Systems Report

E N VI RO N M E N TAL C HART E R SC HO O L SYST E MS RE P O RT H O M EWO O D, P I TTS BURG H PA

Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva 48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

Page 2

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

Co ntents

OVE RVI E W 4 SYS T E M I NT EGRAT IO N MAT RIX 14 L I G H T I N G ST RAT EGY 15 O U T D O O R AIR + MEC HANIC AL VE NT ILAT IO N

18

LOAD C ALC ULAT IO NS 23 M EC H A N I C AL HE AT ING & CO O LING SYST E M

24

I N D O O R & O UT D O O R WAT E R ST RAT EG IE S

29

RE N E WA BL E E NE RGY SYST E MS 33

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48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

LOCAT I O N SITE

7032-7050 Hamilton Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15208

HOMEWOOD WEST

HOMEWOOD NORTH

POINT BREEZE NORTH

HOMEWOOD SOUTH

HOM CHIL EWOOD DR VILLA EN’S GE

YMC

A

N Lan

g Ave

.

OPER BETT ATION ER B LOCK

CCAC

EA LEAR RLY NIN HUB G

CARN E LIBR GIE ARY

SITE

AF AMERRO IC MU AN INST SIC ITUT E

Hamilt

on Ave

.

H SW OME IMM WO ING OD PO OL

HO PLA MEW YG OO RO D UN D

SITE

1000’ radius

community center

0.5 mile radius

places of worship

parking

eatery

railroad

commercial

10 minute walking zone

green spaces

5 minute walking zone

schools

Overview Page 4

OCCUPANCY BY SPACE

Maximum expected occupancy in each space. It is expected that the school will not have more than 350 people on an average daily basis.

Ground Floor Gym/Auditorium 360 Greenhouse Cafeteria Garden 360 Think Lab 35 Admin + Offices 20 Lobby Area 400

Second Floor 6 Classrooms (30 each) Teachers’ Office Media Center/Flex Space + Library/ Gathering Area

180 14

Third Floor 6 Classrooms (30 each)

180

450

ROO F MEP

ELEV

.

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

P LA N S

ELEV GREE N ROO F

ATED OPER GREEN R ABLE O SKYL OF WITH IGHT S

SOLA

R PA

NELS

ROOF

.

ELEV

Overview Page 5

UP

MED IA C FLEX ENTER + SPAC E

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

ELEV .

UP

DN

SLID

E

LIB GAT RARY + HERIN G AR EA

MED IA C FLEX ENTER + SPAC E

UP

STUD

IO 7 STUD

IO 8 STUD

IO 9

OCC

UPIA

BLE S

STUD

UNS

PACE

IO 10 STUD

IO 11 STUD

IO 12

THIRD FLOOR

TEAC

HERS

’ OFF

ICE

ELEV

.

UP

UP

DN

SLID

E

GAT

LIBRA R HERIN Y + G AR EA

UP

MED IA C FLEX ENTER + SPAC E

UP UP

UP

STUD

IO 1 STUD

IO 2 STUD

IO 3

OCC

UPIA

BLE S

STUD

UNS

PACE

IO 4 STUD

IO 5 STUD

IO 6

Overview Page 6

SECOND FLOOR

Tenn er W ay

.

STOR AG SERV E + ICE

UP

DISP LA

SE

SE

NUR

CE

EREN

CON F

NG

NSELI

COU

STORAGE

VP

ION

EPT

REC

ilton

Ham

CE

RAN

ENTE

Ave

UP

MAIN

EA

G AR

OUT SIDE RAIN GA R SEAT ING DEN + & LE ARN IN

HALF BASKETBALL COURT HOMEWOOD PLAYGROUND & SWIMMING POOL

E BA PTIST

NAZ ERIN

CHU

GROUND FLOOR

RCH

e

BAY SICK CRET ARY

UP

UP

Ln D

rive

BIKE RACKS

IUM STOR AGE EENS

EN

GAR D

Y SCR

ERIA

CAFE T

DISP LA GAT Y AND HERIN G

GREE NHO USE

B

K LA

THIN

RDEN

R GA

DOO

OUT

Park

Av

ng

La

N

BUS DRO OFF P

OUT DO SERV OR ICE AREA

CIPA

L PRIN

ITOR /AUD GYM

lty St

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

GRO

UND PLAY

ELEV HA STUD NDS ON ENT KITCH EN

Nove

STOR

AGE

Y OF

CARN EGIE LIBRA R

ABA

OD

EWO

HOM

D HO SORI MEWOO D MO SCHO NTESOL

NDO NE

Overview Page 7

Stone Coping

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

Flashing Brick Veneer Brick Tie 3.5” Rigid Insulation (R13) Vapor Barrier

IECC 2015 CO MPLI A NCE

CMU Block Reglet Flashing Cant Asphalt Roofing 8” Rigid Insulation (R32) 6” Decking

WALL DETAIL

1/2” Panel W24x104 Beam 6” Batt Insulation (R19) 6" Steel Studs

In compliance with Table C402.1.3 in IECC 2015. For climate zone 5, the code specifies R-13 + R-7.5ci for metal framed buildings. This detail shows 3.5” of rigid insulation and 6” of batt insulation which equates to a total of R-13ci + R-19, and that is not including the R-values of the other building materials in the envelope.

