7th Biology - Ecology

St. George's College

Subject: 7th BIOLOGY Teacher's notes

Class: Ecology

Objectives

Vocabulary

Date:

Link and Learn

September 14th

2009

In‐Class Survey

Prepared by

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7th Beethoven ‐ Ecology Name

Name

Reward

Ariana

Luis

Gabriel

Andrea

Andrea

Sebastián

Abraham

Ivanna

Giacomo

Camila

Fabiana

Carlos

Sinead

Aarón

Liliam

Paola

Francesca

Enrique

Rodrigo C.

Alessandra

Andres

Irma

Stefano

Sophia

Jean Pierre

Naomi

Diego

Kiara

Rodrigo H.

Christopher

Reward

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7th Mozart ‐ Ecology Name

Reward

Name

Nicole

Roberto M.

Luis

Giancarlo

Luciana

Fiorella

Antonella

Gabriela

Valeria Ch.

Steffano

Valeria C.

Javier

Sylvana

Roberto R.

Analucía

Diego

Camila

Luis Fernando

Franco

Sebastián

Ramiro

Julio

Sara

Sherley

Alicia

César

José Luis

Vilma

Sergio

Alessandra V.

Reward

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Let's remember previous learned concepts...

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Ecosystems • An area where organisms interact with one another as well as with nonliving the nonliving parts of the ecosystem.

• Whatever its size, the ecosystem has both biotic and abiotic parts.

• Biotic parts are the living parts of an ecosystem (from tiny bacteria to the tallest trees).

• Abiotic parts are the nonliving (climate, water, soil, nutrients, light, and air).

• The biotic parts of an ecosystem help shape the environment, and also interact with one another.

• The abiotic parts help determine what lives in it, because most of the organisms can live only within a certain range of temperature and moisture levels, and because........

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A diverse place to Live • Around any ecosystem you can see different types of plants and animals.

• Population, is a group of organisms of the same species living together in an ecosystem.

• Community, all the populations living in an ecosystem.

• Habitat, part of the ecosystem where an organism lives.

• Niche, is an organism's role in an ecosystem.

• Diversity, refers to the variety of species in an ecosystem.

Let's go back to the previous slide and categorize each organism.

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New knowledge beginning.......

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Getting Energy • Everything that you do requires energy. Where does it come from?

• The Sun is the source of energy in almost all ecosystems and, therefore, is the first step in the most food chains.

• The process of getting energy from the Sun starts with the producers, or organisms that make their own food, by a process called photosynthesis.

• The organism that eats the producers are called consumers, which can be primary, secondary, tertiary, etc, depending who their consuming to.

• A food chain is a sequence of connected producers and consumers.

• A food web is a group of connected food chains in an ecosystem.

Question: Can you name all the types of autrophic organisms?

Question: Do all producers get their energy from the Sun? Are you sure?

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Organisms Interacting • Symbiosis, is a close relationship between organisms of different species in which one or both of the organisms benefit.

There are three types of symbiosis: • Parasite, is an organism that lives in or on another organism (Host).

• Mutualism, in this relationship both organisms benefit.

• Commensalism, one organism benefits and the other organism is neither helped nor harmed.

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Limiting Factors • Competition, is the struggle among organisms for milimited resources in an area. Every ecosystem has limited resources, so all species must compete to stay alive.

• There are several types of competition in an ecosystem.

• When organisms use the same resources, they usually have different niches.

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Biomes • A Biome is a region of the world defined by its climate and by the types of plants and animals that live there.

There are wet and dry biomes.

• The most important factor that determines the locations of biomes is the climate (yearly patterns of temperature and precipitation).

• A biome´s climate is affected by its latitude. Closer to the poles, climates are colder and drier.

• Altitude also helps determine a biome's climate, temperature drops as altitude increases.

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Forest Biomes • All forests have some things in common, they form in areas with enough rainfall and warmth for trees to grow.

However, the types of trees znd other plants in forests differ, depending on climate and landforms.

• Tropical Rain Forest, grow where temperatures are always warm and there is a lot of rainfall often more than 254 cm (100 in) each year.

• Decidious Forest, have trees with thin, broad leaves.

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Deciduous Forest

Tropical Rain Forest Conifer Forest

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Desert and Tundra Biomes • Deserts are very dry places with a very low level of yearly precipitation, less than 26 cm (10 in).

• The Tundra is a treeless region next to the polar ice caps and high on some mountains.

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Grassland Biomes • Grasslands are biomes in which the main plants are grasses. Rainfall varies, but in general, grasslands do not receive enough precipitation for many trees to grow.

• There are two types of grasslands, temperate and tropical.

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Natural Resources • A natural resource is a material that is found in nature that is essential or useful to people.

