Trimble SCS900 Side Slope and Road Stakeout User Guide

ROAD AND SIDE SLOPE STAKEOUT USER GUIDE

Trimble速 SCS900 Site Controller Software

ROAD AND SIDE SLOPE STAKEOUT USER GUIDE

SCS900 Site Controller Software

Version 2.70 Revision A May 2010

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Contact Information Trimble Navigation Limited Engineering & Construction Group 5475 Kellenburger Road Dayton, Ohio 45424-1099 USA 800-538-7800 (toll free in USA) +1-937-245-5600 Phone +1-937-233-9004 Fax www.trimble.com Support Offices For registered product users: 1 800 SOS 4 TAC (USA-based support) Trimble_support@trimble.com Legal Notices Copyright and Trademarks Š 2006–2010, Trimble Navigation Limited. All rights reserved.

Trimble, the Globe & Triangle logo, ScreedPro, SiteVision, and Terramodel are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited, registered in the United States and in other countries.

All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Release Notice This is the May 2010 release (Revision A) of SCS900 Site Controller Software Road and Side Slope Stakeout User Guide. It applies to version 2.70 of the SCS900 software.

Product Limited Warranty Information For applicable product Limited Warranty information, please refer to Legal Notices in the Release Notes, or consult your local Trimble authorized dealer.

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SCS900 Site Controller Software Road and Side Slope Stakeout User Guide

Contents 1

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 About the SCS900 Site Controller software .

Site stakeout applications . . . . . . .

Road stakeout applications . . . . . .

Related Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Technical Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Your Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Roadway and Side Slope Staking Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Staking intervals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Map view and the cross section view. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Accessing the shortcut menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

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Stakeout Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 General stake placement and marking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Measuring the cut/fill reference mark from the ground surface.

Measuring the cut/fill reference mark from the top of the stake Cut/fill reference from the measured point . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Grade stake marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Catch point marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lightbar options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

On-Grade tolerances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Display modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Audible tone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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10 11 11 12 13 14 17 17 18 19

Staking Side Slopes and Catch Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Side slope or catch point as projected from a 3D line Catch point as projected from a 3D point . . . . . . . .

Staking modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Changing the staking mode . . . . . . . . . . . .

Stake at randomly chosen intervals mode . . .

Stake at fixed intervals mode . . . . . . . . . . .

Selecting a feature to stakeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The three aspects of side-slope staking . . . . .

Creating points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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22 24 24 25 25 26 28 28 31

Creating a New Road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Creating a road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Creating and editing a roadway alignment Creating a horizontal alignment . .

Creating a vertical alignment. . . . . . . . .

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SCS900 Site Controller Software Road and Side Slope Stakeout User Guide

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Contents

Saving the new alignment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Positioning and creating templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Creating stakeout points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

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Staking Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Working with subgrades. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Setting offsets for subgrades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Setting offsets to be vertical or perpendicular . . . . . . . . . . .

Roadway feature staking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Changing the staking mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Automatically advancing to the next or previous station . . . .

Working with offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Simple feature offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Adjacent segment offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dual-segment offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Custom feature staking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Custom segment staking (defining your own subgrade) . . . . . . . . .

Catch point staking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Changing the staking mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Redefining the tie slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Staking any location on the surface of the roadway model . . . . . . .

Location on surface by staking at fixed intervals . . . . . . . . .

Location on surface by staking at randomly chosen intervals .

Using a Terramodel road model that contains multiple road jobs . .

Using Terramodel road models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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44 44 45 45 46 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 52 53 54 55 55 55 57 57 58

Measuring Roads and Checking Grades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

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SCS900 Site Controller Software Road and Side Slope Stakeout User Guide

CHAPTER

1 Introduction This manual describes how to set up and use the Trimble® SCS900 Site Controller software.

This manual focuses on stakeout and measurement applications for earthworks and grading applications in the site and road construction industry. This document covers the concepts and stakeout applications that have been enhanced in the Trimble® SCS900 Site Controller software. The SCS900 Site Controller software software has also been enhanced to use the Terramodel® software’s roadway model.

Even if you have used other Global Positioning System (GPS) or total station products before, Trimble recommends that you spend some time reading this manual to learn about the special features of this product. If you are not familiar with GPS, visit the Trimble website (www.trimble.com) for an interactive look at Trimble and GPS.

About the SCS900 Site Controller software To add the roadway stakeout and measurement functions to the SCS900 Site Controller software software, you must enable the Road Stakeout and Measurement module.

If you attempt to use a work order, which references a design that contains a Terramodel project file with a roadway model, and you have not activated this optional module, then when

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you start a new work order or change a design in an existing work order, one of the following messages appears:

Site stakeout applications The SCS900 Site Controller software software includes a stakeout side slope and catch points operation, where the side slope can be projected from a 3D line (whether representing a design feature that is beneath or above the existing grade) to intersect the current ground surface.

The stakeout point, line, and side slope functions use measured data or DXF/CSV design data as the source geometry. These modifications to the site stakeout functions are now part of the basic SCS900 Site Controller software software.

For more information, see Chapter 4, Staking Side Slopes and Catch Points.

SCS900 Road and Side Slope Stakeout User Guide

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Introduction

Road stakeout applications For road stakeout applications, a design can contain a Terramodel project (.pro) file that includes a road model. To create the project file, use the Trimble Business Center HCE, Terramodel, or SiteVision® Office software. You can also use the SCS Data Manager to convert a basic roading LandXML file to a Terramodel PRO file. To create a PRO file in Trimble Business Center HCE or SiteVision Office, manually enter a road or import road data from various sources.

The SCS900 Site Controller software system supports all Terramodel road project file capabilities for finished grade surfaces only.

These include complex highway geometry, station equations, multiple road jobs, multiple roadways, superelevations, widenings, complex template transitions, and conditional shape occurrences. Currently, the SCS900 Site Controller software system does not use the subgrade functions of the Terramodel software.

A design map (.dxf file) and a stakeout points file (.csv file) can accompany the Terramodel project (.pro file). When you load a road model design that contains a .pro file, additional commands appear in the Stakeout and Measurement menus.

These commands do not appear when you load a design that contains a DTM surface in the form of a .dxf or .ttm file.

For more information, see Chapter 6, Staking Roads.

Related Information The following documents are available when you select the Documentation option from the SCS900 Support area of the Trimble website (www.trimble.com/scs900_ts.asp):

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SCS900 Site Controller Software Office Guide

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SCS900 Site Controller Software Location GPS User Guide

SCS900 Road and Side Slope Stakeout User Guide

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SCS900 Site Controller Software Measurement User Guide

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SCS900 Site Controller Software Precision GPS User Guide

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SCS900 Site Controller Software Stakeout User Guide

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SCS900 Site Controller Software Total Station User Guide

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SCS900 Site Controller Software Release Notes

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SCS900 Site Controller Software Product Registration Form

Technical Support If you have a problem and cannot find the information you need in the product documentation, contact your local dealer. Else, go to the Support area of the Trimble website (www.trimble.com/support.shtml).Select the product you need information on. Product updates, documentation, and any support issues are available for download.

If you need to contact Trimble technical support, complete the online inquiry form at (www.trimble.com/support_form.asp).

Your Comments Your feedback about the supporting documentation helps us to improve it with each revision. E-mail your comments to ReaderFeedback@trimble.com.

CHAPTER

2 Roadway and Side Slope Staking Concepts In this chapter: 

Staking intervals

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Map view and the cross section view



Accessing the shortcut menu

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This chapter addresses several basic concepts that apply to staking generic side slopes found on a site construction project and those found at the lateral extents of a roadbed (also known as a tie slope). It also addresses general roadway feature staking. In regard to the generic side slope, which may extend outward from a building pad, parking lot, and so on, the SCS900 software enables you to project either cut or fill side slopes (both of which can defined) from a 3D line as modeled within the design map or measured in the field.

That line is referred to as the side slope’s reference line. The SCS900 software guides you in staking all aspects of the side slope, including the reference line itself, the catch points where the side slope intersects the ground surface as it is encountered on the site, and intermediate grade stakes as may be needed anywhere on the surface of the side slope.

SCS900 Road and Side Slope Stakeout User Guide

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Roadway and Side Slope Staking Concepts

Staking intervals When staking a roadway feature, catch point, location on a surface or a side slope that originates from a selected 3D line or is defined within a roadway model, you can stake catch points at: •

Fixed intervals – Enables you to stake and locate at fixed intervals, for example at station intervals of 10 m (50 feet) and at the horizontal control points (such as PCs and PTs). This is the default mode.

