EIGHT MOBILIZATIONS FROM
CLICK OR TAP TO SELECT A PROTEST...
#MARCH TO PARLIAMENT: UGANDA’S YOUTH DEMAND ACCOUNTABILITY
PAGE: 8-11 UGANDA
END BAD GOVERNANCE: NIGERIA’S CALL FOR CHANGE PAGE: 4-7 NIGERIA FIX ZESCO: YOUTH RISE AGAINST ZAMBIA’S ENERGY CRISIS & CLIMATE INJUSTICE PAGE: 12-15 ZAMBIA SADC PROTESTS: ZIMBABWE’S YOUTH DEMAND JUSTICE AND REFORM PAGE: 16-19 ZIMBABWE
ACROSS THE WORLD IN 2024
SOCIAL MOVEMENTS ARE THE MOST POWERFUL CATALYST FOR THE FUTURE WE DESERVE
We stand at a pivotal moment in history, where the urgency for justice and systemic change has never been greater. Across the globe, movements led by communities and young activists are sparking transformative change, as they always have, challenging power and imagining new possibilities. These eight stories are just a glimpse into the countless acts of resistance and solidarity unfolding worldwide—interconnected struggles that remind us that achieving global justice requires understanding and amplifying these shared fights for a more equitable future.
GEORGIA 2024: YOUTH RISE FOR EU AND RIGHTS PAGE: 30-33 GEORGIA
UNYIELDING FIGHT FOR DEMOCRACY
The front page cover is based on a poster created by Myanmar artist called Blackdesign
A protester with one leg amputated stads, defiantly facing the assembled military force. Across the top of the image, the text "22222 is visible, representing the protest movement started on 22/2/2021.
Photo:
IN AUGUST 2024, NIGERIAN YOUTH
MOBILIZED NATIONWIDE PROTESTS, DEMANDING TRANSPARENCY, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND AN END TO SYSTEMIC FAILURES.
WHATS THE CONTEXT?
Nigeria, Africa’s most populous nation, has long faced systemic corruption, unemployment, and deteriorating public services. In 2024, public frustration boiled over as inflation surged fuelled by neo-liberal economic policies, fuel subsidies were removed, and insecurity deepened.
Disillusioned by decades of unfulfilled promises and government inefficiency, Nigerian youth spearheaded the renewed End Bad Governance movement. Originating during the #EndSARS protests in 2020, the movement demanding accountability and reform gained renewed vigor in 2024, with citizens—led primarily by young people—leveraging social media platforms to demand better governance, reduced corruption, improved infrastructure, and employment opportunities.
THE NATURE AND GOALS OF THE PROTESTS
The nationwide protests aimed to achieve systemic change through empowering citizens using mobilization, and civic action to demand transparency and integrity from public officials. The campaign sought to address corruption, inefficiency, and inequality, fostering a culture of justice and sustainable development:
■ Transparency in government spending and the eradication of corruption.
■ Restoration of fuel subsidies to ease the cost-of-living crisis.
■ Improved security measures to combat kidnappings and banditry.
■ Youth employment programs to address widespread unemployment.
■ Accountability from political leaders, with demands for the resignation of corrupt or incompetent officials.
CRACKDOWN
The Nigerian government has responded to the End Bad Governance movement with increasing crackdowns, employing heavy-handed tactics such as unlawful arrests, suppression of protests, and internet restrictions through the Cybercrimes ( Prohibition, Prevention etc) Act.
■ Police Brutality: Security forces used tear gas, water cannons, and live ammunition to disperse crowds, leading to over 30 reported deaths and hundreds of injuries.
■ Arrests and Intimidation: Dozens of activists were detained, many charged with treason, some without charge, and organizers faced harassment both online and offline.
■ Misinformation Campaigns: State-sponsored media and bots spread propaganda to discredit the movement and sow division among protesters.
Photo: Kola Sulaimon
Photo: Francis Kokoroko Reuters
THE OUTCOMES
While the protests forced a national reckoning, their outcomes were mixed: Massive turnouts were recorded in cities like Lagos, Abuja, Kano, Delta, and Port Harcourt. Protesters chanted slogans such as ”Enough is Enough” and ”Fix Nigeria Now,” with digital platforms like X (formerly Twitter) and WhatsApp playing a pivotal role in organizing and spreading awareness.
■ Policy Shift: The government pledged to review fuel subsidy policies and initiated investigations into corruption allegations against key officials.
■ Youth Representation: Movement leaders secured a dialogue platform with government representatives, though many activists found these engagements inadequate.
■ Community Solidarity: Despite challenges, youth volunteers organized medical aid stations, legal support for detainees, and crowdfunding campaigns for affected families.
■ Global Solidarity: The protests drew international attention, with Nigerian diaspora communities and global organizations offering support.
Despite these developments, systemic change remains elusive, leaving citizens skeptical of government’s commitment to reform.
The 2024 protests showcased the determination of Nigerian youth to demand a better future. Though systemic reform is still a distant goal, the movement achieved some short-term victories and the End Bad Governance movement has reinvigorated civic activism and inspired hope for meaningful change.
THE WORK OF ACTIONAID
How was ActionAid able to prepare for the protests? What role did it play in the lead-up?