• The United States uses about 3500 kg of oil per person per year.

• How much of each resource does your community need?

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Resources from the Environment • Many natural resources come from Earth. They grow in soil, they are dug or pumped from the ground.

• Crude oil is found, usually with natural gas, in pockets in the rock layers beneath Earth's surface.

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Managing Resources • Conservation, is the careful use of resources so that they will last as long as possible.

• Recycle, is to process used products into new products by using the materials again. Recycling saves resources and energy.

• Reduce, using less of a resource helps conserve it, but avoiding wasting the resource helps a lot too.

• Reuse, or using items after their original use is another way to conserve resources.

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Nitrogen Cycle

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Phosphorus Cycle

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Carbon Cycle

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Water Cycle

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http://bit.ly/46Dar7

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Natural Cycles • One of the most important cycles is the Water Cycle, in which the Sun's enegry evaporates water from the Earth's surface and form clouds, then gravity causes precipitation to fall to Earth, and then the cycle starts again.

• The other cycles are the carbon‐oxygen cycle and the nitrogen cycle.

• Ecosystems go through cycles called succession.

• Succession is the gradual long‐term change of species in an ecosystem. There are two types of succession: primary and secondary.

• Primary succession occurs when plants first take root in an area that has no plants.

• Secondary succession is more common, it takes place when most, but not all, vegetation in an area has been removed.

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How Humans affect Cycles • Many human activities can change Earth's chemical cycles.

• Power plants and motor vehicles burn a lot of fuel very quickly, this causes CO2 to enter the air at high rates.

• Human activities can change the nitrogen cycle, which is a main ingredient in soil fertilizer.

• Nitrogen compounds increase the growth of algae in the water.

When algae die, decomposers move in to feed from them, removing oxygen from the water.

• This upsets water ecosystems by killing fish and other living things that need oxygen.

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How Evolution Happens YouTube Video http://tinyurl.com/nptfhe

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SURVEY If you want to contribute in improving your Biology class, click in the survey link:

Term III ‐ 7th Beethoven ‐ Biology ‐ Class 1

Term III ‐ 7th Mozart ‐ Biology ‐ Class 1

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K-W-L Chart What I KNOW about this topic

What I WANT to know about this topic

What I LERANED about this topic

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Teacher's Notes This class has been designed to cover the topics of Ecology from Monday, September 14th till Friday, September 18th.

For further knowledge about this topic: 1. Conduct a thorough search under the topic: Ecology on the Web, books and magazines.

2. If findings are not specific, ask your teacher for suggestions.

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Objectives • Identify, describe and understand the composition and changes suffered by our planet’s biosphere along the last 5 centuries.

• Interpret the effects of biotic and abiotic factors over ecosystems, habitats and living organisms.

• Identify and evaluate the factors participating in ecosystems.

Note: All, or most, of the objectives will be covered during class time, however the student must be responsible for those objectives not covered or concluded.

BACK

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Vocabulary • • • • • •

Ecology: Biotic factor: Abiotic factor: Niche: Habitat: Ecosystem:

Note: Most of the vocabulary words will be covered during class time, however the student must be responsible for those words not covered or concluded.

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Glossary Ecosystem: An area where living things interact with one another and with nonliving things.

Population: A group of organisms of the same species living together in an ecosystem.

Community: All the populations living in an ecosystem.

Habitat: The part of of an ecosystem in which an organism lives.

Niche: An organism's role in an ecosystem.

Diversity: The variety of species in an ecosystem.

Producer: An organisms that makes its own food.

Consumer: An organism that eats other organisms.

Food chain: A sequence of connected producers and consumers.

Food web: A group of connected food chains in an ecosystem.

Energy pyramid: A diagram that shows that energy is lost at each level in a food chain.

Competition: The struggle among organisms for limited resources in an area.

Symbiosis: A close relationship between organisms of different species in which one or both of the organisms benefit.

Parasite: An organism that benefits from its relationship with an organism that it lives in or on while the host is harmed.

Host: The organism that a parasite lives in or on.

Biome: A region of the world defined by its climate and by the types of plants and animals that live there.

Latitude: the angular distance north or south from the equator of a point on the earth's surface, measured on the meridian of the point.

Note: Most of the vocabulary words will be covered in class, however the student must be responsible for those words not covered or concluded.

