8th Chemistry - The Periodic Table

St. George's College

Subject: 8th CHEMISTRY

Teacher's notes

Objectives

Class:

Vocabulary

The Periodic Table

Date: June 15th

Link and Learn

Prepared by

2009 1

7th Beethoven ‐ The Periodic Table Name

Oral Intervention

Coin

Chocolate

Ariana Gabriel Andrea Abraham Giacomo Fabiana Sinead Liliam Francesca Rodrigo Andres Stefano Jean Pierre Diego Rodrigo Luis Andrea Sebastián Ivanna Camila Carlos Aarón Paola Enrique Alessandra Irma Sophia Naomi Kiara Christopher

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7th Mozart‐ The Periodic Table Name

Oral Intervention

Coin

Chocolate

Nicole Luis Luciana Antonella Valeria Ch. Valeria C. Analucía Camila Franco Ramiro Sara Alicia José Luis Sergio Roberto Giancarlo Fiorella Gabriela Steffano Javier

Roberto R. Diego Luis Fernando Sebastián Julio Sherley César Vilma Alessandra V.

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Let's remember previous learned concepts...

Wanna Play?

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Dmitri Mendeleev • In 1869, Russian scientist Dmitri Mendeleev solved the problem. He also tried putting the element in order of their atomic mass. He made a table of elements.

• New rows were started so that elements which were alike could line up together in columns. He wanted a table of regular periodic patterns.

• When the pattern began to go wrong, he left gaps in the table, arguing that those gaps were for elements not discovered yet. He even changed the order when similar elements didn't line up.

• Because Mendeleev was using atomic masses, there were still discrepancies in the table.

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New knowledge beginning.....

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The Periodic Table • The Periodic Table is a classification system designed to organize elements to describe a periodic pattern.

• In other words, to organize them by similar properties.

• The current periodic table, different from the one Mendeleev proposed, is based on the Atomic Number of the elements, and not on the Atomic Mass.

• The basic parts of the periodic table are:

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Elements in the Table • The elements in the periodic table are positioned in increasing order of their Atomic Number (Z), and NOT based on their Atomic Mass (A).

• This is known as The Periodic Law. • In order to understand the periodic table, we must remember that electrons are located in levels of energy, and in probabilistic regions called orbitals.

• The orbitals are: s : holding a maximum of 2 electrons. p : holding a maximum of 6 electrons. d : holding a maximum of 10 electrons. f : holding a maximum of 14 electrons.

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"p" block "s" block

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Blocks in the Periodic Table Block "s": formed by elements from groups I (alkali metals) and II (alkaline earth metals), which are light metals with a configuration in the last electron shell of: ns1 or ns2.

Block "p": formed by the representative metals and no metals, it contains elements from groups 13 to 18.

Block "d": formed by elements from groups 3 to 12, these elements are called Transition Elements. their main characteristic is having the "d" orbital full.

Block "f": formed by the elements placed "outside" the periodic table.

They are called Lanthanoids and Actinoids. Their main characteristic is having the "f" orbital full.

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PERIODIC TABLE IA 1 1s

Transition Elements

IIA

2 2s

IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA VIIIA

2p

VIIIB

3 3s

IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB

4 4s

3d

4p

5 5s

4d

5p

6 6s

5d

6p

7 7s

6d

IB IIB 3p

Internal Transition Elements

4f 5f

Block "s"

Block "p"

Block "d"

Block "f"

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Reading the Periodic Table Each element is identified by a chemical symbol • Each square on the periodic table includes an element’s name, chemical symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass.

• The names of the elements come from very different sources.

• Some element names vary by country, but the chemical symbols are the same worldwide.

• For most elements, the chemical symbol has one or two letters, the first letter is always capitalized, the other(s) letter(s) are lowercase.

• The newest elelments have temporary three‐letter symbols.

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Rows are called Periods • Each horizontal row of elements (from left to right) on the periodic table is called a Period.

