Agronomy Update Spring 2020

AGRONOMY

UPDATE 2020 SPRING

CONTENTS

3

INTRODUCTION

4

BACK TO BASICS

8

AGROCHEMICAL OPTIONS

18

SUGGESTED SOWING RATES FOR SPRING CEREALS

20 SPRING CEREAL RECOMMENDED LISTS 2020 22

WILD OAT OPTIONS AND APHICIDE OPTIONS 2020

23

AGROCHEMICAL OPTIONS - SPRING BARLEY 2020

26

PRODUCTS FOR DISEASE CONTROL

30 HERBICIDE OPTIONS - WINTER CEREALS 2020

2

34

CEREAL PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS

36

THE BENEFITS OF LATE POTASH APPLICATION

38

GLANBIA SUPPORT FOR GRAIN GROWERS

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

SPRING

2020

Introduction Spring 2020 will certainly live long in the memory for all that is going on around us at the moment, however food production must continue and tillage farming directly and indirectly is an important part of the food and feed supply chain. With this in mind, growers must continue to strive to produce crops with all our safety in mind.

Glanbia Ireland launched a grain census survey of our grain suppliers in March and we encourage all suppliers to complete and return the census as soon as possible. The information gathered in this exercise will help inform and direct future investment in Grains. Please return, with the information you are comfortable sharing with Glanbia in this light.

The contrast in crops in spring 2020 and spring 2019 has never been more evident. The wet autumn and winter has seen the area sown in winter cereals at only a fraction of the level in 2019. Both the winter wheat and winter barley areas are estimated to be as low as half the area compared to 2019. Many crops went into the ground in less than ideal conditions and have endured constant wet conditions since. The consequence of this will be an increase in acreage of all spring cereals. Spring barley will once again be the largest crop, but crops like beans and spring oats will provide a rotation and break crops are a vital component of Integrated Crop Management and provide an ideal entry point for winter cereals.

We now turn our attention to spring cropping, crop protection and agrochemical options available for the season ahead. This year, 2020, will mark the last season for the use of chlorothalonil with applications no longer permitted beyond the 20th of May 2020. Chlorothalonil has been an integral part of fungicide programmes for cereal production for a number of decades and strategies must now adapt.

As always, the Glanbia Agronomy team are on hand to help growers make informed and conscious decisions this spring and for the year ahead. This technically astute team would be more than happy to discuss all aspects of successful crop production. I would suggest that this document will be a particularly useful reference for these interactions given the social distance protocols that will be in place for some time.

Wishing you all the best for the season ahead, stay safe.

David Cooney, Agronomy Manager

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

3

back to basics Written by Barry Purcell

There always comes a time when there is a need to take a step back and analyse what you are doing. This year could be that time. When things are going well, often the basic principles can be carried out poorly, but the use of chemistry can solve the issue at a later date. However, this year, persistent wet weather has shown up poor

Soil fertility

management decisions, which has left crops coming out of the winter unsatisfactory in both growers and agronomist’s eyes. This year in particular, losing important chemistry such as chlorothalonil, really makes growers take a step back and analyse what they are doing. It is a time to go back to basics.

Soil fertility management needs to be managed over a long term basis as soil nutrient levels tend to change slowly. Optimising soil pH and the availability and supply of major nutrients such as P and K needs a planned approach over a numbers of years to ensure production levels are optimised in an environmentally and economically sustainable manner.

The following 5 key steps to good soil fertility management:The soil is the main component of any Have soil analysis results for the whole farm. farming system. Luckily, Irish tillage farms Apply lime as recommended to achieve the target pH for the crop. boast some of the best soils in the country.

1 However, they have to be maintainedAim toto have soil test P and K in the target Index 3 in all fields.

TESTING as possible.

Use organic fertilizers asSOIL efficiently consistently produce high yielding crops.

Know your soil fertility so youused can plan fertilizer balanced.

Make sure the fertilizers areyour properly Soil testing is the first step in The cost of soil sampling is low, relative to the cost of measuring your soil fertility. It is extremely 2 fertilizer important to allow you to make the best soil pH and lime Low pH reduces fertilizer use of inputs. Once the soil is fed the efficiency Target pH grassland = 6.3 correct quantities of nitrogen, phosphorous Target pH silage = 6.5 and potassium it is a good start to producing high yielding crops.

€

Productive land

5 3

target index 3

Low fertility soils (index 1&2) - Apply additional fertilizer High fertility soils (index4) - A resource and can save money

4

Nutrient balancer

Choose a fertilizer compound that has the correct balance of N, P, K and S

Slurry & manures

Where to spread? Apply to fields with a P&K requirement.

When to Spread? Apply during Spring - cool and moist weather

Soil pH The pH of a soil can tell us a lot of information and can influence management decisions. For growing cereal crops soil pH is optimally between 6.5-7.0. Outside of this range nutrient availability, soil microbe activity and herbicide effectiveness can be reduced. Low pH is an indication of how acidic a soil is. Soils can become acidic in 3 ways:

• Rainwater leaching away basic ions (calcium, magnesium, potassium & sodium)

• Carbon dioxide from decomposing organic matter and

root respiration dissolving in soil water which results in the formation of weak organic acids

• Formation of nitric and sulphuric acid from oxidation of ammonium and sulphur fertilisers

Low pH or acidic soils have an impact on soil microbes responsible for transforming N, S and P into plant available forms. The application of lime rectifies acidic soils High pH soils, over 7.0 pH, are described as being alkaline.

This can occur in areas where the underlying parent material below the soil is limestone. High pH soils can effect the availability of certain nutrients, such as phosphorous, manganese and boron.

For growers to get the most from their soil, they need to maximise the availability of nutrients in the soil. Rectifying pH imbalances will provide the micro biology in the soil with an environment that they can thrive in, breaking down the nutrients into plant available forms.

Soil compaction Soil compaction is generally associated with difficult working conditions where the soil structure has been damaged.

Compaction can take a long time to rectify but can be prevented by good management decisions. Compacted soils occur when soil particles are pressed together and pore space reduces. This limits the amount of water infiltration the soil is capable of, and also limits the amount of oxygen in the soil. Oxygen in the soil is essential for root transpiration and when soil compaction occurs, plant growth suffers. Along with reduced plant growth, poor soil aeration also increased the loss of soil nitrogen and releases greenhouse gases through denitrication in anaerobic conditions. Compaction can lead to increased levels of surface run off, fields flooding, soil erosion and transportation of nutrients and agricultural chemicals into waterways.

4

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

Compaction can be managed in different ways • • • •

Lowering tyre pressure Increasing tyre widths Number of machinery passes per management practice Control trafficking to limited compacted areas in fields

Compaction can be rectified over time by • Adjusting cultivation depths • Sub-soiling (only in dry conditions) • Cover crops (using different root structures to cultivate at depth)

SPRING

2020

Rotations The loss of the beet industry had a big impact on the rotations for crop growers in Ireland. Also farms have become more specialised with less ‘mixed’ farms to include grass in the rotation. In recent times, the inclusion of legumes and brassicas have shown to be a great addition to tillage farmers rotations. Getting the correct rotation to suit your farming system and soil type is essential for profitability.

options available to growers. It is recommended to talk to your agronomist on your rotation plan if your original plan failed due to the weather.

Benefits of crop rotation • • • •

This year has brought many challenges, and original rotation plans may seem hard to see through. However, where possible, break crops should be used and there are still

Soil fertility Disease breaks Weed control Wider planting/harvesting window

Organic manure Adding organic manure has many benefits to the soil.

Increasing the organic matter level in your soil can be Organic matter affects the soil structure and porosity, the increased in a number of ways: water infiltration rate and moisture holding capacity of soils, • Applying farm yard manure the diversity and biological activity of soil organisms, and and international research•findings, in farm practices, nutrient regulations plant nutrient availability.

Growingchanges cover crops onset of new grass and crop varieties with different nutrient requirements.

and the

• Chopping straw

Steps to Managing Soil Fertility

Timing of inputs

Soil fertility management needs to be managed over a long term basis as soil nutrient levels tend to change slowly. Optimising soil pH and the availability and supply of major nutrients such as P and K needs a planned approach over a numbers of years to ensure production levels are optimised in an environmentally and economically sustainable manner.

HARVEST

The following 5 key steps to good soil fertility management:-

Crop inputs are generally seen as an essential yet expensive component of crop growing, and so the timing of their application is crucial to ensure the best use of the input is achieved.

Understanding crop physiology, allows you to tailor crop inputs to maximise its benefit.

As a grower, it is imperative to be accurate with the timing of inputs. Often the window of opportunity is small, but to get the most from the input the timing needs to be accurate.

1.

Have soil analysis results for the whole farm.

2.

PGR to achieve thePGR Apply lime as recommended target pH for the crop.

3.

Aim to have soil test P and K in the target Index 3 in all fields.

4.

1ST SPLIT 2ND N SPLIT 3RD N SPLIT Use organic fertilizers as efficiently as possible.

5.

HERBICIDEsure the HERBICIDE Make fertilizers used are properly balanced.

FUNGICIDE

FUNGICIDE

FUNGICIDE

P&K

AND INSECTICIDE

SOWING

AND INSECTICIDE

GS13

24 OCT

GS21

27 JAN SOWING GS13 24 OCT

GS30

GS31

14 APR GS21 27 JAN

25 APR GS30 GS31

14 APR

25 APR

GS32 GS32

GS37 GS37

GS39 GS39

23 MAY GS59

23 MAY

15 JUN

GS59

GS71

15 JUN GS925 JULY GS71 5 JULY

GS92

8 AUG

8 AUG

Additions to improve crop husbandry Tools: There are many tools available to help growers make

the best decisions around applying inputs. Weather stations set up on farm monitoring precipitation, soil temperature, humidity and wind speed can all help to make good decisions on farm. Simple tools such as refractometer can allow growers to monitor the health of a crop throughout the growing season.

Foliar feeding: Throughout the growing season, the most effective way of rectifying plant nutrient deficiencies can be through foliar feeding. In this way, the nutrients are taken in by the leaf and into the plant, which removes any soil chemical interference that may occur. Products that include humic and amino acids help to increase the nutrient uptake by making the nutrient more bio-available to the plant.

Plant stimulants: There are now a lot of products entering this area, and as growers, knowing which one, if any, will benefit your crop can be a difficult decision to make. Most plant stimulants will show the highest economic benefit when applied to crops that are suffering from stress, which may be from waterlogged soils, temperature or harsh chemical application. Using these products astutely can help crops recover and promote added yield benefits.

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

5

AGROCHEMICAL Options - winter WHEAT 2020 Wheat WINTER WHEAT - SPRING HERBICIDE OPTIONS PRODUCT

RATE (L/HA)

COMMENTS

Zypar

0.65 - 1.0 L/ha

(Zypar = Boxer + Arylex mix) An excellent spring clean-up option.

Very good on Vol Beans, Cleavers, Fumitory, Groundsel and Chickweed. Application rate depends on weed pressure at time of application. Will not control Wild Oats, Bromes and AMG. Up to GS 45 only. Can be mixed with Axial Pro.

Pixxaro

0.25 – 0.5 L/ha

(Pixxaro = Hurler + Arylex mix) Rate depends on target weed and size of weed. Keep rate at 0.5 L/ha to control Poppy and Chickweed. Good on Cleavers, Fumitory and Shepard Purse also.

An alternative option to Zypar. Can be mixed with Axial Pro.

Alister Flex

0.7 - 1.0 L/ha

(Alister Flex = DFF + Meso + Iodo). Very good option if no autumn herbicide applied. Will control AMG, Bromes and Wild Oats. Narrow spectrum on broad leaf weeds. Mix with Zypar or SU to broaden control of broad leaf weeds. Aim to use early. Up to GS 29 only.

Pacifica Plus

0.3 - 0.5 Kg/ha

(Pacifica Plus = Meso + Iodo + Amido). Very good option if no autumn herbicide applied. Excellent on AMG, Bromes and Wild Oats. Better on strong Grass weeds then Alsiter Flex. Mix with Zypar, Galaxy or SU to broaden control of broad leaf weeds. Apply during good growth weather. Hot product. Mix with Bio Power @ 1.0 L/ha. Up to GS 39 only.

Monolith

0.2 - 0.33 Kg/ha

(Monolith = Meso + Propoxy). Excellent on Blackgrass, AMG, Bromes and Wild Oats. Narrow broad leaf label. Should be mixed with Zypar to broaden control of broad leaf weeds. Hot Product.

Mix with Bio Power @ 1.0 L/ha. Up to GS 33 only.

Broadway Star

265 g/ha or (1.06Kg/4ha)

(Broadway Star = Boxer + Pyroxsulam). Excellent product on Bromes and Wild Oats. Will not control AMG. Very good spectrum on BLW such as Poppy, Cleavers and Speedwell. Apply during good growth weather. Mix with Torpedo @ 0.25 L/ha. Up to GS 32 only.

