihaf y; rnf/ t&Siçf jrwfpmG bk&m;tm; oGm;zl;acs [k twif;wdu k w f eG ;f í vTw\ f / ausmif;ae&[ef; vnf; tm*EÅK&[ef;ukd pdwfcsum ¤if;tm; ausmif;udt k yfNy;D jrwfpmG bk&m;&Six f H tzl;ajrmf <uoGm;avonf/ ausmif;ae&[ef;onf jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sit f m; zl;ajrmfNy;D aomf rdrad e&m ausmif; odjYk yefvm\/ tm*EÅK&[ef;u ausmif;ae&[ef; \ausmif;ukd tykdifodrf;vkdufum ausmif;ae &[ef;tm; tjcm;odkY ESifvTwfvkdufavonf/ xkdYaMumifh tjcm;wpfae&mü acwåcP oGm; a&mufaexkid Nf y;D aemufaeYü &GmodYk qGr;f cH<u \/ t&ifu ¤if;tm; cspfcifMunfnKdvsuf o'¨gw&m;xufoefpGm qGrf;avmif;cJhaom vlwo Ydk nf ,ck ¤if;tm; bmwpfcrk Q ravmif; vSLawmhay/ taMumif;rSm ¤if;r&Scd u kd f tm*EÅK &[ef;onf &GmodYk qGr;f cH0ifNy;D ausmif;ae&[ef; \taMumif;udk r[kwfrrSef owif;vTihfxm; aomaMumihjf zpf\/ þodjYk zihf ausmif;ae&[ef; onf jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f &dS m aZw0efausmif;odYk jyef < uvmum &[ef ; taygif ; tm; ¤if ; \ taMumif;udk ajymjyavonf/ xkaYd Mumihf w&m; obifü ajymqkjd zpfMuavonf/ xkpd Of jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sif<uvmNyD; &[ef;wdkYtm; rnfonhf taMumif;ukd ajymqkdaqG;aEG;aeMuoenf; ar;vQif &[ef;wdu Yk ausmif;vkc&H onf&h [ef; taMumif;ukd ajymqkdaqG;aEG;aeMujcif;jzpfyg

onf[k bk&m;&Siftm; jyefíavQmufxm;\/ xkdtcg bk&m;&Sifu ausmif;ae&[ef;tm; tm*EÅ K &[ef ; u ausmif ; ud k t yk d i f p D ; vsuf ESix f w k o f nfrmS ,cktcgrSomr[kw?f a&S;u vnf; þodyYk if jyKczhJ ;l avNy[ D k qkv d suf twdwf ukd aqmifawmfryl gonf/ a&S ; tcgu Am&mPoD j ynf ü jA[®'wfrif; pkd;pH\/ xkdpOf Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m; tavmif;onf ½ku©pkd;b0üjzpf\/ ¤if;ae& aom awmt&yfrmS tvGerf ;dk Bu;D \/ rk;d tcgü r&yfrem;&Gmwwf\/ wpfcgwpf&H ckepf&uf ywfvkH; qufwdkuf&Gm\/ xkdtcg awmae owå0gwdkY ae&xdkif&cufum 'ku©a&mufMu& avonf/ xkdrkd;umvü rsufESmteD&Sdaom arsmufwpfaumifrmS tvGeu f aH umif;\/ ol onf rk;d ck&d eftwGuf *lwpfcu k kd awGU&SNd y;D ¤if;*l ü csrf;ompGmaexkdifavonf/ xkdawmüyif aeaom rsuEf mS rnf;ESiafh rsmufum; tvGeu f H qk;d \/ trk;d tumatmufü rae&ojzihf rk;d 'Pf aMumihf tcsrf;'Pfukd jyif;xefpGm cHpm;&\/ xkdYaMumihf rkd;vkHavvkH em;ckd&mae&mwpfckukd tylwjyif; vku d cf &H mS azGavonf/ xko d Ykd awm twGif; vSnhfvnf&SmazG&if; rsufESmeDarsmuf aexkid af om*ludk awGU&So d mG ;avonf/ xkad e&m ukd oabmusojzihf xkdae&müaexkdifaom rl v arsmuf u k d wpf j cm;ok d Y armif ; xk w f N yD ; xkad e&mudk tykid pf ;D &ef BuaH vonf/ xkt d BuH tpnfjzihf arsmufex D H csO;f uyfNy;D awmwGi;f ü ozef;oD;rsm;? anmifoD;rsm; rSnhfvsuf&SdNyD/ oifomG ;pm;ygavmh [k wku d w f eG ;f \/ arsmufeD onf ¤if;\pum;udk,kHrSwfí *lrSxGufum awmwGif;ü ozef;oD;? anmifoD;rSnhfwdkYukd pm;aomuf & ef vk d u f í &S m \/ b,f r S m rS &SmrawGU/ rk;d Bu;D ojzihf tukev f ;Hk a<urGysupf ;D ukeNf yjD zpf\/ þodjYk zihf rdrad exkid &f m*loYkd jyefvm \/ *lxJü rsufESmrnf;ESihf arsmufBuD;onf tcefYom;xkdifaeavonf/ olYukd *lwGif;odkY 0ifciG rfh ay;/ olu Y akd rmif;xkwu f m rlvaexkid f aomarsmuf\ae&mudk tykid pf ;D vku d af vonf/ Zmwfaygif;aomf,ckausmif;tvkc&H aom ausmif;ae &[ef;onf [k, d ciftcgu rsuEf mS teD&adS om arsmufi,fjzpfcJhNyD; ,ckausmif;ukd rw&m; vk , l a om tm*EÅ K &[ef ; u [k d p Of t cgu rsufESmrnf;ESihfarsmufjzpfcJhzl;NyD/ igbk&m;u [kd,cifu ½ku©pkd;ewf jzpfcJhzl;ownf; [k Zmwfaygif;awmfryl gonf/ usrf;ukd;-O'krÁ&Zmwf ig;&mh i g;q,f Z mwf e d y gawmf / (anmif u ef q &mawmf ) aZmf a emif