6” Batt Insulation (R19) Weep Hole Steel Angle Gypsum Wall Board (GWB)

LightLouver™ Daylighting System Mecho ElectroShades™ Kawneer™ 8450 TL Double Hung Under Fixed Window Assembly

FDC™ GT1175 Telescope 6-panel Sliding Glass Doors

Exterior Stone Sill Interior Wood Sill Stamped Concrete Flooring

GWB Metal Framing

Kawneer GlassVent™ Project Out Window

Armstrong TECTUM™ Shapes & Clouds Acoustic Ceiling Mecho ElectroShades™ Double Shades

Overview Page 8

Centria Versawall™ R20 Insulated Soffit Panel

SECTION DETAIL 1 SCALE 1’ = 1-1/2”

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

VELUX Ridgelight™ Operable Skylight

Stone Coping Flashing Brick Veneer Brick Tie

3.5” Rigid Insulation (R13)

Soil Filter Fabric

Vapor Barrier

Water Resevoir

8" CMU Block

Sheet Barrier

Reglet Flashing Cant

4" CMU Block Flashing 8" CMU Block Brick Tie Reglet

8” Rigid Insulation (R32)

Flashing

6” Decking

Cant

1/2” Panel

Vapor Barrier

W24x104 Beam

6” Batt Insulation (R19)

6” Decking GWB

Steel Angle

Metal Framing w/ 3.5” batt insulation (R11)

Weep Hole

Beam

Steel Angle

Kawneer™ 8400 TL Thermal Fixed Windows

ROOF DETAIL Steel Truss Atrium Structure

Exterioir Stone Sill Interioir wood Sill

In compliance with Table C402.1.3 in IECC 2015. For climate zone 5, the code specifies R-30ci for insulation entirely above the roof deck. This detail shows 8” of rigid insulation which equates to R32.

Asphalt Roofing

Gypsum Wall Board (GWB) Metal Framing

Mecho ElectroShades™ Double Shades

Kawneer Glassvent™ Project Out Window

FDC™ GT1175 Telescope 6-panel Sliding Glass Doors

Overview Page 9

SECTION DETAIL 2 SCALE 1’ = 1-1/2”

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

ELE VAT I O N S

SOUTH ELEVATION WWR = 38%

Fenestration Type

PF

SHGC Requirements

SPECS

classrooms

< 0.2

0.4

0.05 - 0.40

think lab

> 0.5

0.64

0.05 - 0.53

atrium

< 0.2

0.4

0.05 - 0.40

According to Section C402.4.1.1, “In Climate Zones 1 through 6, not more than 40% of the gross abovegrade wall area shall be permitted to be vertical fenestration, provided: • In buildings three or more stories above grade, not less than 25% of the net floor area is within a daylight zone.

• Daylight responsive controls complying with Section C405.2.3.1 are installed in daylight zones.

• Visible transmittance (VT) of vertical fenestration is not less than 1.1 times solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC).”

TOTAL WWR = 38%

**NOTE: the following spaces are excluded from this section:

- the greenhouse

- spaces that do not contain conditioned space

SOUTH ELEVATION

Overview Page 10

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva SOUTH ELEVATION

EAST ELEVATION WWR = 41%

Fenestration Type

PF

SHGC Requirements

SPECS

atrium

<0.2

0.4

0.05 - 0.40

classooms

<0.2

0.4

0.05 - 0.40

•

Approximately 85% of the net floor area is within a daylight zone (The net floor area is approximately 87,250 sq ft) • Daylight Controls: The design uses ElectroShade, a motorized shade system which enables “controlled solar shading [and] maximizing [of] daylighting and view” as a result of an extensive line of sun screens and blackout shades with densities ranging from 0 to 15% openness factor.

Additionally, the system offers controls designed to provide integrated solutions, ranging from sun-activated, to remote and wireless control, to local and group control.

• As detailed in the product specifications for the Kawneer 8450TL Window Assembly, the VT ranges from 0.03 to 0.52, while the SHGC ranges from 0.05 to 0.53. Therefore the LSG ratio ranges from 0.6 to 0.98, and is always less than 1.1. Hence, the VT and SHGC values satisfy the code.

Since the design meets the above performance criteria, up to 40% of the wall area can be vertical fenestration. In this way, the South, East and North elevations meet the WWR requirements prescribed by the code.

EAST ELEVATION

EAST ELEVATION

Overview Page 11

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

NORTH ELEVATION WWR = 60%

Fenestration Type

PF

SHGC Requirements

SPECS

atrium

< 0.2

0.53

0.05 - 0.53

offices/gym

~ 0.2-0.5

0.58

0.05 - 0.53

U-factor: The ECS satisfies the requirements for U-factor values outlined in the code, as the design uses KawneerTM 8450TL Double-Hung Under-Fixed Window Assemblies for windows and the VELUX RidgelightTM Operable Skylight for skylights. Both of these meet the U-factor requirements as outlined in their respective specifications: KawneerTM 8450TL Double-Hung Under-Fixed Window Assemblies: The glass U-factor ranges from 0.20 to 0.48. In the case of fixed windows, an assembly with a U-factor between 0.20 and 0.38 will satisfy code requirements. In the case of operable windows, an assembly with a U-factor between 0.20 and 0.45 will satisfy code requirements.

SOUTH ELEVATION VELUX RidgelightTM Operable Skylight: As mentioned in the product specifications, the U-factor of a double-glazed skylight is 0.2 Btu/h/ft2/F, which is within the code-mandated maximum of 0.50.

NORTH ELEVATION

Overview Page 12

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva SOUTH ELEVATION

WEST ELEVATION WWR = 13%

Fenestration Type

PF

SHGC Requirements

SPECS

atrium

< 0.2

0.4

0.05 - 0.40

classrooms

< 0.2

0.4

0.05 - 0.40

WC

> 0.5

0.64

0.05 - 0.53

SHGC values: These assemblies also meet the SHGC value requirements as outlined in their respective specifications: KawneerTM 8450TL Double-Hung Under-Fixed Window Assemblies: -South, East and West Elevations: Both the classroom and atrium glazing have a projection factor (PF) less than 0.2. A range of 8400TL window assemblies, with an SHGC between 0.05 - 0.40 would satisfy the code requirements. The glazing of the Think Lab (south facade) and the WCs (west facade) has a PF greater than 0.5, so the range of 8400TL products with an SHGC between 0.05 and 0.53 would satisfy code requirements.

