305 PCS 10+ 10+ #1204RR INVENTING CAN BE LEARNEDINVENTING CAN BE LEARNED EXPERIMENTS INCLUDED EXPERIMENTS INCLUDED20 20
INVENTING CAN BE LEARNED
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Using Gigo’s building block construction-based curriculum, every class has a readyto-assemble model, and includes time designated to promote individual creativity. Boosts thinking outside-the-box of the traditional educational framework by learning innovation through play! We are all innately good at something, so we should take into account both individual development and the ability to work as part of a team.
Experiment using Gigo’s building blocks, which can be used over and over again, saving both time and effort.
Gigo Learning Lab’s complete series includes individual packages and school sets. The special features of Gigo’s Learning Lab are as follows: We hope that kids can enthusiastically learn scientific knowledge through fun hands-on experience, developing their problem-solving abilities, as well as a positive attitude towards science. Our mission is to help children apply their newfound knowledge to daily life, furthering their innovational skills and abilities.
5.4.3.2.1.
Course levels are designed from elementary to challenging, combining a life sciencebased curriculum with applications from daily life.
2 5. Monograph 1 6. Whale 9. 10.HelicoptersMonograph 2 19. Robotic Arm 20. Monograph 4 18. Gun Turret 17. Automated Steering 16. Lever Crossing 15. Monograph 3 14. Cuckoo Clock 13. Automatic Door 12. Lift-up Garage Door 11. Firefly 7. Flying Birds 8. Aircraft 2. Seesaw 3. Lifting Platform 4. Walking Robot 1. PrefaceIndexSafetySwingInformation–Gigo’sEducational Precepts 1 595141 15 71 23 79 31 1059589 32 5345 13 65 19 77 27 85 3733 Parts IntroductionList to S4A Enter the world of programming blocks 75 Index
Safety for Experiments with Batteries
Non-rechargeable batteries are not to be recharged. They could explode! Rechargeable batteries are only to be charged under adult supervision. Rechargeable batteries must be removed from the device before being charged. Exhausted batteries are to be removed from the toy. Dispose of used batteries in accordance with environmental provisions, not in the household Betrash.sure not to bring batteries into contact with coins, keys, or other metal objects. Avoid deforming the batteries. As all of the experiments use batteries, have an adult check the experiments or models before use to make sure they are assembled properly. Always operate the motorized models under adult supervision. After you are done experimenting, remove the batteries from the battery compartments. Note the safety information accompanying the individual experiments or models!
3 Safety Information
Dear Parents and Supervising Adults,
Before beginning these experiments, read through the instruction manual together with your child and discuss the safety information. Keep the packaging and instructions as they contain important information. Ensure the models have been assembled correctly, and assist your child with the experiments. Only for use by children aged 10 years and older. This product can help children explore and understand circuits and electromagnetism in models and Beforedevices.starting to assemble a model, please tell your children some precautions for using Doelectricity.notinsert wires or other accessories into a household mains power outlet, this is extremely dangerous. This product is only suitable for use with AA batteries (1.5-Volt, AA /LR6).
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙
No wires should be put in household electrical outlets. Never perform experiments using household current! The high voltage can be extremely dangerous or fatal! To operate the models, you will need six AA batteries (1.5-volt, type AA/LR6) or six AA rechargeable batteries (1.2 volts, at least 1100mAh), which could not be included in the kit due to their limited shelf life. The supply terminals are not to be short-circuited. A short circuit can cause the wires to overheat and the batteries to explode. Different types of batteries or new and used batteries are not to be mixed. Do not mix alkaline, standard (carbon-zinc), or rechargeable (nickel- cadmium) batteries. Batteries are to be inserted with the correct polarity. Press them gently into the battery Alwayscompartment.closebattery compartments with the lid.
The #1247R instruction manual contains a variety of valuable learning materials in addition to the assembly instructions. There are topics for discussion, extended course materials for sensors, in-depth exploration of applications for levers, gears, connecting rods, worm gears, and car body structures. These resources help students to understand the basic ideas and extend them, showing how they are a part of everyday life. In addition to mechanics there are extensions to the programming topics, including loops, if-else statements, calculation formulae, variables and broadcasting. Using this #1204 set, 24 models from #1247R can also be assembled. For more details, please refer to #1247R online instruction manual. Instruction Manual
Improper use of the battery may create a risk of electrical leakage, this may cause damage to the surrounding environment of the battery, the possibility of fire and personal injury.
Do
WARNING Not suitable for children under 3 years. Choking hazard— small parts, small ball may be swallowed or inhaled. Keep it out of reach of children.
1247R
SuggestionATTENTION ˙ CleaningRemovebatteries
INVENTING CAN BE LEARNEDINVENTING CAN BE LEARNED MODELS TO BUILD MODELS TO BUILD4040 https://build.t2t.io/ur?qr=Hk5ABVjEI
#1247R304PCS
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Alkaline batteries are recommended to ensure that models operate efficiently. before cleaning the battery compartment. Parts can only be wiped with a slightly damp cloth. not use cleaning agents.
Some people may question this and feel that it puts too much emphasis on science and technology; however, the goals of learning about programming are broader than just being a science. Learning coding
After we understand the importance of learning program design, there are several easy places to start for beginners, like S4A.
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What is S4A? What is “program design”?
This method is a great boon for elementary and middle school education, as students no longer need professional programming knowledge to complete their own Arduino projects. So now let’s look deeper into Scratch and Arduino.
In this modern and digital age, computers are all around us, both seen and unseen. Every single device or piece of equipment, from garage doors, air conditioners, refrigerators, and televisions, to smart appliances, all use some kind of computer or micro-controller. Mobile phones are just one sign of the fact that computers are now everywhere, and a part of our lives. People now use computers for things they would not have just a few years ago, like shopping, getting directions and driving. Our lives will become increasingly connected to digital devices, and countless products and services will require some understanding of how these digital devices function. This means learning about how computers work, and how to use them will become more important for everyone. S4A, or Scratch for Arduino is an edited version of Scratch. Programming languages are written in English, which limits the target audience. Thus, a Spanish organization, Citilab, saw that Scratch was successful and rewrote the open source software Scratch, naming it S4A (Scratch for Arduino).
1.Promotehelps:students that have a strong ability to communicate with computers.
2.Develop logical thinking and problem solving skills.
3.Learn innovation skills and different ways to achieve a given goal, using technology.
Why learn programming languages?