MORAL AND ETHIC

"r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfonf/

à from back cover ence of liquor, a drunkard would do things which he would not normally do if he is sober. The drug addict is also a curse to society. Many crimes in the country are caused by drug addicts. Today, the rehabilitation of drug addicts is costing the government millions of hard- earned dollars which could have been utilised for better and more worth- while projects. We should all observe the precept to refrain from taking liquor and drugs. In the five precepts and the Noble Eight- fold Path the Buddha gave us spiritual guidelines on how to conduct a decent Buddhist way of life. However these guidelines by themselves are incomplete. To these guidelines must be added the other important injunctions of the Buddha to do good, to radiate compassion and to practise loving kindness. This is most essential. The practice of radiating compassion and loving kindness is the very essence of the Buddhist Teachings or way of life. It is a positive quality of the enlightened mind which promotes a healthy ethical attitude. A person who extends to his fellow beings the love and affection similar to that extended by a mother to her only child and says with sincerity and feeling "May all beings be well and happy". Finds no place in his mind for malice, hate, jealousy or envy. By the practice of loving kindness, he becomes incapable of indulging in killing, stealing, lying, slandering or using harsh and unseemly language. Not only does he avoid doing harm to others whether by deed, word or thought, but he also develops the tendency to do good, to be king and compassionate and to engage himself in the task of relieving others of suffering and agony. A good Buddhist is not merely a harmless and innocent person who minds his own business and leads a happy life. Where necessary, he should go all out to make his neighbours happy, to help them in times of difficulty, to care for the sick and the old and to look after the welfare of the poor and the destitute. Charity should be his foremost obligation. He, that radiates compassion and loving kindness, leads a sublime life free from malice and jealousy. He is generous in his gifts, he speaks pleasant words, he works for the welfare of others and he treats everyone as his equal. Such a person is indeed an ideal Buddhist. What has been described so far is but a very briefsummary of the fundamental obligations of a lay Buddhist. In his many discourses spread over a period of forty- five years, the Buddha has dealt with various aspects of man's social life including the concept of marriage and family life, and the ethical standards to be maintained by a Buddhist in society. (To be continued) Dhamma V1-raThandar Aung, ITBM University, Yangon.