GENERAL COMMENTS 1. Do not mix Alister Flex, Pacifica Plus and Monolith with CeCeCe and PGR. 2. For best results, herbicides should be applied early and during periods of good growth.

3. Pacifica Plus and Monolith are hard on crops. Delfan Plus or Phylgreen @ 1.5 - 2.0 L/ha can be mixed with these products during applications to help reduce stress on crop and aid recovery.

4. SU products like Thor, Cameo Max or Presite Max can be used where BLW tidy up is required.

5. Axial Pro can be used @ 0.5 L/ha – 0.6 L/ha as a selective Wild Oat herbicide.

The information provided is a guide only; always check product label before applying any pesticide.

6

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

SPRING

2020

Wheat WINTER WHEAT - T0 FUNGICIDE OPTIONS PRODUCT

RATE (L/HA)

COMMENTS

Bravo 500, Avoca etc.

1.0 L/ha

Chlorothalonil = Bravo 500/Avoca/ etc.

Curator/ Amistar Opti

1.25 L/ha

Curator@1.25L/ha = 1L/ha Bravo + 40% Amistar. Good on Rust and some activity against Take - All.

Opera

1.0l/ha

Opera @ 1.5 L/ha = 40% Opus + 67% F500. An option for early sown or Rust prone varieties.

GENERAL COMMENTS 1. T0 on wheat should be applied at GS 30.

2. The addition of Triazole @ T0 is uneconomical. Triazole should only be considered @ T0 in severe Septoria or Rust cases.

3. For Mildew control add Corbel @ 0.3 – 0.5 L/ha or Tern (if available) @ 0.3 – 0.5 L/ha. Tern is a strong option on Wheat.

4. For Mildew prevention add 0.15 - 0.25 L/ha Talius or 0.5 L/ha Flexity (will not control established mildew). This could be beneficial with Mildew prone varieties like Cellule, Avatar and Torp.

5. Max overall total dose rate of Talius = 0.25 L/ha. Flexity can be used as an alternative at a rate of 0.5 L/ha for Mildew prevention.

Max overall total dose rate of Flexity = 1.0 L/ha.

6. Max overall total dose of any individual 500g/l CTL product, i.e. Bravo 500/Avoca/Unipro CTL etc is 4.0 L/ha.

7. Please note, last application date for CTL product is 20th May 2020

WINTER WHEAT - PGR OPTIONS (GS 30 - 32) PRODUCT

RATE (L/HA)

COMMENTS

GS 30 - 32 Moddus/Tempo

0.2 L/ha

Or

Or

Optimus

0.2 L/ha

+/-

+/-

CeCeCe 75% / Holdup

1 - 2.0 L/ha

GS 30 - 32 CeCeCe 75% / Holdup

1.5 - 2.0 L/ha

Trinexapac can be hard on crops. Straight CCC is much kinder and is still very effective, particularly on good standing varieties like Costello

GS 30 - 32

0.2 – 0.32

Medax Max

Kg/ha

Medax Max @ 0.32 kg/ha = 25g Moddus + 15g Prohexadione.

Works well in cool conditions. Will help plant rooting.

+/-

+/-

CeCeCe 75% / Holdup

1.0 L/ha

Use 0.2L/ha rate Moddus/Tempo + CeCeCe @ GS30 - 31. Use only 0.3L/ha rate Moddus/Tempo@ GS32. The use of Moddus/Tempo will also help plant rooting. Moddus = 250g/l Trinexapac. Optimus = 175g/l Trinexapac but rate does not need to be adjusted due to formulation of product

GENERAL COMMENTS 1. Growth Regulation can be combined with the T0 Fungicide.

2. Do not mix CeCeCe with Alister Flex, Monolith or Pacifica Plus.

3. Follow up PGR, in the form of Terpal and Cerone should not be applied to wheat destined for the mushroom trade.

4. Medax Max is approved for use on crops where the straw is destined for the mushroom trade.

The information provided is a guide only; always check product label before applying any pesticide.

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

7

AGROCHEMICAL Options - winter WHEAT 2020 Wheat WINTER WHEAT – T1 FUNGICIDE OPTIONS PRODUCT

RATE (L/HA)

Elatus Era + Bravo/Avoca etc.

0.8 - 1.0 + 1.0

Elatus Era @ 1.0 L/ha = 75% Proline + 100% Solatenol. Excellent product for Eyespot control and Rust control. Proline will help with Mildew control.

Adexar + Bravo/Avoca etc.

1.8 - 2.0 + 1.0

Adexar @ 2.0 L/ha = 100% Opus + 100% Xemium. An excellent SDHI option for a high Septoria situation. Xemium is still the most curative SDHI available.

Lentyma

1.5 + 1.0

Lentyma @ 1.5 = 67% Revysol (Mefentrifluconazole) and 80% Xemium

Ascra Xpro + Bravo/Avoca etc.

1.2 - 1.5 + 1.0

Ascara @ 1.2 L/ha = 80% Proline + 80% SDHI loading. Combination of 2 SDHI’s - Bixafen + Flupyram. Ascara has no taken the place of Aviator.

Elatus Plus + Plexeo

0.60 – 0.75

Elatus Plus @ 0.75 L/ha (full rate) = 100% Solatenol.

+

Plexeo @ 1.5 L/ha (full rate) = 100% Metconazole. Full rate of pack will cover 17 acres. 80% rate of pack will cover 21 acres. Will predominantly be placed in the T2 slot but may be considered at T1 for rust control followed by Adexar at T2.

+ Bravo/Avoca etc.

+ Bravo/Avoca etc.

1.2 – 1.5 +

COMMENTS

Curative option, new curative Triazole along curative SDHI

1.0

GENERAL COMMENTS 1. T1 fungicide application on winter wheat should be made at GS 31-32 when the 3rd last leaf is fully emerged. It is critically important to wait until the 3rd last leaf is fully emerged.

2. Chlorothalonil (Bravo/Avoca/Unipro CTL etc.) at 1.0 L/ha should be added to all treatments above as stated. Please note last application date for CTL product is 20th May 2020 3. For Mildew control add Tern @ 0.3 – 0.5 L/ha. 15 metre buffer zone for Tern.

4. For Mildew prevention add 0.15 - 0.25 L/ha Talius or 0.3 - 0.5 L/ha Flexity. Very little effect on established Mildew.

5. Max overall total dose rate of Talius = 0.25 L/ha. Flexity can be used as an alternative at a rate of 0.5 L/ha for Mildew prevention.

Max overall total dose rate of Flexity = 1.0 L/ha.

6. Solatenol based products (Elatus Era or Elatus Plexeo) can only be used once in program.

7. Max overall total dose of any individual 500g/l CTL product, i.e. Bravo 500 / Avoca etc. is 4.0 L/ha.

8. Teagasc have suggested that there is merit in including a T1.5 fungicide to help time the T2 fungicide perfectly if timings/intervals get stretched.

This should be no more than Chlorothalonil at 1.0 L/ha.

The information provided is a guide only; always check product label before applying any pesticide.

8

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

SPRING

2020

Wheat WINTER WHEAT – T2 FUNGICIDE OPTIONS PRODUCT

RATE (L/HA)

Revystar XL

1.5

Revystar @ 1.5 = 100% Mefentrifluconazole and 60% Xemium. An excellent SDHI option for a high Septoria situation. Most curative SDHI available. This will be the T2 of choice for 2020.

Librax

1.8 - 2.0

Librax @ 2.0 L/ha = 100% Metconazole + 100% Xenium. An excellent SDHI option for a high Septoria situation. Most curative SDHI available.

Elatus Plus + Plexeo

0.60 – 0.75

Elatus Plus @ 0.75 L/ha (full rate) = 100% Solatenol. Plexeo @ 1.5 L/ ha (full rate) = 100% Metconazole. Full rate of pack will cover 17 acres.

80% rate of pack will cover 21 acres. Do not use Elatus Plus Plexeo @ T2 if Elatus Era used at T1. T2 timing will be largely dominated by Metconazole.

Ascara Xpro

1.2 - 1.5

Ascara @ 1.5 L/ha = 100% Proline + 100% SDHI loading. Combination of 2 SDHI’s - Bixafen + Flupyram. Ascara has now taken the place of Aviator.

Elatus Era

0.8 - 1.0

Elatus Era @ 1.0 L/ha = 75% Proline + 100% Solatenol. Excellent preventative Septoria control and Rust control. Be mindful to alternate Triazole family throughout program. Do not use Elatus Era @ T2 if Elatus Plus Plexeo used at T1.

Adexar

1.8 - 2.0

Adexar @ 2.0 L/ha = 100% Opus + 100% Xenium. An excellent SDHI option for a high Septoria situation. Be mindful to alternate Triazole families throughout program. Good Rust Option

+ 1.2 – 1.5

COMMENTS

GENERAL COMMENTS 1. T2 application in winter wheat should be made at GS 39 when the flag last leaf is fully emerged. Timing is crucial.

2. Chlorothalonil (Bravo/Avoca/Unipro CTL etc.) at 1.0 L/ha should be added to all treatments if T2 is applied before 20th May 2020 3. For Mildew prevention add 0.15 - 0.25 L/ha Talius or 0.3 - 0.5 L/ha Flexity. Very little effect on established Mildew.

4. Max overall total dose rate of Talius = 0.25 L/ha. Flexity can be used as an alternative at a rate of 0.5 L/ha for Mildew prevention. Max overall total dose rate of Flexity = 1.0 L/ha.

WINTER WHEAT - T3 FUNGICIDE OPTIONS PRODUCT

RATE (L/HA)

COMMENTS

Prosaro +/Comet / Amistar

1.0 + 0.5/0.5

Prosaro @ 1.0 L/ha = 63% Proline + 50% Tebuconazole.

Magnello +/Comet / Amistar

0.8 + 0.5/0.5

Magnello @ 0.8 L/ha = 64% Score + 80% Folicur.

Decoy + Comet

0.5 + 0.5

Decoy @ 0.5 L/ha = 63% Proline + 50% F500. Alternative option to Tebuconazole and may suit crops where late rust infection is an issue.

Firefly

1.2

Firefly @ 1.2 L/ha = 63% Proline + 50% Strob loading.

+/- 50% Strob loading.

+/- 50% Strob loading

GENERAL COMMENTS 1. T3 application on Winter Wheat should be applied between at GS59 - GS69 when the ear is flowering.

2. For Mildew control Tern @ 0.3 – 0.5 L/ha. 15 metre buffer zone for Tern.

The information provided is a guide only; always check product label before applying any pesticide.

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

9

AGROCHEMICAL Options - winter BARLEY 2020 BARLEY WINTER BARLEY - T1 FUNGICIDE OPTIONS PRODUCT

RATE (L/HA)

COMMENTS

Boogie

1.0 – 1.5

Boogie @ 1.0 L/ha = 66% Ptz + 66% Bixafen + 33% Spiroxamine Excellent option for Mildew prone varieties. High loading of Triazole and SDHI.

Decoy + Comet

0.5 + 0.5

Decoy @ 0.5 L/ha = 63% Proline + 50% F500. A good option for 2-row varieties with a high loading of Triazole and strob.

Opera +/Proline

1.0 - 1.25 +/(0.2 - 0.5)

Opera @ 1.0 L/ha = 40% Opus + 67% F500. A very good option on its own for 6 row barley. Excellent on Rust and Net Blotch. Use with Proline if Ryncho present in crop or if using on 2-row barley. Proline @ 0.35 L/ha= 44% Prothio.

Zephyr

0.75

Zephyr @ 0.75 L/ha = 66% Proline + 26% Twist. An option for 2 row barley. Note; 0.75 L/ha is the max label rate for Zephyr.

Opera +/Zephyr

0.5 - 0.75 +/0.5 - 0.75

Opera @ 0.5 L/ha = 20% Opus + 34% F500. Zephyr @ 0.5 L/ha = 44% Proline + 18% Twist. A very good option for modern 2-row varieties with a high loading of Triazole and strob. Note; 0.75 L/ha is the max label rate for Zephyr.

Elatus Era

0.5 - 1.0

Elatus Era @ 1.0 L/ha = 75% Proline + 100% Solatenol. Excellent on Rust, and Ryncho. Good option on hybrid and 2-row varieties.

GENERAL COMMENTS 1. Rates should be adjusted depending on disease pressures and conditions.

2. T1 on barley should be applied at GS 25-31 (1st node).

3. For Mildew prevention add 0.15 - 0.25 L/ha Talius or 0.5 L/ha Flexity (will not control established mildew).

4. Watch SDHI and Strob usage throughout program.

SPRING BARLEY - PGR OPTIONS (GS 30 - 32) PRODUCT

RATE (L/HA)

COMMENTS

GS 30 - 32 Moddus/Tempo/Freeze Or Optimus +/CECECE 75% / HOLDUP

0.2 L/ha Or 0.2 L/ha +/1 - 2.0 L/ha

Use 0.1 - 0.2 L/ha rate Moddus/Tempo/Freeze + CeCeCe @ GS30 - 31. Use only 0.3 L/ha rate Moddus/Tempo/Freeze@ GS32.