Program design is the process of writing or combining lines of code to fulfill a purpose. If that sounds daunting, don’t worry! Just like we can learn a foreign language to speak with people from other countries, learning a programming language can help you talk with computers. When you can write in a programming language, you will be able to issue commands to computers that also speak that language. The importance of learning programming languages has caused many Western countries to begin aggressively promoting educational curriculums with program design fully integrated. Even at elementary and middle school levels, it is becoming considered a mandatory subject.
Simply put, S4A is a method to drag and drop blocks of code to control Arduino boards. This greatly reduces barriers to entry, so that even children who are not proficient in English can develop their own ideas and start learning how to control models. Scratch users can even extend their creativity to tangible interactive technology devices.
Introduction to S4A
Scratch is a simplified program design tool, designed by the MIT Media Lab. It is a form of program design that compiles ‘blocks’ of code and forgoes the use of difficult programs. Using Scratch, children can learn the important basic concepts of program design. Scratch can be used to create digital masterpieces such as stories, animation, games or music. It provides a user friendly graphical interface that allows programs to be written by dragging and dropping
As S4A (Scratch for Arduino) is a software program based on Scratch, it has all of the original software’s functions. We can use Arduino to adjust voltage into a parameter, for input into Scratch. This can be used to control the interactions between characters on the screen and real-world motors and sensors. This helps students develop their man-machine comfort and understanding.
AboutAboutblocks.ScratchArduinoArduinoisanopensource
6 Side A Click! Click!
Case
Clip the hooks on the handles. Insert the battery holder.Insert the batteries. Close the cover. Ensure the compartment is secure.
How To Assemble And Disassemble Battery Holder
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1. Hold the battery compartment by its ends, as showed. 2. Insert PEG REMOVER side A into the slot. When you see a gap, the mechanism has released. 3 4 5
hardware and micro-controller circuit board. This board allows motors, LED lights, switches and various types of sensors such as optical, thermal or sound sensors to all be connected through one device. Because it can support different sensors, it can be adapted to control Gigo blocks that can move according to your instructions. Arduino is usable by beginners, and with some understanding of simple mechanical principles, users will be able to create moving interactive models.
7 Enter the world of programming blocks 1. Go to S4A’s official website http://s4a.cat. as shown in Fig.1 2. Click on downloads. Below “installing S4A into your computer”, download and install the version for your device (Fig. 2). Fig.2Fig.1 How to download S4A Preparation I
8 3. Double-click on your downloaded file to begin the installation program, and then click next (Fig. 3). 4. The installer displays S4A's license agreement and copyright notice. Select “I accept the agreement”, and then click next (Fig. 4). 5. You will be asked to choose an installation path for the S4A program. It is recommended that you select the default installation settings. When ready, click next (Fig. 5).Fig.3Fig.4Fig.5 Preparation I
9 6. The installer prompts you to set up the Start menu and press the next button. As shown in Fig. 6 7. The program prompts you to create a Desktop icon, select “yes” and press the next button. Click next, and then click “Install”. The installer program will copy the necessary files to your computer. When the process is complete you will be able to click “Finish” (Figs. 7 – 10). After the installation, S4 A shows on the desktop icon is Fig.6 Fig.9Fig.7 Fig.10Fig.8 Enter the world of programming blocks Preparation I
Scripts Area: This area is for editing scripts. Drag blocks in, snap them together into scripts.
The default after installation is English. Area Sprite
StageArea Area Preparation II
Blocks Palette: Provides blocks for script editing. Drag the desired blocks to the scripts area to form various types of scripts.
Click “S4A” on your desktop or Start menu to launch S4A. The default interface is as shown in the Fig. 11.
S4ADescriptionsBlockBlocksPaletteSoftware Interface Instructions Fig.11 Fig.12 Scripts
Stage Area: Aside from detecting board status, this area can present the visual effects of scripts.
Sprite Area: This displays the various sprite or objects in the script. Default Language: Click on “Language Settings” and select the desired language for the S4A interface.
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Block Descriptions: There are eight categories in S4A block descriptions which include Motion, Looks, Sound, Pen, Control, Sensing, Operators and Variables.
11 Click on S4A on the desktop or in the Start menu to launch the S4A program. Use the supplied USB cable and connect the “Gigo Maker Control Box” to the USB port on your PC. Connect the DC power supply to the “Gigo Maker Control Box” and turn it on. The “Stage” in the S4A software will begin reading (see image) while it is detecting the board. If it is not jumping or does not display “Searching board”, please ensure that your USB is connected properly or unplug the USB and reconnect for detection. (4)(3)(2)(1) Connect to PC via USB Gigo Maker Control Box (see diagram) has an integrated main board that can be combined with the Gigo basic board for expansion to provide LED lights, buzzer, microphone, variable resistor, buttons, and digital/analog input/output ports that can be linked to PC via Micro USB. Aside from the board’s DC power supply, the expansion board has another DC power input Hardwareport. Introduction (Arduino Micro USB) LEDResetAnalogBuzzer Gigo DC Motor X2 I2C Signal Port X2 Button X3 Variable Resistor Micro USB (to PC) Gigo Base Shield DC Input (DC 9V) Digital Signal Port X 6 Light DetectsSensorexternal changes in lighting and can be applied to detect brightness. IR DetectsSensorchanges in distance and can be applied to detect obstacles.Continuous Rotation Servo Motor 180o Servo Motor Enter the world of programming blocks Preparation III The toy is only to be connected to symbols.ofbearingequipmenteitherthefollowingor III
12 Gigo Maker Control Box Corresponds to S4A LED D13(yellow) LEDD10(red) LEDD11(green) ServoBuzzerA9MotorD8 Servo Motor D4 Servo Motor D7 Analog Signal A3 Analog Signal A4 Button1D2MicrophoneA2 Button2A1Variable Button3A0ResistorA5 Species Pin Variable resistor A0 Button1 D2 Button2 A1 Button3 A5 Analog Signal A3 Analog Signal A4 Species ServoMicrophoneA2PinMotorD4/D7/ D8 Buzzer A9 LED (red) D10 LED (green) D11 LED (yellow) D13 Firmware Re-burning Bluetooth Module Installation Preparation IV
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TIPS AND TRICKS:
When fixing gears onto the frame with drive axle be sure to keep a proper space (about 1mm) between the gear and the frames (Fig. 2). And try to turn the gear to ensure every gear in the gear train turning smoothly so that the least friction will be created and most efficient power transmission can be expected. Fig.1 Fig.3Fig.2 Fig.4 Using peg remover to pull peg off as Fig.3 shows. Using peg remover to pull axle off as Fig.4 shows. The models will often have several gear wheels installed in a row, or gear train. In order for the models to work well, these gears will have to mesh well. Otherwise, the force from one gear wheel won’t be properly transferred to the next.