à aemufausmzHk;rS udk tjcm;olwu Ykd av;pm;Muap&ef arQmv f ihMf uygonf/ xdaYk Mumifh þ wwd,oDvodum© yk'jf zpfaom olwpfyg;om;r,m;wdu Yk kd usL;vGezf suq f ;D jcif;rS a&SmifMuOf&efou d m© yk'u f kd apmifx h ed ;f Mu&rnfjzpfygonf/ ,ckrsufarSmufacwfopfumvü vkdufemusihfaqmif&ef tcufcq J ;kH oDvodum© yk'rf mS vdrv f nfajymqdjk cif; (odrYk [kw)f r[kwrf rSef onfukd ajymqdjk cif;wdrYk S a&SmifMuOf&aom odum© yk'jf zpfonf/ tjypf'Pf ay;onfudk cH&rnhftwGuf pdk;&GHUaomaMumifh uav;i,fwpfa,muf onf raumif;rIjyKvyk rf cd o hJ nfukd xkwaf zmf0efc&H ef csucf si;f jiif;qefvrd hf rnfjzpfonf/ w&m;½H;k awmfü todoufaowpfa,mufonf rdwaf qG (odkYr[kwf) aqGrsdK;om;csif;wpfOD;udk u,fwifEkdif&ef&nf&G,fí wrif wum vdrv f nfxu G q f &kd ef toihjf yifqifxm;Ny;D jzpfayvdrrhf nf/ rnfoq Ykd akd p? vdrv f nfajymqdjk cif;onf qd;k &Gm;aom raumif;rI 'kp½dkufwpfrsdK;omjzpfonf/ txl;ojzihf- vlwpfa,mufonf tjcm; aom vlwpfa,mufudk 'ku©a&mufapvdkí vdrfvnfrkom;pum;jzihf wrifwum vdrn f mzefw;D Ny;D ajymqdjk cif;onf tvGew f &mtjypfBu;D vS rnfjzpfonf/ tjcm;ESpNf rKd Up&mraumif;onhf rkom;wpfrsKd ;rSm? tjcm;ol wpfa,muf\ emrnfaumif;udk npfErG ;f xdcu dk af p&eftwGu&f nf&, G Nf y;D tajctjrpfr&Sd rrSerf uefvyk Bf uzH efw;D aomrkom;pum;rsm; jzefcY sx d w k f vTihfjcif;wnf;[laom ukef;acsmukef;wkdufajymqdkjcif;rsm;jzpfygonf/ jrwfpmG bk&m;ocifonf uREykf w f u Ykd kd Ak'b ¨ mom0ifoal wmfpif olawmfaumif;rsm;jzpfMuap&ef vdrv f nfajymqdjk cif;wdrYk S a&SmifMuOf&ef oGefoifqHk;rawmfrlcJhygonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf rSefuefjcif;opömw&m;udk apmifx h ed ;f Mu&rnfjzpfygonf/ þusi0fh wfou d m© yk'u f kd uREykf w f aYkd v;pm; vku d ef mMuí? rkom;pum;ajymqdjk cif;aemuforYkd vku d yf grdMuap&ef? pdwu f kd xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufMu&rnfjzpfygonf/ aumif;rGeaf omrdom;pkrsm;pGmwdo Yk nf t&ufaopmESirfh ;l ,pf aq;0g;rsm;udk vGev f eG u f u J o J ;kH pGaJ omufpm;jcif;aMumifh NyKd uyJG supf ;D cJMh u &ygonf/ rl;,pfapaomtpm;taomufrsm; (odrYk [kw)f rl;,pfaq;0g; rsm;onf rSD0Jpm;oHk;olwdkYtm; vGJrSm;aomaysmf&TifrItajctaeodkY qdu k af &mufatmif Nird o f uf,pfr;l oGm;aponhf tmedoifrsm;&Syd gonf/ rl;,pfaeolwpfa,mufonf olYudk,fol xdef;csKyfEdkifpGrf;r&SdawmhyJ? olu, kd w f idk f bmvkyb f mudik af erdonfuykd if rodEidk af vmufatmif owd vufvGwfjzpfum? &rf;&rf;um;um;jzpfvmNyD;vQif awGUorQvlwdkif;udk pdefac:owfykwf&ef tqifoihfjzpfaeayawmhonf/ rl;,pfaeolwpfa,mufonf olu, kd o f l ½dak