Optimus = 175g/l Trinexapac but rate does not need to be adjusted due to formulation of product. Correct PGR is critical for Hybrid Barley.

GS 30 - 32 Medax Max +/Cecece 75% / Holdup

0.2 - 0.32 Kg/ha +/1.0 L/ha

Medax Max @ 0.32 kg/ha = 25g Moddus + 15g Prohexadione.

Works well in cool conditions.

GENERAL COMMENTS

The information provided is a guide only; always check product label before applying any pesticide.

1. Growth Regulation can be combined with the T1 Fungicide.

2. Be careful when mixing with Wild oat herbicides and/or winter clean up herbicides as these can heat mixes up.

3. Follow up PGR, in the form of Terpal / Medax Max, should be applied between growth stages 32 - 37.

The information provided is a guide only; always check product label before applying any pesticide.

10

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

SPRING

2020

BARLEY WINTER BARLEY - T2 FUNGICIDE OPTIONS PRODUCT

RATE (L/HA)

COMMENTS

Bontima +/Proline +/Bravo/Avoca etc.

1.6 - 2.0 +/(0.2 – 0.5) +/1.0

Bontima @1.6 L/ha = 60% Unix + 80% Isopyrazam. Very good product choice, particularly on clean crops. If timings begin to get stretched or crops start to take on Ryncho, the addition of Proline should be considered. Only 2 SDHI’s permitted on Barley.

Kayak +/Proline +/Bravo or Curator etc.

0.8 - 1.0 +/(0.2 – 0.5) +/1.0 or 1.25

Kayak @1.0 L/ha = 60% Unix (300g/ha Cyprodinil). Curator @ 1.25 L/ha = 1.0 L/ha Bravo + 40% Amistar. An alternative option, particularly on clean crops and hybrid varieties. If timings begin to get stretched or crops start to take on Ryncho, the addition of Proline should be considered.

Venture Extra +/Bravo/Avoca etc.

0.75 - 1.5 +/1.0

Venture Extra@ 0.83L/ha = 50% Opus + 50% Boscalid. A good option as a holding spray on 6-rows and 2-rows, particularly where the T1 got delayed and the T3 is not far away. 1.0 L/ha would perhaps be a more sensible option. Boscalid is beneficial in terms of breakdown and brackling. Only 2 SDHI’s permitted on Barley.

Elatus Era

0.5 - 1.0 +/0.3 - 0.6

Elatus Era @ 1.0 L/ha = 75% Proline + 100% Solatenol. Excellent on Rust, and Ryncho. Good option if timings get stretched with 2-row varieties. Be conscious of SDHI loading throughout program. Only 2 SDHI’s permitted on Barley.

Siltra +/Bravo/Avoca etc.

0.6 - 1.0 +/1.0

Siltra @ 0.6 L/ha = 60% Proline + 39% Bixafen. Use if Ryncho levels are extremely high.

GENERAL COMMENTS 1. T2 on barley should be applied at GS 32-37 (2nd node - flag leaf emerging). The T2 should be applied earlier if the T1 was applied towards the end of tillering or if timings are stretched.

2. For Mildew control add Tern @ 0.3 – 0.5 L/ha. 15 metre buffer zone applies to Tern.

3. For Mildew prevention add 0.15 - 0.25 L/ha Talius or Flexity @ 0.5 L/ha (will not control established mildew).

4. Bravo/Avoca/CTL etc. should be included at T2 on 6 rows and 2 rows to protect against an early onset of Ramularia.

5. CTL should be used in situations where the threat of Ramularia is high or where the crop has suffered from stress early on.

Please note last application date for CTL product is 20th May 2020

WINTER BARLEY - FOLLOW UP PGR OPTIONS (GS 32 - 49) PRODUCT

RATE (L/HA)

COMMENTS

GS 32 - 39 Terpal

0.8 - 1.0 L/ha

Optimum timing for Terpal = GS 32 - 37. Use 0.8 - 1.0 L/ha where an earlier PGR was applied. Use 1.5 - 2.0 L/ha where no PGR was applied previously. Do not apply where awns are emerging.

GS 41 - 49 Medax Max

0.2 - 0.32 Kg/ha

Medax Max @ 0.32 kg/ha = 25 g Moddus + 15 g Prohexadione. Can be applied up to 0.75 Kg/ha between GS 41 - 49. Max total dose of Medax Max on winter Barley = 1.5 Kg/ha.

GS 32 - 39 Cerone

0.6 - 1.0 L/ha

Optimum timing for Cerone is GS 37. Hot product, should only be considered in fire brigade situations. Add to spray tank last.

GENERAL COMMENTS 1. Not all crops will require a follow up PGR. Decision based on lodging assessment.

2. Can be combined with T2 fungicide. Do not leave late and get caught out with awns emerging.

3. Max total dose of Medax Max on winter Barley = 1.5 Kg/ha.

4. Max total dose of Terpal on winter Barley = 2.0 L/ha up to GS 39.

The information provided is a guide only; always check product label before applying any pesticide.

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

11

AGROCHEMICAL Options - SPRING BARLEY 2020 BARLEY WINTER BARLEY - T3 FUNGICIDE OPTIONS PRODUCT

RATE (L/HA)

COMMENTS

(Barley Pack Plus) Priaxor + Venture Extra +/Bravo/Avoca Etc.

0.75 + 0.75 +/1.0

Barley Pack Plus = 5L Priaxor in Can 1 and 5L Venture Extra in Can 2. Sold together as a twin pack in the same box.

Priaxor @ 0.75 L/ha = 45% Xenium + 56% F500. Venture Extra @ 0.75 L/ha = 45% Opus + 45% Boscalid. Excellent all round fungicide with excellent straw characteristics. Added benefit of Boscalid. 15 acre - 20 acre pack, rate depending.

Ceriax +/Bravo/Avoca/Ctl Etc.

1.6 - 2.0 +/1.0

Ceriax @ 1.6 L/ha = 53% Opus + 53% Xenium + 53% F500.

Very good on all diseases. Ideally suited to a T3 situation.

Excellent straw characteristics.

Elatus Era +/Bravo/Avoca Etc.

0.65 - 1.0 +/1.0

Elatus Era @ 1.0 L/ha = 75% Proline + 100% Solatenol. Strong and robust option on Ryncho and Rust.

Boogie +/Bravo/Avoca Etc.

0.6 - 1.0 +/1.0

Siltra @ 0.6 L/ha = 60% Proline + 39% Bixafen. Strong option if Ryncho levels are extremely high.

Venture Extra +/Bravo/Avoca Etc.

0.83 - 1.5 +/1.0

Venture Extra @ 0.83 L/ha = 50% Opus + 50% Boscalid. Boscalid will help with straw breakdown. 1.0 L/ha would perhaps be a more sensible option. Only 2 SDHI’s permitted on Barley.

GENERAL COMMENTS 1. For Mildew control add 0.3 - 0.5 L/ha Corbel.

2. Max overall total dose rate of Talius = 0.25 L/ha. Flexity can be used as an alternative at a rate of 0.5 L/ha for Mildew prevention.

Max overall total dose rate of Flexity = 1.0 L/ha.

3. Be careful not to exceed max total overall doses of specific products throughout program.

4. Only 2 SDHI’s permitted on Barley. Only 2 application timings of Strob’s permitted on Barley.

5. The last date for CTL application is 2nd May 2020 6. Bravo/Avoca/Abringo/ Unipro CTL etc. should be included at T3 on all varieties to protect against Ramularia.

7.

T3 on winter Barley should be applied at GS 39 - 49 (awns emerging).

The information provided is a guide only; always check product label before applying any pesticide.

12

GLANBIA AGRONOMY UPDATE

FOR OPTIMUM YIELD

Giving life to your crops RENOWNED FOR RELIABILITY AND CONSISTENCY HIGH QUALITY GRANULAR MATERIAL THE PROVEN PERFORMER ON IRISH FARMS NUMBER ONE PRODUCT IN IRELAND ON CEREALS AND GRASSLAND

AGROCHEMICAL OPTIONS WINTER / SPRING OATS 2020 OATS WINTER / SPRING OATS - T0 FUNGICIDE OPTIONS PRODUCT

RATE (L/HA)

COMMENTS

Boogie +/Flexity

1.0 - 1.5 +/0.5 – 1.0

Boogie @ 1.0 L/ha = 66% Ptz + 66% Bixafen + 33% Spiroxamine.

Flexity +/Tern

0.5 – 1.0 +/0.75 - 1.0

Mildew prevention is critical. Flexity @ 0.5L/ha = 50% rate. Add Tern if Mildew present in crop. Increase rate depending on Mildew pressure. This is crucial with the variety, Barra.

Talius +/Tern

0.15 - 0.25 +/0.3 - 0.6

Mildew prevention is critical. Talius @ 0.2L/ha = 80% rate. Add Tern if Mildew present in crop. Increase rate depending on Mildew pressure. This is crucial with the variety, Barra.

Flexity @ 0.5/ha = 50% Metrafenone Excellent mix if T0 gets delayed and Crown Rust and Mildew are problematic

GENERAL COMMENTS 1. Rates should be adjusted depending on disease pressures and conditions.

2. T0 on Oats should be applied at GS 30-31 (1st node).

3. The T0 on Oats should be combined with the 1st PGR and herbicide.

4. Max overall total dose rate of Talius = 0.25 L/ha. Flexity can be used as an alternative at a rate of 0.5 L/ha for Mildew prevention.

Max overall total dose rate of Flexity = 1.0 L/ha.

WINTER / SPRING OATS - PGR OPTIONS (GS 30 - 32) PRODUCT

RATE (L/HA)

GS 30 - 31(1st Node) Moddus / Tempo / Freeze + Cecece 75% / Holdup (Gartrel)

0.2 L/ha

GS 32 (2nd Node) Moddus / Tempo / Freeze + Cecece 75%/Holdup

0.2 L/ha

GS 30 - 39 Ceraide

1.0 - 2.3 L/ha

2.3 L/ha = max single application dose rate. 1.4 L/ha = 868 g/ha CCC (Chlormequat). Good option at GS 37 / 39. Be conscious of Chlormequat loading throughout program due to residues.

GS 30 - 39 Medax Max

0.2 - 0.32 Kg/ha

Medax Max @ 0.32 Kg/ha = 25 g Moddus + 15 g Prohexadione.

Works well in cool conditions.

+ 1.0 L/ha

+ 1.0 L/ha

COMMENTS Use 0.2 L/ha Moddus/Tempo + 1.0 L/ha CeCeCe @ GS30 - 31.

This is of critical importance to the variety Barra. Optimus can be used as an alternative to Moddus or Tempo.

Use 0.2 L/ha Moddus/Tempo + 1.0 L/ha CeCeCe @ GS31 - 32.

The interval between the first and second PGR could be as close to a week in some cases, depending on growth.

GENERAL COMMENTS 1. Growth regulation can be combined with the T1 fungicide.

2. Manganese should be included with these timings T0/1st PGR (GS 30 - 31), T1/2nd PGR (GS 31 - 32).

3. Be conscious of late applications of CCC (Chlormequat) due to residue detections.

4. Medax Max @ 0.2 - 0.5 Kg/ha can be used as a 3rd PGR up to GS 39.

The information provided is a guide only; always check product label before applying any pesticide.

14

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

SPRING

2020 WINTER / SPRING OATS - HERBICIDE OPTIONS (GS 30 - 31) PRODUCT

RATE (L/HA)

COMMENTS

Cameo Max + Galaxy +/(Gartrel)

1 pack / (3 - 5/ha) + 0.65 - 1.0 L/ha +/(0.2 L/ha)

(Galaxy = Boxer + Hurler + Clopyralid mix) This mix is more suited to Wexford or where resistant Corn Marigold is an issue. Rates depend on weed pressure at time of application. Max individual dose of Galaxy = 1.0 L/ha. For resistant Corn Marigold, mix with Gartrel @ 0.2 L/ha. 0.2 L/ha Gartrel = 40g/l Clopyralid. Excellent mix and will control Cleavers, Chickweed, Speedwell and Fumitory.

Cameo Max and Ally Max are the only SU’s cleared on Oats

Ally Max + Hurler / Reaper

1 pack- (2 - 2.5/ha) + 0.65 - 1.0 L/haw

Not as good on Fumitory as Cameo Max. Fluroxypyr will offer good control of cleavers. Rates depend on weed pressure at time of application.

Cameo Max + Hurler / Reaper

1 pack- (3 - 5/ha) + 0.65 - 1.0 L/ha

Better weed spectrum than above. Controls most common weeds found in Oats. Rates depend on weed pressure at time of application.

GENERAL COMMENTS 1. Rates should be adjusted depending on weed pressures and conditions.