A. Pay attention to the hole: B. B-Peg remover: C. Gear wheels: Here are a few tips for assembling and using the models. Read them carefully before starting. NG! (without space) OK! (with space) For more tips,pleaseassemblyreferto Keep the instruction since it contains important information.
14 No. Description Item No. Qty. 1 B-SHORT PEG 40 2 C-LONG PEG 10 3 C-20mm AXLE CONNECTOR 11 4 C-AXLE 4 5 C-CAM CONNECTOR 4 6 C-TWO-IN-ONE CONVERTER 2 7 C-SHORT BUTTON FIXER 8 8 C-OD8x30mm TUBE 2 9 C-HINGE 2 10 C-BASE GRID CONNECTOR 2 11 C-LATERAL CONVERTER 4 12 C-FRONT CONVERTER 4 13 C-50mm RACK 2 14 C-BENDED ROD 8 15 C-BENDED ROD 6 16 C-3 HOLE ROD 3 17 C-3 HOLE ROD FRONT CLOSED 6 18 C-3 HOLE DUAL ROD 4 19 C-3 HOLE ROUND ROD 4 20 C-5 HOLE ROD 4 21 C-5 HOLE ROD FRONT CLOSED 6 22 C-5 HOLE DUAL ROD BOTTOM CLOSED 4 23 C-5 HOLE DUAL ROD 2 24 C-7 HOLE ROUND ROD 4 25 C-7 HOLE WIDE PROLATE ROD 4 26 C-9 HOLE ROD 2 27 C-11 HOLE ROD 6 28 C-13 HOLE CURVED PROLATE ROD 6 29 C-15 HOLE DUAL ROD 2 30 C-150mm RACK 1 31 C-5X5 FRAME 4 32 C-5X10 FRAME 2 33 C-5x13 DUAL FRAME 2 34 C-BASE GRID 2 35 C-MOTOR AXLE 1 36 C-35mm AXLE II 4 37 C-65mm AXLE I 1 38 C-70mm AXLE II 3 39 C-100mm AXLE II 3 40 C-150mm AXLE I 1 41 C-AXLE FIXING 4 42 C-20T GEAR 4 43 C-40T GEAR 8 No. Description Item No. Qty. 44 C-60T GEAR 2 45 C-80T GEAR 1 46 C-10T CHAIN GEAR 1 47 C-30T CHAIN GEAR 1 48 C-OD23mm PULLEY 2 49 C-OD33mm PULLEY 2 50 C-ROD CONNECTOR 3 51 C-WORM GEAR 1 52 C-RACING TIRE 4 53 C-70mm RUBBER BAND 4 54 C-CHAIN 44 55 C-SHELL A LEFT 2 56 C-SHELL A RIGHT 2 57 B-CUBE 1 58 B-CUBE 1 59 B-CONVEX 2 60 B-CONVEX 2 61 B-EYE-2 2 62 B-FACE CUBE-ERIC 1 63 B-3 HOLE CUBE 1 64 B-COILS 1 65 B-NOSE 1 66 B-LEFT HAND 1 67 B-RIGHT HAND 1 68 B-LEGS 1 69 C-POLYSTYRENE BALL 1 70 B-PEG REMOVER 1 71 P-DIE CUT CARDS 1 72 P-GUIDE CARDS 1 73 C-Gigo MAKER CONTROL BOX 1 74 C-LIGHT SENSOR 1 75 C-IR SENSOR 1 76 C-180° SERVO MOTOR 1 77 C-CONTINUOUS ROTATION SERVO MOTOR 2 78 C-BALL ROLLER 1 79 C-9V BATTERY HOLDER 1 80 C-MicroUSB 2.0 CABLE 1 81 C-9V BATTERY HOLDER UPPER CASE 1 82 C-9V BATTERY HOLDER LOWER CASE 1 Checklist: Find – Inspect – Check off 7413-W10-S1R7026-W10-H1R7413-W10-T1R7061-W10-C1R7344-W10-C2B 7061-W10-G1W 7061-W10-W1W 7400-W10-G1D 7026-W10-I1SK7061-W85-F1W 7061-W10-X1W 7026-W10-Q2W7061-W10-V1S27061-W10-V1W7061-W10-T1D7061-W10-Y1W 7026-W10-X1W 7413-W10-W1W7413-W10-R1W7413-W10-K2W7404-W10-C1W7413-W10-Y1W 7413-W10-X1W 7346-W10-C1B7026-W10-D2R3620-W10-A1D7026-W10-P1D7413-W10-L2D7061-W10-Q1D7416-W10-C1D7413-W10-O1D7026-W10-L1W7125-W10-A1SK7061-W10-U1W7413-W10-I1W7413-W10-Q1W7061-W10-T2D7413-W10-Z1W7401-W10-A1W7413-W10-P1W7407-W10-C1W7404-W10-C3W7404-W10-C2W 7026-W10-W5Y 7328-W10-G2O 1247-W10-F2W1247-W10-F1WE30#1247AR34-061247-W85-C1S1247-W85-D21247-W85-D1-11247-W85-B11247-W85-B21247-W85-A4K16#1247A-1K16#1247A7061-W10-B1YK30#7366-27128-W85-D1W7128-W10-F2B7128-W10-F1B7128-W85-D67128-W10-D5D7128-W10-B1B17134-W22-47128-W22-2880-W10-R1R880-W10-R1W880-W10-A1R880-W10-A1W7392-W10-L2TD7392-W10-L1TD3569-W10-B1DR10-021115-W85-F2S7344-W10-A1W7026-W10-L2W7344-W10-N2S17344-W10-N3S13569-W10-C1S13569-W10-D2S1
The general power transmission chain uses a block chain composed of solid steel blocks. Because a block chain is cheap, it is the most common type of sprocket, and can be found in bicycles, locomotives, or small factories. From the model in this lesson you will be able to see how the power transmission chain transmits motor power to drive the swinging motion.
How can we increase the amplitude of the swing? Scientific Application Sprocket
In prehistoric times, people would move through the trees in order to obtain food and avoid dangerous animals below. Hoping to move more quickly through the trees, people made ropes from leather to swing through the woods, just like Tarzan. This kind of rope was the forerunner of the swing. The rope-swing was originally only a single rope which could swing in all directions, this made it quite dangerous and difficult to control. Later, in order to cross rivers and ditches, the swing developed into two ropes and a support. Nowadays it is mostly just a kind of play equipment in your local park.