oav;pm;&rnhf odu©mw&m;udkvnf; arhaysmufaewwfygonf/ ao&nfao&uf\ vTr;f rd;k rIatmufwiG f ,pfr;l aeNyjD zpfow l pfO;D onf olr,pfr;l onft h csed f tcgrsm;u yHrk eS t f m;jzihjhf yKvyk af vhr&Sad om tjyKtrlrsm;udk jyKvyk v f rd hf rnfjzpfonf/ rl;,pfaq;0g;pGaJ eolwo Ykd nf wu,fawmh vlaY bmifvt Yl zGUJ tpnf;twGuf usdefpmoihfapjci;fwpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ EdkifiHtwGif;jzpfyGm; aeaom &mZ0wfjypfrrI sm;pGmwdo Yk nf rl;,pfaq;pGaJ eolrsm;aMumihf trsm; qHk;jzpfyGm;&jcif;jzpfonf/ ,aeYqdkvQif rl;,pfaq;pGJolrsm;udk aq;jzwfí jyefvnf xlaxmifay;&eftwGuf Edik if aH wmftpd;k &onf cJc, J Of;,Of;&SmazG&&Sx d m; aom a':vmaiGoef;aygif;rsm;pGmudk oH;k pGaJ y;ae&onf/ rl;,pfaq;pGJ olrsm;omr&Scd yhJ gvQif xdak iGrsm;udk Edik if t H wGuf ydrk akd umif;rGeNf y;D ydí k tusdK;aus;Zl;&Sdaom pDrHudef;rsm;wGif toHk;jyKEdkifrnfjzpfygonf/ xdaYk Mumihf t&ufaopmESifh rl;,pfaq;0g;rsm; oH;k pGjJ cif;wdrYk S a&SmifMuOf

MORAL AND ETHIC "r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/ &rnhf oDvodum© yk'u f kd uREykf w f t Ykd m;vH;k vdu k ef mapmifx h ed ;f xku d Mf uyg onf/ ig;yg;oDvESifh r*¾i&f pS yf g;tusijfh rwfvrf;pOfwiG f jrwfpmG bk&m; ocifonf uREykf w f t Ykd m; *kPo f u d m© &Sad om Ak'"¨ r®b0vrf;pOfukd rnfoYkd rnfyHk usifhoHk;aexdkifMu&rnf[lonfh pdwfydkif;qdkif&m oGefoifqHk;r vrf;ñTefcsufwdkYudk csrSwfazmfaqmifay;awmfrlcJhygonf/ odkYaomf þvrf;ñTefcsufrsm;oufoufqdkygvQif jynhfpHkjcif;&Sdrnfr[kwfonhf twGu?f ,if;vrf;ñTecf surf sm;odYk aumif;rIuo k v kd jf yKjcif;? u½kPmpdwu f kd ysUH ESUH apjcif;ESifh arwåmw&m;udk vufawGUusus usio fh ;kH jcif;wnf;[laom jrwf p G m bk & m;&S i f \ tjcm;ta&;BuD ; onh f vrf ; ñT e f c suf r sm;ud k y g aygif;xnhfay;Mu&rnfjzpfygonf/ þjyKrv l yk af qmifcsuw f o Ykd nf trSew f u,ftvdt k yfq;kH tcsuf rsm;jzpfygonf/ u½kPmw&m;ESiafh rwåmw&m;wdu Yk kd ysUH ESUH apjcif;wnf;[l aom vufawGUusio fh ;kH rIonf jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si\ f tqH;k tr (odrYk [kw)f Ak'¨"r®b0vrf;pOf\ tESpfom&tppfjzpfygonf/ ÓPftvif;yGihfNyD; aompdwf\ aumif;jrwfonhf t&nftaoG;wpf&yfvnf;jzpfygonf/ þaumif;jrwfonht f &nftaoG;onf tusKd ;rsm;aom vlu Y si0fh wfou d m© qdkif&moabmudk zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufapygonf/ wpfOD;wpfa,mufaomyk*¾dKvfonf rdcifwpfOD;u olr\ wpfOD;wnf;aomom;odkY? ay;urf;onhfarwåmESihfwlpGm? ol\taygif; toif; ouf&o dS wå0grsm;odYk cspjf cif;arwåmudak y;urf;í ]]owå0gawG tm;vH;k use;f