-North Elevation: The glazing on the atrium has a PF less than 0.2, so a range of assemblies with SHGC values between 0.05 - 0.53 would satisfy EAST ELEVATION EAST ELEVATION code requirements The glazing on the office spaces and the gym has a PF between 0.2 and 0.5, so a range of assemblies with SHGC values between 0.05 - 0.53 would satisfy code requirements.

VELUX RidgelightTM Operable Skylight: According to product specifications, the SHGC value of the skylights in the ECS roof is 0.27, which is less than the code-mandated maximum of 0.40.

NORTH ELEVATION

WEST ELEVATION

WEST ELEVATION

Overview Page 13 ELEVATIONS SCALE 1’ = 1/8”

ELEVATIONS SCALE 1’ = 1/8”

SYSTEM I NTEG RATI O N M ATRI X

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

System Integration Matrix Page 14

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

L I G H TING ST RAT EG IE S

ATRIUM TOPLIGHTING A skylight is a glazed aperture in the roof of a building, placed there to bring in light incident on the roof and redirect it into the building. An atrium is one of the devices that can be used to redirect light entering a building through one or more skylights.

This design for the ECS utilizes 10 VELUX RidgelightTM Operable Skylights. The skylight system consists of two

rows of self-supporting skylights that are placed flush against each other and thus bring natural light in to the atrium below. The linear atrium is approximately 75’ tall and is open on the north and east sides, which helps redirect the light entering through the skylights to the lower floors. The glazing surrounding the atrium enables the light to travel as far as the classrooms and supplement the side-lighting strategies employed there.

+75 FT

+60 FT

+45 FT CLASSROOM

+30 FT CLASSROOM

+15 FT

+0 FT VERTICAL HERB GARDEN

THINK LAB HAMILTON AVE

classroom corridor with most challenging orientation (refer to page 17)

N-S SECTION SCALE 1’ = 3/16”

Lighting Strategies Page 15

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

STUDIO 10

STUDIO 12

STUDIO 11

CLASSROOM SIDELIGHTING

E SUNSPACE

Side-lighting Strategy — Louver System: A louver system is a side-lighting strategy that involves Stone Coping the use of an window-mounted apparatusFlashing that diffuses Brick Veneer and redirects light while reducing glare.

Flashing

The daylighting strategy in the classrooms employ Brick Veneer Vapor Barrier the LightLouverTM daylighting system, also used Brick Tie CMU Block in the Manassas Park Elementary School described Rigid Insulation Reglet in Daylighting Design: Planning Strategies and Best Vapor Barrier Flashing CMU Block Practice Solutions by Boubekri. As a result Cant of the Reglet P Asphalt Roofing U classroom windows being on the south facade, a large Flashing Rigid Insulation amount of light enters these rooms. The LightLouverTM Cant Decking system uses its fishbone structure to induce multiple UP Asphalt Roofing Panel

Decking Panel

6" Steel Studs

W24x104 Beam

Batt Insulation

Batt Insulation

Weep Hole

LIBRARY + GATHERING AREA

LIBRARY + GATHERING AREA

Batt Insulation

UP SUSTAINABILITY Passive Solar Strategies UP SUSTAINABILITY SLIDE DN

6" Steel Studs

Steel Angle

Batt Insulation

Gypsum Wall Board (GWB)

LightLouver™ UP Solar Strategies Daylighting System Passive heatingPassive and cooling strategies are utilized by using a combination of: Mecho ElectroShades™ SLIDE DN Kawneer™ 8450 TL Passive heating and cooling strategies Double Hung Under Fixed Window Assembly -floor materials are utilized by using a combination of: -double skin facade -LightLouverTM -floor System materials -operable shades and windows.

-double skin facade UP -LightLouverTM System -operable shades and windows.

UP

Passive heating and cooling strategies are utilized by using a combination of: floor materials, double skin facade system, LightLouverTM System, operable shades and windows.

Rigid Insulation

W24x104 Beam

S’ OFFICE

+

Stone Coping

Brick Tie Rigid Insulation

reflections of the incident sunlight and redirects all of it deeper into the classrooms, thereby optimizing daylight penetration during both the summer and the winter. Moreover, use of the louver system eliminates glare while ensuring no direct beam light is entering workspaces. This maximizes visual comfort for the occupants (students and teachers).

Weep Hole Steel Angle Gypsum Wall Board (GWB)

UP

LightLouver™ Daylighting System

Mecho ElectroShades™ Kawneer™ 8450 TL Double Hung Under Fixed Window Assembly

UP FDC™ GT1175 Telescope 6-panel Sliding Glass Doors

UP FDC™ GT1175 Telescope 6-panel Sliding Glass Doors

Exterior Stone Sill Interior Wood Sill Stamped Concrete Flooring Exterior Stone Sill Interior Wood Sill Stamped Concrete Flooring

GWB

linoleum flooring

Metal Framing

GWB

stamped concrete

linoleum flooring

Metal Framing

Kawneer GlassVent™ Project Out Window

Armstrong TECTUM™ Shapes & Clouds Acoustic Ceiling

Kawneer GlassVent™ Project Out Window

Mecho ElectroShades™ Double Shades

Armstrong Shapes &

stamped concrete

Mecho Ele Double Sh

STUDIO 3

STUDIO 2

STUDIO 4

OCCUPIABLE SUNSPACE STUDIO 3

STUDIO 6

STUDIO 5 STUDIO 4

Lighting Strategies Page 16

OCCUPIABLE SUNSPACE

STUDIO 5

STUDIO 6

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

ACTIVE LIGHTING When daylighting is not sufficient, Phillips SmartBalance Suspended, SpaceWise luminaire is utilized. With Philips SpaceWise, occupants can enjoy the benefits of controls – e.g. energy savings, visual comfort and personal control – without having to create a wired infrastructure. The light is dimmable not only mannually, but automatically– based on daylight conditions. They relate to presence/movement detection and daylight harvesting.