• The physical and chemical properties of elements in a row follow a repeating, or periodic, pattern as you move across the period • Properties like conductivity and reactivity change (increase) gradually from left to right in each period.

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Columns are called Groups • Each vertical column of elements (from top to bottom) on the periodic table is called a Group.

• Elements in the same group often have similar chemical and physical properties .

• For this reason, a group is also called a family.

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Periodic Properties of the Elements • The Periodic Properties of the elements, are the ones that form a pattern thanks to the distribution of elements in the periodic table according to their increasing order of atomic number.

• These are the periodic properties you have to investigate about:

IONIZATION ENERGY ATOMIC RADII

ELECTRON AFFINITY ELECTRONEGATIVITY 21

An atom has as many ionization energies as it has electrons.

Electrons are always removed from the highest‐energy occupied orbital.

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• Atomic Radius is usually measured in Angstroms (10‐10 m), or nanometers (10‐9 m), or picometers (10‐12 m).

• Atomic Radii increase downwards on a groups and decreases towards the right of a period.

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INVESTIGATION • Follow the instructions of the Webquest. Present your work on Friday, June 19th.

Click Here

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Resources Used Slide (Group)

Description

Resource

Origin

G1 ‐ 2

Image

Beethoven

http://bit.ly/Q7ggk

G1 ‐ 3

Image

Mozart

http://bit.ly/18LkW6

G1 ‐ 4 Animation

Idea

Notebook Gallery

G1 ‐ 6

Image

Mendeleev Cartoon Unknown

G1 ‐ 7

Images

Mendeleev Mendeleev's Table

http://bit.ly/Pkbmw http://bit.ly/rSgUf

G1 ‐ 10 Image

Periodic Table

http://bit.ly/pNl2B

G1 ‐ 16 Image

Elements

Unknown

G1 ‐ 18 Image

Periods

Unknown

G1 ‐ 20 Image

Groups

Unknown

G1 ‐ 22 Images

Ionization Energy 1 http://bit.ly/5nQmt Ionization Energy 2 http://bit.ly/5nQmt

G1 ‐ 23 Images

Atomic Radius Atomic Radii

http://bit.ly/8n5ZH http://bit.ly/fBfn6

G1 ‐ 24 Image

Electron Affinities

http://bit.ly/5nQmt

G1 ‐ 25 Image

Electronegativities

http://bit.ly/16SHAs

G1 ‐ 26 Image

Periodic Properties http://bit.ly/DUNBr

G1 ‐ 27 Image

Molecular Model

http://bit.ly/12I6HU

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Teacher's Notes This class has been designed to cover the topics of The Periodic Table from Monday June 15th till Friday June 19th.

For further knowledge about this topic: 1. Conduct a thorough search under the topic: The Periodic Table on the Web, books and magazines.

2. If findings are not specific, ask your teacher for suggestions.

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Objectives • Identify and understand the principle behind the classification of chemical elements in the periodic table.

• Understand and characterize the parts and properties of the periodic table.

• Identify and describe the periodic properties of the chemical elements.

Note: All, or most, of the objectives will be covered during class time, however the student must be responsible for those objectives not covered or concluded.

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Vocabulary • • • • • • • •

Element: Atomic Number: Atomic Mass: Group: Period: Ionization Energy: Electron Affinity: Electronegativity:

Note: Most of the vocabulary words will be covered during class time, however the student must be responsible for those words not covered or concluded.

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Link and Learn You can visit the following websites to improve your understanding on the present topic: • • • • •

http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/atoms/atpt‐6.html#SIZE http://www.dayah.com/periodic/ http://science‐learning2009.wikispaces.com http://learningandscience.blogspot.com http://libraryatstgeorge.blogspot.com

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Prepared by

Gerardo LAZARO Science Lead Teacher Email: glazaro@sanjorge.edu.pe Wiki: http://science‐learning.wikispaces.com Blog: http://learningandscience.blogspot.com Twitter: http://twitter.com/glazaro

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