2. Cameo Max and Ally Max are the only SU herbicides cleared on Oats.

3. Herbicides can be mixed with T0 and 1st PGR. Aim to apply between GS 30 - 32.

4. PGR / Fungicide / Herbicide / Trace Element mix can be hard on Oat crops. Delfan Plus @ 1.0 L/ha - 2.0 L/ha can be mixed with combined tank mix applications to help reduce stress on crop and aid crop recovery.

5. Manganese should be included with the above mix.

WINTER / SPRING OATS - T1 FUNGICIDE OPTIONS PRODUCT

RATE (L/HA)

COMMENTS

Boogie +/Talius

1.0 - 1.5 +/0.15 - 0.25

Boogie @ 1.0 L/ha = 66% Ptz + 66% Bixafen + 33% Spiroxamine.

Decoy + Comet +/Talius

0.5 + 0.5 +/0.15 - 0.25

Decoy @ 0.5 L/ha = 63% Proline + 50% F500

Elatus Era +/Talius

0.5 - 0.8 + 0.15 - 0.25

Elatus Era @ 0.5 L/ha = 38% Proline + 50% Solatenol. Excellent Oat product. Excellent on Rust. Proline will also help on Mildew.

Prothioconazole will also help on Mildew. Add Tern if Mildew present in crop.

Opera +/Talius

1.0 - 1.25 +/0.15 - 0.25 +/0.3 - 0.6

Opera @ 1.0 L/ha = 40% Opus + 67% F500. Excellent option on Rust.

Talius @ 0.2 L/ha=80% rate. Add Tern if Mildew present in crop.

This option may be more suited to a T1.5 if the original T1 breaks down early.

Talius @ 0.2 L/ha = 80% rate. Max overall total dose rate of Talius = 0.25 L/ha.

Talius @ 0.2 L/ha = 80% rate. Add Tern if Mildew present in crop.

GENERAL COMMENTS 1. Rates should be adjusted depending on disease pressure and conditions.

2. The T1 on Oats should be applied at GS 31-32 (2nd node).

3. The T1 on Oats can be combined with the 2nd PGR. 4. A holding spray between the T1 and T2 may be required. Opera would be good fits at above rates.

This will depend on weather conditions and if Rust or Mildew takes hold within crops.

5. Max overall dose rate of Boogie = 3.0 L/ha.

6. Max overall total dose rate of Talius = 0.25 L/ha. Flexity can be used as an alternative at a rate of 0.5 L/ha for Mildew prevention. Max overall total dose rate of Flexity = 1.0 L/ha 7.

Manganese should be included at this timing if not already completed.

The information provided is a guide only; always check product label before applying any pesticide.

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

15

AGROCHEMICAL OPTIONS WINTER / SPRING OATS 2020 OATS SPRING OATS - T2 FUNGICIDE OPTIONS PRODUCT

RATE (L/HA)

COMMENTS

Elatus Era +/Talius

0.5 - 0.8 +/0.15 - 0.25

Elatus Era @ 0.5 L/ha = 38% Proline + 50% Solatenol. Excellent Oat product and excellent on Rust. Proline will also help on Mildew.

Elatus Era performed very well on Oat crops in 2018. Ideally suited to the T2 slot.

Decoy + Priaxor +/Talius

1.5 - 2.0

Decoy @ 0.5 L/ha = 63% Proline

Decoy + Comet +/Talius

0.5 + 0.5 +/0.15 – 0.25

Priaxor @ 0.75 L/ha = 45% Xenium + 56% F500 Excellent Oat product and excellent on Rust. Proline will also help on Mildew Decoy @ 0.5 L/ha = 63% Proline + 50% F500 Excellent Oat product and excellent on Rust. Proline will also help on Mildew Will suit if SDHI used in T0/ T1 Timing

GENERAL COMMENTS 1. Rates should be adjusted depending on disease pressure and conditions.

2. Sometimes it is advantageous to “split” the T2 head spray in order to coincide with head emergence.

3. T2 Oat should be applied at GS 52 - 59 (head emerging).

4. Max overall total dose rate of Talius = 0.25 L/ha. Flexity can be used as an alternative at a rate of 0.5 L/ha for Mildew prevention. Max overall total dose rate of Flexity = 1.0 L/ha 5. Only 2 SDHI’s permitted on Oats. Only 2 application timings of Strobs permitted on Oats 6. Mastercrop Final K @ 2.5 - 4.0 L/ha should be combined with T2 fungicide to help increase Kph levels.

7. Important to be aware of maximum overall total dose rate of Jenton.

The information provided is a guide only; always check product label before applying any pesticide.

16

GLANBIA AGRONOMY UPDATE

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GLANBIA AGRONOMY UPDATE

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Suggested Sowing Rates for SPRING Cereals

SPRING BARLEY

SPRING OATS

SPRING WHEAT

Aim to establish between 300 - 330 plants/m²

Aim to establish between 325 - 350 plants/m²

Aim to establish between 300 - 350 plants/m²

Suggested Spring Barley seed rates for 2020 SOWING DATE (WEEK)

4TH WEEK FEBRUARY

1ST WEEK MARCH

2ND WEEK MARCH

3RD WEEK MARCH

4TH WEEK MARCH

2ND WEEK APRIL

4TH WEEK APRIL

TARGET PLANTS M²

300

305

310

320

330

330

330

SOWING SEEDS M²

400

380

390

380

390

370

370

% ESTABLISHMENT

75%

80%

80%

85%

85%

90%

90%

Suggested Spring Oat seed rates for 2020 SOWING DATE (WEEK)

4TH WEEK FEBRUARY

1ST WEEK MARCH

2ND WEEK MARCH

3RD WEEK MARCH

4TH WEEK MARCH

2ND WEEK APRIL

4TH WEEK APRIL

TARGET PLANTS M²

325

325

335

335

340

345

350

SOWING SEEDS M²

430

410

420

395

400

385

390

% ESTABLISHMENT

75%

80%

80%

85%

85%

90%

90%

Suggested Spring Wheat seed rates for 2020 SOWING DATE (WEEK)

4TH WEEK FEBRUARY

1ST WEEK MARCH

2ND WEEK MARCH

3RD WEEK MARCH

4TH WEEK MARCH

1ST WEEK APRIL

2ND WEEK APRIL

TARGET PLANTS M²

300

310

320

330

340

350

350

SOWING SEEDS M²

400

388

400

390

400

390

390

% ESTABLISHMENT

75%

80%

80%

85%

85%

90%

90%

18

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

SPRING

CEREAL SEEDING RATE CALCULATOR (Kg/ha) Seeds / m2

2020

THOUSAND GRAIN WEIGHT - GRAMS 32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

50

52

54

56

58

60

62

50

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

75

24

26

27

29

30

32

33

35

36

38

39

41

42

44

45

47

100

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

50

52

54

56

58

60

62

125

40

43

45

48

50

53

55

58

60

63

65

68

70

73

75

78

150

48

51

54

57

60

63

66

69

72

75

78

81

84

87

90

93

175

56

59

63

67

70

74

77

81

84

88

91

95

98

101

105

109

200

64

68

72

76

80

84

88

92

96

100

104

108

112

116

120

124

225

72

77

81

86

90

95

99

104

108

113

117

122

126

131

135

139

250

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

125

130

135

140

145

150

155

275

88

94

99

105

110

116

121

127

132

138

143

149

154

160

165

171

300

96

102

108

114

120

126

132

138

144

150

156

162

168

174

180

186

325

104

111

117

124

130

137

143

150

156

163

169

176

182

189

195

202

350

112

119

126

133

140

147

154

161

168

175

182

189

196

203

210

217

375

120

128

135

143

150

158

165

173

180

188

195

203

210

218

225

233

400

128

136

144

152

160

168

176

184

192

200

208

216

224

232

240

248

425

136

145

153

162

170

179

187

196

204

213

221

230

238

247

255

264

450

144

153

162

171

180

189

198

207

216

225

234

243

252

261

270

279

475

152

162

171

181

190

200

209

219

228

238

247

257

266

275

285

294

500

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

290

300

310

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

19

Spring Cereal Recommended Lists 2020 SPRING WHEAT 2020 AGRONOMIC & QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS*

RECOMMENDED

PROVISIONALLY RECOMMENDED

KWS CHILHAM

KWS STARLIGHT

KWS TALISKER

RELATIVE YIELD ¨

100

103

104

STRAW HEIGHT (CM)

62.2

71.9

71.4

STRENGTH OF STRAW

(4)

-

-

EARLINESS OF RIPENING

4

(5)

(5)

RESISTANCE TO: MILDEW

7

(6)

(7)

SEPTORIA SPP.

6

(6)

(6)

YELLOW RUST

7

(7)

(8)

SPROUTING

(7)

(7)

(7)

GRAIN PROTEIN CONTENT (%)

11.7

11.6

11.7

HAGBERG FALLING NUMBER

315

167

280

#

QUALITY: §

1000 GRAIN WEIGHT (G)

33.4

35.5

37.6

HECTOLITRE WEIGHT (KG/HL)

77.1

80.2

78.4

HARDNESS INDEX

Hard

Hard

Hard

YEAR FIRST LISTED

2019

2020

2020

* Based on trial results from 2017, 2018 and 2019. ¨ Yields are expressed as a percentage of KWS Chilham (100 = 7.3 t/ha @ 15% moisture content).

- No data available. # 2017 data. § Based on results from 2018.

SPRING OATS 2020 AGRONOMIC & QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS* RELATIVE YIELD ¨

RECOMMENDED BARRA

DELFIN

HUSKY

KEELY

WPB ISABEL

93

116

107

103

113

94.4

95.2

93.8

96.3

98.3

RESISTANCE TO LODGING

3

7

6

5

8

STRAW BREAKDOWN

4

6

5

4

8

EARLINESS OF RIPENING

6

7

8

7

6

STRAW HEIGHT (CM)

RESISTANCE TO: MILDEW

3

8

6

5

6

CROWN RUST

4

4

4

4

6

1000 GRAIN WEIGHT (G)

35.7

41.4

36.8

36.1

40.0

KERNEL CONTENT (%)

73.6

72.3

74.2

73.9

74.9

HECTOLITRE WEIGHT (KG/HL)

56.6

54.5

55.5

56.1

56.9

YEAR FIRST LISTED

1985

2019

2009

2017

2019

QUALITY:

* Based on trial results from 2017, 2018 and 2019. ¨ Yields are expressed as a percentage of the mean of Barra and Husky (100 = 6.3 t/ha @ 15% moisture).

20

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

SPRING

Spring Cereal Recommended Lists 2020

2020

SPRING BARLEY 2020 AGRONOMIC & QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS*

RECOMMENDED

RELATIVE YIELD ¨ STRAW HEIGHT (CM)

PROVISIONALLY RECOMMENDED

GANGWAY

RGT PLANET

SY ERRIGAL

LIMONA

PROSPECT

SY ARDERIN

98

102

101

96

100

100

69.3

70.1

68.2

69.3

67.8

66.5

STRENGTH OF STRAW

6

5

7

7

6

5

EARLINESS OF RIPENING

7

4

6

6

6

7

RESISTANCE TO: MILDEW

8

8

8

8

8

8

SEPTORIA SPP.

5

5

5

7

7

6

YELLOW RUST

6

5

7

5

5

6

SPROUTING

8

5

8

8

6

7

11.2

10.8

11.1

11.4

11.3

11.3

#

QUALITY: GRAIN PROTEIN CONTENT (%) HAGBERG FALLING NUMBER

47.2

50.0

49.6

46.6

46.3

51.0

1000 GRAIN WEIGHT (G)

68.3

66.5

65.9

67.1

66.2

66.3

HECTOLITRE WEIGHT (KG/HL)

1.8

1.6

1.6

3.0

2.3

1.3

HARDNESS INDEX

11.2

10.8

11.1

11.4

11.3

11.3

YEAR FIRST LISTED

2018

2017

2019

2018

2019

2019

§

* Based on trial results from 2017, 2018 and 2019. ¨ Yields are expressed as a percentage of the mean of RGT Planet and Gangway. (100= 7.3t/ha @ 15% moisture content).

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

21

AGROCHEMICAL OPTIONS - SPRING BARLEY 2020 BARLEY SPRING BARLEY - HERBICIDE OPTIONS (GS 13-31) PRODUCT

RATE (L/HA)

COMMENTS

Presite Max + Zypar

1 pack / (2 - 4/ha) + 0.65 - 1.0 L/ha

(Zypar = Boxer + Arylex mix) (Presite Max = Harmony Max).