There are many types of sprockets, including lifting chains, conveyor chains and power transmission chains.
Two ropes are tied to a cross bar, and the other end of the ropes is tied to a wooden board or tire. A person sitting on the swing can swing themselves by kicking their legs, or get a friend to push them.
15 Brainstorming
Swings are great fun and children love them.
1 DailyApplicationDaily Swing
16 Parts List 5 3 4 6 2 1 ×2 ×2 x5 1 x2 2 x2 3 x2 19 x1 27 x2 29 x4 31 x2 33 x1 34 x1 35 x1 40 x1 46 x1 47 x3 50 x38 54 x1 62 x1 63 x1 64 x1 65 x1 66 x1 67 x1 68 x1 73 x1 76 x1 79 150mm
17 1 servomotor180° Program Example OperationModelVideo 9 A Done Swing 7 8 ×38
1 2 3 18 CreativityHands-on ExperimentHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModel Change the wait-time in the program and observe how the operation of the swing changes. Make a swing with a different amplitude by replacing the sprocket(CHAIN GEAR) with (i) a gear or (ii) a pulley or (iii) changing the gear ratio. Smart Manual Web Service
How can a lighter person lift a heavier person using a seesaw? Principle of Levers2 Like in the last chapter, a Seesaw is a kind of play park entertainment that has a long history. A seesaw is an example of a lever. When two people sit at either end of a long wooden board, and the center of the board is supported by a wheel and axle (pivot). Both people can take turns and going up and down, using their feet to keep balance. Because of the principle of levers and moments around a fulcrum, when people of different weights sit on the seesaw and play together, they may not balance. Balance can be achieved by adjusting the placement of the seats either closer to, or further away from the pivot point. Because some people may not be so good at balancing, like young children, seesaws are usually installed on soft rubber floors or built with springs under the seesaw to help keep each end from fully touching the floor where an injury may occur. Application
Scientific
DailyApplicationDaily
A lever is a simple machine. It “leverages” the relationship between force (often weight) and distance from the fulcrum. It can keep items balanced, or lift heavy objects. There are three classes of lever. Seesaws are a first class lever, which means the fulcrum is in the middle and the force point and resistance point are on either side. It may be labor-saving or labor-intensive.
19 Brainstorming
First Class Lever Force arm Resistancearm Force point ResistancepointFulcrum
Seesaw
20 Parts List 3 2 1 x2 1 x2 2 x5 3 x2 8 x3 20 x2 23 x2 29 x3 31 x1 32 x1 34 x1 38 x1 50 x1 62 x1 63 x1 64 x1 65 x1 66 x1 67 x1 68 x1 73 x1 77 x1 79 70mm
21 2 Program Example A A Done OperationModelVideo Seesaw 4
1 2 3 22 CreativityHands-on ExperimentHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModel Change the program code to keep the seesaw going up and down until the space-bar on the keyboard is pressed. Modify the model by decorating it and adding a safety mechanism. Smart Manual Web Service
Hydraulic systems rarely use water as a medium, because it may rust over time. Instead engineers must use a substance that does not oxidize, lubricates, absorbs shocks well, and does not corrode.
Lifting platforms are commonly used in factories, warehouses and logistics centers. They are able to transport people or goods
Originally,vertically. lifting platforms could only be operated by manpower, hydraulics or animal power. Later, lifting platforms began to have increasing functionality and could be autonomous, self-supporting and work at increasingly high levels.
In addition to the lifting platform, what other machines can lift vertically?
3
23 Brainstorming
Nowadays lifts are so ubiquitous we hardly think of them. They are used in the construction industry, docks, restaurants and almost all companies or hotels with tall buildings.
In order to lift heavy objects while saving energy, the lift is generally hydraulically powered, thus it is known as a hydraulic lifting
Hydraulicplatform.Power
Scientific Application DailyApplicationDaily Lifting Platform
Hydraulic power is a mechanism that can increase mechanical force using the principle of fluid mechanics. The device holds liquid, which cannot be compressed, in a pipeline and uses this to transmit force. Kinetic energy from a motor is converted into pressure energy on the liquid.
24 x6 1 x6 2 x11 3 x1 11 x2 17 x1 18 x1 19 x2 21 x4 22 x1 26 x6 27 x1 30 x2 31 x2 34 x1 35 x2 39 x2 41 x1 42 x1 50 x1 73 x1 77 x1 79 Parts List 3 4 12
25 3 Program Example A A Done OperationModelVideo Lifting Platform 5 100mm6 1 1 2 2 3
1 2 3 26 CreativityHands-on ExperimentHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModel Adjust the position of the motor and use different gears, and then observe how gear size affects the lifting platform. Change the mechanism for the lifting platform into a movable lifting platform that can move forward and backward. Smart Manual Web Service
Walking Robot
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Scientific Application
Linkage
What other linkage mechanisms have you seen?
The original concept was designed for the battlefield, allowing the robot dog to cooperate with soldiers in rough terrain where mechanical vehicles could not travel. Its load weight is 154 kgs, and it can quickly move materials around with low risk to soldiers. It has various sensors, laser gyroscopes, and stereoscopic vision. After receiving signals, the microcomputer that controls the robot can instruct the frame to move and react. The robot dog can even walk steadily and quickly on slippery or steep roads. There are other household applications for walking robots, particularly pets. However, the main purpose of these is interaction with people, rather than mobility.
27 Brainstorming
Linkages are one of the more advanced applications of the lever principle. It is composed of a plurality of rods. The rods are connected through movable points, allowing them to move together while limiting the range of movement of each other in specific ways. Car windshield wipers are an example of a linkage mechanism. This lesson combines the application of gears and cams, so that the different linkages can run synchronously. Doing this can create a movement similar to that of an animal walking.
DailyApplicationDaily
In the United States, the Departments of Defense and Boston Dynamics have worked together to develop the “Boston Robot Dog”, which is a fourlegged, dynamic balancing robot that has no wheels and no tracks, and only uses four mechanical legs connected by a linkage system.
