7th Chamistry - Particulate Nature of Matter

St. George's College

Subject: 7th CHEMISTRY

Class: Particulate Nature of Matter

Teacher's notes

Objectives

Vocabulary Link and Learn

Date: March 17th

Prepared by

2009 1

7th Beethoven ‐ Branches of Chemistry Name

Oral Intervention

Coin

Chocolate

Ariana Gabriel Andrea Abraham Giacomo Fabiana Sinead Liliam Francesca Rodrigo Andres Stefano Jean Pierre Diego Rodrigo Luis Andrea Sebastián Ivanna Camila Carlos Aarón Paola Enrique Alessandra Irma Sophia Naomi Kiara Christopher

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7th Mozart‐ Branches of Chemistry Name

Oral Intervention

Coin

Chocolate

Nicole Luis Luciana Antonella Valeria Ch. Valeria C. Analucía Camila Franco Ramiro Sara Alicia José Luis Sergio Roberto Giancarlo Fiorella Gabriela Steffano Javier

Roberto R. Diego Luis Fernando Sebastián Julio Sherley César Vilma Alessandra V.

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What is Matter?

Matter is everything around us, that has mass and occupies space.

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ATOMIC THEORIES John Dalton (1808): He had no knowledge about protons, electrons, neutrons, but he realized that differences in substances' atoms made their properties different. He proposed his atomic theory under these terms: • All matter is made up of tiny particles called Atoms.

• All atoms of a given element are alike, but are different from the atoms of any different atom.

• Compound are formed when atoms of different elements combine in fixed proportions.

• A chemical reaction involves rearrangement of atoms, not a change in the atoms themselves.

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These wooden balls were used to represent the first atomic model by John Dalton.

Science Museum, England.

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J. J. Thomson • While investigating electricity, he identified an electrically‐ charged particle that he called an electron.

• A tiny particle, much smaller than the atom, and it had a negative electric charge.

• But if atoms are not charged, how come there is a subatomic particle with a negative charge?

• He answered saying that electrons were embedded in a sphere of positive charges like "raisins in a plum pudding".

• The pudding would represent the positive charges, and the raisins the electrons, making the atom electrically neutral.

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Ernest Rutherford • He tested the plum‐pudding model by shooting positively‐charged particles at a gold foil as bullets.

• He observed that most of them passed through, but a few bounced back.

• He concluded that the plum‐pudding model was wrong, suggesting in 1911 that the atom was mostly empty space, hence the particles passing through.

• Those that bounced back were repelled by a strong positive charge concentrated in a small part of the atom.

• Rutherford suggested that electrons should revolve around a positively‐charged nucleus.

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Niels Bohr • He suggested in 1913 that electrons orbit at different distances from the nucleus, when the electron changes orbit it gives off energy.

• Today, electrons are shown in a "cloud" around the nucleus, called probabilistic region.

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Which of these statements is correct?

1.

Atoms are made up of electrons, neutrons and protons.

2. Atoms do not contain electrons but they do contain protons and neutrons.

3. Atoms never contain neutrons Click here for the answer

13

Which of these statements is correct?

1.

Electrons are positively charged

2. Neutrons do not weigh anything

3. Protons are found inside the nucleus Click here for the answer

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Label the diagram of the atom Click here for the answer

{

Protons

Electrons

Nucleus

Neutrons 15

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Resources Used Slide (Group)

Resource

Description

Origin

G1 ‐ 2

Image

Beethoven

http://bit.ly/Q7ggk

G1 ‐ 3

Image

Mozart

http://bit.ly/18LkW6

G1 ‐ 4 Images

Black Hole Sand falling Eye of hurricane

http://bit.ly/aFjIf http://bit.ly/KPlLQ http://bit.ly/JrxKK

G1 ‐ 6

Wooden Balls Elements

http://bit.ly/JCInm http://bit.ly/PvvMp

Images

G1 ‐ 8 Images

JJ Thomson http://bit.ly/Qpn0G Cathode Ray Tube http://bit.ly/aTsuR Raisins in a Pudding http://bit.ly/yuNB

G1 ‐ 10 Animation

Rutherford's Model http://bit.ly/11YT09

G1 ‐ 11 Animation

Bohr's Model

http://bit.ly/13Q7PT

G1 ‐ 12 Animation

Plasma

Unknown

Chemistry

http://bit.ly/18R0M

Atom of Helium

http://bit.ly/JtON

Chemistry

http://bit.ly/18R0M

G1 ‐ 13,14,15,16

Activities

G1 ‐ 17 Animation G2 ‐ 7,8,9 Activities

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Teacher's Notes This class has been designed to cover the topics of Particulate Nature of Matter from Monday March 16th till Friday March 20th.

For further knowledge about this topic: 1. Conduct a thorough search under the topic: Particulate Nature of Matter on the Web, books and magazines.

2. If findings are not specific, ask your teacher for suggestions.

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Objectives • Describe and analyze the nature and components of Matter.

• Identify and describe the experiments that lead to the different models of atomic theory.

Note: All, or most, of the objectives will be covered during class time, however the student must be responsible for those objectives not covered or concluded.

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Vocabulary • • • • • • •

Matter: Atom: Nucleus: Electronic Cloud: Proton: Neutron: Electron:

Note: Most of the vocabulary words will be covered during class time, however the student must be responsible for those words not covered or concluded.

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Link and Learn You can visit the following websites to improve your understanding on the present topic: • • • • • •

http://bit.ly/PvvMp http://bit.ly/KCmja www.sanjorge.edu.pe http://science‐learning2009.wikispaces.com http://learningandscience.blogspot.com http://libraryatstgeorge.blogspot.com

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Prepared by

Gerardo LAZARO Science Lead Teacher Email: glazaro@sanjorge.edu.pe Wiki: http://science‐learning.wikispaces.com Blog: http://learningandscience.blogspot.com Twitter: http://twitter.com/glazaro

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The structure of an atom

Nucleus

Electrons

{

Neutrons

Protons Click here to go back

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The correct statement is ...

1.

Electrons are positively charged

2. Neutrons do not weigh anything

3. Protons are found inside the nucleus Click here to go back

25

The correct statement is ...

1. Atoms are made up of electrons, neutrons and protons.

2. Atoms do not contain electrons but they do contain protons and neutrons.

3. Atoms never contain neutrons Click here to go back

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Attachments

7th Chemistry ­ Reading 1 ­ Branches of Chemistry ­ Supergoo to the Rescue.docx 7th Chemistry ­ Reading 1 ­ Branches of Chemistry ­ Graphene's Superstrength.docx 7th Chemistry ­ Reading 1 ­ Branches of Chemistry ­ Meteorites may have sparked life on earth.docx 7th Chemistry ­ Reading 1 ­ Branches of Chemistry ­ Plastic munching microbes.docx