Presite Max + Pixxaro

1 pack / (2 - 4/ha) + 0.375 - 0.5 L/ha

(Pixxaro = Hurler + Arylex mix) An excellent mix. Very good on Cleavers, Fumitory and Chickweed. Can be mixed with Wild Oat herbicide, aphicide and T1 fungicide

Presite Max + Galaxy

1 pack / (2 - 4/ha) + 0.65 - 1.0 L/ha

(Galaxy = Boxer + Hurler + Clopyralid mix) This mix is more suited to areas where resistant Corn Marigold is an issue. Rates depend on weed pressure at time of application. Max individual dose of Galaxy = 1.0 L/ha. For resistant Corn Marigold, mix with Gartrel @ 0.2 L/ha. Gartrel @ 0.2 L/ha = 40g/l Clopyralid.

Excellent mix and will control Cleavers, Chickweed and Speedwell. Presite Max can be swapped for Cameo Max where Fumitory is an issue.

Hiatus + Reaper / Hurler

1 pack / (3 - 5/ha) + 0.65 - 1.0 L/ha

(Hiatus = Calibre) Hiatus has a very broad weed range. Excellent on Vol Potatoes, Fumitory and Speedwell. Not effective on resistant Corn Marigold. Can be mixed with Wild Oat herbicide, aphicide and T1 fungicide. Do not use Hiatus on Oat.

Cameo Max + Reaper / Hurler

1 pack / (3 - 5/ha) + 0.65 - 1.0 L/ha

Weed spectrum narrower than the options above. Cameo Max has the advantage of controlling Fumitory but will not control resistant Corn Marigold and resistant Chickweed. Can be mixed with Wild Oat herbicide, aphicide and T1 fungicide.

An excellent mix which will take almost all weeds. Rate depends on weed pressure at time of application. Very good on Vol Beans. Can be mixed with Wild Oat herbicide, aphicide and T1 fungicide.

GENERAL COMMENTS 1. Herbicide can be included with T1 fungicide, Wild Oat Herbicide and Aphicide. Do not mix Wild Oat herbicides with any CMPP or MCPA type products.

Do not mix Wild Oat herbicide with Kinvara 2. Presite Max can be swapped for Cameo Max and vice versa.

3. Rates should be adjusted depending on weed pressures and conditions.

4. Trace elements can be included at this timing.

5. Delfan Plus or Phylgreen @ 1.0 L/ha - 2.0 L/ha should be considered to help reduce stress and aid recovery of crops.

SPRING BARLEY – WILD OAT OPTIONS (GS 13 – 39) PRODUCT

RATE (L/HA)

Axial Pro

0.5 - 0.82 L/ha

COMMENTS Axial Pro is the new formulation of Axial available for 2019. It is a pre-formulated mix containing Axial and Adigor. 0.30 L/ha old form of Axial = 0.6 L/ha Axial Pro. 0.25 L/ha old form of Axial = 0.5 L/ha Axial Pro. 0.20 L/ha old form of Axial = 0.4 L/ha Axial Pro. If using Axial Pro at 0.4 L/ha, Adigor must be included at 0.5 L/ha. Do not mix Axial Pro with MCPA or CMPP based products.0.82 L/ha rate required if targeting Canary Grass and Rye-Grass.

Foxtrot

0.68 - 1.0 L/ha

Foxtrot is the same formulation as Cheetah Extra. Foxtrot should be used as a standalone application and should not be used as part of a multi-product tank mix.

GENERAL COMMENTS 1. Wild Oat Herbicide can be included with T1 fungicide, Broad Leaf Herbicide and Aphicide.

2. Do not mix Axial Pro with MCPA and CMPP based products.

3. Axial Pro and Foxtrot are all cleared for use on winter & spring Barley and winter & spring Wheat.

4. Delfan Plus or Phylgreen @ 1.0 L/ha - 2.0 L/ha can be added to a combined T1 Fungicide, Herbicide, Wild Oat mix to reduce crop stress and help aid recovery.

22

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

SPRING

AGROCHEMICAL OPTIONS - SPRING BARLEY 2020 2020 BARLEY SPRING BARLEY - T1 FUNGICIDE OPTIONS PRODUCT

RATE (L/HA)

Decoy + Comet

0.4 - 0.5 + 0.4 - 0.5

COMMENTS Decoy / Comet mix = 5L Decoy in Can 1 and 5L Comet in Can 2.

Sold as one unit within the same box.

Decoy @ 0.4 L/ha = 50% Prothio. Comet @ 0.4 L/ha = 40% F500.

Corbel @ 0.5 L/ha = 50% Corbel A very robust option where Net Blotch and Ryncho are an issue.

Add Corbel if Mildew is an issue. Decoy is made from the very same formulation as Zephyr and Proline.

Zephyr +/Opera

0.5 - 0.75 +/0.5 - 0.75

Opera @ 0.5 L/ha = 20% Opus + 34% F500. Zephyr @ 0.5 L/ha = 44% Proline + 18% Twist. Note: 0.75 L/ha is the max label rate for Zephyr. A super option on all varieties with a high loading of Triazole and Strob.

Elatus Era

0.5 - 1.0

Elatus Era @ 0.75 L/ha = 56% Proline + 75% Solatenol.

Excellent option on Net Blotch and Ryncho. Performed well in 2018. Be conscious of SDHI loading throughout program.

Zephyr

0.75

Zephyr @ 0.75 L/ha = 66% Proline + 26% Twist.

Note: 0.75 L/ha is the max label rate for Zephyr.

Boogie

1.0 – 1.5

Boogie @ 1.0 L/ha = 66% Ptz + 66% Bixafen + 33% Spiroxamine Excellent option for Mildew prone varieties. High loading of Triazole and SDHI.

GENERAL COMMENTS 1. Rates should be adjusted depending on disease pressures and conditions.

2. T1 on spring Barley should be applied at GS 25-31 (1st node).

3. For Mildew control add Tern @ 0.3 - 0.5 L/ha.

4. For Mildew prevention add 0.15 - 0.25 L/ha Talius or 0.5 L/ha Flexity (will not control established Mildew).

5. Max overall total dose rate of Talius = 0.25 L/ha. Flexity can be used as an alternative at a rate of 0.5 L/ha for Mildew prevention.

Max overall total dose rate of Flexity = 1.0 L/ha.

SPRING BARLEY – APHICIDE OPTIONS ( GS 12 – 24) PRODUCT

RATE (L/HA)

Ninja/ Karis/ Karate/ Sparviero

50 mL/ha

COMMENTS Ninja / Karis / Karate / Sparviero = 100 g/l Lambda.

Aphicide should be applied to spring crops at the 2-3 leaf stage (GS 12 - 13) where the threat of BYDV is at its highest.

GENERAL COMMENTS 1. Same products and rates are all cleared for winter & spring Barley, winter & spring Wheat and winter & spring Oat.

The information provided is a guide only; always check product label before applying any pesticide.

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

23

AGROCHEMICAL OPTIONS - SPRING BARLEY 2020 BARLEY SPRING BARLEY - PGR OPTIONS (GS 30-39) A ROBUST PGR PROGRAM WILL BE ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT WITH VARIETIES LIKE PLANET AND LAUREATE PRODUCT

RATE (L/HA)

COMMENTS

GS 30 - 32 Moddus/Tempo/ Freeze +/Cecece 75% / Holdup

0.1 - 0.2 L/ha +/1 - 1.25 L/ha

Use 0.15 L/ha – 0.2 L/ha rate Moddus/Tempo @ GS 30/31. This is especially important for varieties like Planet and Laureate. Timing is critical for successful growth regulation. For tiller manipulation, CCC needs to be applied mid-tillering.

GS 29 - 41 Medax Max

0.2 - 0.32 Kg/ha

Medax Max @ 0.32 Kg/ha = 25g Moddus + 15g Prohexadione.

Works well in cool conditions.

GS 32 - 39 Terpal

0.8 - 1.0 L/ha

This should be considered as a final option. Optimum timing @ GS 32 - GS 37. Care needs to be taken when applying Terpal to spring Barley as it can be hard on the crop. Be very careful not to get caught with awns emerging.

GENERAL COMMENTS 1. Growth Regulation can be combined with the T1 Fungicide.

2. Be careful when mixing with Wild Oat Herbicides or BLW Herbicides as these can heat up mix.

3. Follow up PGR of Terpal / Medax Max, should be applied between growth stages 32 - 37 if lodging pressure high.

4. Max total dose of Medax Max on spring Barley = 0.75 Kg/ha up to GS 39.

5. Max total dose of Terpal on spring Barley = 1.5 L/ha up to GS 49. Be careful not to apply if awns emerging.

SPRING BARLEY - T2 FUNGICIDE OPTIONS PRODUCT

RATE (L/HA)

(Barley Pack Plus) Priaxor + Venture Extra

0.75 + 0.75

COMMENTS Barley Pack Plus = 5L Priaxor in Can 1 and 5L Venture Extra in Can 2. Sold in the same box as Barley Pack Plus.

Priaxor @ 0.75 L/ha = 45% Xenium + 56% F500.

Venture Extra @ 0.75 L/ha = 45% Opus + 45% Boscalid. Excellent all round fungicide with excellent straw characteristics. Added benefit of Boscalid. 15 acre - 20 acre pack, rate depending.

Ceriax

1.6 - 2.0

Ceriax @ 1.6 L/ha = 53% Opus + 53% Xenium + 53% F500. Very good on all diseases. Ideally suited to a T2 situation. Excellent straw characteristics.

Elatus Era

0.65 - 1.0

Elatus Era @ 1.0 L/ha = 75% Proline + 100% Solatenol. Strong and robust option on Ryncho.

Venture Extra

0.83 - 1.5

Venture Extra@ 0.83 L/ha = 50% Opus + 50% Boscalid. 1.0 L/ha would perhaps be a more sensible option. Only 2 SDHI’s permitted on Barley.

GENERAL COMMENTS 1. For Mildew control add Tern @ 0.3 – 0.5 L/ha. 15 metre buffer zone applies to Tern.

2. Max overall total dose rate of Talius = 0.25 L/ha. Flexity can be used as an alternative at a rate of 0.5 L/ha for Mildew prevention.

Max overall total dose rate of Flexity = 1.0 L/ha.

3. Be careful not to exceed max total overall doses of specific products throughout program.

4. Only 2 SDHI’s permitted on Barley. Only 2 applications of Strobs permitted on Barley.

5. Bravo/Avoca/CTL etc. should be included at T3 on all varieties to protect against Ramularia.

6. T2 on Spring Barley should be applied at GS 39 - 49 (awns emerging).

The information provided is a guide only; always check product label before applying any pesticide.

24

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

WILD OAT OPTIONS & APHICIDE OPTIONS - CEREALS OATS WILD OAT OPTIONS (GS 13-39) PRODUCT

RATE (L/HA)

Axial Pro

0.5 - 0.82 L/ha

COMMENTS Axial Pro is the new formulation of Axial available for 2019. It is a pre-formulated mix containing Axial and Adigor.

0.30 L/ha old form of Axial = 0.6 L/ha Axial Pro. 0.25 L/ha old form of Axial = 0.5 L/ha Axial Pro. 0.20 L/ha old form of Axial = 0.4 L/ha Axial Pro. If using Axial Pro at 0.4 L/ha, Adigor must be included at 0.5 L/ ha. Do not mix Axial Pro with MCPA or CMPP based products.

0.82 L/ha rate required if targeting Canary Grass and Rye-Grass.

Foxtrot

0.68 - 1.0 L/ha

Foxtrot is the same formulation as Cheetah Extra. Foxtrot should be used as a standalone application and should not be used as part of a multi-product tank mix.

GENERAL COMMENTS 1. Wild Oat Herbicide can be included with T1 fungicide, Broad Leaf Herbicide and Aphicide.

2. Do not mix Axial Pro with MCPA and CMPP based products.

3. Axial Pro and Foxtrot are all cleared for use on winter & spring Barley and winter & spring Wheat.

4. Delfan Plus or Phylgreen @ 1.0 L/ha - 2.0 L/ha can be added to a combined T1 Fungicide, Herbicide, Wild Oat mix to reduce crop stress and help aid recovery.

APHICIDE OPTIONS (GS 12-24) PRODUCT

RATE (L/HA)

Ninja/ Karis/ Karate/ Sparviero

50 mL/ha

Sumi-Alpha

0.165 - 0.2 L/ha (depending on timing and no. applications)

COMMENTS Ninja / Karis / Karate / Sparviero = 100 g/l Lambda.

Aphicide should be applied to spring crops at the 2-3 leaf stage (GS 12 - 13) where the threat of BYDV is at its highest.

Cleared for Wheat, Barley and Oat. Sumi-Alpha = 25 g/l Esfenvalerate. Aphicide should be applied to spring crops at the 2-3 leaf stage (GS 12-13) where the threat of BYDV is at its highest. Cleared for Wheat, Barley and Oat.

GENERAL COMMENTS 1. Same products and rates are all cleared for winter & spring Barley, winter & spring Wheat and winter & spring Oat.

The information provided is a guide only; always check product label before applying any pesticide.

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

25

PRODUCTS FOR DISEASE CONTROL IN TILLAGE CROPS PRODUCT

PCS NO.