In preparation for the protests, ActionAid Nigeria worked with the organizers to refine their campaign messages. Our aim was to ensure that the demands were both realistic and actionable, which helped unify the movement and amplify its goals. Additionally, we provided essential planning platforms for the organizers by offering both physical and virtual meeting spaces. This included leveraging our offices in key states as safe and accessible hubs for critical planning sessions.
How did ActionAid provide support and leadership during the protests?
”We will continue the fight for justice and equality until every Nigerian is treated with dignity, as no Nigerian is more Nigerian than the other.”
— Josephine Adokwu, activist
During the protests, we played a supportive and facilitative role to ensure the movement’s chances of success. We provided logistical and communication support to enhance mobilization, supplying data and resources to help organizers coordinate effectively. Financial assistance was also extended to directly engaged movements and their affiliated groups, ensuring they had the means to sustain their activities.
Our team maintained a presence at protest sites, offering solidarity to demonstrators and providing protection by witnessing events to be able to document and report on potential breaches. We arranged medical assistance for injured protesters, ensuring their safety and well-being.
How has ActionAid responded to the crackdown on young activists?
We engaged lawyers to secure the release of detained activists facing minor charges and ensured robust legal representation for those charged with treason.
On the advocacy front, we issued press statements condemning human rights violations and worked with the Democracy Alliance platform to push for legislative action. Notably, we’ve collaborated with the Chairperson on Youth Development in the House of Representatives, who advocated for dropping the treason charges against protesters.
How has ActionAid contributed to sustaining the momentum of the movement towards its goals?
We conducted debrief sessions in key states after the protests to facilitate experience sharing, reflect on the gains, and reinforce feminist leadership principles like self-care and community care. We engaged professionals to provide medical and psychosocial support, particularly for those charged with treason, ensuring their mental health and motivation remained intact.
Inspired by AA India’s model of Honorarium support to activists, we’ve hired activists as expert consultants to existing projects so they did not have to choose between maintaining livelihood and staying committed to the cause. Regular personalised communication through social movement platforms have helped maintain the momentum and kept morale high.
ActionAid Nigeria has continued mobilising and supporting social movements to keep on track and continued the momentum in Nigeria and across the region. We organised the first Regional People Power Forum with participants from Ghana, Gambia, Sierra Leone and Liberia bringing regional collaboration and solidarity and commitment to work together towards shared vision.
AAN also continued giving support to activists still standing trial for treason by mobilising at every court trial day and inclusive media support.
YOUNG UGANDANS LEAD A BOLD ANTICORRUPTION
PROTEST, FACING CRACKDOWNS TO DEMAND TRANSPARENCY AND JUSTICE FROM THEIR LEADERS.
WHATS THE CONTEXT?
On July 23, 2024, young Ugandans led a bold anti-corruption protest, the #MarchToParliament, demanding transparency and justice from the country’s leaders. The protest was organized by anti-corruption activists, inspired by similar movements in neighboring Kenya, despite being initially banned by authorities due to cited risk of criminal activity.
The protest reflected people’s widespread frustration with systemic corruption and governance failures, including high profile cases of embezzlement and public funds misuse, under the president Museveni who has been in power since 1986. Young people, particularly from Generation Z, spearheaded the movement, many of which were trained and supported through ActionAid’s Global Platform.
THE NATURE & GOALS OF THE PROTEST:
The #MarchToParliament united numerous smaller movements from across Uganda that had been working on local issues for years, coming together in a moment of joint solidarity to protest the mismanagement of the country by the Ugandan government.
The march aimed to:
■ Demand Accountability: Urge the resignation of Speaker Anita Among amid corruption allegations.
■ Promote Transparency: Advocate for lifestyle audits of legislators to uncover illicit wealth.
■ Reduce Government Expenditure: Call for a reduction in parliamentary size to cut costs.
■ Empower Youth Participation: Mobilize young citizens to actively engage in governance reforms.
CRACKDOWN:
The government’s heavy-handed approach and use of excessive force to limit the scale of protests has been criticized by human rights activists who argue that it stifles freedom of expression and the right to peaceful assembly. The brutality of the crackdown, including the shooting of opposition leader Bobi Wine and the continued detention of many protesters, has created a climate of fear that discourages further participation. Tragically, a young protester supported by ActionAid succumbed to trauma, while others, including members of partner organizations like Vijana Corps, face ongoing intimidation and harassment.
Photo: Abubaker
■ Arrests: Security forces detained over 160 protesters, including key organizers, charging many with offenses like ”common nuisance”, a charge often used to suppress dissent.
■ Intimidation: Heavy deployment of police and military personnel created a tense atmosphere, deterring participation.
■ Suppression of Assembly: Authorities declared the demonstrations illegal, preventing peaceful gatherings.
OUTCOMES:
The youth’s involvement was transformative for several reasons, especially in bringing a diverse movement from across the country together:
■ Mobilization Power: Social media platforms were effectively used to organize and spread awareness, ensuring large turnouts.
■ Symbol of Change: Their participation marked a generational shift, with youth actively challenging systemic corruption.
■ Risk and Sacrifice: Despite arrests and harsh crackdowns, young protesters showcased their resilience and commitment to reform.
THE WORK OF ACTIONAID
How was ActionAid able to prepare for the protests? What role did it play in the lead-up?
Digital Exhibitions: Collaborating with social movements, ActionAid hosted online campaigns like #ParliamentExhibition, highlighting governance failures and corruption. These campaigns shared research and evidence, fueling public outrage.
