Sharing Spaces: Inclusive architecture that supports well-being through interaction

SHARING SPACES [INCLUSIVE ARCHITECTURE THAT SUPPORTS WELLBEING THROUGH INTERACTION] NewSchool of Architecture & Design 2014 - 2015 Undergraduate Thesis Design Studio

Geoff Curzon

b

SHARING SPACES [INCLUSIVE ARCHITECTURE THAT SUPPORTS

WELLBEING THROUGH INTERACTION

]

A Thesis Presented to the Undergraduate Faculty of NewSchool of Architecture & Design

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Architecture

by Geoffrey Curzon June 2011 San Diego, CA

i

© 2015 Geoffrey Curzon ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

ii

ABSTRACT

The goal of this research is to identify the architectural, urban planning and social conditions needed to encourage a community of individuals to participate together with the shared intention of living truly and simply. I plan to identify which factors implemented by society result in the highest amount of stresses which may have their unhealthy effects on the individual and how they might be mitigated with an appropriate architecture. My central concern will be on sustainable communal design and shared living social structures.

Additional considerations will include communal economic platforms, societal independence, and sustainable healthy living. I will present my findings by way of studying architectural typologies related to sustainable community design, alongside sociological conditions of current communal living arrangements.

The primary focus of this thesis project will be to identify the factors which create and contribute to a thriving independent community of diverse participatory members

iii

iv

SHARING SPACES [INCLUSIVE ARCHITECTURE THAT SUPPORTS

WELLBEING THROUGH INTERACTION

]

A Thesis Presented to the Undergraduate Faculty of NewSchool of Architecture & Design by Geoffrey Curzon

Approved by:

Undergraduate Chair:

Len Zegarski

Date

Studio Instructor:

James Enos

Date

v

[image 0.1]

vi

Hikers ascending Half Dome in Yosemite National Park

DEDICATION

I dedicate this work to my grandfather, Richard Garcia. Five years prior to today, during the second quarter of my first year in architecture school, Richard left us on earth to fulfill his life cycle. I am privileged to have spent my first twenty one years under his guidance and protection. I did not know then that, five years later, he would become even more of a support system for me now than when I was able to bounce on his knee. He is my motivation and the source of all things that I am today. Thank you Grandpa.

vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS [THANK YOU]

I would like to thank everyone that has brought me to this most pivotal point in my life. I would also like to celebrate the love and support that my family and friends have unconditionally overwhelmed me with. I must acknowledge their patience with me and my creative obsessiveness and commend them on sticking with me for this long. I would like to especially thank my parents, Melissa and Gene Curzon, for they have and continue to be the most loving and hardest-working people I know, and are an example that I am honored to live up to. Lastly, I want to thank the beautiful Miss Deanna Garcia, my grandmother. She truly is a woman of strength and grace and is the matriarchal glue that is ever so fulfilling to let dry and later peel off the top of your hand. ..and of course my brother, my closest and longest of friendships.

viii

[image 0.2] Top of Half Dome looking back at the accent

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page Copyright Page Abstract Signature Page Dedication Acknowledgements Table of Contents Introduction to Essay Thesis Essay Research Methods Conclusion Design Prototype Appendices Vita

x

i ii iii iv v vi vii ONE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE SIX SEVEN

1 Introduction to Essay

1

2 Thesis Essay

13

3 Research Methods

25

4 Conclusion

109

5 Design Prototype

156

6 Appendices

181

Problem Statement Critical Position Thesis Statement

Rational for Study Scope of Study Summary of Study

Summation of AR 501 Case Studies Programming Contextual Analysis

Summation of AR 503 Process Feedback / Evaluations Statement of Learning

Summation of AR 502 Process Feedback / Evaluations Statement of Learning

Review of Literature List of Images List of Tables List of Figures

xi

1

CHAPTER [ INTRODUCTION TO ESSAY] Introduction Intention Problem Statement Critical Position Thesis Statement

3 5 7 8 11

[image 1.1] Homeless man, San Diego

1

2

INTRODUCTION

Today, our level of immersion in nonphysical, or digital, communication has arguably led us to underestimate the value of simple, everyday human interactions. These important connections which humans so desperately need are increasingly diminishing with the recent advents of addictive and distracting platforms of social medias along with other visual stimuli overloads from outside sources. The magic of an interesting conversation with a stranger or of a possibly enlightening experience with an individual of an unfamiliar persuasion are placed in hindsight. This thesis seeks to establish potential solutions to this worsening problem by exploring the social conditions which encourage healthy human interaction through a participatory system.

of the collective whole, facilitation of this existence will result in a highly functioning, rural yet integrated, inclusive, shared spaced communal living ranch.