28 x8 1 x8 3 x4 4 x4 5 x4 17 x4 19 x4 27 x2 31 x2 32 x1 35 x1 37 x4 41 x6 43 x2 42 x1 50 x1 73 x1 77 x1 79 8 Parts List 65mm5 7 3 4 6 12 ×4
29 4 Program Example A A OperationModelVideo Walking Robot holeB holeB holeB holeB 9 10 Done
1 2 3 30 CreativityHands-on ExperimentHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModel Change the hole where the leg connects to the gear. Observe what happens to the device. Try to code the program so that the robot walks hesitatingly. Smart Manual Web Service
ReviewModel 31 1. Swing 3. Lifting Platform 2. Seesaw 4. Walking Robot Use the models and principles from the linkages section to design a set of car windshield wipers. Monograph 15
2 CreationModel 1 DesignModel 3 Winner! ConceptDesign 32 My Artwork Evaluation
There are many kinds of reciprocating motion. Generally, the most common is to change a rotary motion into linear by means of a linkage mechanism. The fulcrum in the linkage prevents the direction from rotating in a circular way and keeps the motion pinned down. The overall displacement of the reciprocating motion is zero. Without changing the limits and the range of the circular motion, the reciprocating motion will only repeat moving back and forth.
33 Brainstorming
Which whale is most effective for reducing greenhouse gases? Some international organizations are encouraging people to reduce their carbon footprint. Carbon reduction programs are suggested to prevent deforestation and protect ecosystems, but marine biologists have found that the presence of whales reduces carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, especially large whales. A large whale can consume an average of 33 tons of carbon dioxide, whereas a tree can only absorb 48 pounds of carbon dioxide per year, the difference is very large. The presence of whales greatly increases the amount of carbon captured because of the increased amounts of phytoplankton. The migration and vertical movement of whales in the oceans brings minerals from the deep ocean to the surface and exposes them to sunlight, allowing phytoplankton to reproduce in even greater numbers. Whale excrement also provides valuable nutrients that phytoplankton lack, increasing the mineral density of seas and oceans.
DailyApplicationDaily
Whale Reciprocating Motion6 Scientific Application
34 x8 1 x3 3 x1 4 x1 5 x6 7 x8 14 x2 15 x1 17 x1 19 x1 20 x2 24 x2 31 x1 36 x2 32 x1 42 x1 43 x1 50 x2 61 8 holeB 2-6 Parts List 35mm 5 6 7 3 4 2 1 ×2 x1 71 x1 73 x1 77 x1 79 9
35 6 Program Example A A 2-5 2-7 2-8 10 11 12 Done OperationModelVideo Whale
1 2 3 36 CreativityHands-on ExperimentHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModel Modify the program code to make the whale’s tail move intermittently. Try to change the structure to make the whale’s fins become movable. Smart Manual Web Service
Bird Wings Scientific Application
In order to fly, the first thing a bird needs is wings! The composition of a bird’s wing is complicated. The bone structure is light, flexible and buoyant, and the surface is full of feathers. This helps the bird be aerodynamic. Wings can control air resistance during flight, and produce a reaction force when they flutter. Furthermore, birds can fly in complex weather conditions. As for how birds can really fly so efficiently, scientists still cannot fully explain it.
DailyApplicationDaily
According to archeological fossil records, birds are an early descendant of dinosaurs.
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Except for their wings, what other things do birds need in order to fly? Birds
The earliest birds discovered date from the Jurassic Period, and the Archaeopteryx, found in Germany, is the best known. The mechanism which birds use to fly is still something of a mystery, even though the sky is filled with planes and helicopters designed by human beings. Birds are still able to accomplish unique feats of maneuverability that human technology cannot replicate. For example, birds can from zero to 64 kilometers per hour in just a few seconds, or they can land on a branch that is moving in the breeze. The complexity of flight methods developed by animals, such as birds, bees and particularly butterflies, is a wonder of nature.
37 Brainstorming
nowadays
Flying
Birds are one of the most widely distributed species; some birds can fly across oceans or even entire continents! Birds can be found wherever there is land, including the coldest areas of the world like Antarctica.
accelerate
38 x12 1 x4 3 x1 4 x2 5 x4 7 x2 9 x1 16 x2 18 x1 19 x2 20 x4 22 x1 23 x1 24 x3 27 x1 31 x1 35 x1 36 x2 42 x2 43 x1 60 x1 57 x2 61 x1 73 x1 77 x1 79 Parts List 2 1 ×2 Meshing two gears Let the holes A symmetricallyInserttheholesA x1 71
39 7 OperationModelVideo Flying Birds Program Example A 6 7 8 3-1 3-33-2 Done
1 2 3 40 CreativityHands-on ExperimentHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModel Modify the program code to make a bird call sound after the bird flaps its wings. Use more building blocks or other on-hand items to raise the bird up and make it look like it is flying. Smart Manual Web Service
The principle of lift generated by a wing relies on Bernoulli's law. Through control of the thickness and shape of the wing, the pressure difference between the upper and lower sides of the airfoil cause different airflow speeds. When the airflow path is longer, the speed becomes faster and the pressure decreases. Conversely, when the airflow path is shorter, the speed is slower, and the pressure becomes greater. As long as the pressure above the airfoil is smaller, the airfoil generates lift.
DailyApplicationDaily
Scientific Application
Where else in daily life can you observe Bernoulli's law? Airfoil
Aircraft
8
41 Brainstorming
A propeller powered aircraft flies by creating forward thrust from a turbine screw that spins a set of blades. Before World War II, almost all aircraft used propellers. Although there are jets today, propeller aircraft are still important for shortrange trips, especially at lower altitudes and slower speeds. Aircraft with propellers are designed with two important engineering principles in mind, Bernoulli's law and Newton's third law of motion. The propeller blades have a similar structure to airfoils that create a pressure difference between the air above and below them. The wings use the same idea, and allows the aircraft to generate lift. The propellers draw air backwards, pulling the plane forward and this combines with the lift from the Propellerwings. aircraft fly slower and carry less weight, but welldesigned propellers can reach up to 80% efficiency.
42 2-1 2-3 1-4 2-4 70mm 5 7 4 6 3 2 1 21 20 x8 1 x2 2 x2 4 x2 5 x6 7 x4 14 x4 17 x1 20 x2 21 x2 22 x2 23 x2 24 x4 31 x2 32 x2 33 x1 35 x3 38 x1 41 x4 43 x2 49 x2 48 x2 50 x2 53 x1 73 x1 77 x1 79 x1 71 ×2 2-2 1-6 hole B Parts List
43 8 Program Example A 11 A OperationModelVideo Aircraft 8 9 10×2 ×2 rubber band---topbandrubberview Done 70mm
1 2 3 44 CreativityHands-on ExperimentHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModel Try to change the rotational direction of the two propellers propellers by refining the mechanism, avoid changing the program code. Changes in the mechanism make the wheels rotate synchronously when the propeller rotates, this allows the aircraft to move forward. Smart Manual Web Service
Infrared Sensing Scientific Application
Why do rescue missions usually use helicopters?