•

Randomly chosen intervals – Enables you to stake and locate wherever you want along the reference line. In this mode, you can stake catch points in addition to those you have staked at a fixed interval.

Staking intervals applies to the following options in the Stakeout menu: •

Side Slope & Catch Point option – For more information, see Chapter 4, Staking Side Slopes and Catch Points.

•

Road option (Roadway Feature, Catch Point, and Location on Surface options) – For more information, see Chapter 6, Staking Roads.

Map view and the cross section view The SCS900 software shows the map and cross section views within the display real-time cut and fill, stakeout side slope, stakeout roads, measure surface, and grade/thickness check functions. To switch views, tap the button shown in Figure 2.1.

The icon on the button shows you which view you are in.

Map view. Tap to switch to Cross section view.

Figure 2.1

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Map and Cross section views

SCS900 Road and Side Slope Stakeout User Guide

Cross section view. Tap to switch to Map view.

Roadway and Side Slope Staking Concepts

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Accessing the shortcut menu When you are in the map views, you can access a shortcut menu of all commonly used stakeout functions that relate to your current task. To open the menu, tap the Trimble Key button (see Figure 2.2) or tap the Trimble Key on the controller keypad.

Trimble Key button

Figure 2.2

Opening the Stakeout shortcut menu

The menu that appears changes according to your current task: Roadway Feature menu

Catch Point menu

Location on Surface menu

SCS900 Road and Side Slope Stakeout User Guide

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Roadway and Side Slope Staking Concepts

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SCS900 Road and Side Slope Stakeout User Guide

CHAPTER

3 Stakeout Settings In this chapter: 

General stake placement and marking



Grade stake marking

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Catch point marking

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Lightbar options

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The SCS900 software contains the following stakeout settings that relate to road and side slope stakeout.To access these settings, from the main menu select 4 Settings / 5 Stakeout Settings.

SCS900 Road and Side Slope Stakeout User Guide

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Stakeout Settings

General stake placement and marking The SCS900 software supports three elevation reference methods used for marking cut depths or fill heights on a grade stake or location/grade stake: •

Measuring the cut/fill reference mark from the ground surface (see page 11)

•

Measuring the cut/fill reference mark from the top of the stake (see page 11) These methods help you establish a cut/fill reference mark on the stake at a specified cut/fill measurement interval, such as at even one-foot increments.

If you choose to place a cut/fill reference mark on the grade stake, SCS900 provides you with a Stake Marking report to help you establish the position of the reference mark on the stake and to help you label it properly.

•

Cut/fill reference from the measured point (see page 12) This method enables you to label a grade stake with the required cut depth or fill height as measured from the measured point, which can be either the top of stake, or the current ground surface.

If you choose to mark the stake with the cut depth or fill height as referenced to the measured point, the SCS900 software simply informs you of the cut or fill measurement. In this case, you can mark that measurement on the stake, using your normal convention to indicate from where the measurement is referenced.

Most users will employ one of the above methods consistently. Normally, you use only one method. When you first receive the SCS900 software, you should switch to the correct setting. The SCS900 software then uses that setting for all stakeout operations.

When you tap Stake during a stakeout operation, the SCS900 software converts the measured elevation, design elevation, and computed cut depth or fill height into information that you can then write on the stake. It also informs you where to mark the stake based on the settings that you enter in the General Stake Placement & Marking dialog and the Grade Stake Marking dialog (see page 13).

To set the general stake marking preference:

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1.

From the main menu, tap 4 Settings. The Settings menu appears.

2.

Select 5Stakeout Settings. The Stakeout Settings dialog appears.

3.

Select 1General Stake Placement & Marking. The following dialog appears:

SCS900 Road and Side Slope Stakeout User Guide

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Stakeout Settings

4.

Specify the horizontal tolerance that must be achieved as you navigate to the point at which the stake is to be placed. If you tap Stake before you get within this distance of the targeted point, the software warns you that the measured point at which you decided to place the stake was out of tolerance.

5.

Select an elevation reference method and then tap OK.

Measuring the cut/fill reference mark from the ground surface The Ground Surface elevation reference method enables you to navigate to the required location. When you tap Stake, the software uses the measured point at ground level to compute the stake writing information.

The software generates a Stake Marking report that contains instructions on how to write the stake, for example: Come up the stake by X.X m Mark the stake cut or fill of Y.Y m

The software computes the values using the settings in the Grade Stake Marking dialog (see page 13).

Measuring the cut/fill reference mark from the top of the stake The Top of Stake elevation reference method enables you to navigate to the point.

When you tap Stake, the software instructs you to drive the stake and then measure the top of the stake so that the software can determine its elevation. The top of stake measurement controls the stake writing information.

The software computes the values using the settings in the Grade Stake Marking dialog (see page 13).

This method also changes the way the point is staked: 1.

Let the SCS900 system guide you to the correct location.

2.

Tap Stake.

3.

Drive the stake into the ground.

4.

The software instructs you to measure the top of the stake. If you changed the antenna height, enter the new height here when prompted:

SCS900 Road and Side Slope Stakeout User Guide

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Stakeout Settings

5.

Tap Measure.

The software generates a Stake Marking report that contains instructions about how to write the stake, for example: Come down the stake by X.X m Mark the stake cut or fill of Y.Y m

The software computes the values using the settings in the Grade Stake Marking dialog.

Note – For all fill situations, the software tries to place the fill=0 location on the stake within the working length allowed. If the fill value is too great to fit on the stake, the software computes the fill location to the next highest defined stake interval. For example, if the fill is 1.365 m and the working stake length allowed is 0.7 m with 0 m minimum bottom and 0 m minimum top of stake settings, then the Fill =0 would be at 0.665 m above the top of stake. If the Cut/Fill interval field is set to 0.1 m, then the mark on the stake would be Come Up Stake by 0.665 m to a Fill of 0.7 m.

For all cut situations, the software involves marking the stake with a cut other than zero, because all cut values mean that the marked location would need to be below ground to give a cut of 0. For example, a cut of 0.257 m is marked as Come up the stake by 0.043 to a Cut of 0.3. The software always computes the cut stake markings so they are at the lowest possible location on the stake, based on the settings provided.

The Top of stake method uses the same approach, but uses the top of the stake as its reference. The measurements are provided as come down the stake instead of come up the stake.

Cut/fill reference from the measured point The Measured Point elevation reference method enables you to navigate to the required location. When you tap Stake, the software uses the actual measured point to determine the cut and fill at that location. In this method, the software provides you with the Stake Marking report that contains the actual elevation, design elevation, and cut/fill information so that you can write the stake however you want.

Do the following: 1.

Let the SCS900 system guide you to the point.

2.

Tap Stake.

The software reports the required cut depth or fill height from the measured point to the design, which you can write on the stake, to be measured from the measured point, that is, typically either the top of stake or the ground surface. It does not provide any additional instructions.

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SCS900 Road and Side Slope Stakeout User Guide

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Stakeout Settings

Grade stake marking The SCS900 software shows you how to mark the stake. In all stakeout functions, the SCS900 system guides you to a selected or computed location. Where the location has a design elevation and when you tap Stake, the software takes a measurement and computes the cut/fill value from the measured point to the design. If you have chosen to mark a cut/fill reference line on the grade stake, the Stake Marking report uses the parameters, which you enter to define the physical wooden stake, to determine where on the stake you need to draw the mark, and the information you should write on the stake.

To set the grade stake marking settings: 1.

From the Stakeout Settings dialog, select 2 Grade Stake Marking. The following dialog appears:

2.

To view a visual representation of the grade stake mark settings, tap Diagram.

The Stake Marking Parameters screen appears:

The stake settings include the following: •

Working stake length – This setting defines the typical length of stake that is left above the ground after it has been set. For example, if stakes are 1 m in length, 0.7 m is typically left as the working stake length.

SCS900 Road and Side Slope Stakeout User Guide

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Stakeout Settings

B

•

Cut/Fill interval – This setting defines at what elevation intervals you want to place the cut/fill reference mark, if it is not possible to place the stake at grade, that is, a cut/fill of zero. Marking all stakes with random cut or fill values makes it hard for machine operators to identify quickly how much cut/fill needs to be applied at any location. This interval means that a cut, for example of 0.372 m, would be written on the stake at the right location (rounded to the nearest tenth of a meter, for example, 0.4 m) and that the location of the mark on the stake is at the correct location for that cut/fill value.