Public Engagement: ActionAid worked with civil society organizations to publish a report on parliamentary corruption. The report launch, attended by government representatives, included discussions on addressing corruption and ensuring gender-responsive public services. The inspector general of Parliament was on the panel to respond on plans to address the findings. ActionAid appeared on radio and television stations to talk about the need for gender responsive public services and the urgency of addressing citizens’ demands. Following the report and exhibition, the President instructed the police to arrest five members of the Parliament.
How did ActionAid provide support and leadership during the protests?
When the government refused to authorize the protest, ActionAid provided critical support to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the movement. We directly engaged with the Chief of Defence Forces to advocate for the safety of protesters and mobilized resources, including 20 lawyers, to provide legal and logistical support. This included securing funds for bail through the Claim Your Space fund and petitioning the Uganda Law Society to organize an emergency meeting addressing the suppression of protest rights.
ActionAid established secure digital coordination groups using platforms like Signal and WhatsApp to facilitate safe communication among organizers. Medical resources, including dignity kits for women, were distributed to support protesters’ needs. The organization also enlisted the support of religious leaders, musicians, and cultural figures to publicly denounce corruption and amplify the movement’s message. Media guidelines were issued to ensure cohesive communication from ActionAid, even as the organization faced direct and indirect state surveillance, including phone tapping of its staff.
How has ActionAid responded to the crackdown on young activists?
Following the government’s repressive actions, ActionAid responded by offering immediate and long-term support to activists. Legal aid was mobilized to secure the release of 19 arrested protesters while also challenging charges against peaceful activists. Advocacy efforts included partnerships with other organizations to petition judiciary bodies and institutions like the Uganda Law Society. Influential figures, such as the Archbishop of Uganda, were engaged to publicly denounce corruption and lend their voices to the cause. To counter state-led smear campaigns, ActionAid actively debunked false narratives that sought to discredit the protesters such as being manipulated by foreign actors or LGBTQI community to instigate civil unrest in response to the anti-homosecuality act.
How has ActionAid contributed to sustaining the momentum of the movement towards its goals?
To maintain the momentum of the movement, ActionAid Uganda has focused on supporting activists and fostering resilience. Over 200 young activists have received psychosocial support to address trauma and rebuild their mental health. Legal and advocacy assistance ensures activists meet bail conditions and continue to have access to justice. Additionally, ActionAid is strengthening networks, organizing coordination groups, and creating safe spaces where youth can advocate for systemic change.
Photo: Abubaker Lubowa/Reuters
Photo:
AMIDST DROUGHT, ENERGY SHORTAGES, AND
RISING DISCONTENT, YOUNG ACTIVISTS IN ZAMBIA PEACEFULLY DEMAND CLIMATE
ACTION AND ACCOUNTABILITY, SPARKING GOVERNMENT DIALOGUE.
WHATS THE CONTEXT?
Zambia, like much of the region, is grappling with the effects of the El Niño phenomenon, which has caused severe shifts in rainfall patterns, drought, and reduced water levels. These environmental changes have led to energy shortages, food insecurity, and heightened poverty, disproportionately affecting women and youth. Compounding these issues are austerity measures, limited social spending, and increasing repression of civic space, which have fueled widespread frustration and discontent.
THE NATURE & GOALS OF THE PROTEST:
In response, young activists organized peaceful protests, including pickets at key government offices such as the ZESCO (Zambia’s state-owned power company) head office and the Ministry of Green Economies.
Their demands were clear:
■ Adherence to ZESCO’s power rationing schedule to ensure equitable access to electricity.
■ Immediate and long-term solutions to the energy crisis.
■ Urgent enactment of a comprehensive Climate Change Bill.
CRACKDOWN
Four organizers were arrested and detained for over 10 hours, and one protester was forced to remove her hijab during detention. Additionally the activists were at a later stage illegally detained by ZESCO staff and the activists are now running a case against ZESCO for abduction.
THE OUTCOMES
Despite this, the Fix ZESCO movement achieved a critical breakthrough when the government reassigned the minister of green economics to a different position because of the pressure of the activists and the new Ministers first action was to call for a town hall meeting with the spokespersons from Fix ZESCO to address citizen concerns about load-shedding. Additionally, the Minister pledged to reintroduce the Climate Change Bill in Parliament.
THE WORK OF ACTIONAID
How was ActionAid able to prepare for the protests? What role did it play in the lead-up?
Over the years, we have worked with various groups of young activists in Zambia, equipping them with skills in organizing, advocacy, and leadership. These efforts have built trust and credibility within the broader movement space, enabling us to respond swiftly and effectively when new initiatives emerged.
Although Fix ZESCO was a newly formed movement that brought together both former and new leaders, we were able to leverage the relationships and integrity we had cultivated within Zambia’s activist networks. When Fix ZESCO approached us for support, we acted quickly, recognizing the urgency of their cause and providing practical support to strengthen their advocacy efforts.
How did ActionAid provide support and leadership during the protests?
We offered tactical and strategic advice to activists, enabling them to navigate the repressive environment with resilience and clarity. This included guidance on how to engage stakeholders effectively and negotiate with power holders to ensure that their demands were heard and taken seriously. By equipping activists with skills in stakeholder engagement, we helped them strengthen their messaging and maintain a constructive dialogue with government representatives and other key decision-makers.