Helicopters
DailyApplicationDaily
Infrared sensing relies on the principle that infrared light does not diffuse and has a smaller refractive index (RI) during propagation. Propagation of an infrared light takes time. The time taken for the light to leave the emitter and return to the sensor can be recorded and from this, distances can be calculated. Today, infrared sensing is widely used in fields such as environmental engineering, medicine and the military.
45 Brainstorming
9 Humans have long dreamed of rising vertically from the ground, wheeling and circling in the air, then landing at will. For example, the superhero Iron Man and the Arabian stories of flying carpets are all ways of taking off and landing vertically. The concept of helicopter predates that of the airplane, and can be traced back to the Jin Dynasty in China. At that time there was a machine designed and constructed of bamboo, similar to a dragonfly. After the bamboo dragonfly arrived in Europe, the British used mechanical gearing to drive the bamboo dragonfly, making it rotate and rise to a height of 27 meters! With the industrial revolution and the development of technology, helicopters underwent much improvement. Being able to control a mid-air hover allows helicopters to traverse more complex terrain than airplanes. They can explore metropolitan areas, jungles, and seashores. In addition, helicopters are well suited for rescue tasks in mountainous areas and at sea. Helicopters have some downsides however, such as higher fuel consumption, shorter range and slower speed.
46 x23 1 x6 2 x1 3 x2 7 x2 10 x1 11 x2 12 x4 14 x2 15 x2 16 x1 17 x2 18 x3 20 x6 21 x2 23 x1 24 x4 27 x1 29 x1 30 x2 32 x4 31 x2 34 x1 35 x3 42 x2 36 x1 43 x1 55 x1 56 x1 71 x1 73 x1 75 x2 77 x1 79 21 2 3 4 5 20 Parts List
47 6 7 8 9 10 ×2 20 20 21 9 Helicopters 35mm
48 11 1 11 12 13 14 15 21 2 1
49 9 OperationModelVideo Helicopters Program Example BA B A 16 A Done
1 2 3 50 CreativityHands-on ExperimentHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModel Write a program to make the helicopter automatically stop on the tarmac and cease operating, when a key is pressed. Modify the model by making the helicopter's tail rotate. Smart Manual Web Service
ReviewModel 51 6. Whale 8. Aircraft 7. Flying Birds 9. Helicopters Use the models and principles you’ve learned to design a submarine. 10 Monograph 2
2 CreationModel 1 DesignModel 3 Winner! ConceptDesign 52 My Artwork Evaluation
Fireflies (also known as lightning bugs) are glowing insects that have a light-emitting organ in their tail. More than 2,000 different kinds of fireflies are known and they are found all around the world. Most fireflies emit light in order to find mates and attract attention. A few types of female fireflies however, use light to hunt male fireflies! In addition to courtship, some fireflies also use their light to warn other creatures not to approach. This is because some fireflies are toxic to other creatures like bats. Although these fireflies only glow at night, they will emit a warning light if they are disturbed during the day. Fireflies are completely metamorphic insects. They undergo four stages of development: from an egg, to a larva, then a pupa, and finally to an adult. Only adults can glow at night. Generally, fireflies are also regarded as an indicator of the ecological environment. They can only survive in an environment that is unpolluted. If a place is polluted, fireflies cannot survive. Application
Firefly
53 Brainstorming
11
Why do fireflies glow? Light Sensor
Light sensors detect light intensity through a photoresistor. Photoresistors are special resistors that use a photoconductive chemical effect to excite the electrons inside. The resistance is initially stable, but exposure to light frees electrons. As the light becomes stronger, more electrons are freed and the value of the resistance becomes smaller. The intensity of a light source can be determined by changes in the resistance across the circuit.
Scientific
DailyApplicationDaily
54 5 3 4 2 1 x28 1 x4 2 x4 5 x2 6 x1 9 x1 11 x8 14 x6 15 x1 17 x2 18 x3 19 x1 22 x3 25 x1 24 x2 26 x4 28 x3 31 x2 32 x1 35 x2 36 x3 42 x2 43 x2 56 x2 61 x2 55 x1 73 x1 74 x1 76 x1 79 Let the gear mesh, holes A forward, in the same direction A Parts List x3 16 x2 20 x2 21 A x1 82 x1 83 ×2
55 11 Firefly 6 7 8 9
56 10 11 12 13 1 2 OK
57 11 OperationModelVideo Firefly Program Example servomotor180° Insert the holes B & C， Gear meshing, as shown in Fig. B C Done
1 2 3 58 CreativityHands-on ExperimentHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModel Write a program code to make fireflies glow differently. Use an extra motor to make the antennae of the firefly move. Smart Manual Web Service
DailyApplicationDaily
Garage
If you had your own garage what would you use it for?
RockLift-up Garage Door12 Scientific Application
Garage rock is one of the early rock music genres. Early bands did not have expensive studios to record in, or good soundproofing at home, so they would have to go out to the garage to “make some noise”. The garage was an ideal space for them to practice and not disturb other people in the house. From 1963 to 1967, garage rock became popular in the United States and Canada. Garage rock has a gritty and unprocessed sound and is more about vitality and expression than polished production values.
59 Brainstorming
A garage is a small building used to park vehicles. Most garages are to provide protection for a car from wind and rain. There are many different types of garage, some are next to a house, some are the entrance to a house, and some are built separately and are not connected to any building. Garage doors can be activated by electric controls or manually. In order to make the entry and exit of vehicles easier, the garage door must be big enough to accommodate large vehicles. Some garages have no doors, and others are made of canvas, like a car going camping! In addition to covering vehicles, garages have other functions when attached to a house. They are often used as storage areas, for noisy band practice, or as a studio or workspace. Many large successful businesses such as Amazon, Apple and HP all began their lives in a garage, which gave rise to the expression "garage entrepreneurship".
60 x10 1 x5 2 x7 3 x4 7 x2 10 x2 11 x2 13 x2 14 x2 19 x2 20 x4 24 x1 26 x3 27 x2 32 x2 33 x2 34 x1 36 x1 42 x1 50 x1 73 x1 77 x1 71 x1 79 1 Parts List
61 Lift-up Garage Door12 4 5 6 Hanging here
62 10 11
Done 63 12 A OperationModelVideo Lift-up Garage Door Program Example A 12
1 2 3 64 CreativityHands-on ExperimentHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModel Change the program code to make a voice-controlled electric garage door. Change the mechanism so that the electric garage door can be raised and lowered vertically. Smart Manual Web Service
Automatic doors use a variety of sensors to detect the passage of people or objects. After sensing, a signal is sent to the controller of the automatic door, and then the controller operates the motor. The automatic door switch is controlled by a transmission belt or various linkages. There are many types of sensors for automatic doors, such as infrared, radar, ultrasonic, microwave, and body temperature. Among them, the most common nowadays is infrared.