While on this train of meaningful connections and actively participating within a community for the fulfillment

3

4

INTENTION

This thesis idea begins by analyzing and questioning current sociological trends and how they may or may not be having negative effects on society. Additionally, the concerns that stress has on an individual identifies the subsequent fundamental design objective of reducing unnecessary stressors.

I ask the difficult question: do you feel your most whole self in your current surroundings? What is helping and/ or hindering this? And within the joys that you extract from life; is there an architecture or a space to be created that fosters mental, physical and spiritual health? – Whatever that may be.

[image 1.2] The Farm, class time

5

6

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Today’s built environments are not conducive to a community of healthy, happy, and participatory members. The pattern that today’s society has been led to follow – consume-rush-work-consumerush-work-repeat – has distracted society from fulfilling the fundamental human needs of feeling/finding “meaning” and “belonging”.

7

CRITICAL POSITION [INCLUSIVE ARCHITECTURE THAT SUPPORTS

WELLBEING THROUGH INTERACTION

]

atalano includes several direct linkages to macroeconomic change and individual stress: environmental economic change produces individually experienced life event change, life events produce symptoms of psychological disorder, and symptoms creates a demand for The many social stressors we face services (Dooley & Catalano, 1980). today, such as class, self-efficacy, In this instance, architecture will be the unemployment, work-related stresses service provided. and economic change, along with societal distractions and financial The example given is that economic generate undesirable stresses, are impairing our health and contractions limiting our overall happiness. The job and financial events, which in turn increase illness and injury (Dooley & collaborative work of Dooley and This work-to-live/live-to-buy distraction has resulted in an overstressed and under-stimulated population of unfulfilled people. Ultimately, this method has contributed in creating a society of unhealthily distracted individualists.

8

Catalano, 1980). Provided by Dooley and Catalano’s research, the connection between social stressors resulting in illness and contributions from societal distractions can be made in regard to an individual’s both mental and physical health. Primary societal distractions as defined by the author include: the onslaught of advertisements promoting blind global overconsumption, the declining state of current local and global politics, mass media’s abusive ability to manipulate fact, truth, and the will of a society, and lastly, the countless hours spent on various forms of social

media fostering interactions.

ambiguous

cyber

I conclude that these factors are key contributors to the lack of formative interactions and relationships that are necessary for a healthy and whole person. I believe a remedy may be found in an appropriate architecture within a relevant social and physical communal environment.

9

10

THESIS STATEMENT

This thesis asserts that architecture which embraces communal and sustainable living ideals in an environment made up of diverse and equal participants can form stronger and healthier individuals. Independence from stresses and distractions set forth by prevailing social norms can be obtained within a community by facilitating a means to financial security and by physically distancing one’s self from the urban environment to cultivate meaningful connections with one’s self and others.

[image 1.3] Group gathering around campfire

11

12

CHAPTER [ THESIS ESSAY ] Rational for Study Scope of Study Summary of Study

2 14 15 23

13

RATIONAL [HUH? WHAT? WHY? ] The rationale behind this thesis investigation stems initially from my desire to remove myself from the environment that our society has created today. In 2015 it seems that a high majority of people that I meet in social settings are focused more on material objects and selfie status updates rather than on each other, or what’s happening around them. Having been raised in affluent Orange County, California where delusion and denial are prescribed by the carton, I have personal experience with the costs of consumer culture – while I participated in this delusion myself, I later realized that I found myself in a community of alienated entities, instead of one of connected, collaborative experience.