The Social Movements Inspirator provided logistical and strategic assistance, ensuring that activists were well-prepared and organized. ActionAid also facilitated transportation for protesters and engaged with authorities to prioritize their safety.
On a global scale, the Global Platform mobilized international social movements to express solidarity with the activists. By amplifying their demands and showcasing their cause on a global stage, we strengthened the movement’s visibility and impact, furthering the call for justice and accountability.
How has ActionAid responded to the crackdown on young activists?
Through ActionAid’s safehouse and access to swift resources and financial support through Claim Your Space rapid response mechanisms, we provided immediate protection and support to activists facing threats or repression. We ensured the release of the detained activists were released, and issued a solidarity statement, co-signed by partner civil society organizations, to condemn the government’s actions and highlight the importance of upholding human rights.
How has ActionAid contributed to sustaining the momentum of the movement towards its goals?
We are actively collaborating with youth groups and civil society organizations to keep the pressure on parliament to pass a progressive bill that addresses Zambia’s energy and environmental challenges comprehensively.
We are also empowering activists by facilitating training programs that equip them with essential skills in strategic advocacy, non-violent protest methods, and climate justice campaigning. These efforts aim to ensure activists are well-prepared to lead sustainable and impactful campaigns.
In addition, ActionAid is committed to amplifying stories of resistance and resilience from movements like Fix ZESCO. By sharing these narratives, we aim to inspire others and highlight the transformative power of collective action in challenging systemic issues.
Finally, we are maintaining dialogue with government representatives and closely monitoring the progress on commitments made during the protests. This ensures accountability and transparency in addressing citizens’ demands, keeping the movement’s goals in focus and driving meaningful change.
Photo: Thompson Kamuhuza Luzendi
SADC PROTESTS: ZIMBABWE’S YOUTH DEMAND JUSTICE
AND REFORM
ZIMBABWE
Photo:
AMID POLITICAL REPRESSION AND ECONOMIC TURMOIL, ZIMBABWEAN
YOUTH LEAD BOLD PROTESTS FOR DEMOCRACY, TRANSPARENCY,
AND HUMAN RIGHTS ON THE GLOBAL STAGE.
WHAT’S THE CONTEXT?
Zimbabwe’s youth have played a pivotal role in the country’s recent wave of protests, fueled by deep frustrations with political repression, economic instability, and systemic corruption. The socio-politi 24 includes rampant unemployment, soaring inflation, and authoritarian practices that have marginalized the younger generation.
THE NATURE & GOALS OF THE PROTEST:
The protests, gaining momentum in the first half of 2024, were driven by demands for political reform, greater transparency, and an end to human rights abuses. Youth-led movements, including student groups and grassroots organizations, utilized social media and digital platforms to organize rallies and amplify their calls for change.
Their goals included:
■ The resignation of corrupt political leaders.
■ An end to arbitrary detentions.
■ The release of political prisoners.
CRACKDOWN:
In August 2024, during Zimbabwe’s hosting of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) summit and President Emmerson Mnangagwa’s assumption of SADC leadership, the protests escalated. The government responded with an intensified crackdown on opposition groups and civil society, leading to arrests, police brutality, torture and repression of activists and young leaders who were central to the demonstrations.
OUTCOMES:
The brutality of the government response meant that the outcomes of the protest were not satisfactory. The government’s actions have drawn widespread condemnation from international human rights organisations and various governments calling for immediate release of detainees and for an end of government repression. Perhaps most importantly, the scale and intensity of repression on various groups united the Zimbabwean rather disjointed opposition across the country with youth showing resilience in their courageous demands for systemic change.
THE WORK OF ACTIONAID:
As ActionAid, how did you prepare for the protests and what role did you play in the lead-up?
Through the “Reclaiming Civic Space Through Digital Activism Project,” we at ActionAid Zimbabwe empowered young activists and strengthened civic participation by equipping them with the knowledge and tools to drive meaningful change. We organized training workshops that focused on legal frameworks for civic engagement, media literacy, and physical and digital security, preparing participants to confidently navigate challenges in an increasingly complex civic landscape.
To enhance the impact of civic actions, we worked closely with youth leaders to develop actionable strategies through strategic planning sessions. These sessions provided a platform for innovative brainstorming and empowered young leaders to organize and execute protests and civic initiatives with focus and precision.
As Zimbabwe prepared for the 2023 general elections, we expanded our efforts in partnership with AA Zambia, Global Platform Zimbabwe, and Project Vote 263.
Together, we trained and deployed over 300 election observers to uphold transparency and accountability during the electoral process. We also facilitated the voter registration of nearly 20,000 citizens, amplifying civic participation and ensuring a broader representation of voices. Furthermore, we mentored over 200 youth candidates, 91 of whom successfully secured office, marking a transformative moment for youth leadership and representation in Zimbabwe.
How did ActionAid provide support and leadership during the protests?
During the protests, ActionAid Zimbabwe activated the Rapid Response framework to provide immediate and effective assistance to activists. Over 60 arrested activists accessed ”Claim Your Space”, ensuring they received robust legal representation, and activists in distress were assisted to secure safe houses.
To ensure a coordinated and credible response to repression, we relied on our trusted networks to verify reports of abuse and coordinate urgent responses efficiently. In addition, we formalized partnerships with key institutions such as Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights and Zimbabwe Doctors for Human Rights. These collaborations allowed us to provide comprehensive support for activists who faced abduction, torture, or severe repression, demonstrating our commitment to safeguarding those on the frontlines of the fight for justice and accountability.