•

Min. bottom of stake spacing – This setting defines how far above the ground you typically want to write the mark on the stake as a minimum clearance to the ground. It is not practical to mark a stake at ground level because a person cannot read it. A typical value is 0.2 m.

Tip – To draw the mark on the stake wherever possible at the location of the Cut/Fill = 0.000, you should set this value to 0.000.

•

Min. top of stake spacing – This setting defines how far below the top of stake you typically want to write the mark on the stake as a minimum clearance below the top of stake. It is not practical to write the stake at the very top because it cannot be read. A typical value is 0.1 m.

Note – If you want to use the full stake length as possible locations to mark the stake, then this value should also be set to 0.000.

Catch point marking The software has settings that determine how you want to stake catch points. Different users adopt different conventions for staking catch points. Where a construction tie or side slope intersects the current ground surface, that line of intersection is often referred to as the daylight line. The three methods of catch point staking are:

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Single stake

•

Dual stake

•

Batter rail

1.

From the Stakeout Settings dialog, select 3 Catch Point Marking. The following dialog appears:

SCS900 Road and Side Slope Stakeout User Guide

Stakeout Settings

2.

B

3

Select a catch point marking method and then tap Define.

Tip – To view a visual representation of the settings, tap Diagram.

Do one of the following: –

If you selected Single stake, the Single Catch Point Stake Settings dialog appears. Enter the vertical offset to the nail (to set the stake at the exact catch point location, leave it as 0.000) and then tap OK:

For more information, see Single stake method, page 16.

–

If you selected Dual stake, the Dual Catch Point Stake Settings dialog appears. Enter the lateral offset and the vertical offset to the nail (to set the stake at the exact catch point location, leave it as 0.000) and then tap OK:

For more information, see Dual stake method, page 16.

–

If you selected Batter rail, the Cut Batter Rail Settings dialog appears:

SCS900 Road and Side Slope Stakeout User Guide

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Stakeout Settings

Define the parameters for the cut batter rail placement and tap Next. The Fill Batter Rail Settings dialog appears:

Define the parameters for the fill batter rail and then tap Finish.

For more information, see Batter rail method, page 16.

Single stake method 1.

Let the SCS900 system guide you to the catch point location.

2.

Tap Stake.

The software reports information about the side slope forming the catch point.

The software provides you with storyboard data for the side slope that has just been staked.

Dual stake method 1.

Let the SCS900 system guide you to the catch point location.

2.

Tap Stake.

The software reports information about the side slope forming the catch point.

3.

Let the SCS900 system guide you to a second “Reference Stake� location at a predefined offset to the catch point.

4.

When you arrive at the reference stake location, tap Stake.

The software provides you with storyboard information noting the geometric relationship between the catch point and the reference stake. If the catch point stake is disturbed or destroyed, you can use the information to re-establish the catch point location from the reference point.

Batter rail method

16

1.

Let the SCS900 system guide you to the catch point location.

2.

Tap Stake.

3.

Let the SCS900 system guide you to the inner batter rail stake, which is typically set back by a fixed amount from the catch point location.

SCS900 Road and Side Slope Stakeout User Guide

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Stakeout Settings

4.

Tap Stake again.

The software displays how far to come up or down the stake to mark the guide nail location.

5.

Let the SCS900 system guide you to the outer batter rail stake.

6.

Tap Stake again.

The software provides information so you can set the guide nail for the outer stake.

7.

Attach the batter rail between the inner and outer stake.

The software provides storyboard information that describes the side slope geometry.

Lightbar options The lightbar, in combination with the displayed cut or fill value provides one of several available aids when navigating to stake a catch point and when performing other grading operations: •

It provides a high visibility and, optionally, an audible indication to inform you that cut or fill at your current location is needed to achieve the side slope grade.

•

It shows you when you are within the specified tolerance of being on grade.

To access the lightbar options, select Stakeout Settings / Lightbar Options. These settings control the sensitivity and the display and behavior of the lightbar. The settings apply to the current site.

On-Grade tolerances You can establish and maintain vertical on-grade tolerances. SCS900 calculates the elevation difference between the measured point and the design grade. If the difference falls inside the tolerance figures, the central green bar on the lightbar lights to indicate that you are on grade. You can specify both an above design tolerance and a below design tolerance.

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Stakeout Settings

Display modes To control the display of the lightbar, select one of the following Display Mode options:

18

•

Map Only – If you prefer not to use the lightbar, select this mode to turn off the Lightbar view. You can rely on the graphical navigation aids provided by the map or cross section view. The example shows the map view.

•

Lightbar Only – You can choose to eliminate the map or cross section view and display the lightbar only, as shown below. This mode is effective for certain grade measurement operations where you only need to know what the grade is at your current location in comparison to the design grade.

•

Map + Lightbar – This mode displays both the lightbar and the map or cross section view (the example shows the map view).

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Stakeout Settings

3

Audible tone The Audible Tone option enables you to turn on or to turn off the lightbar’s audible indication feature.

With the audible tone turned on, as the measured cut or fill value significantly exceeds the established tolerance, the audible tone is silent. As the measured grade approaches the design grade, but still differs in excess of the specified on-grade tolerance, a beeping tone is heard to indicate that you are getting close. The rate of beeping under cut and fill circumstances differs so you can audibly distinguish the difference. A cut circumstance causes the tone to beep at roughly twice the rate of a fill circumstance.

When the measured grade is within the on-grade tolerance, you will hear a constant tone. The audible tone is available only when the lightbar is displayed.

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SCS900 Road and Side Slope Stakeout User Guide

CHAPTER

4 Staking Side Slopes and Catch Points

4

In this chapter: 

Side slope or catch point as projected from a 3D line



Catch point as projected from a 3D point



Staking modes



Selecting a feature to stakeout



Creating points

In the Stakeout menu, the Side Slope & Catch Point option helps you to stake any earthwork operation that involves a tie to the current ground surface. Examples include staking earthworks for pad placement, earth dams, site drainage, ponds, lagoons, embankments, and keyways. There are two methods of side slope staking: •

Side slope or catch point as projected from a 3D line

•

Catch point as projected from a 3D point

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Staking Side Slopes and Catch Points

Side slope or catch point as projected from a 3D line Using this option, you can stake multiple aspects of a side slope as projected from a 3D line. You can select the initial line that you designate from the design map, or create it in the field, as described below. It can be the line from which the side slope is actually projected, or it can be that from which a new line which is created for that purpose by offsetting the selected line either horizontally, vertically, or both. The line from which the side slope is actually to be projected is referred to as the reference line. The reference line may or may not be the line that you initially select or create, depending on whether you specify that it is offset from that line. You can select the reference line, or the line from which it is to be offset, from the design map, or create it by connecting previously-measured points, control points, or stakeout points. If appropriate points do not exist, you can create those points through a separate operation, using the point creation tools.

Note – The side slope staking operation enables you to create a new line by connecting existing points, but it does not allow you to create new points from which to form a 3D line.

However, those point creation tools are available within several other operations. For more information, see Creating points, page 31.

Figure 4.1 shows the relationship between the reference and daylight lines and between the current surface and the design surface.

Fill side slope

Current surface Daylight line Reference line

Cut side slope

Figure 4.1

Design surface

Cut and fill side slopes as projected from a 3D line on the design surface to their intersection with the current ground surface

The ability to create a new reference line that is offset horizontally and/or vertically from an existing 3D line is especially useful in, for example, keyway staking operations.

In such a case, you may have created a 3D line that follows along the current ground surface, and which defines one of the upper limits of the keyway. For example, if you had to excavate to a depth of 10 m at a 1:1 slope, and then a further 10 m horizontally from the toe of that slope, before applying a cut slope of 1:1 to the current ground surface as shown in Figure 4.2.

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4

Catch point

Selected existing line in the design map Side slope

Reference line as offset from the selected line Figure 4.2

Example showing typical keyway staking

To define the above noted cut slope and stake the catch point where it intersects the ground surface, apply a horizontal offset of 20 m from the selected line and a vertical offset of 10 m below that line to compute the reference line’s location, and then project a 1:1 cut slope from the reference line. Now navigate across the current ground surface to locate the catch points as required.