Community is the underlying issue which works its way into each aspect of this project, but really, participation is the focal point. Growing up as a very involved Boy Scout, I often experienced large and small group settings (anywhere from 5 participants or less to more than 60) where leadership, synergy and cooperation were necessary for a successful venture. At the root of all of these experiences, was interdependence and participation. My love for music and the spiritual qualities it is able to possess has introduced me into a culture of artistic and free-spirited individuals who are on this more relatable path. This has sparked my inquiry for meaning and purpose. My belief is that being the best “you” possible is obtained by forming inquisitive and real relationships with oneself and with others; this will lead to an individual’s discovery of their own definition of “meaning” and “purpose”.

Provided the space, these interactions can happen.

[image 2.1] Leaving the city, by author

14

SCOPE [COMMUNE VS. CULT, QUALITY OF LIVING SUSTAINABLE WHOLE ] My scope of study consists of studies of what differentiates cults from communes, and what differentiates communal living from cooperative housing, and what they do. It includes research of “quality of living� and what and how it equates. Additionally, this study will concentrate on the Madera County foothill region of the Sierra Nevada Mountains and the sustainable viability of the proposed program within that region.

[img 1.4] something pretty

15

[ COMMUNE VS. CULT ] Communes and cults date back to the medieval times of the 12th century.

Throughout history, many European countries have embraced communal living and cohousing strategies, and the lifestyle is more recently seeing growth in popularity.

The first communes or communal living structures in America appeared in the late 1960′s, when 320 San Francisco hippies took a caravan of 60 buses across the country and, in 1971, founded “The Farm” on 1,750 acres in the backwoods of Tennessee (Celeste, 2015). “It reached a peak of 1500 people,” writes Celeste, “who all took a vow of poverty to live communally, self-sufficient and off the grid.”

The Farm was a leading example of what society was completely against which leads to today’s negative connotation with the term. Similarly to the radical freespirited communes like The Farm, cults have been lumped together within these vague “communal living” terms.

The Merriam-Webster Dictionary’s current definition of cult is; “a small religious group that is not part of a larger and more accepted religion and that has beliefs regarded by many people as extreme or dangerous; a situation in which people admire and care about something or someone very much or too much; a small group of very devoted supporters or fans.” The major separation between shared living structures, or communes, and cults, is the fundamental belief system. Simply, cults are centered on an idolized object/leader/religious belief and communes, according to Merriam-Webster, are “groups of people who live together and share responsibilities, possessions, etc.” without an emphasis on a “greater power”.

The underlying and universal reason that a community like a commune exists is because of the need for humans to search for “meaningful” experiences, experiences that foster feelings of “belonging”. Artist and designer Karim Rashid says that, “Experience is the most important part of living, and the exchange of ideas and human contact is all life really is” (Pink, 2006). He continues, “Space and objects can encourage increased experiences or distract from our experiences” (Pink, 2006). These important life defining experiences have a direct connection to quality of life and are focal points for this thesis project.

[image 2.2] Community meeting, The Farm

16

17

[ QUALITY OF LIVING ]

Determined by the Mercer Cooperation factors deemed to be representative to quality of living include; political environment, economic environment, sociocultural environment, health, education, natural environment, public services, transportation, recreation, consumer goods, and housing (Mercer, 2009). An accurate summation of these qualities results in “four enabling conditions that make a human being flourish; vibrant social life, physical health, mental health, and abundant external stimulation” (Florida, 2008).

A vibrant social life is achieved here by having a trusted community of people living together and is maintained by incorporating outside guests on a regular basis through various lodging and employment possibilities. The mixture of lasting relationships within the community and short term interactions amongst welcomed guests ensures diversity amongst relationships. This is evident by Hugh Barton’s report that “the key influences and mental states

18

is vital to achieve mental well-being are the relationships one develops and the quality of social networks” (Barton, 2005). The World Health Organization has defined health as being in “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being” (Barton, 2005). This hilly and rural region that the site is located in is absolutely perfect for physical fitness. The site, which I will describe further at a later time, is ideal for active lifestyles and initiates a degree of physicality in the simplest of tasks. To ensure a high quality of life in a remote location like this, programing spaces which induce healthy social, physical, and mental states is vital.