rmcsr;f omMuygap}} [k pdw&f if;trSecf pH m;rItjynfEh iS fh zGiq fh kd Edik af om pdwx f m;&Srd nfqykd gvQif xdyk *k Kd¾ v\ f ESv;kH om;twGi;f ü &efNiKd ;zGUJ Ykd wGuf cdak tmif;&efae&mr&Sad wmhay/ odrk ?I rke;f wD;rI? remvd0k efwrkd w I t arwåmw&m;udk vufawGUtm;jzihf usio fh ;kH jcif;aMumihf xdo k l onf toufowfjcif;? cd;k 0Sujf cif;? vdrn f majymqdjk cif;? uke;f acsmjcif; (odkYr[kwf) Murf;wrf;,kwfnHhaompum;ajymqdkjcif;wdkYü vkdufarsm&ef rpGr;f Edik af wmhay/ ud, k ?f EIw?f ESv;kH wpfrsKd ;rsKd ;jzihf olwpfyg;wdt Yk m; xdcu dk f epfematmif jyKral jymqdjk cif;wdrYk aS &SmifMuOfonht f jyif? ukov kd af umif;rI rsm;jyK&ef? Muifemoem;&efEiS fh olwpfyg;wdt Yk m; qif;&J'u k t © aygif;wdrYk S vGwaf jrmufatmif ud, k x f v d ufa&muf wu,fwef;aqmif&u G af y;&ef twGuf olydkí pdwftm;xufoefvmrnfjzpfygonf/ aumif;rGejf rifjh rwfaom Ak'b ¨ mom0ifwpfO;D [lonfrmS olyikd f vkyif ef;udo k m tm½Hpk u kd v f suf aysmaf rGUonhb f 0udk azmfaqmifusio fh ;kH ae pmrsufESm 26 rS ar;\[k ajymqd\ k / xdt k cg 'd,umrBu;D u olwpfyg;\ pdwu f kd od\ [k rqdrk í l cspo f m; olwpfyg;\ pdwu f o kd ad omolwrYkd nfonfum; þodYk yifjyKMuukeo f wnf;[kq\ kd / xdt k cg tm*EÅKtnw&&[ef;onf ,if;odq Yk ykd grl þtrIonf tvGe0f efav;vSay\wum; igYtm; z½dzk &JNyKd uyJG supf ;D jcif;odYk a&mufap vwåUH [k xdwv f efv Y suf om0wdj¬ ynfoYdk jyefvnfxu G af jy;oGm;av\/ rmwdum&GmrS jyefvmaom xdt k nw&&[ef;udk jrwfpmG bk&m; &Siu f cspo f m;&[ef;toifonftb,faMumihf xdt k &yfüraeoenf;[k ar;awmfr\ l / bke;f awmfBu;D awmfral om jrwfpmG bk&m; xdt k &yfü wynhf awmfaejcif;iSm rpGr;f Ekid yf gbk&m;[k taMumif;pHu k akd vQmufxm;av\/ cspfom;&[ef; xdkodkYjzpfvQif wpfckwnf;aom w&m;udkom vQif apmihaf &SmufEidk v f wåUH avm[k ar;awmfrv l Qif þwpfcw k nf;aom

aom tEÅ&m,fuif;? tjypfuif;olwpfa,muf jzpf½rkH Qru? vdt k yfaom ae&mwdüYk olu, kd w f ikd o f mG ;a&mufí? ol\tdref ;D em;csi;f rsm;udk aysm&f iT f csr;f ajrUatmif tm;BuKd ;rmefwuf aqmif&u G af y;&rnfjzpfygonf/ ¤if;wkYd tm; tcuftcJtMuyftwnf;rsm;ESifh BuKH awGUaeMuonht f cgwGif vdt k yf d rl sm;ESihf tdrk if; onht f ultnDrsm; ay;Edik &f rnfjzpfonf/ emzsm;ruse;f &So rpGrf;jzpfaeolrsm;udk *½kwpdkufapmifha&Smufí? qif;&JEGrf;yg;olrsm;ESihf cdu k ;kd &mrJo h rl sm;twGuf aumif;usKd ;csr;f omjzpfap&ef aqmif&u G af y;Edik f &rnfjzpfygonf/ ay;urf;pGefYBuJjcif;onf ol\OD;pGmazmfaqmifusihfoHk;&rnhf 0wå&m;jzpfoifyh gonf/ Muifemoem;jcif; u½kPmESifh cspjf cif;arwåmwdYk udk ysUH ESUH aeapEdik o