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS

APPROVED CROPS

RATE/HA

MAX TOTAL DOSE

LATEST TIMING

ABRINGO

04239

Chlorothalonil 500 g/l

W, B, T, R

2.0 L/ha

4.0 L/ha

W - GS 71; B - GS 61

2 AVOCA

04458

Chlorothalonil 500 g/l

W, B, T, R

2.0 L/ha

4.0 L/ha

W - GS 71; B - GS 61

ADEXAR

04966

Epoxiconazole 62.5 g/l

W, B, O, R, T

2.0 L/ha

4.0 L/ha

W, R, T - GS 71; B, O - GS 61

W, B, O, OSR,

0.8 - 1 L/ha

Depends on crop see label

W - GS 71;

+ Fluxapyroxad 62.5 g/l AMISTAR

05072

Azoxystrobin 250 g/l

R, T, Peas, Carrots, Bns, Pot

B,O - GS 61. For others see label

ASCARA XPRO

05240

Bixafen 65 g/l + Fluopyram 65 g/l + Prothioconazole 130 g/l

W

1.5 L/ha

2 applications per crop

GS 61

AMISTAR OPTI

05068

Azoxystrobin 80 g/l + Chlorothalonil 400 g/l

W, B, R, T

1.25 - 2.5 L/ha

2.5 or 3.6 L/ha (see label)

W - Before GS 71;

L/ha

B - Before GS 61

BARCLAY BOLT XL

04102

Propiconazole 250 g/l

W, B, O, T, Grass, Beet

0.5 l/ha

0.5-1.0 l/ha

BONTIMA

05033

Isopyrazam 62.5 g/l + Cyprodinil 187.5 g/l

B

1.6 - 2.0 L/ha

4.0 L/ha

Before GS 61

BRAVO 500

03452

Chlorothalonil 500 g/l

W, B, T, R

1.0 - 2.0 L/ha

4.0 L/ha

W - Before GS 71; B - Before GS 61

CARAMBA

03954

Metconazole 60 g/l

W, B, R, T, OSR,

1.5 l/ha; OSR 1.2 l/ha

3.0 l/ha (OSR 2.4 l/ha)

GS 71; OSR 10% 0f pods at final size

CERIAX

04382

Epoxiconazole 41.6 g/l

B

3.0 L/ha

6.0 L/ha

GS 61 WB/SB,

+ Fluxapyroxad 41.6 g/l

GS 45 Malting Barley

+ Pyraclostrobin 66.6 g/l CIELEX

05352

Cyproconazole 60 g/l + Penthiopyrad 150 g/l

O

1.33 L/ha

1.33 L/ha

GS 59

COMET 200

03696

Pyraclostrobin 200g/l

W.B,O

1.25 L/ha

2 applications per crop

W - Before GS 71; B,0 - GS 59

CORBEL

90438

Fenpropimorph 750 g/l

W, B, O, R, T, Beet

1.0 l/ha

The information provided is a guide only; always check product label before applying any pesticide.

26

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

3 on winter cereals 2 on spring cereals

5 weeks pre harvest

PRODUCTS FOR DISEASE CONTROL - CONTINUED PRODUCT

PCS NO.

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS

APPROVED CROPS

RATE/HA

MAX TOTAL DOSE

LATEST TIMING

CURATOR

05069

Azoxystrobin 80 g/l + Chlorothalonil 400 g/l

W, B, T, R

1.25 - 2.5

W - Before GS 71;

L/ha

2.5 or 3.6 L/ha (see label)

B - Before GS 61

DITHANE DRY FLOWABLE

03707

Mancozeb 750 g/l

W, Pot

2.25 Kg/ha

See label

See label

ELATUS ERA

05379

Benzovindiflupyr 75 g/l

W, B, O, R, T

1.0 L/ha

1 application per crop

W, T, R - GS 69 B, O - GS 59

W,B,

0.75 L/ha +

0.75 L/ha (Elatus) 3 L/ha (Plexeo)

W - before GS 69,

1.5 L/ha

0.5 Kg/ha

1.0 kg/ha

GS 76; OSR 60%

Prothioconazole 150 g/l ELATUS PLUS PLEXEO 60

05380 + 05926

Benzovindiflupyr 100 g/l

B - before GS 59

+ Metconazole 60g/l FILAN

04325

Boscalid 500 g/l

OSR

pods at final size FIELDER SE

04251

Proquinazid 25 g/l + Chlorothalonil 500 g/l

W, B

2.0 l/ha

W - 2.0 l/ha; B - 2.0 l/ha

W - Before flowering; B Before first awns visible

FLEXITY

03225

Metrofenone 300 g/l

W, B, O, R, T

0.5 L/ha

1.0 L/ha

GS 61; Malting Barley - GS 49

GLEAM

04420

Epoxiconazole 37.5 g/l

W, B, R, T

3.0 L/ha

6.0 L/ha

W, R, T - GS 69; B - GS 59

W, B, O, Pot,

1.0 L/ha

2.0 L/ha

W, B, O -

+ Metconazole 27.5 g/l GLOBAZTAR

04859

Azozystrobin 250 g/l

Peas

Before GS 73

JENTON

02172

Fenpropimorph 375 g/l + Pyraclostrobin 100 g/l

W, B, O, R, T

2.0 l/ha

2 per crop

W - GS69; B, O GS59

JOULES

04784

Chlorothalonil 500 g/l

W, B, R, T

2.0 l/ha

4.0 l/ha

W - GS 71; B - GS 61

JUVENTUS

05780

Metconazole 90 g/l

W, B, R, T, OSR

1.0 L/ha; OSR 0.8 L/ha

2.0 L/ha; OSR

GS 71; OSR 10%

1.6 L/ha

of pods at final size GS 49

KAYAK

05476

Cyprodinil 300 g/l

B

1.5 L/ha

2 applications per crop

LATITUDE

02226

Silthiofam 125 g/l

W, B, T

Barley - 2.0 l/t Wheat - 3.0 l/t

Seed dressing

The information provided is a guide only; always check product label before applying any pesticide.

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

27

PRODUCTS FOR DISEASE CONTROL - CONTINUED PRODUCT

PCS NO.

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS

APPROVED CROPS

RATE/HA

MAX TOTAL DOSE

LATEST TIMING

LIBRAX

04968

Metconazole 45 g/l + Fluxapyroxad 62.5 g/l

W, B, T, R

2.0 L/ha

4.0 L/ha

GS 71

MAGNELLO

04118

Difenoconazole 100 g/l + Tebuconazole 250 g/l

WW, OSR

Wheat 1.0 L/ha OSR - 0.8 L/ha

Wheat 1.0 L/ha OSR - 1.6 L/ha

W - Before GS 71; OSR Before GS 59

MASTERCROP BARLEYPACK PLUS; PRIAXOR VENTURE EXTRA

05264 04447

Fluxapyroxad 75 g/l + Pyraclostrobin 150 g/l Boscalid 210 g/l + Epoxiconazole 75 g/l

B B

1.5 L/ha

2 applications per crop

GS - 71

OPERA

05190

Epoxiconazole 50 g/l + Pyraclostrobin 133 g/l

W, B, O, Maize, Beet

1.5 L/ha W, B, O 1.0 L/ha Maize, Beet

3.0 L/ha W, B, O, 1.5 L/ha Maize, 2.0 L/ ha Beet

B, O - GS 59; W- GS 71; Maize - GS 65; Beet - 6 weeks before harvest

PENNCOZEB WDG

03608

Mancozeb 750 g/kg

W, Pot, Other

2.1 Kg/ha

Depends on crop see label

See label

PHOENIX

04453

Folpet 500g/l

W, B, T

1.5 L/ha

3.0 L/ha

GS 59

PROLINE

03786

Propiconazole 250 g/l

W, B, O, OSR

Cereals 0.6 0.8 L/ha OSR 0.7 L/ha

W - 2.4 L/ha; B O - 1.6 L/ha; OSR 1.4 L/ha

W - GS 71; B - GS 61

PROSARO

4641

Prothioconazole 125 g/l + Tebuconazole 125 g/l

W, B, O, R, T, OSR

0.9 - 1.2 L/ha

W - 3.6 L/ha; B - 2.4 L/ha; O OSR 2.O L/ha

W - GS 71; B - GS 61

RIZA

02429

Tebuconazole 250 g/l

W, B, O, OSR, Bns, Veg

1.0 L/ha

Cereals & beans 2.0 L/ha; OSR 2.5 L/ha; Lin 1.0 L/ha; Veg 3.0 L/ha

See label

ROVER 500

04467

Chlorothalonil 500 g/l

W, B, T, Bns

2.0 L/ha

4.0 L/ha

W, T - GS 71; B - GS 61

RUBRIC

04444

Epoxiconazole 125 g/l

W, B, O, R, T

1.0 L/ha

2.0 L/ha

GS 61

SCORE 250 EC

04566

Difenoconazole 250 g/l

OSR (see label for other crops)

0.3 - 0.5 L/ha

1 L/ha

OSR Before GS 69

SIGNUM

03799

Boscalid 26.7 g/kg + Pyraclostrobin 6.7 g/kg

Veg, Bns

1.0 - 1.8 Kg/ha depending on crop

See label

See label

SILTRA XPRO

05257

Bixafen 60 g/l + Prothioconazole 200 g/l

B, O

0.6 - 1.0 L/ha

2.0 L/ha

GS 61

TALIUS

04604

Proquinazid 200 g/l

W, B, O, R, T

0.15 - 0.25 L/ha

0.25 L/ha

W - GS 65; B, O, R, T - GS 49

TERN 750 EC

04305

Fenpropidin 750 g/l

W, B, O

0.5 L/ha

1.0 L/ha

Before GS 61

TOCATA

03301

Epoxiconazole 62.5 g/l + Metrofenone 75 g/l + Fenpropimorph 200 g/l

W, B, O, R, T

2.0 L/ha

4.0 L/ha

See label

TOPREX

05206

Difenoconazole 250 g/l + Paclobutrazol 125 g/l

WOSR

0.35 L/ha

0.35L/ha

GS 55

TREORIS

05310

Penthiopyrad 100 g/l + Chlorothalonil 250 g/l (SC)

W, B, T, R

2.5 L/ha

5.0 L/ha

W GS 71; B GS 61

UNIPRO CTL

05944

500 g/l Chlorothalonil

W, B, T, R

2.0 L/ha

4.0 L/ha

W,R,T GS 71; B GS 61

VENTURE EXTRA

04447

Boscalid 210 g/l + Epoxiconazole 75 g/l

W, B, O, R, T

1.5 L/ha

3.0 L/ha

W - GS 69; B, O - GS 59

WINGER

05807

Fenpropidin 750 g/l

W, B, O

0.5 L/ha

1.0 L/ha

Before GS 61

ZEPHYR

03792

Prothioconazole 175 g/l + trifloxystrobin 88 g/l

B

0.75 L/ha

1.5 L/ha

GS 61

ZOXIS

05348

Azoxystrobin 250 g/l

W, B, O, R, T, Pot, Carrots

0.8 - 1.0 L/ha

Depends on crop see label

W, B, O - GS 71; Others check label

1.5 L/ha

The information provided is a guide only; always check product label before applying any pesticide.

28

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

GS - 59

2 applications per crop

SPRING

PRODUCTS FOR DISEASE CONTROL - CONTINUED 2020

IFI TOPPER N-SURE RANGE Protected urea with Limus®

Topper N-Sure: 46% N Super Topper N-Sure: 38% N, 7.5% S ® Limus Topper Boost N-Sure: 29%N, 0%P, 14% K, 3.8%S

Palmerstown, Kilkenny

Herbicides for use in Cereal Crops BROAD-LEAVED WEED CONTROL AND WILD OAT PRODUCT

PCS NO.

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS

APPROVED CROPS

TIMING

RATE/HA

COMMENTS

ALISTER FLEX

05183

120 g/l Diflufenican,

Winter Wheat Only

Up until GS 29

1.0 L/ha

New formulation, improved activity on broad-leaved weeds (BLW), good on grass weeds and Wild Oat.

Wheat,

Wheat and Barley GS 12

0.75 L/ha

Oat, Barley

-3 9; Oat GS

Very good on Cleavers, Vol. Potato, a good follow up

9 g/l Mesosulfuronmethyl, 7.5 g/l Iodosulfuronmethyl-sodium BARCLAY HURLER CROPLINK REAPER

02905

BROADWAY STAR

05582

7.1% w/w Pyroxsulam, 7.1% Cloquintocetmexyl, 1.4% w/w Florasulam

Winter Wheat Only

GS 11 - 32

265 g/ha (pack/4ha)

Very good on Bromes, Wild Oat and grass weeds. Does not control AMG. Controls a wide range of BLW.