As ActionAid, how have you responded to the crackdown on young activists?
As ActionAid, we responded to the crackdown on young activists with determination, yet we also encountered challenges that highlighted gaps in our response mechanisms. While we provided crucial support to activists, such as legal assistance and safe housing, certain limitations in our institutional systems affected the speed and consistency of our efforts.
A significant challenge was the rigidity of our internal policies, which slowed decision-making processes during critical moments and hindered our ability to respond as swiftly as the situation demanded. Additionally, the absence of standardized frameworks for handling urgent cases resulted in inconsistencies in our approach, particularly when dealing with high-stakes scenarios. Our teams also faced moments of hesitation due to a lack of clear guidance, which created uncertainty when making critical decisions under pressure.
To address the challenges, we at ActionAid Zimbabwe are committed to strengthening our systems and
mechanisms to provide more effective and timely support by reforming our internal policies to enable quicker decision making, strengthening our Rapid Response mechanisms to ensure timely and effective support for activists through streamlined processes and resource allocation, and finally fostering stronger collaborations with allied organisations to build a comprehensive support system for activists.
How has ActionAid contributed to sustaining the momentum of the movement towards its goals?
ActionAid Zimbabwe is committed to sustaining the energy and activism generated by the protests by strengthening systems and fostering deeper connec-
tions with young activists and their networks. We aim to ensure that activists have access to the resources, training, and institutional support they need to advocate for long-term systemic change in Zimbabwe. This includes equipping them with the skills to effectively organize, campaign, and engage with decision-makers while navigating a repressive civic environment.
#REJECT FINANCE BILL 2024
KENYA
Photo:
Amaury Falt-Brown/AFP
YOUNG ACTIVISTS MOBILIZE MASS PROTESTS
REJECTING A CONTROVERSIAL FINANCE BILL AND SPARKING A NATIONWIDE MOVEMENT FOR ECONOMIC JUSTICE AND ACCOUNTABILITY.
WHAT’S THE CONTEXT?
Kenya’s youth, part of the burgeoning ”digital demographic,” with access to education and digital tools, are increasingly vocal about governance and demanding accountability and action on pressing socio-economic issues.
In recent years, Kenya’s mounting debts to entities like the World Bank, IMF, and Exim Bank of China have exacerbated economic pressures and driven up the cost of living, with taxes imposed on basic commodities, while Auditor General reports have repeatedly highlighted missing public funds at county and national levels.
When Parliament began debating the controversial Finance Bill 2024/25 threatening to increase taxes on essential goods, widespread public outcry ensued, prompting citizens to contact their MPs and demand its rejection. Despite this, most MPs approved of the bill which intensified public frustration. On June 25th, youth-led protests erupted nationwide, with demonstrators blocking streets and occupying Parlia-
ment buildings in Nairobi. Mobilization was primarily online, with hashtags like #RejectFinanceBill and #OccupyParliament dominating platforms like X (formerly Twitter). This movement marked the rise of the ”Gen Z Movement,” led by Kenya’s youngest generation of activists.
THE NATURE AND GOALS OF THE PROTESTS
The protests were not spontaneous but built on weeks of grassroots mobilization . On June 25th, the largest demonstrations to date took place, with youth occupying Parliament buildings. Beyond rejecting the Finance Bill, protesters demanded systemic reform, including:
■ Change of government for failing to protect citizens and stabilize the economy.
■ Reductions in borrowing and improved fiscal responsibility.
The protests showcased the youth’s resilience, creativity, and solidarity. Activists designed posters, printed t-shirts, and organized medical evacuations for injured protesters. Many walked long distances to join the protests, undeterred by police roadblocks. Volunteer medics set up emergency points to provide first aid.
CRACKDOWN:
Tragically, the protests were marked by brutal violence.
■ Over 50 youth were killed by police during and after the protests, scores were injured, and many faced abductions and torture including youth suspected of organising protests.
■ Armed goons and misinformation campaigns were deployed to destabilize the movement.
■ Several activists remain missing, and bodies of some protesters have been discovered in Nairobi and surrounding regions.
The army, called in to quell unrest, refused to use force and was often seen interacting positively with demonstrators, reflecting the widespread public support for the movement.
OUTCOMES OF THE PROTESTS
■ Formal rejection of the Finance Bill by the President which protected vulnerable groups, including women and farmers, from harmful taxes on imported sanitary products and agricultural inputs.
■ Cabinet Reshuffle: Several Cabinet Secretaries were dismissed.
■ The rejection led to a proposed meeting between the government, political parties, CSOs, youth, and religious representatives. However, youth activists, identifying as ”partyless, tribeless, and fearless,” boycotted this effort, citing distrust in political and religious institutions that had failed to support the protests.
Despite these wins, challenges remain as the political elites leveraged the protests to form a ”Broad-Based Government,” incorporating opposition figures and further entrenching existing power structures. The cost of living remains high, and political divisions have deepened along ethnic and party lines.
THE WORK OF ACTIONAID
As ActionAid, how were you able to prepare for the protests? What role did you play in the lead-up?
The magnitude of the protests, especially the one on 25th June, caught most of us by surprise so we cannot really say we were prepared for it. However, over 300 young people trained by ActionAid joined the protests, demonstrating the impact of our long-term efforts to build capacity and foster leadership within communities. These youth leaders were equipped with the skills and confidence needed to demand systemic change, amplifying the voices of their peers and communities.
