7th Biology - Vertebrates

St. George's College

Subject: 7th BIOLOGY Teacher's notes

Class: Vertebrates

Objectives

Vocabulary Link and Learn

Date: August 31st

2009

In‐Class Survey

Prepared by

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7th Beethoven ‐ Vertebrates Name

Name

Reward

Ariana

Luis

Gabriel

Andrea

Andrea

Sebastián

Abraham

Ivanna

Giacomo

Camila

Fabiana

Carlos

Sinead

Aarón

Liliam

Paola

Francesca

Enrique

Rodrigo C.

Alessandra

Andres

Irma

Stefano

Sophia

Jean Pierre

Naomi

Diego

Kiara

Rodrigo H.

Christopher

Reward

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7th Mozart ‐ Vertebrates Name

Reward

Name

Nicole

Roberto M.

Luis

Giancarlo

Luciana

Fiorella

Antonella

Gabriela

Valeria Ch.

Steffano

Valeria C.

Javier

Sylvana

Roberto R.

Analucía

Diego

Camila

Luis Fernando

Franco

Sebastián

Ramiro

Julio

Sara

Sherley

Alicia

César

José Luis

Vilma

Sergio

Alessandra V.

Reward

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Let's remember previous learned concepts...

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Animal Classification • The animal kingdom is divided in two major groups: Invertebrates and Vertebrates.

• Invertebrates, are those animals that do not have a backbone.

• Invertebrates live in water and on land.

• There is a great variety of invertebrates, more than one million different kinds.

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New knowledge beginning.......

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Vertebrates • Vertebrates are animals that have backbones.

• Vertebrates belong to the phylum Chordata, and they’re called chordates.

• A chordate is an animal that at some point in its life has a large nerve cord running down its back.

• Besides having a backbone, vertebrates have an internal skeleton that supports their bodies, called an endoskeleton.

• Most vertebrates also have two sets of paired limbs, such as fins, arms, or legs.

• The simplest chordates, such as the tiny fishlike lancelets, do not have backbones surrounding their nerve cord.

• The more complex chordates, such as humans, dogs and elephants, do have backbones surrounding their nerve cords.

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Class AGNATHA The first vertebrates appeared about 540 million years ago, they were fish that did not have jaws.

• Heavy armored plates protected their bodies.

• These were the ancestors of modern fish.

• This groups gave rise to hagfish and lampreys.

• Lampreys fastens into other fish with their round mouth and cuts the fish’s skin to feed from blood.

• Hagfish have different kinds of mouth than lampreys, they have short tentacles that help them grab their food.

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Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes • The skeletons of sharks, rays, and skates are made of a tissue called cartilage, which is a body tissue that is not as hard as bone, or as soft as flesh.

• The skeletons of all vertebrates start off as being made of cartilage.

• In most vertebrates, the cartilage is gradually replaced by bone.

• For some unknown reason, this replacement process does not happen in sharks, rays or skates.

• Bony fishes have an organ called the swim bladder, cartilaginous fishes don’t.

• The swim bladder is an air sac that controls the rising or diving of the fish.

• Cartilaginous fishes must remain in motion to stay at the same depth.

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Class Amphibia • 365 million years ago, an unusual vertebrate struggled out of water and walked on land, something no other vertebrate had done yet.

• Amphibians are the first tetrapods, or four‐footed vertebrates.

• Not all amphibians have four feet. One group is called apodans (no feet), they look like worms.

• All other amphibians have four legs and four feet.

They lay eggs without shells.

• Amphibian (“two lives”); the first is a life in water, the second is a live on land.

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Class Reptilia • Most of the ancient reptiles (300‐200 my), including dinosaurs, became extinct.

• Today, there are only 4 major groups of reptiles: snakes, turtles, lizards and crocodilians (that includes alligators).

• All reptiles have lungs and breathe air.

• All have hard scales that are waterproof.

• Most lay eggs on land, although some give birth to live offspring.

• The eggs have shells that tend to be soft.

• All reptiles are cold‐blooded, which means they cannot keep its body temperature steady. Their temperature is almost always similar to the temperature of its surroundings.

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Class Aves • Birds and reptiles share some characteristics, like skin covered by hard scales and eggs covered with a shell.

• Today’s birds have feathers and no teeth as dinosaurs did. They don´t have claws in their front legs.

• Scientists found the link between birds and dinosaurs, the Archaeopteryx (a 150 myo animal).

• All birds have wings and lightweight bones.

• They have no teeth, but beaks.

• Birds are warm‐blooded as well as mammals, the only vertebrates able to keep their temperature constant.

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Class Mammals

• Mammals were succesful because they balanced their diet: proteins, fats, sugars, minerals, and vitamins. The diet is made up of a single substance: milk.

• The milk is made in organs called mammary glands.

• Mammals are covered with fur or hair, to keep them warm.

• Mammals have sweat glands, that keeps them cool in hot weather.

• The part of a mammal’s brain responsible for intelligence is more developed than other vertebrates.

• Mammals live everywhere on Earth.

• Some mammals (whales, dolphins) live in the ocean.

And some can fly, like bats.