Automatic Door Sensor Scientific Application DailyApplicationDaily
13
Automatic doors are not a modern invention, the first automatic doors were invented in the 1930s, but they were quite rare. Nowadays, however, it is common to find automatic doors at most supermarkets and department stores. An automatic door must still have some kind of input signal to tell it when to open. This could be a person or object approaching the door and triggering a button or some sensor. Then, the control element that recognizes the action will open the door by using a drive system. After the person/object leaves the identified range, or after a specified period of time, the door will close again. The entire process does not require human involvement, and is completely controlled by a machine, thus it is called an automatic door.
65 Brainstorming
What equipment in your daily life uses sensors? Ever since humans lived in caves, we have needed doors. Whether there is a sabertoothed tiger skin covering an entrance to a hovel or a rotating door controlling human traffic at a fancy hotel, doors serve an important purpose.
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6-3 6-1 67 13 Automatic Door 5 7 6 4 21
68 10 ×2 21 6-4 6-2
69 13 Done OperationModelVideo Automatic Door Program Example A 12
1 2 3 70 CreativityHands-on ExperimentHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModel Write program code to activate the non-inductive switch with a different password. Modify the mechanism to make the automatic door open and close in a different manner. Smart Manual Web Service
71 Brainstorming
A buzzer is an integrated electronic device. It is powered by DC current. After the buzzer receives a signal from the circuit, the signal is allowed to pass through the electromagnetic coil which generates a magnetic field. This magnetism is transferred to a diaphragm which vibrates according to the frequency of the current. Buzzers are just one kind of sound producing electronic devices, and they are found in alarm clocks, photocopiers, computers, toys, timers and cameras.
14
Why are old clocks almost all made of wood?
Modern cuckoo clocks replace the delicate mechanical components with electronic devices and use a buzzer to make a sound; and are referred to as quartz cuckoo clocks, but they still retain the fine-looking wooden exterior.
Cuckoo Clock Buzzer Scientific Application
DailyApplicationDaily
Traditional cuckoo clocks use a clockwork mechanism to make hands of the clock rotate, move the little bird in and out, and make the birdcall sound. Under the cuckoo clock is a heavy metal pinecone supported by a chain. This is used as a source of power, and is a very specific weight. After the owner winds the clock, the weight on the chain will be at its highest, as it descends the clock begins to operate.
Cuckoo clocks originate from the Black Forest in Germany. To make a cuckoo clock, designers carve a small cuckoo bird from wood and mount it on a moving platform behind the face of the clock. The shape of the clock cabinet is usually a small house. A wooden door that hides the cuckoo opens automatically on each hour and half hour. As the bird comes out, it makes a sound like a cuckoo’s birdcall.
6 7 8 9 72 20 35mm 3 2 4 5 1 x31 1 x4 2 x2 3 x1 4 x2 6 x8 7 x2 10 x1 16 x4 18 x2 19 x3 20 x4 21 x3 22 x2 23 x4 24 x1 26 x2 27 x4 28 x1 30 x4 31 x2 32 x2 34 x2 33 x1 35 x3 36 x4 42 x2 39 x2 43 x1 44 x2 48 x2 49 x3 50 x2 53 x1 57 x1 58 x2 59 x2 60 x2 61 x1 73 x1 76 x1 77 x1 79 x1 71 Parts List
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 4-5 4-4 100mm 100mm 35mm 35mm 73 14 Cuckoo Clock
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 20 21 20 74 4-1 4-3 4-2 1 2 21 21 21
Program Example A servomotor180° A servomotor180° 26 27 Done 75 14 OperationModelVideo Cuckoo Clock
Smart Manual Web Service 1 2 3 76 CreativityHands-on ExperimentHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModel Change the program code to make the bird come out slowly and go back in quickly. Now try adding an IR sensor so that the cuckoo pops out when something is nearby.
ReviewModel 77 11. Firefly 13. Automatic Door 12. Lift-up Garage Door 14. Cuckoo Clock Use the models and principles you’ve experimented with to design a lumberjack who works between sunrise and sunset, you will have to use a light sensor. 15 Monograph 3
2 CreationModel 1 DesignModel 3 Winner! ConceptDesign 78 My Artwork Evaluation
16
Trains revolutionized human travel and transportation. Where before, there were dusty or unreliable roads, now there were high-speed iron monsters that could pose a serious threat to humans and wildlife. In order to avoid such accidents, the level crossing was born. In the beginning, the level crossing was guarded by a “flagman” with a red flag or a red lantern, to stop all traffic and clear the tracks to let the train pass. Later, manual or electronic railings automated the process. The main function of the railing at a level crossing is to prevent pedestrians, vehicles or other objects from crossing the tracks at a train-passing time. In earlier times, there were fewer vehicles on the roads and fewer places where roads would have to cross the railway lines. However, modern life and supply chains mean that there are far more times and places where trains may collide with a train. In modern metropolitan areas, most city planners prefer to develop either elevated or subterranean transit systems to reduce any queueing time for vehicles that are waiting toSafetycross.at
79 Brainstorming
CrossingsLevelLever Crossing Scientific Application DailyApplicationDaily
In order to prevent pedestrians and vehicles from crossing when it is not safe, some level crossings are equipped with interrupters and detectors. After the interruption bar is lowered, there will be a warning sound if people or vehicles are inside the level crossing. If a vehicle is stuck on the level crossing and cannot move, the emergency button must be pressed as soon as possible to warn the train to slow down and stop.
Elevated railways can improve traffic problems, but why aren’t all railways elevated?
80 1 x28 1 x4 2 x2 3 x1 4 x4 7 x8 14 x2 15 x6 17 x1 16 x2 18 x4 19 x1 20 x4 22 x2 23 x1 29 x2 24 x4 31 x2 32 x2 34 x1 37 x3 38 x1 42 x8 43 x1 73 x1 71 x1 75 x1 76 x1 79 5 5-2 Parts List
81 16 Lever Crossing 5-5 5-4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ×2
82 5-3 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 20 ×2 70mm×2 70mm
83 16 OperationModelVideo Lever Crossing Program Example servomotor180° Program Example servomotor180° 22 23 Done 70mm65mm
1 2 3 84 CreativityHands-on ExperimentHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModel Modify the program code to automatically raise the interruption bar after the train passes through. Modify the program code to change the speed at which the interruption bar is raised or lowered. Smart Manual Web Service
SteeringAutomated
In some “lights-out” factories or warehouses, automated vehicles play a very important role in production. Control methods can be roughly divided into two categories: contact and non-contact. Contact involves rails, where automated devices follow a set path by sticking to a set of guidelines. The non-contact type does not use tracks and navigates by infrared (IR), laser sight or GPS. Autonomous vehicles operate on their own by identifying external changes through their sensors. These sensors transmit information back to the control chip which then determines the best response to the external environment.