How did ActionAid provide support and leadership during the protests?
In addition to mobilizing young leaders, we supported policy engagement by collaborating with Activista to analyze and challenge the Finance Bill before the parliamentary vote. This initiative ensured that the movement was not just reactive but also proactive in addressing structural issues, pushing for reforms that align with the needs of the people.
How has ActionAid responded to the crackdown on young activists?
In order to amplify the youth voices, we partnered with other civil society organizations and called on the government to uphold human rights and end the intimidation of activists.
Recognizing the emotional toll of the repression, we organized a three-day self-care retreat for Human Rights Defenders with sessions led by psychologists to support activists’ mental health and well-being. In addition, we connected detained activists with legal support, ensuring their cases were heard.
Photo: Amnesty Kenya
How can ActionAid sustain the momentum and energy?
We have been working with women, youth, and community networks to share power and strengthen their skills in areas like social accountability, organizing, and movement building. This collaboration helps them advocate locally and hold duty-bearers accountable. We also provide platforms for youth to voice their concerns and push for systemic change, while offering psychosocial and mental health support to prevent burnout.
The #RejectFinanceBill protests showcased the power of Kenya’s youth in challenging unjust systems, and ActionAid remains dedicated to supporting their efforts for a more equitable society.
Photo: Luis Tato/AFP
Photo: Niamul Rifat
Anadolu/Getty Images
IN JULY 2024, PROTESTS SWEPT BANGLADESH AS CITIZENS DEMANDED JUSTICE, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND A NEW CHAPTER IN GOVERNANCE.
WHAT’S THE CONTEXT?
Youth movements have driven a new wave of activism in Bangladesh, calling for systemic reforms to address long-standing injustices. Initially sparked by protests against discriminatory quotas in government jobs—seen as unfairly benefiting certain groups—university students and young professionals galvanized widespread support. Their frustration with limited opportunities and a lack of accountability ignited mid-2024 demonstrations demanding an overhaul of the quota system, which activists identified as symptomatic of deeper governance and political issues.
As the protests escalated, grievances expanded to include corruption, political opacity, and economic inequalities. The Anti-Discrimination Movement, a key driver of these events, gained momentum despite facing violent crackdowns and arrests. Tragically, nearly 100 protesters lost their lives during clashes with authorities, but the movement’s leaders remained resolute, vowing to continue their fight for justice and equality.
”We will take the country forward together.”
— Asif Mahmoud, Coordinator of the Anti-Discrimination Movement, later appointed Adviser to the Ministry of Youth and Sports in the interim government.
Digital platforms, such as Protirodh.net, played a pivotal role in mobilizing volunteers, disseminating information, and organizing demonstrations. These tools reflected the resourcefulness of Bangladesh’s tech-savvy youth, helping to sustain the momentum despite increasing government repression.
PROTEST OUTCOMES
On August 3rd, the Anti-Discrimination Movement escalated its efforts with a single-point demand: the resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. This was soon followed by the launch of the Non-Cooperation Movement, which outlined 15 key reforms to address systemic issues. Demonstrating their ability to transition from spontaneous protests to a structured political movement, the protesters achieved a major victory on August 5th when Prime Minister Hasina fled the country.
This political upheaval marked the beginning of a new era:
■ Interim Leadership: Nobel Peace Prize laureate Muhammad Yunus was appointed as the head of an interim government.
■ Elections Scheduled: Elections were announced to take place within 90 days, offering an opportunity for young leaders to shape a new political landscape.
■ Institutional Reform: The movement’s demands for anti-discrimination policies, accountability mechanisms, and transparent governance began to influence political discourse, signaling hope for long-term change.
THE WORK OF ACTIONAID BANGLADESH:
ActionAid Bangladesh (AAB) has been a steadfast ally in empowering youth-led movements for social change. Through a combination of training, mentorship, and advocacy, AAB has supported activists in driving meaningful and sustained reforms.
PREPARATION AND TRAINING
Over the years, AAB has equipped young activists with the tools and knowledge necessary for effective leadership:
■ Workshops and Training: Focused on non-violent protest strategies, digital security, legal frameworks, and advocacy.
■ Leadership Development: Guided youth organizations to become catalysts for change, emphasizing peaceful and inclusive demonstrations.
SUPPORT DURING PROTESTS
During the summer protests, AAB’s Activista network played a critical role in:
■ Maintaining Focus: Acting as mediators to keep protests aligned with their core demands.
■ Inclusivity and Unity: Encouraging collaboration
■ Risk Mitigation: Assisting activists in analyzing risks and building support networks for greater resilience.
among diverse groups to ensure representation and shared purpose.
Photo: Rajib Dhar/AP
Illustration: Debashish Chakrabarty
POST-PROTEST ENGAGEMENT
To sustain the momentum, AAB has initiated follow-up programs, including:
■ Leadership Development Programs: Supporting youth leaders to build on their successes and remain engaged in advocacy.
■ Storytelling Campaigns: Amplifying activist voices to inspire continued participation and highlight the movement’s achievements.
■ Advocacy Workshops: Training activists to maintain pressure on decision-makers and drive reforms forward.
■ Collaborative Platforms: Creating spaces for ongoing dialogue and cooperation among youth groups to foster a cohesive movement.