These luminaires would be both in the classroom and the corridor, spaced parallel to the North and South walls– that way the zones of light can be parallel to the amount of daylight that filters into the spaces.

Typical Classroom Calculation: IECC 2015

Watts/ft2 Method:

IECC 2018

LPD = 1.24 W/ft2 Classroom Area = 1408 ft2 Watts per luminaire = 31.5 W

LPD = 0.96 W/ft2 Classroom Area = 1408 ft2 Watts per luminaire = 31.5 W

1.24 W/ft2 * 1408 ft2 = 1,745.92 W 1,745.92 W ÷ 31.5 W/luminaire = 55.4

0.96 W/ft2 * 1408 ft2 = 1,351.68 W 1,351.68 W ÷ 31.5 W/luminaire = 42.9

= 55 luminaires

= 42 luminaires

Zonal Cavity Method: CRC = 5(hrc)(l+w) ÷ l*w = 5(9.25)(44+32) ÷ 1408 = 5.19 CU (80% ceiling, 50% walls, 30% workplane) = 1.17 LMF after 50K hours = 1.0 lumens per luminaire = 3500 lm Total lumens = 55 luminaires * 3500 lm/luminaire

= 192,500 lumens Foot Candles = total lumens * CU * LMF ÷ area

= 192,500 * 1.17 * 1.0 ÷ 1408 = 159.96 fc

Total lumens = 42 luminaires * 3500 lm/luminaire

= 147,000 lumens Foot Candles = total lumens * CU * LMF ÷ area

= 147,000 * 1.17 * 1.0 ÷ 1408 = 122.15 fc

IESNA RP-1: Using category P for age >65 because the school has community functions, plus the lights are dimmable.

Category P = 600 lux ÷ 10.76 = 55.76 fc # of luminaires = (illuminance * area) ÷ (lumens per luminaire * CU * LMF)

= (55.76 * 1408) ÷ (3500 * 1.17 * 1.0) = 19.17 = 20 luminaires

Lighting Strategies Page 17

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

OU T D O O R AI R + V E N T I L AT I O N LOCAL AIR QUALITY Ozone and Particle Pollution Data from American Lung Associationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 2018 State of the Air Report Ozone and particle pollution are the two dominant kinds of air pollution in the United States. Both have extremely harmful effects on people. Ground-level ozone causes respiratory problems as it aggressively attacks lung tissue

by reacting chemically with it. Exposure to ozone can cause short-term breathing problems, cardiovascular effects and premature death. Additionally, particle pollution is particularly harmful to childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s health.

Particle pollution (PM2.5)

- Average 24-hr exposure

- Grade: F

- Number of high particle pollution days in 2014-16: 24

Orange: 21

Re d: 3

- Average annual exposure

- Grade: Fail

Ground level ozone

- Grade: F

- Number of high ozone days in 2014-16: 21

Humidity Pittsburgh is extremely humid throughout the year, with humidity levels ranging from 60-70%, and averaging at 68.6%.

OA + Ventilation Page 18

Atrium View

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

CONSIDERATION OF OA QUALITY IN VENTILATION DESIGN The design for ECS incorporates a number of measures to address outdoor air quality.

• The mechanical ventilation system is distinct from the heating/cooling system, both due to the higher energy efficiency of having separate systems, as well as due to the low OA quality (since combined systems rely on fresh air).

• An energy-recovery ventilator is the main ventilation equipment. Since these systems do not dehumidify, a separate dehumidifier is used to address the high moisture content in incoming outside air.

• All selected equipment possess MERV ratings of 8 or above due to the high particulate content of the outside air.

• The placement of operable windows on the on all facades, as well as inclusion of operable skylights, allows for both cross and stack ventilation. Moreover, the use of plants throughout the atrium space, especially along the main central staircase, enables dehumidification, cooling and purification of incoming outside air as it travels up the space.

OA VOLUME CALCULATION - IMC 2015 Second Floor Classroom Corridor Total minimum required OA volume= Area OA volume (corridor) + OA volume (6 classrooms) OA volume (corridor): Corridor area: 2,537.57 sq ft Area OA rate: 0.06 OA volume = 152.25 cfm

OA volume (classroom): Classroom area: Area OA rate:

Occupancy (based on IMC 2015): 0.035*1409.35 = 49 People OA rate:

OA + Ventilation Page 19

Total minimum required OA volume = 4,106.98 cfm Trunk duct size: 22.5” diameter (round) Branch duct size: 11.75” diameter (round)

1409.35 ft2 0.12

10

Minimum required OA volume (1409.35*0.12) + (49*10) = 659.122 cfm Min. required OA volume for 6 classrooms = 6 * 659.122 = 3,954.73 cfm

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

Think Lab (Occupancy Classification: Education - Media Center) Think Lab area: 1957.91 sq ft Area OA rate: 0.12 Occupancy (based on IMC 2015): 0.025*1957.91 = 48 People OA rate: 10 Minimum required OA volume = (1957.91*0.12) + (48*10) = 714.95 cfm

Branch duct size: 12.25â&#x20AC;? diameter (round)

MECHANICAL VENTILATION The design uses an ERV, or an Energy Recovery Ventilator, which is a system that uses the energy contained in air being exhausted from the building to partly condition (heat or cool) incoming outdoor air. ERVs are selected based on a strategy oThe ventilation system is separate from the heating and cooling system, due to the energy efficiency of having separate systems for ventilation and heating/cooling. Moreover, while the design uses an air-based ventilation system, it uses a water-based heating and cooling system rather than an air-based one, due to the high spaceefficiency of water-based systems.

Mechanical ventilation equipment chosen based on capacity needed.