f o l nf &efNiKd ;zGUJ odrk EI iS fh remvd0k efwrkd w I rYkd S uif;pifonhf odrfarGUjrihfjrwfaomb0udk azmfaqmifusihfoHk;aexkdifoljzpfygonf/ xdyk *k Kd¾ vo f nf vufaqmifypön;f rsm;ay;urf;&mwGif &ufa&m\/ ESpo f uf G w f wf csKd omaompum;udk qdw k wf\/ trsm;aumif;usKd ;o,fy;kd aqmif&u \/ vlwidk ;f vlwikd ;f udk wef;wlae&may;qufqw H wf\/ xdo k aYkd omyk*Kd¾ vf rsKd ;rSom trSew f u,f pHwifxu dk af om Ak'b ¨ mom0ifwpfa,mufjzpfyg onf/ ,cktxdazmfjycJyh gaom taMumif;&yfwo Ykd nf vl0wfaMumif omrefA'k b ¨ mom0ifwpfO;D apmifx h ed ;f usiafh qmif&aom tajccHwm0ef 0wå&m;rsm;\ tvGeu f sO;f ajrmif;aom tusO;f csKyt f >rufuav;rQom jzpfygonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifonf av;q,hfig;ESpfwmumvtwGif; a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ om "r®a'oemawmfaygif;rsm;pGmwdüYk ? vlw\ Ykd vlrI a&;b0qdik &f mtaMumif;udprö sKd ;pHu k kd ½Iaxmift h pHrk S tao;pdwaf [mMum; awmfrcl yhJ gonf/ xdak 'oemawmfrsm;wGif vlw\ Ykd xdr;f jrm;vufxyfjcif;ESifh rdom;pkb0xlaxmifjcif;t,ltqrsm;vnf; yg&Syd gonf/ vlaY bmifvYl avmu vlYtzGJUtpnf;twGif;ü? Ak'¨bmom0ifwpfOD;wpfa,muftzdkY vku d ef musio fh ;kH &rnhf usi0fh wfou d m© qdik &f m ud, k u f siw fh &m; pHEeI ;f rsm; vnf; yg&Syd gonf/ quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf "r®0D&- oEÅmatmif tjynfjynfqdkif&max&0g' Ak'¨omoemjyKwuúodkvf &ef u k e f /

w&m;[lonf tb,fygenf;[kar;avQmuf\/ cspo f m;&[ef;toif\pdwu f o kd mvQif apmihaf &Smufavavmh? xdpk w d rf nfonfum; apmihaf &SmufEidk cf \ J / oifonf rdr\ d pdwu f o kd m vQif ESdyfuGyfqHk;ravavmh/ wpfyg;aom tjcif;t&mwpfpHkwpfckudkrQ rBupH nf ratmufarhvih/f xdpk w d rf nfonfum; tvGev f sif ESrd ef if;Ekid cf \ J [k jrwfpmG bk&m;onf rdeaYf wmfrNl y;D í? þ*gxmudk a[mawmfr\ l / *gxm 35/ /ESdrfeif;EkdifcJxaom? vsifjrefaomjzpfjcif; csKyfjcif; &Sdxaom trSwfr&Sdaom umr*kPftm½Hkü usavh&Sd aom? pdwu f kd qH;k roltm; aumif;\/ ,Ofaus;NyD;aom pdwo f nf csrf;omudk aqmif&Gufwwf\/ xdak 'oemawmf\tqH;k ü a&mufvmMuukeaf om y&dowfrsm; pGmwdkYonf aomwmyefponfwdkYjzpfMuavukef\/ Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ;

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Moral and Eithical Conduct of a Buddhist (2) Ak'b ¨ momwpfO;D \usi0fh wfou d m© qdik &f m ud, k u f siw hf &m; (2) By. Venerable Dr.K.Sri Dhammananda, JSM.,Ph.D, D.Litt. Translated into Myanmar by.Dhamma V1ra Thandar Aung; International Therava-da Buddhist Missionary University, Yangon.