Despite its successes, AAB recognizes the challenges that remain:
■ Anticipating Crackdowns: A lack of effective early warning systems has hindered the ability to preempt government repression.
■ Sustaining Engagement: Keeping momentum alive amidst political transitions and potential co-optation by established power structures.
To address these issues, AAB is developing integrated strategies to better anticipate risks, support activists under duress, and ensure the long-term impact of the protests.
AAB has initiated follow-up activities such as leadership development programs, storytelling campaigns, and advocacy workshops to keep attention on key issues. Additionally, platforms for ongoing dialogue and collaboration among activists have been created, ensuring the sustained articulation of their voices and the growth of the movement into a continuous campaign for social change. By staying visible and providing resources for ongoing activism, we aim to ensure that the energy generated by the protests is channeled into long-term impact.
The 2024 protests in Bangladesh have demonstrated the transformative power of youth-led movements. By demanding justice and systemic change, young activists have reshaped the nation’s political landscape, offering a vision of governance rooted in accountability, transparency, and equality.
AAB remains committed to supporting this movement, ensuring the energy generated by these historic protests translates into lasting social and political transformation. Through sustained collaboration and investment in youth leadership, AAB will continue to stand alongside those fighting for a just and equitable future.
“That is a message for everyone, every person who is fighting against oppression, he/she must believe
that the power of oppression can be overcome, if you can overcome the fear. So fight the fear and the oppression you are fighting against is going to give up one day or the other.”
— Asif Mahmoud, Coordinator of the Anti-Discrimination Movement, later appointed Adviser to the Ministry of Youth and Sports in the interim government.
A RELENTLESS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT
CONTINUES TO CHALLENGE MILITARY RULE, LED BY THE COURAGE AND RESILIENCE OF MYANMAR’S PRO-DEMOCRACY ACTIVISTS.
WHAT’S THE CONTEXT?
What’s the context? The 2024 youth-led resistance in Myanmar continued a relentless resistance against military rule, building on the momentum of unrest that began after the February 2021 coup. This coup abruptly ended nearly a decade of semi-democratic governance, sparking outrage and mobilizing youth and women to advocate for democracy, civil liberties, and gender equality.
Since 2021, Myanmar has faced severe socio-political challenges. The Organization Registration Law (ORL) has curtailed the autonomy of civil society organizations (CSOs), while the latest conscription law has forced many young people to flee or go into hiding, deepening their vulnerabilities. These restrictions have stifled the work of many NGOs and CSOs, pushing their operations underground or forcing them to adapt to increasingly repressive conditions.
As of 2024, Myanmar’s humanitarian crisis has worsened, with escalating armed conflict, mass displacement, and widespread food insecurity affecting millions. An estimated 18.6 million out of 56.6 million people are in need of humanitarian aid in Myanmar and food insecurity is on the rise with 13.3 million people estimated to be in phase 3 or 4 insecurity. Youth and women have emerged as the faces of resistance, using protests, the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM), digital activism,
and grassroots organizing to challenge the regime. Women-led movements, in particular, have broken traditional gender norms, intertwining political and gender struggles in the fight for freedom.
THE WORK OF ACTIONAID:
In the current challenging context, ActionAid Myanmar (AAM) continues to engage with youth by building flexible partnerships and providing various forms of support to strengthen their resilience. Through these efforts, youth are better prepared to sustain their activism, navigate risks, and contribute to the broader struggle for democracy and social justice.
Photo:
GEORGIA 2024: YOUTH RISE FOR EU AND RIGHTS
GEORGIA
Photo:
GEORGIAN YOUTH LEAD POWERFUL PROTESTS, CHAMPIONING EU INTEGRATION AND THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS.
WHAT’S THE CONTEXT?
Situated at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, Georgia has since independence taken steps towards European integration despite grappling with Russian occupation and government corruption.Rising dissatisfaction with the ruling Georgian Dream party in early 2024 was fueled by allegations of democratic backsliding and legislative proposals that threatened media freedom and civil liberties.
Protests gained momentum in the lead-up to the summer as controversial legislative reforms ignited widespread outrage. Later in the year, contested national elections marred by accusations of fraud and political suppression brought citizens back to the streets. Georgian youth, already emboldened by earlier activism, emerged as a driving force behind the movement, calling for government accountability, fair governance, and a definitive pro-European trajectory.
NATURE AND GOALS OF THE PROTESTS
The 2024 protests aimed to address Georgia’s systemic governance challenges and assert democratic principles. Key objectives included:
■ Rejection of Restrictive Laws: Protesters opposed legislation curbing media freedom and civil liberties.
■ Transparent Elections: They demanded an investigation into alleged electoral fraud and annulment of disputed election results.
■ Commitment to European Integration: Protesters called for a decisive pro-European stance from the government.
Demonstrations were centered on Tbilisi’s iconic Rustaveli Avenue and featured creative expressions of dissent, including art installations and musical performances. Activists organized legal aid for detainees, provided medical support for the injured, and sustained morale through grassroots solidarity networks. Social media played a pivotal role in mobilizing protesters and garnering international solidarity.
CRACKDOWN:
The protests came at a considerable cost:
■ Police Violence: Security forces used tear gas, rubber bullets, and water cannons to disperse crowds, causing numerous injuries and hospitalizations.
■ Arrests and Harassment: Over 200 protesters, including youth leaders, were detained amid reports of mistreatment and intimidation.