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How Evolution Happens YouTube Video http://tinyurl.com/nptfhe

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SURVEY If you want to contribute in improving your Biology class, click in the survey link:

Term III ‐ 7th Beethoven ‐ Biology ‐ Class 1

Term III ‐ 7th Mozart ‐ Biology ‐ Class 1

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K­W­L Chart What I KNOW about this topic

What I WANT to know about this topic

What I LERANED about this topic

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Resources Used Slide Resource (Group)

Description

Origin

G1 ‐ 2 Image

Beethoven

http://bit.ly/Q7ggk

G1 ‐ 3 Image

Mozart

http://bit.ly/18LkW6

G1 ‐ 6 Image

Kingdoms of Life

Unknown

G1 ‐ 7 Animation Good Idea

Notebook Gallery

G1 ‐ 9 Images

Simples Vertebrates Spine

Unknown Unknown

G1 ‐ 10 Image

Vertebrates' Classes

Unknown

G1 ‐ 12 Images

Agnatha 1 Agnatha 2 Agnatha 3

http://tinyurl.com/mjc4oa http://tinyurl.com/2cao55 http://tinyurl.com/mxmrnt

G1 ‐ 14 Image

Chondrichthyes

http://tinyurl.com/mxgf33

G1 ‐ 15 Image

Osteichthyes

http://tinyurl.com/komdtf

G1 ‐ 17 Images

Amphibians Salamander Eggs Caecilian

http://tinyurl.com/ncr26l http://tinyurl.com/nylj2p http://tinyurl.com/nu3shm

G1 ‐ 19 Image

Reptiles

http://tinyurl.com/mfj2na

G1 ‐ 20 Image

Dinosaurs Snake Eggs

http://tinyurl.com/mvcwfb http://tinyurl.com/momsl6

G1 ‐ 22 Images

Birds Ostrich Birds' Eggs

http://tinyurl.com/ngdv62 http://tinyurl.com/koqsj6 http://tinyurl.com/lwnbpb

G1 ‐ 24 Image

Mammals

http://tinyurl.com/ofyvst

G1 ‐ 25 Image

Mammals Collage

Unknown

G1 ‐ 26 Video

How Evolution Happens http://tinyurl.com/nptfhe

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Teacher's Notes This class has been designed to cover the topics of Main Plant and Animal Groups from Monday August 31st till Friday September 4th.

For further knowledge about this topic: 1. Conduct a thorough search under the topic: Vertebrates on the Web, books and magazines.

2. If findings are not specific, ask your teacher for suggestions.

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Objectives • Review the characteristics of the main groups of Vertebrates.

Note: All, or most, of the objectives will be covered during class time, however the student must be responsible for those objectives not covered or concluded.

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Vocabulary • • • • • • •

Vertebrate: Notochord: Spinal Cord: Mammals: Birds: Reptiles: Amphibians:

Note: Most of the vocabulary words will be covered during class time, however the student must be responsible for those words not covered or concluded.

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Link and Learn You can visit the following websites to improve your understanding on the present topic: • • • • • • • •

http://tinyurl.com/mfj2na http://tinyurl.com/4o8q8m http://tinyurl.com/lt7vdm http://bit.ly/w6Fh3 http://bit.ly/shOkohttp://tolweb.org/tree/ http://science‐learning2009.wikispaces.com http://learningandscience.blogspot.com http://libraryatstgeorge.blogspot.com

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Prepared by

Gerardo LAZARO Science Lead Teacher Email: glazaro@sanjorge.edu.pe Wiki: http://science‐learning2009.wikispaces.com Blog: http://learningandscience.blogspot.com Twitter: http://twitter.com/glazaro

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Term III ­ Class 3 Vertebrates

Grade: Subject: Date:

7th Grade Biology ­ Beethoven August 31st, 2009

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1

What was your UNDERSTANDING of the topic: "Vertebrates"

A

I understood 25% of the whole topic

B

I understood 50% of the whole topic

C

I understood 75% of the whole topic

D

I understood 100% of the whole topic

E

I didn't understand the class

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2

What was your level of EFFORT to understand the topic?

A

My effort level was 25%

B

My effort level was 50%

C

My effort level was 75%

D

My effort level was 100%

E

I didn't put any effort

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3

What RESOURCES helped you understand the topic?

A

Text

B

Images

C

Animations

D

Videos

E

Teacher's Speech

F

None

G

Other

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4

How does the SMART Board help you understand the topic?

A

It helps me visualize concepts

B

It helps understand difficult concepts

C

Touching things helps me learn

D

Interacting with the information makes it easier to understand

E

I prefer less effects or audiovisual resources

F

It doesn't really help much

G

I don't like it

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Term III ­ Class 3 Vertebrates

Grade: Subject: Date:

7th Grade Biology ­ Mozart August 31st, 2009

40

1

What was your UNDERSTANDING of the topic: "Vertebrates"

A

I understood 25% of the whole topic

B

I understood 50% of the whole topic

C

I understood 75% of the whole topic

D

I understood 100% of the whole topic

E

I didn't understand the class

41

2

What was your level of EFFORT to understand the topic?

A

My effort level was 25%

B

My effort level was 50%

C

My effort level was 75%

D

My effort level was 100%

E

I didn't put any effort

42

3

What RESOURCES helped you understand the topic?

A

Text

B

Images

C

Animations

D

Videos

E

Teacher's Speech

F

None

G

Other

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4

How does the SMART Board help you understand the topic?

A

It helps me visualize concepts

B

It helps understand difficult concepts

C

Touching things helps me learn

D

Interacting with the information makes it easier to understand

E

I prefer less effects or audiovisual resources

F

It doesn't really help much

G

I don't like it

44