"r® 0 D & -oEÅ m atmif ( tjynf j ynf q k d i f & max&0g'wuú o d k v f ) A person who extends to his fellow beings the love and affection similar to that extended by a mother to her only child and says with sincerity and feeling "May all beings be well and happy." finds no place in his mind for malice, hate, jealousy or envy.

wpfOD;wpfa,mufaomyk*¾dKvfonf rdcifwpfOD;u olr\ wpfOD; wnf;aomom;odkYay;urf;onhf arwåmESihfwlpGm? ol\ taygif;toif; ouf&Sdowå0grsm;odkY cspfjcif;arwåmudk ay;urf;í ]]owå0gawGtm;vHk; usef;rmcsrf;omMuygap}} [k pdwf&if; trSef cHpm;rItjynhfESihf zGihfqdkEdkifaom pdwfxm;&SdrnfqdkvQif xdkyk*¾dKvf\ ESvHkom;twGif;ü &efNidK;zGJUodkrI? rkef;wD;rI? remvdk0efwdk rIwdkYtwGuf cdkatmif;&efae&m r&Sdawmhay/ Human Failings (b) From the past up to the present day, many happy families have been broken up or disrupted due to man's inordinate sexual desires. Man should control his animal passions and behave in a decent and ethical manner, Hence the Buddha enjoined all human beings to refrain from committing adultery. All of us expect our family lies to be respected, hence we should all uphold this particular precept. One of the most difficult precepts to follow in this modern era, is the precept to abstain from lying or telling falsehoods. For fear of punishment, a child would at once deny that it has committed a misdeed. In a court of law, a witness would be prepared to tell a deliberate lie in order to save a friend or relative. However, lying is an obnoxious deed, particularly if a person were to create deliberate lies in order to put someone in trouble. Another very distasteful act of lying is to slander by spreading unfounded lies in order to smear the good name of another person. The Buddha has enjoined us as good Buddhists to refrain from telling lies. We should uphold the truth. We should honour this precept and refrain from indulging in falsehood. Many good families have been broken and upset though the inordinate use of intoxicants and drugs. Intoxicants or drugs have the effect of lulling the consumer into a state of false happiness. A durnkard loses his felf control and does not realise what he is doing. He becomes boisterous and is prepared to challenge everybody to a scuffle. A drunkard often loses his self respect. Under the influ-

vl\tm;enf;csufrsm; (c) twdwu f mvrS ,aeYwidk af tmif aysm&f iT af omrdom;pkrsm;pGm wdo Yk nf vlw\ Ykd vGeu f aJ omumrwPSmaMumifh NyKd uyJG supf ;D cJMh u&onf/ d u f kd xde;f csKyí f vlonf wd&pämeADZpdwu f o hJ aYkd om t½dik ;f tpdik ;f jyKrv l pkd w vlYusihf0wfESifhtnD *kPf&SdpGm jyKrlusihfaqmifoihfayonf/ þonhf taMumif;wdaYk Mumifh jrwfpmG bk&m;onf vlom;tm;vH;k wdt Yk m; olwpfyg; \ om;r,m;rsm;udk zsuq f ;D jcif;rSa&SmifMuOf&ef ñTeMf um;awmfrcl ahJ v onf/ uREykf w f t Ykd m;vH;k wdo Yk nf uREykf w f rYkd o d m;pkrsm; cspcf ifpnf;vH;k rI pmrsufESm 38 odkY