■ Disinformation Campaigns: Pro-government media launched propaganda efforts to discredit the movement, branding protesters as foreign agents.
OUTCOMES OF THE PROTESTS
The ruling Georgian Dream party retained power, and systemic challenges remain unresolved. For many activists, the gains are insufficient to address Georgia’s broader democratic deficits.
The protests achieved significant, albeit mixed, results:
■ Election Oversight: International observers, including the EU and OSCE, issued statements urging investigations into electoral irregularities, though no substantial action followed.
■ Youth Empowerment: The movement galvanized a new generation of youth activists and leaders dedicated to political reform and democratic principles.
THE WORK OF ACTIONAID:
As ActionAid, how did you prepare for the protests and what role did you play in the lead-up?
Having worked with Georgian movements for only a couple of years, we lack the contextual knowledge, experience and integrity we have built in many of the other countries where we are supporting social movements. This meant we focused on sustaining and growing the physical activist spaces through the Global Platforms network and supporting the movement with trainings, knowledge, and tools to analyse and plan for the changing circumstances.
How has ActionAid provided support and leadership during the protests?
Our role was to provide regular check-ins, letting the movements know what support resources we have available and drawing international support. The laws in Georgia have made more direct support challenging, so finding legal ways to offer practical solidarity has also been a large task for us.
As ActionAid, how have you responded to the crackdown on young activists?
Working with the different global rapid response organisations to ensure coverage of as many countries as possible, outreach to European CSO’s and enhancing the voice of the movements in internarnational fora and through coverage in traditional and social media have been the main role during the crackdowns. We have also helped with security planning, safety check-ins and advice for some of the more exposed movement leaders.
How has ActionAid contributed to sustaining the momentum of the movement towards its goals?
Our main internal objective has been to be a reliable support partner to build a strong and trusting relationship with the movements we have been working with, so that they know they can always reach out to us and not just while the world’s eyes are on them. We continue to engage with activists and civil society to connect and lend support.
ABOUT THE GLOBAL SOCIAL MOVEMENT CENTRE (MOVE)
For decades, the ActionAid federation has been collaborating with movements directly involved in social change struggles, based on a shared vision of secularism, democracy, feminism, and economic and social justice. The Global Social Movement Center (MOVE) was set up in 2022 to deepen and expand this work. Today, MOVE consists of 5 regional hubs located in West Africa, East Africa, Asia Pacific, Europe, and Latin America.
MOVE provides an ecosystem for Human Rights Defenders and their movements to be supported in all aspects of their work through the different phases of their struggles. Currently, it entails an integrated set of capacity strengthening activities for activists in social movements, core movement support functions to social movements, including funding and action research on relevant movements trends. MOVE also focuses on building an ecosystem of actors that can and should support movements, including international convenings, and developing resources for civil society organizations, decision makers and donor community to be better and more relevant allies.
MOVE is a collaboration between ActionAid Nigeria, MS TCDC, Tanzania, ActionAid Denmark and ActionAid Association, India.
WHAT DO WE DO?
Connecting people, movements and causes through physical events such as the bi-annual Global People Power Forum, global convenings and safe online spaces to share skills, strategies, and experiences on how to make change most effectively.
Flexible and strategic funding for 1) small scale actions when opportunities arise or when context demands it (Rapid Response fund for activists in danger) and 2) for building internal structures, recruitment and retention plans, and finetune the long-term strategies of the movement.
Action-research with practitioners and movement minded scholars and institutions, for example on how to measure and resist nuanced ways of repression or how to mobilize and support diaspora communities.
Curating and sharing lessons and insights and engaging people through stories that inspire via blogs, webinars, and short publications
Organising and leadership development through capacity programs and mentorship on how to build sustainable movements and employ campaign tactics
including crafting messaging strategies, planning protests, and engaging power holders in dialogue.
Advocacy and solidarity actions to support social movements by adding more attention, legitimacy, and international pressure for their cause and to condemn crackdowns they may face.
HOW WE DO IT?
CONVENINGS & KNOWLEDGE
ACTIVIST WRITER BLOG SERIES: ‘Flash research’ by activists from across the world exploring questions, ideas and learnings central to movements beyond particular contexts. In collaboration with International Center on Nonviolent Conflict.
TROUBLEMAKERS PODCAST: Listen to Troublemakers from around the globe as they showcase stories of creative resistance and examine the tactics, principles, and theories that fuel nonviolent activism.
GLOBAL WEBINARS: Check out upcoming online events bringing people together for critical conversations and collaborative thinking on thematic issues and current events.
MOVE PUBLICATIONS: Collection of guides, tools, thinking and other written endeavors with movements and partners.
TRAINING & MENTORING
Our Global Organising and Leadership Development (GOLD) programme offers a multi-stage learning process designed to fit your busy schedule. Everyone is welcome to take the online courses at any time - at no cost!
These mini courses explore the foundations of organising, distributed leadership, social movements, forms of power and the concept of the Movement Cycle. Upon completing each course, you will be able to download a certificate. Try out GOLD today!
DIRECT SUPPORT
ACTION SUPPORT: For movements that would benefit from doing actions and events to gain experience as a strong foundation to build a sustainable movement.
GET UP, RISE UP DIRECT ACTION FUND: A fund with Beautiful Trouble to support activists globally to shift power through nonviolent direct actions.