Figure 4.3

Settings for side slope staking to form a keyway noted in the above example

Figure 4.4

Input of cut slope settings

Use the Define Side Slope dialog to select the direction of the slope and whether you define a cut and/or fill side slope to the left or right of the reference line. To select what the slope designation is to be based on, tap the right arrow button. A menu appears (shown on the right in Figure 4.4) with the following choices: •

Rise:Run

•

Run:Rise

•

Slope

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•

Percent (%) slope

After you enter the settings and tap OK, the map view appears. Depending on whether you have selected the Stake at fixed intervals or Stake at randomly chosen intervals mode, the operations differ slightly. These two mutually exclusive modes are described in the following sections.

Catch point as projected from a 3D point This method enables you to select a 3D point from which to project a cut or fill side slope in a specific direction, and from that determine the catch point location where the projected slope line intersects the current ground surface.

To use this method, you need to: 1.

Define the origin of the slope by selecting a point or measuring a new point.

2.

Define the direction of the slope.

3.

Define the magnitude of the cut or fill slopes.

The SCS900 software then shows the slope originating from the selected point in the map view. Once you have navigated close to the slope, it shows whether the slope is a cut or fill slope (a red line shows cut, a blue line shows fill), and the predicted catch point. You can navigate to the catch point and then tap Stake to record its location and display the Stake Marking report.

B

Tip – To compute the direction of the slope, you must select a second point. If a second point does not exist, create one (tap New and select the Free point pick option). The second point must be a point or a keyed-in value for the direction, that is you can enter 45° as a direction, but you cannot extract it from the map without first creating a point.

Staking modes Reference lines, intermediates grade stakes to the side slope’s surface, and catch points can all be staked in the following two modes: •

Stake at randomly chosen intervals mode (see page 25)

•

Stake at fixed intervals mode (see page 26)

When staking catch points at a fixed interval, you may want to intermittently switch to the Stake at randomly chosen intervals mode to accommodate terrain extremes that may occur between those fixed intervals. For example, you may decide to place additional catch point stakes between the normal fixed intervals, if the current ground surface includes a lateral ditch or another type of marked depression or mound that considerably impacts catch point locations in its vicinity, and if all, or a portion, of that terrain feature occurs between the fixed intervals.

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4

As you stake catch points at fixed intervals, you should adapt to the existing terrain and be aware of the affect that it may have on the location of the daylight line. You can freely switch between the Stake at fixed intervals mode and Stake at randomly chosen interval modes.

Changing the staking mode To switch modes, tap the button shown in Figure 4.5. The Staking interval shortcut menu appears. The icon on the button shows which mode is the current mode.

Stake at randomly chosen intervals mode. Tap to open the Staking interval menu to switch to the Stake at fixed intervals mode.

Stake at fixed intervals mode.

Tap to open the Staking interval menu to switch to the Stake at randomly chosen intervals mode.

Staking interval menu

Figure 4.5

Staking mode status indicators and selection menu

Stake at randomly chosen intervals mode In the Stake at randomly chosen intervals mode, you may roam freely along the designated reference line, as long as you are on the correct side of that line (that to which the side slope has been defined), and as long as you are located at a valid perpendicular or radial offset from a point lying on that line. This point is referred to as the reference point.

The SCS900 software computes the elevation of the reference line at that point, and projects the designated cut and/or fill side slope magnitudes from that reference point, through your position, along a line referred to as the slope indicator. The slope indicator line is shown in the map view, extending from the reference line to the currently predicted catch point location. In predicting the location of the catch point, if you have defined both cut and fill slope magnitudes, the software determines whether the cut slope or fill slope is applicable at the reference point, based on the last

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Staking Side Slopes and Catch Points

measured ground elevation where you are located. If you have defined only one slope magnitude or the other, the software gives you a solution only if the conditions enable a solution.

Stake at fixed intervals mode In the Stake at fixed intervals mode, select a specific station at which to locate the catch point, for example, Station 0+70.00. Once selected, the map view shows the required station as a gray line projecting from the reference line (as shown). Your location is shown, and information provided that enables you to navigate to the correct station. In the example, this information is provided as Go W 33.871 m and the big stakeout arrow points to the top of the screen when navigating in the correct direction.

When you approach the correct station to within 10 m, the displayed navigation information switches to show Ahead/Back and Inward/Outward movement, and the software guides you to the nearest point at the correct station:

As you approach within 4 m of the correct station, the catch point is predicted and more precise navigation information is provided. In the example below, this is shown by the instructions Ahead 2.979 and Inward 2.131, that is, you have to move ahead (up station by that distance to get to Station 0+70.00 and towards the reference line to get to the catch point).

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4

Now navigate to the predicted catch point in the same way as for the Stake at randomly chosen intervals mode and stake the point accordingly:

Automatically advancing to the next or previous station To increment the station to the next scheduled interval: 1.

Tap

. The shortcut menu appears:

2.

Select the Staking Interval option. The Staking Interval dialog appears.

3.

Set the Auto Advancement field to one of the following options: To ‌

select this option ‌

automatically move up station between points

Auto advance to next station

automatically move down station between points

Auto advance to previous station

stake multiple feature nodes at each station Do not auto advance This option maintains the current station between points, and enables you to increase or decrease the station when you are ready.

Staking out building pad side slopes at fixed station intervals When staking building pad side slopes, the building pad has both internal and external right-angled corners. If you have chosen to stake at fixed intervals, and you are staking the tangent points (also known as corner points), then when a corner point is selected, the SCS900 software automatically switches to the Stake at randomly chosen interval mode. As you navigate around an external corner (the area between the two orange lines (see below)), the side slope is projected radially from the corner point, providing a continuous sweep of catch points around the corner as shown below.

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Staking Side Slopes and Catch Points

On an internal corner as shown below, a single projected catch point is provided at the split of the internal corner angle only:

Selecting a feature to stakeout At any time, you can change the part of the side slope that you intend to stake. You can stake the reference line1, any position on the side slope, or the catch point. To designate what is to be staked, tap . The icon on the button shows the current type of feature that you want to stake out.

A menu is displayed allowing you to select from among the following choices: •

Reference Line (see page 29)

•

Side Slope (see page 29)

•

Catch Points (see page 29)

When you select an option, the icon shown on the button changes to show the current setting: When staking …

the following icon is displayed …

a reference line

a side slope

catch points

The three aspects of side-slope staking SCS900 supports three aspects of side slope staking: •

Staking the reference line from which the side slope is projected

•

Placing intermediate grade stakes anywhere on the surface of the side slope

1.

Refers to the line from which the side slope is projected. It may be the 3D line that you selected, or it may optionally be the line formed at a horizontal and or vertical offset from that line.

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•

4

Staking catch points

You can perform all of these operations either in the Stake at fixed intervals mode or in the Stake at randomly chosen intervals modes.

Staking reference lines The Reference Line option enables you to stake out the side slope’s reference line. The SCS900 system guides you to the line at the nearest point to where you currently are (Stake at randomly chosen intervals mode), or to a specific station (Stake at fixed intervals mode). In the Stake at fixed intervals mode, the system guides you by Ahead/Back and Inward/Outward movements, or by Go NW x.x m movements. In the Stake at randomly chosen intervals mode, the system guides you by Inward/Outward movements, or by Go NW x.x m movements.

Placing intermediate grade stakes on the side slope The Side Slope option enables you to place a grade stake at any required location on the side slope between the reference line and the catch point. It is useful in circumstances that involve long side slopes, and particularly those that are relatively flat as opposed to being steep. In those cases, it can be difficult to achieve a straight cross sectional grade between the top and bottom of the side slope without the guidance provided by intermediate grade stakes. Again, you can do this using the Stake at fixed intervals mode or the Stake at randomly chosen intervals mode.

In the Stake at fixed intervals mode, the software guides you to the currently specified station, however, you can move to any required offset from the reference line. In the Stake at randomly chosen intervals mode, you can move to any required location on the side slope. While doing so, the software reports the following information: •

The station and offset of your current position.

•

The design elevation on the slope or the measured ground elevation at that position, plus the cut depth or fill height at that position, as the case may be.

Staking catch points The Catch point option enables you to stake out points where the side slope intersects the ground surface as it is found to exist. The SCS900 system guides you to the catch point at any random station (Stake at randomly chosen intervals mode), or its location at a specific station (Stake at fixed intervals mode). In the Stake at fixed intervals mode, the system guides you noting the need for Ahead/Back and Inward/Outward movements, or by Go NW x.x m movements. In the Stake at randomly chosen intervals mode, the system guides you by Inward/Outward movements, or by Go NW x.x m movements.