OA Calculations for Whole Building Loads: Zone 1: Administrative

Reception (Offices: Reception Area)

Area: 7,257.12 sq ft

Area OA rate: 0.06

Occupancy (based on IMC 2015): 0.03*7257.12 = 217

People OA rate: 5

Minimum required OA volume = (7257.12*0.06) + (217*5) = 1,520.42 cfm

Offices (Offices: Office Spaces)

Area: 1,915.85 sq ft

Area OA rate: 0.06

Occupancy (based on IMC 2015): 0.005*1915.85 = 9

People OA rate: 5

Minimum required OA volume = (1361.93*0.06) + (9*5) = 126.71 cfm

Total minimum required OA volume = 1,647.13 cfm

OA + Ventilation Page 20

Zone 2: Classrooms

Classrooms (Education: Classrooms age 9+)

Area: 18,051.2 sq ft

Area OA rate: 0.12

Occupancy (based on IMC 2015): 0.035*18,051.2 = 631

People OA rate: 5

Minimum required OA volume = (18,051.2*0.12) + (631*10) = 8,476.14 cfm

Zone 3: Multi-use Assembly

Includes Think Lab, Greenhouse/Cafeteria, Gym/Auditorium and flex space

Area: 23,853.43 sq ft

Area OA rate: 0.06

Occupancy (based on IMC 2015): 0.1*23853.43 = 2,385

People OA rate: 7.5

Minimum required OA volume = (23853.43*0.06) + (2385*7.5) = 19,318.7 cfm

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

ERV Product Info + Specs: Zone 1: Administrative

Total minimum required OA volume = 1,647.13 cfm

Product Name: HE1.5XINH

Quantity: 1

Application Type: Indoor

Ventilation Type: Static plate, heat and humidity transfer

Typical Airflow Range: 375-1,575 CFM

AHRI 1060 Certified Core: One L62-G5, One L125-G5

OA Filter(s): Total Qty. 2, MERV 8: 14” x 20” x 2” and 16” x 20” x 2”

RA Filter(s): Total Qty. 2, MERV 8: 14” x 20” x 2” and 16” x 20” x 2”

Unit Dimensions & Weight: 48 3/4” L x 34 1/2” W x 53 3/4” H, 337-504 lbs. (varies by option) Zone 2: Classrooms

Total minimum required OA volume: 8,476.14 cfm

Product Name: HE4XINH

Quantity: 2

Application Type: Indoor

Ventilation Type: Static plate, heat and humidity transfer

Typical Airflow Range: 1,000-4,400 CFM

AHRI 1060 Certified Core: Four L125-G5

OA Filter(s): Total Qty. 4, MERV 8: 20” x 20” x 2”

RA Filter(s): Total Qty. 4, MERV 8: 20” x 20” x 2”

Unit Dimensions & Weight: 72 3/4” L x 82 3/4” W x 44” H, 723-1,092 lbs. (varies by option) Zone 3: Multi-use Assembly

Total minimum required OA volume: 19,318.7 cfm

Product Name: HE6XINH

Quantity: 3

Application Type: Indoor

Ventilation Type: Static plate, heat and humidity transfer

Typical Airflow Range: 1,500-6,500 CFM

AHRI 1060 Certified Core: Six L125-G5

OA Filter(s): Total Qty. 6, MERV 8: 20” x 20” x 2”

RA Filter(s): Total Qty. 6, MERV 8: 20” x 20” x 2”

Unit Dimensions & Weight: 88” L x 113 1/2” W x 81 3/4” H, 2,235-3,099 lbs. (varies by option)

Calculations for the main duct size and the duct size for each classroom.

Main Duct: Total minimum required OA volume = 4,106.98 cfm Using the friction loss method and assuming a supply rate of 0.1 WC/100 ft and an exhaust rate of 0.08 WC/100 ft, the main duct size is 22.5” in diameter.

Classroom Duct Sizing: Minimum required OA volume for one classroom = 659.122 cfm Using the friction loss method and assuming a supply rate of 0.1 WC/100 ft and an exhaust rate of 0.08 WC/100 ft, the classroom duct size is 11.75”

OA + Ventilation Page 21

O8 STUD

IO 9 UPIA

BLE S

STUD

UNS

IO 10

Layout of ventilation system for classrooms PACE

STUD

IO 11 STUD

IO 12

THIRD FLOOR

TEAC

HERS

’ OFF

ICE

ELEV .

UP

UP

DN

SLID

E

LIB GAT RARY + HERIN G AR

EA

UP

MED IA C FLEX ENTER + SPAC E

Duct MEP coming room from belo w

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

OCC

UP

Branch: 11.75” diameter

Trun k

: 22.5

UP

” dia mete

r

UP

STUD

IO 1 STUD

IO 2 STUD

IO 3

6 diffusers per classroom

OCC

UPIA

BLE S

STUD

UNS

PACE

IO 4 STUD

IO 5 STUD

IO 6

SECOND FLOOR

COU

VP

STOR

ING

GYM

/AUD

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This choice for a mechanical ventilation system is sustainable for the following reasons: • An indoor unit is more energy-efficient than a rooftop unit as rooftop units have to contend with heat gain and external climate conditions whereas indoor units do not.

• ERVs are highly energy efficient as they utilize heat exchange and are able to redirect some of the heat (or coolth) from exhaust air towards conditioning incoming outside air.

Ham iltonallows for more judicious • Additionally, separating the ventilation system from the heating/cooling system Ave use of space and conservation of energy.

UP • Since the OA airflow is over 3,000 cfm, a demand-control system is used. This allows for the system to NUR SE operate only when the room is in use and based on the needs of the occupants. MA BUS D IN EN

TERA

NCE

UP

ION

EPT

CON

REC

FERE

OA + Ventilation Page 22

ENS

SECR

ETAR

Y

STORAGE

DISP LA GAT Y AND HERIN G STOR AG SERV E + ICE

UP

UP

OUT

DO

N

Way

SCRE

LF BASKETBALL COURT

AGE

LAY

BIKE RACKS

STOR DISP

PRIN CIPA

L

NCE

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

LOA D C A LC U L AT I O N S

Typical Classroom Load

Note that the classroom loads are really low because of the passive heating and cooling strategies implemented.