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Link and Learn You can visit the following websites to improve your understanding on the present topic: • http://science‐learning2009.wikispaces.com • http://learningandscience.blogspot.com • http://libraryatstgeorge.blogspot.com

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Prepared by

Gerardo LAZARO Science Lead Teacher Email: glazaro@sanjorge.edu.pe Wiki: http://science‐learning2009.wikispaces.com Blog: http://learningandscience.blogspot.com Twitter: http://twitter.com/glazaro

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Resources Used Slide Resource (Group)

Description

Origin

G1 ‐ 2 Image

Beethoven

http://bit.ly/Q7ggk

G1 ‐ 3 Image

Mozart

http://bit.ly/18LkW6

G1 ‐ 4 Animation Idea

Notebook Gallery

G1 ‐ 6 Images

Unknown

Ecosystem

G1 ‐ 8 Animation Check this out

Notebook Gallery

G1 ‐ 10 Images

Food Chain and Food Web http://bit.ly/eWZsE

G1 ‐ 11 Images

Plant parasites Bee in a flower Shark

Unknown Unknown Unknown

G1 ‐ 12 Images

Tiger and Chimpanzee Bear and Salmon Hummingbird Frog carrying eggs Insect carrying eggs

http://bit.ly/1B5BVk http://bit.ly/qomcj http://bit.ly/ss91a http://bit.ly/oHXBd http://bit.ly/ZlegX

G1 ‐ 13 Images

Lynx and Hare Lynx and Hare Graph

http://bit.ly/qnsmu http://bit.ly/uxZT3

G1 ‐ 14 Image

World Biomes 1

http://bit.ly/bbhai

G1 ‐ 16 Image

World Biomes 2

http://tinyurl.com/mfj2na

G1 ‐ 18 Images

Decidious Forest Conifer Forest Tropical Rain Forest

Unknown Unknown Unknown

G1 ‐ 20 Images

Desert Biomes Tundra Biomes

Unknown Unknown

G1 ‐ 22 Images

Grasslands 1 Grasslands 2

http://bit.ly/2jLZ0

G1 ‐ 23 Animation World Biomes 3

Unknown

G1 ‐ 24 Images

Natural Resources Alternative Resources

Unknown Unknown

G1 ‐ 26 Images

Conserving Water Oil Reservoir

Unknown Unknown

G1 ‐ 27 Images

Recycle Natural Resources

Unknown Unknown

G1 ‐ 28 Image

World Natural Resources

http://bit.ly/YR7o0

G1 ‐ 29 Image

Cycles of Nature

http://bit.ly/9S3BU

G1 ‐ 30 Animation Nitrogen Cycle

Unknown

G1 ‐ 31 Animation Phosphorus Cycle

Unknown

G1 ‐ 32 Animation Carbon Cycle

Unknown

G1 ‐ 33 Animation Water Cycle

Unknown

G1 ‐ 34 Image

Recycling Resources

http://bit.ly/Jgc2z

G1 ‐ 36 Images

Primary Succession Secundary Succession

http://bit.ly/1t3k5t http://bit.ly/14L85B

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Term III ­ Class 3 Ecology

Grade: Subject: Date:

7th Grade Biology ­ Beethoven September 14th, 2009

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1

What was your UNDERSTANDING of the topic: "Ecology"

A

I understood 25% of the whole topic

B

I understood 50% of the whole topic

C

I understood 75% of the whole topic

D

I understood 100% of the whole topic

E

I didn't understand the class

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2

What was your level of EFFORT to understand the topic?

A

My effort level was 25%

B

My effort level was 50%

C

My effort level was 75%

D

My effort level was 100%

E

I didn't put any effort

50

3

What RESOURCES helped you understand the topic?

A

Text

B

Images

C

Animations

D

Videos

E

Teacher's Speech

F

None

G

Other

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4

How does the SMART Board help you understand the topic?

A

It helps me visualize concepts

B

It helps understand difficult concepts

C

Touching things helps me learn

D

Interacting with the information makes it easier to understand

E

I prefer less effects or audiovisual resources

F

It doesn't really help much

G

I don't like it

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Term III ­ Class 3 Vertebrates

Grade: Subject: Date:

7th Grade Biology ­ Mozart August 31st, 2009

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1

What was your UNDERSTANDING of the topic: "Ecology"

A

I understood 25% of the whole topic

B

I understood 50% of the whole topic

C

I understood 75% of the whole topic

D

I understood 100% of the whole topic

E

I didn't understand the class

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2

What was your level of EFFORT to understand the topic?

A

My effort level was 25%

B

My effort level was 50%

C

My effort level was 75%

D

My effort level was 100%

E

I didn't put any effort

55

3

What RESOURCES helped you understand the topic?

A

Text

B

Images

C

Animations

D

Videos

E

Teacher's Speech

F

None

G

Other

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4

How does the SMART Board help you understand the topic?

A

It helps me visualize concepts

B

It helps understand difficult concepts

C

Touching things helps me learn

D

Interacting with the information makes it easier to understand

E

I prefer less effects or audiovisual resources

F

It doesn't really help much

G

I don't like it

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