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Staking Side Slopes and Catch Points

If the predicted slope is a fill slope, the slope indicator is shown in the map view as a blue line. If the predicted slope is a cut slope, the slope indicator is shown in red. The predicted catch point is marked as a green circle at the end of the predicted slope line.

The gray line is simply a continuation of the predicted slope line beyond the predicted catch point.

If you are working in the cross section view, the software shows the fill solution (if you have defined one) as a blue line, and the cut solution (if you have defined one) as a red line.

When working in the map view, if you have defined only a cut slope and if the last measured ground elevation is beneath that of the reference point, there is no catch point location position. Similarly, if you have defined only a fill slope and if the last measured ground elevation is above that of the reference point, the expected fill slope will not yield a solution. In that case, when working in the map view, the entirety of the slope indicator line is gray, which means that a solution does not exist, and the catch point’s position will not be predicted.

Let the SCS900 system guide you to the catch point location. In the example shown above, you are to move inward by 2.470 m. As you move toward the catch point, the catch point is recomputed based on the last measured ground elevation. Once you arrive at the point to within the established stakeout tolerances, the following things occur:

30

•

The cut/fill value will be approximately zero.

•

The data box for the cut/fill value changes to green.

•

The audible tone, if enabled, will be continuous.

•

The lightbar will show on grade.

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Staking Side Slopes and Catch Points

At this point, you are allowed to stake the point.

Note – As you move, the software continually recomputes the catch point. When you move inward or outward while staying at a particular station, the catch point is recomputed based on the latest measured ground elevation. If you move to a different station, the catch point is recomputed based on a recomputation of the elevation of the reference line at your current location and the last measured ground elevation.

In the above example, the design elevation is the computed elevation on the side tie slope at the last measured location. The cut depth, if applicable, is the amount of cut required at the last measured location to get to the design elevation. The reported fill height is the amount of fill that may otherwise be required at that location. When the catch point is located, the cut/fill is zero, and the design elevation is the same as the measured elevation. The lightbar and audible tone can be used to graphically and audibly navigate to the catch point location.

Creating points Several SCS900 operations enable you to create points in the field. If you want to create a new 3D line in the field, from which to project a side slope, you can use any of those operations to create 3D points to which the new line can be connected. However, there are some differences as to the type of points they are identified as (listed and subsequently displayed as stakeout points or measured points). You can create new points in the following ways: 1.

From the Measurements menu, the Measure Site Features option enables you to create new points, but more importantly in terms of creating a new line from which to project a side slope, it also enables you to directly create and name the new line in the same operation, by measuring multiple points. This operation is useful where you need to create a 3D line lying on the current ground surface.

The line and points that you create is recorded as a measured site feature.

2.

From the Stakeout menu, the Enter / Edit Stakeout Points option enables you to create new 3D points by entry of their known coordinates. Those new points are added to the current design’s stake points file. When subsequently performing the side slope staking operation, you can then connect the points to create a new 3D line.

3.

From the Stakeout menu, the Points option enables you to create a new point, which is added to the current design’s stakeout points file. From the Volume & COGO menu, select Create Stakeout points. For more information, refer to the Creating Stakeout Points chapter in the Trimble SCS900 Stakeout User Guide.

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Staking Side Slopes and Catch Points

SCS900 Road and Side Slope Stakeout User Guide

CHAPTER

5 Creating a New Road In this chapter: 

Creating a road



Creating and editing a roadway alignment



Creating a vertical alignment



Saving the new alignment

5

The SCS900 software enables you to create a basic road while you are in the field. This is useful if you have paper plans of a road you want to use in the SCS900 software or if you want to create a temporary access road without designing it in the office.

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Creating a New Road

Creating a road 1.

From the main menu, select 5 Volume & COGO.

The following menu appears:

2.

Select 5 Create/Edit Road Data. The Key In Roads screen appears:

The following options are available:

34

–

Create/Edit Roadway Alignment (see page 35)

–

Position and Create Templates (see page 38)

–

Create Stakeout Point at an Offset from the alignment (see page 42)

–

Create Stakeout Point at a deflection angle from the alignment (see page 42)

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Creating a New Road

Creating and editing a roadway alignment Creating a horizontal alignment 1.

Tap the Create/Edit Roadway Alignment icon. A tabular entry screen appears:

2.

If roads already exist in the current design that were created in the SCS900 software, you are prompted to choose to either edit an existing road or create a new one.

3.

Enter the name of the horizontal alignment and then complete the numeric boxes to define it.

The following table shows the record types that the SCS900 software supports and the data that you must enter for each type. The POB is the Point Of Beginning, which is always the first record for a horizontal alignment and contains the start station and coordinates. The azimuth is always automatically computed and appears in the table as Tangent. If you tap on this field, the software displays the actual calculated azimuth. If required, you can overwrite it with your own value. You can also enter the azimuth as a bearing (that is, S 90 W = azimuth of 270째).

Record type

Col1

Col2

Col3

POB

Station (chainage)

Northing

Easting

Line

Azimuth

Length

Spiral In

Azimuth

Direction

Radius

Length

Arc

Azimuth

Direction

Radius

Length

Spiral out

Azimuth

Direction

Radius

Length

Combining Spiral Azimuth

Col4

Length

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Creating a New Road

4.

The end station value appears as you enter the road details. Tap Map to see the plan view of the alignment you are creating:

Creating a vertical alignment 1.

Tap Next. The VAL (vertical alignment) Data Entry screen appears:

2.

Enter the name of the vertical alignment and then complete the numeric boxes to define it.

This table shows the record types that the SCS900 software supports and the data that you must enter for each type. The POB is the Point Of Beginning, which is always the first record for a vertical alignment and contains the start station and elevation.

36

Record type

Col1

Col2

POB

Station

Elevation

Arc VPI

Station

Elevation

Radius

Vertical VPI

Station

Elevation

Length

Grade break

Station

Elevation

SCS900 Road and Side Slope Stakeout User Guide

Col3

5

Creating a New Road

3.

The final station value must be the same as the end station displayed in the previous horizontal alignment entry screen. Tap Map to see the profile view of the alignment you are creating.

Saving the new alignment 1.

Tap Next:

2.

Enter a name for the road job and then tap Finish.

3.

If there is no current design, you are also prompted to create a new SCS900 design:

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Creating a New Road

The main create road screen reappears showing you the plan view of the alignment you have just created:

Positioning and creating templates 1.

Tap the Position and Create Templates icon. The following screen appears:

Station you want to view template at

Jump to previous or next template definition

View current template in cross-section view

Delete template at current station Create a template at current station

These steps describe how to create a template at station = 0. The template will be identical on the left and right side of the centerline and will consist of the following features:

38

Name

Horizontal offset

Slope

Edge of pavement

3.500 m from centerline

-2.5%

Shoulder

1.500 m from edge of pavement

-5.0%

Tie slope when in cut situation

1:2

Tie slope when in fill situation

1:3

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Creating a New Road

2.

Enter station 0.000 and then tap the create a template at current station button. The following screen appears: Vertical offset

Horizontal offset Cut slope Fill slope Change data entry format

Code for the point the cross section you are creating Undo Delete point Copy template from one side of the road to the other side Change focus to the other side of the road Insert point

Import current template Export current template from the template library to the template library

3.

B

When you first enter this screen, you will enter values for the right side of the road; the values are applied from the centerline. To create the Edge of Pavement point, complete the boxes as shown:

Tip – To change the input method for the vertical offset, tap the black down arrow. You can choose Vertical Offset (m or ft), Slope (%), Slope (Rise:Run), or Slope (Run:Rise).

4.

Tap the Insert button to see the edge of pavement on the right side of the road on the cross section.

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5

40

Creating a New Road

5.

Do the same for the Shoulder and complete the boxes for the cut tie slope and the fill tie slope as shown:

6.

Copy the right side of the road over to the left side by tapping the copy template button.

7.

When the template is complete, tap Save. Enter a name for the template and whether you want to store the template in a library that can be accessed from any site on the controller.

8.

Tap OK.

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Creating a New Road

9.

Using templates means you can easily recall them by tapping the import template button. Select a template from the list. The whole definition appears in the cross section view.

