Eiszeilalter
u.
Gegenwart
32 — 4 1
45
8
Abb.
Hannover
1995
Weichselian and Holocene river dynamics in relation to climate change in the Halle-Leipziger Tieflandsbucht (Germany) JOANNE MOL*)
P l e i s t o c e n e , H o l o c e n e , s e c l i m e n t o l o g y . stratigraphy, d e v e l o p m e n t o f river systems, c l i m a t i c c h a n g e , Leipzig. G e r m a n y
A b s t r a c t : The exact relationship b e t w e e n riser develop m e n t a n d climate c h a n g e is still u n k n o w n . T h e r e f o r e , this study aims to c o n t r i b u t e to an i n c r e a s e in k n o w l e d g e a b o u t this topic a n d f o c u s e s o n W e i c h s e l i a n a n d H o l o c e n e river d e v e l o p m e n t in the I lalle-Leipziger T i e f l a n d s b u c h t ( G e r m a n y ) . T h e results a r e c o r r e l a t e d with data from P o l a n d a n d the Netherlands. Finally, the impact o f climatic c h a n g e s o n river d e v e l o p m e n t are e x p l a i n e d . C h a n g e s in vegetation c o v e r , related to c h a n g e s in climate, trigger the o n s e t o f e a c h new river system, w h i c h starts with a n e r o s i o n p h a s e . N e v e r t h e l e s s , this study s h o w s that c l i m a t e c h a n g e s not o n l y c a u s e e r o s i o n - d e p o s i t i o n cycles, but a l s o c h a n g e s in s e d i m e n t o l o g y within a river system. [Weichselzeitliche u n d holozäne F l u ß d y n a m i k in B e z i e h u n g zu K l i m a ä n d e r u i i g e n in d e r HalleLeipziger Tieflandsbucht (Deutschland)] K u r z f a s s u n g : D i e g e n a u e B e z i e h u n g z w i s c h e n Flußent w i c k l u n g und K l i m a ä n d e r u n g ist n o c h i m m e r nicht deut lich. Mit d i e s e r Arbeit ist b e a b s i c h t i g t , e i n e n B e i t r a g zu lei sten für d i e Z u n a h m e v o n K e n n t n i s s e n ü b e r d i e s e s T h e m a . Die Arbeit konzentriert sich a u f d i e w e i c h s e l z e i t l i e h e und h o l o z ä n e F l u ß e n t w i c k l u n g in d e r H a l l e - L e i p z i g e r Tief l a n d s b u c h t ( D e u t s c h l a n d ) . D i e E r g e b n i s s e w e r d e n mit D a ten v o n P o l e n und d e r N i e d e r l a n d e k o n e l i e r t . Schließlich wird d i e B e d e u t u n g v o n K l i m a ä n d e r u n g e n a u f d i e F l u ß e n t w i c k l u n g erläutert. Ä n d e r u n g e n in V e g e t a t i o n b e d e c k u n g , im Z u s a m m e n h a n g mit K l i m a ä n d e r u n g e n , b e w i r k e n d e n Anfang e i n e s n e u e n F l u ß s y s t e m s , das anfängt mit e i n e r E r o s i o n s p h a s e . Trotz d e m , e s zeigt sich, d a ß K l i m a ä n d e r u n g e n nicht nur n e u e E r o s i o n s - S e d i m e n t a t i o n s - Z y k l e n zur F o l g e h a b e n , s o n d e r n a u c h Ä n d e m n g e n in d e r S e d i m e n t o l o g i e e i n e s F l u ß s y s t e m s .
1 Introduction This study aims to increase the knowledge about the response of rivers on climate change. River develop ment in general is relatively well documented. How ever, river development in relation to climate change has caught attention only recently and as a result, a limited amount of data is available. Weich*) A d d r e s s o f the author: Frau J o a n n e MOL, Vrije Liniversiteit, Institute o f Earth S c i e n c e s , D e B o e l e l a a n 1 0 8 5 , 1 0 8 1 1IV Amsterdam, T h e N e t h e r l a n d s
selian river development, for instance, has been stud ied thoroughly in the Netherlands and in Poland ( P O N S 1 9 5 7 , B A R T K O W S K I 1 9 5 7 ) , but only in later phases, attempts have been made to correlate these de velopments with climate changes ( K O Z A R S K I 1 9 8 3 , V A N D E N B E R G H E et al. 1 9 8 7 , V A N D E N B E R G H E 1 9 9 3 ) .
The investigation of Weichselian river sediments in Germany will allow correlation of Polish and Dutch findings and will give more insight in the Weichseli an river development in relation to climate change on a larger scale. Although Holocene and Weichse lian river development in Germany seems also rela tively well documented, most of the studies focus on stratigraphy and chemical characteristics, rather than the genesis of the river systems. This makes correla tion with Poland and the Netherlands difficult. There fore, this investigation attempts to gather more da ta of Weichselian river development in relation to climate change in the Halle-Leipziger Tieflands bucht (Germany), where large exposures are pre sent. The latter provide excellent opportunities to in vestigate the Pleistocene deposits ( E I S S M A N N 1 9 7 5 ) . The present research deals with the sedimentary characteristics and periglacial features of the Weich selian and Holocene fluvial deposits of the Weisse Elster river in two open cast mines within this area: Merseburg-Ost and Cospuclen (Fig. 1 ) . This study not only aims to describe the genesis of the Weisse Elster river, but also to record age and duration of periods of erosion and deposition, since they reflect a reaction of a river system on changed conditions. Finally, the inferred regional modifications of the ri ver system are explained and correlated with the Polish and Dutch findings. 2 Previous work During the Weichselian, rivers in Poland and the Netherlands showed a similar pattern of develop ment. At the Middle-Late Pleniglacial boundary ( 2 7 ka) fluvial activity started with an erosion in both countries ( V A N H U I S S T E D E N et al. 1 9 8 6 , K R Z Y S Z K O W S KIJ 1 9 9 0 ) . In the Netherlands, the Late Pleniglacial