DailyApplicationDaily
Where have you seen automated vehicles? Modern manufacturing systems are highly automated. Using advanced sensors and bigdata to determine how much to produce, when to produce it, and where to ship it means less human interaction is required. Automation has reached even complex production industries such as automobiles. Some factories use automation to transport goods internally, form one place to another and these must use special obstacle avoidance sensors and software.
IR distance sensors use infrared lightemitting diodes (IR LEDs) to generate directed infrared light. When the IR light hits an object, it is reflected back, and a sensor can measure the light intensity. Different received light intensities create different levels of resistance. This affects the voltage signal in the circuit and makes it possible to calculate distances. One example of this is in modern cars where they have a reversing radar. Drivers will hear a “peep-peep” sound as they move backwards, that will increase in speed as they approach an object.
Distance Detection Scientific Application
85 Brainstorming
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86 3 4 2 1 x10 1 x2 2 x2 17 x2 20 x2 22 x3 31 x1 27 x1 32 x2 36 x2 50 x2 52 x1 75 x1 73 x1 76 x2 77 x1 78 x1 79 Parts List 35mm35mmx4 3 1 2 OK x1 82 x1 83
87 17 Automated Steering OperationModelVideo BA servomotor180° Program Example servomotor180° B A 5 Done
1 2 3 88 CreativityHands-on ExperimentHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModel Set out an obstacle course for your car and see if it can complete the journey successfully. Modify the program code to create a car with a reversing radar. Smart Manual Web Service
Gun Turret Parabolas
In the early days of long-range attacks, the attacks often had to be launched from higher places. The predecessor of the gun turret was the arrow tower. Arrow towers were often wooden structures that could facilitate long range attacks and shelter for soldiers. Later, these towers formed the beginnings of major camps and castles. After the invention of gunpowder and artillery, gun turrets were used to fire artillery shells. To do this, the gun turrets had to be reinforced and made sturdier. Turrets that were placed in important or strategic locations were equipped with largecaliber, long-range artillery shells. Important turrets were usually placed adjacent to a town or near to transportation hubs. They were also used to garrison occupied towns. Modern gun turrets are highly specialized and the surrounding area is guarded 24/7. Because of the military advantage, gun turrets provide entry to those areas is restricted.
89 Brainstorming
Why are turrets and towers built at higher elevations?
Scientific Application
DailyApplicationDaily
18
Parabola refers to the curve that an object traces through the air as it falls to the ground. If a parabola is divided at its highest point, it creates two mirrored curves, but only if the object is circular. Modern shells are mostly bullet-shaped. Due to the change in the center of gravity, the actual trajectory of the projectile is slightly different from a uniform parabola.
90 x38 1 x1 2 x2 3 x2 12 x2 14 x2 16 x1 17 x3 18 x3 20 x2 21 x4 22 x2 23 x4 24 x4 27 x2 29 x4 31 x2 32 x2 33 x1 35 x1 43 x4 42 x1 36 x3 38 x1 44 x1 45 x1 53 x1 69 x1 73 x1 76 x2 77 x1 79 20 21 Parts List x2 6 x1 82 x1 83 3 5 4 12 70mm
91 18 20 Gun Turret 7 8 9 10 11 12 6 35mm
92 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 20 1 2 OK 13 ×2
93 18 BA servomotor180° A B servomotor180° 程式範例 21 22 23 24 Done OperationModelVideo Gun Turret 2 1 bandrubber 70mm 70mm
1 2 3 94 CreativityHands-on ExperimentHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModel What factors can be changed to make the turret shoot the ball farther? Modify the model by (i) adding a gear ratio to change the launching motor speed, and (ii) increase the elasticity of the rubber band. Observe how this affects the operation of the device. Smart Manual Web Service
Robotic Arm Scientific Application
DailyApplicationDaily
95 Brainstorming
In which industries can robotic arms be used?Space Exploration Robotic arms are devices created to mimic a human arm. Because of their versatility and accuracy, they are one of the most widely used robots in the world, especially in heavy industries such as automobile factories. Robotic arms are usually used for heavy and dangerous tasks; or tedious, monotonous tasks. Machines are ideal for these jobs as they do not get tired, complain, call in sick, or demand a pay rise!
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Robotic arms are even used in outer space to perform missions remotely that humans could not. Robotic arms are composed of a main body structure, a motor and various sensors. After being programmed, the device can perform nimble and precise movements rapidly. Some arms can also communicate and cooperate which makes them very efficient for use in “lights-out” factories and unmanned warehouses.
In order to gain a better understanding of space, humans have begun tentative steps into outer space using automated probes and rovers. Sending people into space, especially for long periods of time, is still difficult and dangerous work. Astronauts often need to make repairs or improvements to their spacecraft, to do this they use robotic arms and other unmanned robotic detectors. For astronauts, robotic arms are an indispensable piece of equipment.
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97 19 21 20 Robotic Arm 70mm 7 8 6 The gears mesh and are assembled at the same height.
98 100mm 70mm 10 9 Attention to the direction of the axle and gear assembly.
99 19 Robotic Arm 65mm 11 13 12
Assembling the axle in the middle, The red gear place right, as shown.
100 15 14
101101 20 19 Robotic Arm 35mm 16 17 18 19
102102 20 21 22 20 20
103 BA servomotor180° servomotor180° 程式範例 23 19 Done OperationModelVideo Robotic Arm 1 2 OK
1 2 3 104 CreativityHands-on ExperimentHands-on Evaluation AssembledModel ExperimentComplete CreationModel Use the robotic arm to transport the blocks from the left to the right. Modify the model to add sensors to the robotic arm, and use distance or light sensors to control the grip of the arm. Smart Manual Web Service
ReviewModel 105 16. Lever Crossing 18. Gun Turret 17. Automated Steering 19. Robotic Arm Use the models and principles you’ve learned about to design a pie-face machine that is triggered when something approaches. 20 Monograph 4
2 CreationModel 1 DesignModel 3 Winner! ConceptDesign 106 My Artwork Evaluation
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