You can view the templates either in plan view or cross section view at any station you want. You can also view the templates at stations between definitions. The SCS900 software transitions between the templates:

Station you want to view template at

Jump to previous or next template definition

View current template in cross-section view

Delete template at current station Create a template at current station

Creating stakeout points Two cogo functions are available: •

Create stakeout points at an offset from the alignment. This function can be used for any road, not just ones created in the SCS900 software. See page 42.

•

Create stakeout points at an offset from the alignment at a deflection angle. For example, this can be useful where a drain crosses a road. This feature can be used for any road, not just ones created using the SCS900 software. See page 42.

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Creating a New Road

Creating a stakeout point at an offset from the alignment 1.

Tap the Create stakeout point at offset icon.

2.

Enter a subgrade, if it exists.

3.

Enter the station, horizontal, and vertical offset for the new point. The SCS900 software shows you where the point will appear before creating it:

4.

Tap Next.

Creating a stakeout point at a deflection angle from the alignment

42

1.

Tap the Create stakeout point at deflection icon.

2.

Enter a subgrade, if it exists.

3.

Enter the station, the deflection angle, horizontal offset, and vertical offset.

4.

Tap Next.

SCS900 Road and Side Slope Stakeout User Guide

CHAPTER

6 Staking Roads In this chapter: 

Working with subgrades



Working with subgrades



Roadway feature staking



Working with offsets



Custom feature staking



Custom segment staking (defining your own subgrade)



Catch point staking



Staking any location on the surface of the roadway model



Using a Terramodel road model that contains multiple road jobs



Using Terramodel road models

6

In the Road Stakeout and Measurement module for SCS900, there are three road staking methods: •

Roadway feature staking

•

Catch point staking

•

Staking any location on the surface of the roadway mode

The concepts for grade stake marking preferences (see Grade stake marking, page 13), also apply to the staking of roadways, and to the catch point staking methods.

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Staking Roads

Terminology The following terminology is used when staking out roads: Stakeout option

Description

Roadway feature

Enables you to stake any feature on the road cross-section. It is shown as a green node on the cross-section view.

Custom feature

Enables you to stake a point that is the intersection of a segment (for example, a tie slope), and a line defined between any two roadway features.

Custom segment

Enables you to stake a new segment that is created between any two roadway features. A segment is a line on a cross-section that joins two roadway features or a tie slope.

Segment

Roadway feature

Working with subgrades Currently, the SCS900 software does not use the subgrade models stored in a Terramodel project file in association with a road job. However, it does enable you to offset to the finished grade model to accommodate typical simple subgrade shapes.

The resulting subgrade surface can be formed by offsetting the cross-sectional segments either vertically or perpendicularly to the finished grade surface, as required to accommodate the subgrade material depth. When staking to a subgrade, there are a few considerations to take into account.

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You can only access subgrade adjustments of the finished grade from the map views during stakeout or whenever you see the Trimble icon shortcut key: 1.

Tap

. The shortcut menu appears.

2.

Select 3 Subgrade Definition. The Roadway Sugrade Definition dialog appears:

3.

In the Subgrade Offset field, enter a subgrade offset (that is, a non-zero value).

The other options in this dialog then become available.

Setting offsets for subgrades In most cases, you are provided with a model of the finished roadway surface, in which case the most common form of subgrade offset is a downward offset, allowing for the creation of subgrade interfaces to be graded in the build up of the various underlying roadbed materials. However, if you are given data modeling a subgrade surface, you can offset that upward to attain the overlying material surfaces.

Setting offsets to be vertical or perpendicular In many cases, when grading roadway surfaces, the offset type is typically applied vertically, because the cross slope of the pavement elements is normally quite small and the subsequent difference between vertical and perpendicular material thickness is negligible. However, on steeper side slopes where topsoil is being respread over the surface, the material thickness can be quite different when applied vertically or perpendicularly, so you may choose to apply the offset perpendicular to the finished grade rather than vertically.

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Roadway feature staking You can choose the roadway feature that you want to stake out: 1.

From the main menu, select 3 Stakeout / 5 Road / 1 Roadway Feature. The Enter Station dialog appears:

2.

In the Sta field, enter the station value at which you want to begin staking and then tap OK. Enter a station in the box displaying the station, or use the + or – keys to increment up or down station from the currently displayed station, based on the previously established staking interval. When advancing or retreating using the + or - keys, the software advances to the station values at which horizontal control points (such as PCs and PTs) occur, in addition to those occurring at multiples of the established staking interval.

When station equations are in effect, the representation of all station values is altered to include a reference to the particular region of the roadway alignment within which that indicated station value resides. That portion of the alignment prior to the location of the first equation is referred to as region 1. The portion following the first station equation and prior to the second is region 2, and so forth. The presence of a colon within a station value, followed by an integer, is a sign that station equations are in effect and an indication to which instance of that particular station value the reference applies to. Overlap equations can produce circumstance where a particular station value occurs at more than one point along the alignment. Specifying the region number, eliminates the ambiguity that would otherwise occur in noting the station value alone within the overlap region where stations are repeated.

A purple line highlights the cross section. The pink circles on that line represent the nodes in the cross section that you can select for roadway feature staking.

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Staking Roads

6

After you establish the station at which to stake out the subject feature, a cross section of the roadway appears. It notes the location of each roadway feature as a node on that cross section. The instruction Select Roadway Feature appears:

3.

Select a roadway feature.

In this example, you can select the node that represents the roadway feature that you want to stake out.

To select a node, do one of the following: –

Use the left and right arrow keys to scroll left and right across the section to pick each node in turn

–

Select from a node list (tap

–

Tap the required node.

in the top right corner).

If the node is on the finished grade model, the name of the node would be e.g.

SHLD. If the node being selected is on the subgrade adjusted surface, then it would be named SHLD-0.250 meaning it is the SHLD node, but it has a -0.250 m subgrade adjustment being applied to it.

B

Tip – If you are navigating up station, then the normal cross section view is displayed left to right as expected. If however, you are navigating down station, then the cross section would normally be back to front. To reverse the view of the section, tap the button at the bottom center of the screen. The view is flipped and the screen is updated to showso that the cross section is displayed as if you were walking down station.If you want to specify an offset for this feature, see Working with offsets, page 49.

4.

Let the SCS900 system guide you to the point to be staked on the selected feature.

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The point is marked with a green circle on screen. Your location is marked, and linked to the feature to be staked location with a green arrow. Navigation instructions are provided in the form of geographical movements for GPS (Go NW by X.Xm) or roadway related movements (Ahead/Back, Inward/Outward in relation to the centerline) or line of sight movements for a total station (To/Away, Left/Right). When you approach close to the point, the zoomed view appears. Navigate over the point and tap Stake to record the location and determine the cut/fill values and so on.

5.

After you stake the first point, do one of the following: –

If the Auto Advancement field in the Staking Interval dialog (see page 48) is set to the Auto advance to next station option or to the Auto advance to previous station option, accept the next station.

Alternatively, select a new station (Up or down station) and stake the same feature or choose a new feature to stake.

–

6.

Stay at the existing station and choose a new feature to stake.

Repeat the process until you have finished.

Changing the staking mode From within the map view, you can change the staking mode to Catch Point or Location on Surface, without having to exit to the menu. To change the staking mode, tap . The Select new object menu appears:

Automatically advancing to the next or previous station To increment the station to the next scheduled interval:

48

1.

Tap

. The shortcut menu appears.

2.

Select the Staking Interval option. The Staking Interval dialog appears.

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3.

6

Set the Auto Advancement field to one of the following options: To …

select this option …

automatically move up station between points

Auto advance to next station

automatically move down station between points

Auto advance to previous station

stake multiple feature nodes at each station Do not auto advance This option maintains the current station between points, and enables you to increase or decrease the station when you are ready.

Working with offsets Simple feature offsets When staking a feature, an offset is usually applied. The SCS900 software is extremely flexible in the way that it enables you to specify an offset.

1.

Tap

. The Define Feature Offset screen shows the following items:

–

The second line enables you to specify the fixed horizontal offset or select a random horizontal offset. When specifying a fixed offset, a red line and a circle shows you where that offset point is. When specifying a random offset, you can stake anywhere along the cross section; the software displays the results to the point you are at.

–

The third line enables you to specify the kind of offset you want to use.

Define Grade enables you to specify a slope for the offset. A grade of 0.000% is horizontal.

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Adjacent segment offsets The Select Adjacent Segment option enables you to project the grade of either the segment going towards the centerline from the selected feature, or the segment going away from the centerline from the selected feature. You can either tap the black arrows or tap the segment itself.