Assembly Space: Think Lab Load

Total Building Load

Load Calculations Page 23

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

TEAC

HERSâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

OFFIC

E

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UP

UP

LI GATH BRARY + ERIN G AR EA

UP MED IA C FLEX ENTER + SPAC E

M EC H ANIC AL HE AT ING & CO O LING SYST E M DN

SLID

E

UP

UP

UP

THERMAL ZONES STUD

IO 1

The school is thermally divided STUD into these 4 zones: IO 2

Large Assembly Space - which STincludes Gym/Auditorium, Cafeteria, and Think Lab. UDIO 3

Open Spaces/Atrium - which includes large circulation spaces and multipurpose open spaces in the atrium.

OCC STUD UPIA IO 4 BLE SU NSPA CE in the second and third floor.

Classrooms - which includes all 12 studios STUD IO 5

Offices/Reception - includes admin and teacher spaces.

ST UDIO

6

SECOND FLOOR

Nove

lty St

The reason why these zones are grouped together is because they have similar performance demands and similar spatial qualities.

Ham

ilton

Ave

NUR

SE MAIN

COU

VP

NG

GYM

/AUD

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UP OUTD O SERV OR ICE AREA

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OUTS

R IDE SE AIN GAR D ATIN G & EN + LEAR NING

AREA

Heating & Cooling Page 24

HOMEWOOD PLAYGROUND & SWIMMING POOL

Park

rive

Ln D

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STOR AG SERV E + ICE

ND

STORAGE

DISP LA GATH Y AND ERIN G

PLAYG

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48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

ROOF

ELEV .

UP

DN

SLID

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LI GATH BRARY + ERIN G AR EA

MED IA C FLEX ENTER + SPAC E

UP

STUD

IO 7 STUD

IO 8 STUD

IO 9

OCC

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STUD

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IO 10 STUD

IO 11 STUD

IO 12

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UP

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IO 1 STUD

IO 2 STUD

IO 3

OCC

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STUD

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IO 4

NSPA

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STUD

IO 5 STUD

IO 6

SECOND FLOOR

elty St

Heating & Cooling Page 25

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

SYSTEM LAYOUT The school uses a radiant floor heating system with geothermal loop (refer to the Renewable Energy section for more information on the use of geothermal energy). Also known as underfloor heating and cooling, this system achieves thermal comfort through convection, conduction and radiation. This particular system is a hydronic one, i.e. it uses pipes carrying heated fluid (usually water) to heat the floor, and then relies on radiation to heat the entire room.

Above is a diagram of how the system works. This system is able to be coupled with the hot water tanks shown in the next section.

Heating & Cooling Page 26

In the school, the heat pump is located in the MEP room in the basement. The distribution pipes are located in the two main water walls.

E STUD

IO 11 IO 12

IO 7

THIRD FLOOR STUD

IO 8 STUD

Layout of Heat & Cooling System for Typical Classroom and the Think Lab IO 9

OCC STUD UPIA IO 10 BLE SU HERS’ OFFIC NSPA E CE

TEAC

UP

STUD

ELEV .

IO 11 STUD

UP MED IA C FLEX ENTER + SPAC E

HERS’

SLID

E

LI GATH BRARY + ERIN G AR EA

DN TEAC

OFFIC

E

UP

UP UP

UP

DN

SLID

E

LI GATH BRARY + ERIN G AR EA

UP

MED IA C FLEX ENTER + SPAC E

Distributed from water wall, which connects to the basement MEP room

IO 12

THIRD FLOOR UP

ELEV .

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

STUD STUD

UP UP

STUD

UP

IO 1 STUD

IO 2 STUD

IO 3

OCC

UPIA

STUD

BLE SU

IO 4

NSPA

CE

STUD

UP

IO 5 STUD

IO 6

STUD

SECOND FLOOR

IO 1 STUD

IO 2 STUD

IO 3

OCC

UPIA

STUD

BLE SU

IO 4

NSPA

CE

STUD

IO 5 STUD

IO 6

Nove

lty St

SECOND FLOOR

Ham

ilton

Ave

NUR

SE MAIN

COU

VP

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Ham

ilton

L

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TERIA

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DISP LA GATH Y AND ERIN G

STOR AG SERV E + ICE

UP THIN

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B

UP OUTD

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Heating & Cooling Page 27

HA STUD NDS ON ENT KITCH EN

OUTD O SERV OR ICE AREA

GREE

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OUTS

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STOR AG SERV E + ICE

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.

UP

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

EQUIPMENT Heat Pump: Bosch WSHP (Water-Source Heat Pump)

Model Number:

Power Supply:

Net Weight:

Net Dimensions:

Heating Capacity (Water Loop):

Cooling Capacity (Water Loop):

EER (Water Loop):

Quantity:

Floor Pipes:

Code:

GTIN:

GW/GL/WLSH-100D3A 380V/3Ph/50Hz 620 kg (1364 lbs) 1168mm x 711mm x 1778mm 108.4 kW 80.1 kW 4.07 4

TASSU100S 6418677637797

Sustainable rationale for choice given.

• • • • • •

A radiant heating system is highly-space efficient as it in installed in the floor as a system of pipes carrying heating/cooling fluid. It is also typically about 20 - 40% more energy efficient than an air-based heating/cooling system.

Radiant floor systems also prevent moisture damage and allow for healthy indoor air quality (due to reduction of reliance on outdoor air).

The use of geothermal as a renewable resource is a highly energy efficient and cost efficient choice.

Radiant heating provides greater thermal comfort at a lower temperature set point than forced- air heat.

Allow even heating throughout the whole floor, not just in localized spots.

The system has less infiltration than other systems.