BULLDOG

05651

313 g/l Pendimethalin,

W&S Wheat,

15.6 g/l Diflufenican

W&S Barley,

Winter Cereals; pre-em to

4.2 L/ha max total dose rate

Good spectrum of weed control, incl AMG and Poppy. For best results, apply pre-em.

DEFY ROXY

200 g/l Fluroxypyr

05842

for S.U Resistant Chickweed.

12 - 31

04277

800 g/l Prosulfocarb

05739

DIFLANIL 500, STRIDE DFF, HURICANE

04358

DUPLOSAN KV

02842

W Triticale

GS 29 spring Cereals; pre-em only

W Wheat,

Up until GS 21

2.0 L/ha

Apply with DFF (0.1 L/ha) for best results. Use as a pre-em on winter Barley.

Up until GS 30

0.25 L/ha

BLW only.

No Grassweed control.

W Barley

500 g/l Diflufenican

W&S Wheat,

05000

W&S Barley,

0.125 L/ha

04357

W&S Oat

S Barley

600 g/l Mecoprop-P

Wheat,

Winter GS 12-

Barley,

32, spring GS

Winter

12-30

1.5 L/ha with SU partner

Soil temperature above 8°C for best results.

Very good residual activity on AMG and grass weeds.

Oat FIREBIRD NAVIGATE

04221

400 g /l Flufenacet, 200 g/l Diflufenican

W Wheat,

B GS 23,

0.3 L/ha,

05667

W Barley

W GS 24

0.6 L/ha max total

FENCE

05873

480 g/l Flufenecat

W Wheat,

Up until GS 22

0.5 L/ha

Very good residual activity on AMG and grass weeds.

Up until GS 30

4.0 L/ha

Best results when applied pre-emergence.

GS 13 - 39

1.0 L/ha max rate,

Very good on Resistant Chickweed, Marigold and Thistles.

W Barley FLIGHT

GALAXY

GARTREL

02524

05473

05583

330 g/l Pendimethalin,

W Wheat,

7.5 g/l Picolinafen

W Barley

100 g/l Fluroxypyr,

Wheat,

2.5 g/l Florasulam, 80 g/l Clopyralid

Oat,

300 g/l Clopyralid,

Wheat, Oat, Barley,

25 g/l Florasulam

Triticale, Rye

0.75 L/ha SU mixer rate

Barley GS 13 - 39

The information provided is a guide only; always check product label before applying any pesticide.

30

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

0.2 L/ha max rate

Ideal to partner with Galaxy when targeting resistant Corn Marigold.

SPRING

Herbicides for use in Cereal Crops

2020

BROAD-LEAVED WEED CONTROL AND WILD OAT - continued PRODUCT

PCS NO.

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS

APPROVED CROPS

TIMING

RATE/HA

COMMENTS

LECTOR

04818

50 g/l Florasulam

Wheat, Oat, Barley, Triticale

GS 13 - 39

150 mL/ha Max Rate

Useful for early season clean up of BLW such as vol.

Beans, Vol. OSR in winter cereals.

MASTERCROP MCPA 50 NU 46

05510 05501

500 g/l MCPA

Wheat, Oat, Barley

GS 15 - 31

2.0 L/ha SU mixer rate

Good tank mix partner with S.U.

MONOLITH

05868

45 g/kg Mesosulfuronmethyl

Winter Wheat, Triticale, Rye

Up until GS 33

0.2 - 0.33

Good on Bromes, Wild Oat and grass weeds.

Kg/ha

67.5 g/kg Propoxycarbazonesodium MOST MICRO

04837

365 g/l Pendimethalin

W Wheat, W Barley, S Barley, Triticale

Until GS 30 of crop but ideal to apply pre-em

3.6 L/ha max total dose rate

For best results, Most Micro should be applied pre-em.

PACIFICA PLUS

05537

30 g/kg Mesosulfuronmethyl, 10 g/kg Iodosulfuron-methylsodium, 50 g/kg Amidosulfuron

Winter Wheat only

1st Feb to GS 39

300 - 500

Good on Bromes, Wild Oat and grass weeds. New formulation has good activity on Cleavers.

280 g/l Fluroxypyr

W&S Wheat, W&S Barley

PIXXARO

05525

12 g/l Halauxifenmethyl

PONTOS

05434

240 g/l Flufenacat 100 g/l Picolinafen

g/ha

GS 13 - 45

0.5 L/ha

Good control of Fat Hen, Poppy, Fumitory, Cleavers and Chickweed. Not cleared on Oat. Can be used in cold temps.

W Wheat, W Barley, W Rye,

Up until GS 30 (Lower Rate)

1.0 L/ha Pre-em 0.5 L/ha Post- em until GS 30

Best used pre-emergence, good activity on AMG and BLW.

W Triticale TOWER

05425

40 g/l Diflufenican, 300 g/l Pendimethalin 250 g/l Chlorotoluron

W&S Wheat, W&S Barley,

Up until GS 30

2.0 l/ha

Good residual activity on AMG and BLW.

ZYPAR

05800

6.25 g/l Halauxifenmethyl

Wheat, Barley, Rye, Triticale

Up until GS 45

1.0 L/ha

Useful option for BLW clean up in winter cereals or BLW control in spring crops. Can be used in cold temps.

Wheat, Oat, Barley

GS 12/13 - 39

42 g/ha (pack/2ha)

100% Ally + 40% Cameo.

Wheat, Oat, Barley

GS 13 - 39

45 g/ha (pack/3ha)

83% Ally + 66% Cameo. Add CMPP for Fumitory and Fat hen.

5 g/l Florasulam

ALLY MAX SX

03435

143 g/kg Metsulfuronmethyl, 143 g/kg Tribenuron-methyl

BIPLAY SX

03434

111 g/kg Metsulfuronmethyl, 222g/kg Tribenuron- methyl

The information provided is a guide only; always check product label before applying any pesticide.

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

31

Herbicides for use in Cereal Crops BROAD-LEAVED WEED CONTROL AND WILD OAT - continued PRODUCT

PCS NO.

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS

APPROVED CROPS

TIMING

RATE/HA

COMMENTS

CAMEO MAX SX

03135

250 g/kg Tribenuronmethyl, 250 g/kg Thifensulfuron-methyl

Wheat, Oat, Barley

GS 13 - 39

60 g/ha (pack/3ha)

100% Cameo +38% Harmony. Wide spectrum, good on Fumitory.

PRESITE MAX SX HARMONY MAX SX

04342

429 g/kg Thifensulfuronmethyl & 29 g/kg Metsulfuron- methyl

Wheat, Barley

GS 13 - 39

140 g/ha

Wide BLW spectrum, good on Knotgrass.

HIATUS

06322

400 g/kg Thifensulfuron-metyl & 150 g/kg Tribenuronmethyl

Wheat, Barley, Rye, Triticale

Up until GS 39

100 g/ha (pack/5ha)

Good on advanced weeds. Useful on Fumitory, Grounsel, Vol OSR, Bindweed, Cleavers.

02883

Same as Calibre.

THOR

03991

500 g/kg Tribenuron- methyl

Wheat, Barley, Oat, Rye, Triticale

Up until GS 39

PRODUCT

PCS NO.

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS

APPROVED CROPS

TIMING

RATE/HA

COMMENTS

AXIAL PRO

06258

Pinoxaden 55 g/l

W&S Wheat, W&S Barley

gs12-41

0.6 L/ha for Wild Oat. Can be mixed with SU’s when used at 0.6 L/ha

Also controls Ryegrass and Canary grass. Check label rates for these.

Do not mix hormone herbicides.

A 21 day interval must be left between application of hormones and/or SUs and the following application of Axial PRO.

FOXTROT EW

03858

69 g/l

W&S Wheat, W&S Barley

From emergence to flag leaf fully emerged GS 39

0.68 - 1.2 L/ha.

Use higher rate as growth stage of Wild Oat advances

Also controls Rough-Stalked Meadowgrass and awned canary grass. Foxtrot should be applied on its own.

Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl

30 g/kg

The information provided is a guide only; always check product label before applying any pesticide.

32

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

100% Cameo. Useful for Grounsel, Charlock, Vol OSR.

Mastercrop Premium Fertilisers PRODUCT LIST N

P

K

S

NA

SE

OTHER

GRAINMASTER

10.0

8.0

21.0

3.0

WT Mn

OATMASTER

10.0

5.0

23.0

3.0

WT Mn

BARLEYMASTER

10.0

4.0

26.0

3.0

WT Mg

GEN CEREALMASTER

13.0

5.0

25.0

3.0

MASTER BOOSTER

24.0

5.0

5.0

WT Mn, Cu, Zn

YIELDMASTER

26.0

4.0

WT Mg

PK MASTER

7.0

27.0

PK MASTER PLUS

6.0

26.0

5.0

Ca, Mg, WT Mn

BEAN 1

6.0

26.0

5.0

Ca, Mg, WT Mn

BEAN 2

8.0

21.0

5.0

WT B, Ca, Mg

11.6

19.2

Ca, Mg

POLYSULPHATE

WT Mn

CEREAL PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS PRODUCT

PCS NO.

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS

APPROVED CROPS

TIMING

RATE/HA

COMMENTS

CECECE 750, HOLDUP

04736 04743

750 g/l Chlormequat Chloride

W Wheat S Wheat W & S Oats W Barley S Barley

gs 23-31 gs 23-31 gs 32 gs 22-30 gs 25-30

2.0 l/ha 1.75 l/ha 2.0 l/ha 2.0 l/ha 2.0 l/ha

Apply above 8°C. Where temperatures are below 8°C, include a penetrant oil. Apply CeCeCe to increase tillering during early growth stages. Add a non-ionic wetter at 0.025% spray volume for Oats.

CERAIDE

04741

620 g/l Chlormequat Chloride + metabolic adjuvants

W Wheat S Wheat W Barley S Barley S & W Oats

up to gs 39 up to gs 39 up to gs 39 up to gs 14 up to gs 39

1.8 l/ha 0.9 l/ha 2.3 l/ha 1.25 l/ha 2.3 l/ha

Two applications of 1.15 l/ha can be made on Oats but only one application of 1.4 l/ha.

K2

04742

620 g/l Chlormequat + metabolic adjuvants

W Wheat S Wheat W Barley S Barley S & W Oats

up to gs 39 up to gs 39 up to gs 39 up to gs 14 up to gs 39

1.8 l/ha 0.9 l/ha 2.3 l/ha 1.25 l/ha 2.3 l/ha

No need to include adjuvant. Do not mix with carfentrazone products.

MEDAX MAX

05507

50 g/kg Prohexadione + 75 g/kg Trinexapacethyl

W&S Wheat W&S Barley W & S Oats Rye Triticale

Winter Crops gs 29-49 (except oats) Spring Crops and Oats gs 29-39

Depends on crop, timing and if mixed with CeCeCe. See label

Best results on actively growing crop.

Do not tank mix with herbicides on oats.

METEOR

03849, 05601,

250 g/l Trinexapacethyl

W Wheat S Wheat W Barley S Barley W & S Oats

gs 30-39 gs 30-31 gs 30-39 gs 30-32 gs 30-31

0.4 l/ha 0.4 l/ha 0.4 - 0.6 l/ha 0.3 l/ha 0.4 l/ha

Typical Moddus mix is 0.2 l/ha Moddus + 1.0 l/ha CCC75%.

MODDUS, TEMPO

04704

175 g/l Trinexapac ethyl

W Barley S Barley W Wheat W&S Oats

gs 30-32 gs 30-32 gs 30-39 gs 30-31

0.6 l/ha 0.7 l/ha 0.6 l/ha 0.6 l/ha

Can also be used on Winter Barley at 0.9l/ha between gs37-39 provided no other application has been made.

OPTIMUS

04814

480 g/l 2-Chloroethylphosphonic acid)

W Barley S Barley W Wheat

gs 32-39 gs 32-49 gs 37-45

1.0 l/ha 0.5 l/ha 0.75 l/ha

Do not apply to crop if under stress, especially spring barley which may develop secondary tillers.

PADAWAN

03933

480 g/l 2-Chloroethylphosphonic acid)

W Barley W Wheat

gs 32-49 gs 37-47 (Optimum timing is gs 37 for Wheat and gs 37 for Barley)

1.0 l/ha 0.75 l/ha

Add Cerone to tank last in spray mixes.

Do not spray crops where the leaf sheaths have split and ears are visible.

Do not apply to crop if under severe stress. Do not apply Cerone to straw destined for the mushroom trade.

CERONE

04419

155 g/l 2-Chloroethylphosphonic acid, 305 g/l Mepiquat Chloride.

W Wheat S Wheat W Barley S Barley

gs 32-39 gs 32-39 gs 32-39 gs 32-39 (Optimum timing is gs32-37)

2.0 l/ha 1.5 l/ha 2.0 l/ha 1.5 l/ha

In Wheat, after previous application of CeCeCe, apply Terpal at a rate of 0.751.5 l/ha. Applications of Terpal at the later stage up to first awn emergence, should be made in W Barley with only 1.5 l/ha of Terpal. Add Terpal to tank first in spray mixes. Do not apply Terpal to straw destined for the mushroom trade.