1 m offset projected using slope from inner segment

1 m offset projected using slope from outer segment

Dual-segment offsets The Select Dual Segment option enables you to project the grade of two segments to your stake location. The first segment projection is shown in red; the second segment shown in blue.

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1.

Use the icons to select the segments:

2.

Use the icon to specify a vertical offset. The icon enables you to specify a different feature to apply the offset from.

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Custom feature staking The software enables you to define your own custom feature on a cross section.

Typically, this could be where the subgrade intersects with the tie slope.

1.

From the list, select the Define Custom Feature option:.

2.

Select a segment (typically the tie slope). If the tie slope does not appear, tap and then select the 4 Define Tie slope.

3.

If required, enter a vertical offset for this segment:

4.

Define the subgrade by tapping on two features on your cross section. A stake appears where this subgrade intersects the tie slope. Stake this point out as usual. You can also specify a horizontal offset for the stake.

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Custom segment staking (defining your own subgrade) You can define your own custom segment on a cross section. Typically, this could be in a fill situation where the ground is being built up in layers. Instead of building up using the finished shape of the road, you can also specify a custom subgrade (or segment).

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1.

From the list, select the Define Custom Segment option:

2.

Define the segment by tapping two points on the cross section:

3.

Enter a vertical offset.

4.

You can also use either fixed or random horizontal offsets. Using a random offset enables you to project the new segment out in both directions.

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Catch point staking Catch point staking from the Road menu operates in an almost identical way to the catch point staking associated with the side slope function. The only difference is that the tie slopes are defined in the road model itself, and are automatically displayed. In a typical road model, there are at least two tie slopes; one for the right and one for the left side of the road. In the case of a divided highway, it is common to find four tie slopes, one for the left and right of each of the two traveled ways.

1.

From the main menu, select 3 Stakeout / 5 Road / 2 Catch Points.

The Enter Station dialog appears:

2.

In the Sta field, select the station that you want to stake out and then tap OK. Enter a station in the box displaying the station, or use the + or – keys to step up or down station from the currently displayed station.

A cross section of the roadway is displayed highlighting the tie slopes on that cross section. The instruction Pick a slope appears. The screen shows the cross section for the currently selected station, and the tie slopes as defined in the road model (a cut slope shows in red and a fill slope shows in blue).

Select alternative tie slope Cut slope

Fill slope

3.

Using the arrows, select the tie slope to the left or the right side of the road, or tap on the required tie slope, and then tap OK. If you want to redefine the tie slope, see page 55.

In the top line of the display, the roadway that the tie slope is associated with is displayed. In the example above, there is only one roadway in the selected road job, and that was not named—hence Roadway 0 is displayed.

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The following map view appears. The screen shows the following:

B B

–

Staking is being done in fixed interval mode.

–

Station 100.

–

Based on the last measured ground point, the location of the catch point is predicted as shown within the green circle, helping you to navigate toward the catch point as you take additional ground measurements and refine the predicted catch point location.

–

The data bars at the top of the screen show navigation information for the user in terms of the road alignment, that is, Ahead/Back or Inward/Outward, to get to the catch point. The blue line shows that the fill slope is being used—because the users’ measured position is below that of the tie slope hinge point. If the cut slope was being used, the line would be shown as red.

4.

Let the SCS900 system guide you to the point. When you get to the catch point, the cut/fill will show as 0.000 and the lightbar will show On-grade. Tapping Stake either initiates the stake marking function, or initiates the dual stake or batter rail method of stakeout. For more information, see Dual stake method, page 16 or Batter rail method, page 16).

5.

Repeat the process until you have finished.

Tip – To switch between map and cross section views at any time, tap

or

.

Tip – In the map views, to change between the Stake at fixed intervals and Stake at or . The randomly chosen intervals modes, tap the button that shows the icon: Staking interval menu appears.

Changing the staking mode From within the map view, you can change the staking mode to Roadway Feature or Location on Surface, without exiting the menu. To change the staking mode, tap . The Select new object menu appears.

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Redefining the tie slope You can redefine the current tie slope while you are staking out. For example, the design may specify a 1:3 cut, but when you stake it out you find that the point is outside the site limits, so you change the tie slope to a 1:2.5 cut.

You can also project the tie slope from any node on the cross section.

If the road was created with the Terramodel software with conditional tie slopes ( for example, 1:1 through rock or 1:3 thorugh soil), the software scans all possible slopes and enables you to select any of them as an “alternative slope”.

1.

Tap

.

2.

From the list, select one of the following options: –

Original cut/full

–

Alternative cut/full – A list appears of the available slopes in the PRO file.

–

Key-in cut/fill (%) – Enter the new value and then select the node to apply it from.

–

Key-in cut/fill (rise:run) – Enter the new value and then select the node to apply it from.

–

Key-in cut/fill (run:rise) – Enter the new value and then select the node to apply it from.

–

No cut/fill tie – If you select this option, the tie slopes disappear.

Staking any location on the surface of the roadway model The Location on Surface option has two modes of operation: •

Stake at fixed intervals

•

Stake at randomly chosen intervals

Location on surface by staking at fixed intervals In the Stake at fixed intervals mode, this function enables you to specify a station and a centerline offset at which you want to place a grade stake.

1.

From the main menu, select 3 Stakeout / 5 Road / 3 Location on Surface. The Enter Station and Offset dialog appears:

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For example, if you want to place a stake at stations of 10 m intervals, and at an offset of 3.5 m, this can be specified as shown.

2.

In the Sta field, select the station that you want to stake out.

Enter a station in the Sta field, or use the + or – keys to step up or down station from the currently displayed station.

3.

In the Offset field, enter an offset amount.

4.

Tap OK. The map view appears and shows your location. The point to be staked is marked with a green circle, and an arrow points to the required location from the current measured position.

5.

Let the SCS900 system guide you to the point.

6.

Tap Stake to display the stake marking information. The software automatically computes the next station to stake.

7.

Repeat the process until you have finished.

Note – When staking using this option, and moving down station, ensure that you set up the staking interval and the direction, and the method you want to use to stake. The Staking Interval option enables you to automatically advance to the next or to the previous station, or to manually increment or decrement the station so you can specify a different offset at the same station after each shot.

Changing the staking mode From within the map view, you can change the staking mode to Roadway Feature or Catch Point, without having to exit to the menu. To change the staking mode, tap . The Select new object menu appears:

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Location on surface by staking at randomly chosen intervals In the Stake at randomly chosen intervals mode, the SCS900 software does not guide you to any specific location. You can simply go anywhere over the surface and place a grade stake that marks the finished grade anywhere that is required, getting a real-time cut and fill as you move, and getting stake writing information for the chosen locations.

To switch to the Stake at randomly chosen intervals mode, tap .

Using a Terramodel road model that contains multiple road jobs The SCS900 software uses the Terramodel road modeling capability. When the current design contains a Terramodel project file that itself contains multiple road jobs, 4 Select Road Job becomes available in the Roadway Stakeout menu:

B

Tip – Ensure that the project is placed in the correct location.

If there is no active road set in the Active Road status field, and you try to perform an operation that requires a road job, the SCS900 software prompts you to pick a road job.

To set the active road job: 1.

Select 4 Select Road Job. The Pick a Road Job screen appears:

2.

The software displays a map of the project. In map view, the SCS900 software only displays the alignments for the road jobs contained within the project file.

To view additional linework associated with any of the road jobs, you must add those graphics to the design as a design map.

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3.

From the above screen, you can select the road job required from either the list (accessed via the list button in top right of the screen) or by tapping on the required alignment directly. Tapping an alignment fills out the blank box with the name of the selected road job. Once the correct road job is highlighted, tap OK to continue.

The stakeout functions described previously now apply to the selected road job.

You can change the selected road job at any time, and return to this option to select the one that you require.

Using Terramodel road models The Terramodel software provides you with comprehensive tools to build a complex road model suited to the construction of major highways. Within the road models, you can establish shapes in the cross sections, the geometry of which depends on the presence of a particular soil or rock material or a specific cut or fill condition. For example, a ditch may be present only in cut scenarios, and a rock cut may be present only when rock exists at a specific location. Such dependencies are useful in a roadway design scenario, where the cross-sectional shape of the roadway is expected to change in response to the encountered conditions, and where the software is expected to contribute to the determination of the presence of those conditions. However, in a construction data-preparation scenario, the design is normally fixed. Therefore, to prepare data for construction operations you should typically avoid employing those particular features within the roadway model, and instead construct a static model that reflects the engineer’s final design.