Heating & Cooling Page 28

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

WATE R S T RAT EG I E S

IPC 2015 WATER FIXTURES

According to IPC 2015, the amount of water fixtures needed for the 400 people in ECS is: • WC 1 for 50 4 for men*, 4 for women • sinks 1 for 50 4 for men, 4 for women • drinking fountain 1 per 100 4 total drinking fountains • 1 service sink *According to section 419 in IPC 2015, you may replace up to 67% of WCs to urinals, hence, I chose to replace 50%.

TOTAL WATER FIXTURES & % SAVINGS The code only requires 8 total WCs, which seems too small of a number for an entire school, especially when accounting for large assemblies and a large amount of people needing to use the bathroom in a short amount of time. Therefore, the following warer fixtures is what makes sense for the types of spaces they are serving.

Ground Floor

Second Floor

9 general WCs 3 urinals 6 general sinks 5 kitchen sinks 1 dishwasher 1 teacher’s WC 1 teacher’s sink 1 nurse’s sink 2 water fountains

6 general WCs 2 urinals 4 general sinks 1 teacher’s WC 1 teacher’s sink 1 kitchen sink 1 water fountain

Third Floor

6 general WCs 2 urinals 4 general sinks 1 water fountain

TOTAL: total # of fixtures

IPC 2015 value

high effieciency

WCs

23

1.6 gpf

Dual flush (1.6/0.8 gpf )

40% (based on 0.96 gpf avg)

sinks

23

2.2 gpm

0.5 gpm

77.3%

urinals

7

1.0 gpf

0.125 gpf

87.5%

TOTAL WATER USAGE According to the Water Use Intensity (WUI) data in the 2012 eia Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey, an average school WUI is between 10-14 gal/ft2. Because the ECS has a greenhouse and alot of geenery insidwe and outside the building, the WUI would be higher and closer to 15 gal/ft2. Since the total square footage of the ECS is 73, 270 ft2, an estimate of about 1,099,050 gallons per year is used.

% saving

Water Strategies Page 29

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

TOTAL WATER SAVINGS EPA Water Sense data distributes water consumption based on use type (shown on the right). Using the estimated total water usage from the previous section, these are the distributions: • Kitchen/Dishwashing 7% = 76,933.5 gallons/yr • Landscaping 28% = 307,734 gallons/yr • Domestic/Restroom 45% = 494,572.5 gallons/yr • No pool or laundry removes 4% = 43,962 gallons/yr kitchen/dishwashing Using efficient EnergyStar commercial dishwashers saves about 50% of water consumption, according to EnergyStar data.

76,933.5 gallons * 50% reduction = 38,466.75 gallons/year landscaping Use water smart landscaping and irrigation practices, and use low-water requirement plants inside and outside. These practices results in a 50% reduction according to EPA WaterSense.

307,734 gallons is the estimated water use per year, but when using EPA’s Water Use calculator, since the area that needs to be irrigated is 26,150 ft2, it is estimated that the water need would be 42,000 gal/month— with 50% reduction = 21,000 gallons/month = 252,000 gallons/year

# of WC uses

200 female

200*3 = 600

200 male

200*1 = 200

Gallons Used

by Code-Based WC

Gallons Used by HiPerformance WC

1.6 gpf*600=

0.96 gpf*600=

960gal/day

576gal/day

1.6 gpf*200=

0.96 gpf*200=

320gal/day

192gal/day

Sustainable landscaping

# of urinal uses

Gallons Used

by Code-based Urinals

Gallons Used

by HiPerf Urinals

0

0

0

1.0 gpf*400=

0.125 gpf*400=

400gal/day

50gal/day

domestic/restroom Sinks are estimated to be used for 3 times a day for 30 seconds, so for 400 people it would be 400*3=1,200 for 0.5min at a time.

Code based 2.2gpm*1,200*0.5min = 1,320 gal/day Energy efficient 0.5gpm*1,200*0.5min = 300 gal/day Total Code Based gal/day Total Energy Efficient gal/day

200*2 = 400

LEED estimates to number of uses per day

= 3,000 gal/day = 1,118 gal/day

If you assume 5 days per week for 52 weeks per year (this excludes holidays) but includes summers due to year round community activities, that would be 260 days and the water used per year would be: Code based = 3,000gal/day * 260 days = 780,000 gal/yr Energy Efficient = 1,118gal/day * 260days = 290,680 gal/yr Total Saved = 489,320 gal/yr = 63% reduction

-sinks are estimated to be used for 3 times a day for 30 seconds

Total Saving = 38,466.75 gallons/year in dishwashing + 252,000 gallons/year in landscaping + 489,320 galons/year in domestic/restrooms = 779,786.75 gallons/year = 70.2% reduction

Water Strategies Page 30

From 1,099,050 gallons per year to about 320,000 gallons/year.

SLIDE

LIB GATHE

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

HARVESTED WATER Harvested water captured from the roof and street run off captured in the rain garden are stored and used to supply year round WC/urinal water loads, plus irrigation loads.

STUDIO 9

STUDIO 10

OCCUPIABLE SUNSPACE

STUDIO 11

STUDIO 12

Rain Garden Catchment

As shown in the drawing on the right, there is a lot of run off water from the south of the site. Therefore, a rain garden was added to absorb and harvest some of that water. The site water is directed to the rain garden which relieves load off the street drains.

• Site catchment area goal = 190,000 ft2 • The maximum monthly rain harvesting potential with 80% efficiency is 378,784 gal/month. The lowest monthly average is 274,618.4 gal/month.

• The yearly average is 327,490.3 gallons/month Therefore, when using NRCS rain garden sizing calculations, the rain garden needs a depth of at least 30”, since the surface area is 2,000 ft2.