TERPAL

04419

155 g/l

W Wheat, S Wheat, W Barley, S Barley

GS 32 - 39 GS 32 - 39 GS 32 - 39 GS 32 - 39 (Optimum timing is GS 32 - 37)

2.0 L/ha 1.5 L/ha 2.0 L/ha 1.5 L/ha

In Wheat, after previous application of CeCeCe, apply Terpal at a rate of 0.75 - 1.5 L/ha. Applications of Terpal at the later stage up to first awn emergence, should be made in W Barley with only 1.5 L/ha of Terpal. Add Terpal to tank first in spray mixes. Do not apply Terpal to straw destined for the mushroom trade.

2-Chloroethylphosphonic acid, 305 g/l Mepiquat Chloride

The information provided is a guide only; always check product label before applying any pesticide.

34

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

INSECTICIDES FOR PEST CONTROL IN CEREAL CROPS PRODUCT

PCS NO.

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS

APPROVED CROPS

TIMING

RATE/HA

COMMENTS

DECIS PROTECH EC

02693

25 g/l Deltamethrin

Wheat, Oat, Barley

Up until ] GS 83

0.17 - 0.2 L/ha

Can be used right up to harvest.

SUMI-ALPHA

02334

25 g/l Esfenvalerate

Wheat, Oat, Barley

Up to 31st March or GS 73/77

0.165 - 0.2 L/ha (depends on timing)

Latest application timing depends on “winter use” or “summer use” and whether crop is winter or spring. Check label for exact details.

NINJA KARATE ZEON SPARVIERO KARIS 10 CS

05178

100 g/l Lambdacyhalothrin

Wheat, Oat, Barley

Up until GS 77 on Wheat and Barley.

Up until GS 71 on Oat

50 mL/ha

Maximum of 4 applications per crop (200 mL/ha).

04084 04469 04454

IRONMAX PRO

06513

24.2 g/kg Ferric Phosphate

All Crops

When infestation visible or expected.

7 kg/ha.

Maximum total dose of 28 kg/ ha.

Check label for different crops

METAREX INVO

04852

4% Metaldehyde

All crops (see label)

Cereals: before GS 29 OSR: before GS 17

5 Kg/ha.

Maximum total dose of 17.5 Kg/ha

Latest time of application for potatoes is 7 days before harvest.

LIMA GOLD

04961

5% Metaldehyde

All crops (see label)

Cereals before GS 29 OSR: before GS 29

4 Kg/ha.

Maximum total dose of 12.0 Kg/ha

SLUXX HP

05557

29.7 g/kg Ferric Phosphate

All crops

When infestation visible or expected

7 Kg/ha.

Maximum total dose of 28 Kg/ha

The information provided is a guide only; always check product label before applying any pesticide.

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

35

Written by Jayne Smyth

The benefits of late potash application in cereal crops

Potassium (K) is one of 17 essential nutrients required for plant growth and reproduction. It is classified as a macronutrient, as are nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P).

Potassium is essential in nearly all processes needed to sustain plant growth and reproduction. Plants deficient in potassium are less resistant to drought, excess water, and high and low temperatures. They are also less resistant to pests, diseases and nematode attacks. Because potassium improves the overall health of growing plants and helps them fight against disease, it is known as the “quality” nutrient. Potassium affects quality factors such as size, shape, colour and vigor of the seed or grain.

Potassium increases crop yields because it: •

Increases root growth and improves drought tolerance

•

Builds cellulose and reduces lodging

•

Activates at least 60 enzymes involved in growth

•

Aids in photosynthesis and food formation

•

Helps translocate sugars and starches

•

Produces grains rich in starch

•

Increases protein content of plants

•

Helps retard the spread of crop diseases and nematodes.

Potassium Deficiency Symptoms

Scorching appears on the outer edge of the leaf, while the midrib remains green. There may be some yellow striping on lower leaves. Poor root development, defective nodal tissues, unfilled, chaffy ears, and stalk lodging are other symptoms in cereals.

•

Potassium is a highly mobile element in the plant and is translocated from the older to younger tissue.

Consequently, potassium deficiency symptoms usually occur first on the lower leaves of the plant, and progress toward the top as the severity of the deficiency increases. One of the most common signs of potassium deficiency is the yellow scorching along the leaf margin.

•

Potassium-deficient crops grow slowly and have poorly developed root systems. Stalks are weak, and lodging of cereal crops such as corn and small grain is common.

Peak potash uptake with cereals

36

Peak potash uptake with cereals occurs around late flowering stage. Peak uptake of potash is much greater than offtake at harvest. If this peak requirement is not available, grain number and grain fill will be affected thus prejudicing both yield and quality. This is a key reason for maintaining the adequate soil reserves which can supply these peak amounts more reliably than fresh fertiliser applications. After flowering, potash is redistributed around the plant with a general reduction from leaves to grain and stem bases. Potash is also returned to the soil with the senescence and shedding of older leaves. The rate at which this potash redistribution process occurs varies widely with different seasons and affects potash levels in the straw.

The most reliable way to do this is through a soil test once every 3 to 5 years. There are four soil indexes with Index 1 soils deficit in P & K and Index 4 soils very fertile.

To determine how much P and K to apply you first must test the soil and find out the soil P and K index. This will allow you to calculate the amounts of P and K required.

Index 4 (sufficient) – No additional P and K is required to grow a satisfactory crop.

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

The P and K indices can be interpreted as follows: Index 1 (very low) – The soil is deficit. There will be a definite response to applied P and K. Index 2 (low) – Extra P and K required, over and above the quantity the crop is likely to remove.

Index 3 (medium) – This is the optimum soil P and K index. A maintenance dressing of P and K is required to replace the nutrients removed by the crop.

SPRING

Timing of P and K applications The timing of P and K will depend on the soils fertility status. Index 1 soils (very low), the P and K should be combine drilled / board cast before sowing and incorporated at sowing time. This is beneficial as sufficient P and K is required in the seedbed in the early stages of development (rooting & tillering) in cereal crops. On index 2 (low) and 3 (medium) soils P and K can be applied at sowing or as a fertiliser compound (N, P, K) with the 1st N split in early springtime.

2020

On K – fixing soils (soils that don’t release soil K and fix applied K) it is recommended to apply K close to when the crop requires it. Apply K in the springtime along with the N applications. It can be very difficult to build up soil K levels on these soils therefore apply maintenance levels to meet annual crop requirements.

Table 1 below shows off takes of P and K in cereal crops. These values are off takes per tonne of grain yield but include the nutrient value of straw where applicable. P and K applications should take account of crop yields and nutrient removed in straw.

TABLE 1: P AND K OFF TAKES IN CEREAL CROPS (KG/HA) PER TONNE OF GRAIN YIELD

CROP TYPE TARGET PLANTS M²

STRAW REMOVED

STRAW NOT REMOVED

P

K

P

K

WINTER WHEAT / BARLEY

3.8

9.8

3.4

4.7

SPRING WHEAT / BARLEY

3.8

11.4

3.4

4.7

OATS

3.8

14.4

3.4

4.7

TABLE 2:- SOIL K INDEX AND NUTRIENT ADVICE FOR SPRING CEREALS WHERE THE STRAW IS REMOVED (KG/HA)

SOIL K INDEX

SOIL K TEST RESULT (MG/L)

6.5 T/HA

7.5 T/HA

8.5 T/HA

1

0-50

105

120

125

2

51-100

90

105

110

3

101-150

75

90

95

4

>150

0

0

0

1.

K rates based on: Spring barley 6.5t/ha, Spring wheat 4.5t/ha, Spring oats 6.5t/ha

2. For Wheat & barely crops; increase or decrease K rate by 10kg/ha per tonne increase or decrease in grain yield 3. For Oat crops; increase or decrease K rate by 15kg/ha per tonne increase or decrease in grain yield.

Summary For cereal crops the timing of application will depend on crop type for example winter or spring cropping.

For winter cereals on very low to low K index soils it is recommended to apply a portion of the crops K requirements and incorporate at sowing time for example ~30% of recommended rate. The remaining crop K requirements can be top dressed in early spring to coincide with N, P, K & S applications. On Index 3 soils

K can be applied at time during the growing season ideally with the 1st application of fertilizers in spring time.

For spring crops it is recommended to apply all crop K requirements at sowing time and incorporate into the seedbed. On index 4 soils it is recommended to omit K applications for 1 year and revert back to K index 3 requirements until the next soil sample.

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

37

GLANBIA SUPPORT FOR GRAIN GROWERS Written by Donal Moloney

FORWARD SELLING OF GRAIN – DON’T MISS AN OPPORTUNITY! Forward selling of grain is a perennial subject of discussion.

A significant number of growers now see it as a consistent way of managing risk and locking in a profit on some portion of their crop at least. However, many growers still see forward selling as a something of a gamble, afraid of losing out if prices were to rise after any forward deal was done. In reality though, selling all their grain at harvest is generally a bigger gamble for any individual grower, as history shows that prices are most often at their lowest during the harvest. This is borne out by the graph in Figure 1 below, showing the MATIF wheat index from 2015 to 2020. Only in years when there is a severe disruption to grain production caused by drought, excess rainfall, etc; are prices likely to rise through harvest, as was the case in 2018. In the majority of years, a plentiful supply of grain forces prices down as handling and storage capacity come under pressure and buyers rather than sellers are in control of the market.

Figure 1 – December MATIF Wheat price (2015 to 2020)

Table 1 – Comparison of Average Forward Selling Price vs.

Harvest Price (Glanbia Green Feed Barley) YEAR

AVERAGE FORWARD SALE PRICE

HARVEST PRICE

DIFFERENTIAL

2014

148

130

+18

2015

142

130

+12

2016

138

122

+16

2017

132

133

+1

2018

147

193

-46

2019

154

128

+26

AVERAGE

144

139

+5

In any particular harvest year, there are generally some opportunities for forward selling in advance of harvest. Any disruption to supply, either perceived or real, is likely to cause a positive market reaction, resulting in a “spike” in price.

Generally, these spike are short-lived and growers must be ready to take advantage of them, if and when they arise. Some key pieces of information that every grower should be aware of in relation to making a decision on forward selling are as follows: 1. Know the cost of production for every crop grown on farm.

This will allow the grower to know what price is needed to break even at average yields. If this price is available, then the grower can decide, based on market and crop outlook whether they should sell or hold. Recent experiences have shown that it has generally been sensible to sell some portion of the crop once break-even price is achievable, particularly for growers with large volumes.

2. Do not wait for “benchmark” prices. Many growers have missed €148/t while waiting for €150/t and ended up selling at a significantly lower price. If a price looks reasonable, sell some portion of the crop; if the price continues to rise, sell another portion.

Further evidence of the benefits of forward selling is demonstrated in Table 1 below, which shows the average price achieved by Glanbia growers for forward sales of green feed barley compared to the announced Glanbia harvest price for the same crop over the past six years. While the overall difference across this period might look small at €5 per tonne, it is important to focus on the fact that forward selling returned a positive benefit in five out of the six years; it is worth noting also that in 2018, the quantity of grain forward sold was very small as it became obvious several months in advance of harvest that global grain production was going to be much reduced (due to a European drought) and that prices would rise significantly into harvest.

3. Spread sales across the growing season. It is the average price achieved for grain that counts at the end of the crop year rather than the price in any individual sale. By selling a number of times rather than guessing that a market may have peaked at a particular point in time, the average price is more likely to be higher. If a price looks particularly attractive, a grower may decide to sell a larger portion of their crop.

4. Sell and move on! Once the grower believes that they are making the right decision at the time of any sale, then it remains the right decision, regardless of what happens later.

Glanbia will continue to send out text messages with green price offers, at least once per week, up to the beginning of harvest. If you are not already availing of this service and wish to do so, please contact your business manager.

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GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

Your Local Glanbia Ireland Agronomist

Head of Grains & JV’s

Grain Manager

John Kealy

Donal Moloney – 087 2530566

South Kildare

North Wexford/Wicklow

Sean Boland – 087 2273885

Carlow

Barry Purcell – 087 6668879

North East

Jayne Smyth – 087 9487460

Tom Hession – 086 0285412

North Kildare

Peter O’Grady – 087 2527045

Tipperary/Cork

David Quinlan – 086 0213200

AUTUMN

2019

Agronomy Manager

David Cooney – 086 0404638

Kilkenny

James Hickey – 087 7525138

South Wexford

Ed Prendergast – 087 2568967

Laois/Offaly

Tim Scott – 087 7553410

GLANBIA IRELAND AGRONOMY UPDATE

39

Glanbia Ireland Purcellsinch Industrial Estate, Kilkenny, R95 E70V, Ireland.

LoCall 1890 321 321 Email agricsc@glanbia.ie

www.glanbiaconnect.com