To the extent that models containing such dependent shapes are sent to the site controller, and in order for those shapes to be properly represented, the surface models to which those shapes relate must also be present in the model passed to the site controller. The field system has limited memory capability and limited processor speed, so do not pass very large models with many large surfaces to the field crews.

To maximize the site controller performance, minimize the data in the Terramodel project files as much as possible. The SCS900 software only displays a road job’s horizontal alignment elements in the map view, so do not export graphics from the Terramodel project that do not add value to the road model. To minimize the data, Terramodel software version 10.42 provides an enhanced SCS900 export script that enables you to select the road jobs to export. You can also export the associated surfaces.

You can create Terramodel road models using templates that connect shape elements together, with a series of controls to manage how those shapes perform along the roadway. The shapes can be transitioned in width, in cross slope, or in super elevation.

They can also be conditionally applied in cut or fill, or in different material conditions.

Alternatively, for quick jobs, register a horizontal alignment, and then slice through a loaded surface model at appropriate intervals to create a road job. This approach is ideally suited to projects where digital data is supplied as an accurate TIN or String-based model, for example, from LandXML files or MX GENIO files.

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7 Measuring Roads and Checking Grades

7

When the SCS900 software has an open work order that references a design, which includes a Terramodel project file with a road model, the Measure Surface menu appears as follows:

Note – The Check Grade option references the presence of a roadway model instead of a surface model. It basically operates in the same way as the standard Check Surface Grade option, but the source model is a Terramodel roadway model.

The Check Grade of Roadway option enables you to specify a high or low tolerance for the finished grade and to check whether the grading operations have achieved tolerance. With the presence of the roadway model, you can measure in either map or cross section view.

The Check Material Thickness option enables you to specify the high and low tolerance of a particular material layer thickness of a roadway, and compare measured points to both finished grade and a previously measured surface to establish whether grade and thickness tolerances have been achieved.

In all of the Measurement menu options, there is a map and a cross section view to work in.

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Measuring Roads and Checking Grades

SCS900 Road and Side Slope Stakeout User Guide

Glossary catch point

The point at which a cut or fill tie slope on a road or projected from a site feature ( for example, a pad) intersects with the current ground surface at the station along the line being considered.

chainage

See station.

design

The information required for a task or set of tasks. A design can contain a design map that can provide live linework and points for stakeout and either a surface model or a road model that can provide further information required for staking or checking grade.

design map

The map that provides live linework within a deign for stakeout operations. The design map is a DXF file.

feature

A point that is the intersection of a segment ( for example, a tie slope), and a line defined between any two roadway features.

hinge point

The term that is used generically to refer to the roadway feature from which a tie slope is projected to intersect the ground.

horizontal control point

Traditionally locations along a road alignment where the alignment transitions from one alignment segment type to another, for example, a line to a spiral or a spiral to an arc. In the SCS900 software, it means any node on any line including points at which a polylines changes direction, for example, at building corners.

reference line

A 3D line from which the side slope is to be projected. When you select or create a 3D line for the purpose of side slope staking, you can use that as the side slope's reference line. Additionally, you can create a reference line that is offset horizontally and/or vertically from the selected line.

roadway feature

Enables you to stake any feature on the road cross-section. It is shown as a green node on the cross-section view.

road job

A road job is the term that defines a complete road model within the Terramodel and SCS900 software. It is a collection of roadway information that is expected to function together to define a roadway or a portion of a roadway between specific stationing limits.

A road job contains the main alignments, all sub alignments, the road templates, and all the information used to define widening and super elevation for the road. A single project can contain multiple road jobs for different roads also contained within that single construction project.

Examples of a road job include a simple two lane road, or a divided highway project with northbound and southbound traveled ways.

Within a road job, there may be multiple roadways, for example, the northbound and southbound carriageways of a divided highway may be two individual roadways in a road job.

road model

The road model used by the SCS900 software is a Trimble Terramodel PRO file. This file can be used for both staking and grade checking operations. The Road model is a template based model that provides full accuracy anywhere within the roadway surface.

segment

A line on a cross-section that joins two roadway features or a tie slope.

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Glossary

roadway

A roadway is contained within a road job. A single road job can contain multiple roadways which interact together to form a single road. For example a dual carriageway project with divided highway may contain two roadways – one for the north bound and one for the south bound traveled ways components. The two roadways are connected by a single main alignment which provides the stationing for the project.

Each roadway may have its own alignment, however the road job as a whole has a main alignment from which the stationing is computed. When viewing in map or cross section view, the entire cross section through all of the roadways in the selected road job are visible to the user.

side slope

The sloping surface between a selected line and the catch point at which the side slope intersects the current ground surface, and the extension of that surface beyond the catch point.

site

A project on which a user will be operational for a significant period of time. All design data and all work orders executed will be stored within that site so that it is easy to find and locate data as required in both the office and field controller.

site map

The site map within the SCS900 software is stored as a part of the site data. The site map provides linework as a reference only and is not live, that is, you cannot select it for stakeout purposes.

slope indicator

The slope indicator line is a line drawn in the map view, perpendicular or radial to the reference line, establishing the direction on which the cross section of the side slope is based. When employing the fixed station mode of operation, it is drawn at the established station value. When employing the random interval mode, it is drawn through the user’s last measured location.

South Azimuth

South azimuth refers to the direction of zero bearing used in southern hemisphere countries such as South Africa where zero bearing is due south and not due North as found in northern hemisphere countries.

station

The station of a road project, is the position (distance) of the location in question along the centerline of the road. Station for a road does not necessarily start at zero, so the station of a location is not necessarily the distance from origin of the main alignment for the road.

This term is used primarily in the US, whereas the equivalent term chainage is used throughout many other areas of the world.

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Glossary

station equation

The specification of a position along the roadway alignment at which the stationing value changes from that point forward.

For example, consider a single station equation at which station 3+50.00 is set to be equal to station 3+98.56, thereby establishing that later value as the starting station going forward or ahead from that position. Such an instance is referred to as a gap station equation, because station values between 3+50.00 and 3+98.56 do not occur. There is therefore a gap in the continuity of station values. As a result, the specification of a position such as station 3+60.00 is meaningless, as that station is undefined.

Another common instance is that of an overlap equation. Again, consider a single station equation at which station 3+50.00 is set to be equal to station 2+72.29, again establishing the starting station going forward from that position. In a scenario such as that, a station value within the range of 2+72.29 to 3+50.00 can occur in two locations, making the location of such a station specification ambiguous if only that station value is reported. For instance, in order to specify a location as being at station 3+00.00, one must indicate whether the intended location is meant to be that instance occurring before the station equation, or that occurring after the station equation. That clarification is addressed through a reference to an alignment segment number. The specification of a station equation divides the alignment into individually numbered segments on each side of the position occupied by that equation.

Alignment segment 1 is that occurring before the location at which the first station equation occurs. Segment 2 occurs over that region of the alignment immediately following the first occurring station equation and preceding the second, if applicable, or continuing to the end if only one equation is specified. Segment 3 occurs following the second station equation and preceding the third, etc. In the absence of any station equations, the entirety of the alignment is within a single segment, and stationing can be specified without reference to segment numbers. However, if one or more station equations have been defined, the specification of a station value requires the indication of the alignment segment number within which the intended location lies.

When one or more station equations have been defined, the specification of a station value must be of the form Station:Segment #. As an example, based on the overlap equation described above, 3+00.00:1 indicates the first instance of that station value, i.e., that occurring before the first station equation, whereas 3+00.00:2 indicates the second instance of that same station value, occurring after the first station equation and 77.71 units beyond the above noted first occurrence.

surface model

The surface model used by the SCS900 software is a Trimble Terrain Model file (TTM file). It provides a 3D surface model that can be used for stakeout or grade checking operations.

work order

A task to be performed by a crew on a single jobsite. The work order contains the reference to the appropriate design, along with all required settings and tolerances for the task. The work order also contains a record and report of all the data measured or staked out in the process of completing the task. The work order can be a short-term task (such as stakeout of a specific building pad) or a task that will last the duration of the project (such as stakeout storm water drainage) and that will be executed periodically as required during the project. On completion of the project, all of the information regarding storm water drainage would be stored within a single file that could easily be recalled.

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