UP

TEACHERS’ OFFICE

UP

UP

MEDIA CENTER + FLEX SPACE

DN

SLIDE

UP

UP

UP

Roof Catchment

STUDIO 1

STUDIO 2

2 LOO The net roof catchment area (excluding area of skylight and ND F equipments) is 28,500 ft . Because the roof is SECO a membrane with 90% efficiency, it collects an average of 55,264 gal/month, but only 38,723 gal/month is needed. Therefore, by the end of the year, the cummulative surplus would be 198,488 gallons, which needs 26,536 cubic feet of storage. The surplus water would be useful during dry seasons and when planting and irrigation might be higher in the gardens.

STUDIO 3

STUDIO 4

R

STUDIO 5

STUDIO 6

OCCUPIABLE SUNSPACE

NAZERINE BAPTIST CHURCH

The cistern will be located below-grade to protect from freezing, with a height if 8’ for standard below-grade excavation. It will be located below the basketball court for ease-of-access and close proximity to the rain garden and building. Below is the calculation for a cylindrical cistern: V= πr2h 26,536 ft3= π * r2 * 8’ r = 32.5 ft

CARNEGIE LIBRARY O Hamilton Ave

STORAGE N

IO

PT

CE

E

RAG

STO DISPLAY SCREENS

cistern location

ng A

ve

BASK

N La

SECRETARY

ETB

32

CONFERENCE

PLAYGROUND

.5

ft

RE

UP

HALF

STORAGE

VP COUNSELING

RACKS

BUS DROP OFF

NURSE

BIKE

ELEV.

UP

PRINCIPAL

GYM/AUDITORIUM

Novelty St

SICK BAY

MAIN ENTERANCE

OURT ALL C

ELEV.

252,000 gallons/year for landscaping + 212,680 gallon/year for WC/urinals OOR D FL THIR = 464,680 gal/year non potable water needed = 38,723 gal/month

LIBRARY + GATHERING AREA

DN

UP UP

DISPLAY AND GATHERING

STORAGE + SERVICE

ner Way

Water Strategies Page 31

OUTDOOR SERVICE AREA

HANDS ON STUDENT KITCHEN

GREENHOUSE CAFETERIA GARDEN THINK LAB

OUTDOOR GARDEN

RAIN GARDEN + OUTSIDE SEATING & LEARNING AREA

U

GRO

rain garden

ND &

ROU

-

SWIM

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

POTABLE & HOT WATER Potable water would be used for drinking fountains, dishwasher and sinks. Only the dishwasher and sinks need hot water. It is assumed 30% of hot water goes to dishwashing and 70% goes to faucets.

• Based on 2015 ASHRAE, junior and senior high schools use a maximum hourly of 1 gal or hot water per person.

• Therefore, for 400 people, it would be 400 gal/hour.

• 30% - dishwashing - 120 gal/hr • 70% - faucets - 280 gal/hr Applying the water saving strategies from before, there is a 50% reduction for dishwashing and a 77.3% reduction for faucets.

400 gal/hr - [(50% * 120)+(77.3% * 280)] = 123.56 gal/hr

Water Heating Equipment Brand Name: Model Number: Thermal Efficiency: Standby Loss (Btu/h): Energy Source: Heater Type: Rated Volume: Input Rate:

A. O. Smith BTXL 100 96% 430 Btu/h Natural Gas Storage 75 gal 100 MBtu/h

# of units: Size of Equipment:

2 65.25” tall, 27.75” wide

HOT WATER SYSTEM LAYOUT Water wall on the west side of the building stacks up to make water distribution to the bathrooms more efficient and easier. The water wall goes all the way to the MEP room located in the basement.

Water Strategies Page 32

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

R ENEWABL E E N E RGY

PV SYSTEM This Sunpower commercial DC panel is available as 435W monocrystalline cells, 2067 mm [81.4 in] x 1046 mm [41.2 in] in size.

As seen in the roof plan, the area available for PV panels is 7245.5 sq ft. Accordingly, the panels are laid out in 4 arrays of 60 panels each on the ECS roof (see diagram), resulting in a total of 240 panels.

Nominal Power: Panel Efficiency: PTC:

435 W 20.1% 400.2

ROO F MEP

ELEV

.

Savings Calculations:

DC System Size: Module efficiency x Array area = (400.2 x 240)/1000 = 96.048 kW

ELEV GREE N ROO F

ATED OPER GREEN R ABLE O SKYL OF WITH IGHT S

SOLA

R PA

NELS

.

UP

ELEV

Renewable Energy Page 33

4 arrays with 60 panels in each array.

The space in between for maintenenace access and to be sure the arrays donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t shade each other.

ROOF

GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM

Type of Loop: Vertical Closed Loop Number of loops: 60 Depth: 500 - 600 ft Spacing: 16-18 ft apart, and 20 ft from the building

CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF Hamilton Ave

STORAGE N

IO

PT

CE

ve N La ng A

PLAYGROUND

cistern location

BASK

E

RAG

STO DISPLAY SCREENS

ETBA

SECRETARY

LL C

32

CONFERENCE

OURT

.5

ft

RE

UP

HALF

STORAGE

VP COUNSELING

RACKS

BUS DROP OFF

NURSE

BIKE

ELEV.

UP

PRINCIPAL

GYM/AUDITORIUM

SICK BAY

MAIN ENTERANCE

Novelty St

48-432 Environment II: Design Integration of Active Building Systems Ghalya Alsanea | Chitika Vasudeva

NAZERINE BAPTIST CHURCH

UP UP

Geothermal Borefield

DISPLAY AND GATHERING

STORAGE + SERVICE

er Way

OUTDOOR SERVICE AREA

HANDS ON STUDENT KITCHEN

GREENHOUSE CAFETERIA GARDEN THINK LAB

OUTDOOR GARDEN

RAIN GARDEN + OUTSIDE SEATING & LEARNING AREA

UN

GRO

rain garden

& UND AYGRO OD PL G POOL MIN

EWO

HOM

rk

Pa

Ln

ive

Dr

-

SWIM

Renewable Energy Page 34