“The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being, without the distraction of race, religion, political belief or economic and social circumstances.�

-Barton

19

[SUSTAINABLE WHOLE ] Possibly the singular most important aspect of this project is how it is sustainable. Not only must the features related to the building footprint, consumption, building materiality, passive and active systems, water conservation methods, green technologies, etc. be sustainable, the long term viability of this design must be sustainable as well. Furthermore, the incorporation of three main economic contributions will promote unification and camaraderie amongst the community’s inhabitants and alleviate financial stresses.

In addition to community-maintained revenue sources, an environment encouraging alternative forms of payment through participation is implemented. An example of this would be, if a community member’s passion was the caretaking of children, then that individual could be the community’s goto child caretaker and that would be his or her contribution(s), as well as providing a paid service to the public which will directly benefit the community. Another example of the community’s strategy to be economically independent would be to form a partnership with a small

company to produce a product.

Because agriculture is not the sole focus of this project, a partnership or co-op is necessary to keep the focus on the community and its functions.

Within the program of this project, a small scale miniature lowline Angus cattle ranch, a five acre organic hop farm and hospitality tent camping component are incorporated into the program to provide for this economic independence. So the community is not fully reliant on a single source of income, a mixed program has been implemented to ensure the success and viability of the community for future existence.

The chosen 251 acre rural site allows for many sustainable solutions, but the most vital recourse that the community will need to provide for is water. The large agriculture components and user base will be dependent on a large amount of water. Preliminary designs have already identified that water collection and reuse methods will play a significant role in the architecture of the spaces.

[image 2.3] The Earth, Apollo 15, 1971

20

21

22

SUMMARY OF STUDY

By examining parallel communal social structures I was able to extract a clear understanding of what route this project would take. I will be distancing myself from cult-like principles of worship and devotion to a higher power, while additionally demonstrating uniqueness from the often misconstrued interpretations of the 1970’s hippie “free love� communal living movement. The balance between rural and urban, the integration and separation with society, working and living, leadership in contrast to dictatorship, and what it means to participate need to be identified. For the goal of this project is to foster a higher quality of life, quality of life is subdivided into quantitative measures. The four most important measures are as previously stated; vibrant social life, physical health, mental health, and abundant external stimulation (Barton, 2005). Lastly, it is important that this community is able to maintain its existence over time, for it will be an example of twenty-first century sustainable architecture incorporated within a most viable and sustained economic platform.

23

24

3

CHAPTER [ RESEARCH METHODS] Summation of AR 501 Case Studies Programming Contextual Analysis

27 29 50 81

[image 3.1] native California grizzly bear

25

26

SUMMATION OF AR501

AR501 is a crucial quarter for each thesis project. It is where my ideas, my passions and my interests come to fruition on the page. It is where I have identified my key concerns relating to community, unnecessary stressors, the search for feelings of belonging and then researched methods which may have the potential to create an architecture that can correct and/or heal them.

From my initial broad desire of creating a community of healthy participatory members I was inspired to research a few supporting relating topics. First, I needed to know exactly what a commune was and how it differed from a cult. For it was evident from the start that I needed to distance myself and the conversation away from such activities.

Additionally, I was inspired to gain knowledge of quality of living and how that could be equated. Along with quality of living, the importance of a sustainable living structure was identified relating to architecture and the overall longevity of the proposed development.

27

28

CASE STUDIES ONE_Jystrup Savvarkt TWO_The Morning Star Ranch THREE_Health Centre for Elderly People

31 39 45

29

CASE STUDY_ONE [THE JYSTRUP SAWMILL ] Jystrup, Denmark 21 units architects: tegnestuen vandkunsten tenure: cooperative common house: 4,350 sq.ft. plus 8,560 sq.ft. of enclosed shared space.

Jystrup Savvaerket or “the Jystrup sawmill” is cooperative housing built

by Danish architect Tegnestuen Vandkunsten. Built in 1983-1984, Jystrup sawmill is a cooperative community with shared spaces and a communal living social structure. Glass covered pedestrian streets allow for comfortable passage during Denmark’s long winter seasons.

[image 3.2] Jystrup Savvaerket, child playing

31

[THE JYSTRUP SAWMILL ] This community has over twenty one residences arranged along two covered pedestrian streets that meet at the common house, making not only the common house but the whole street an extension of the private living space (Durrent, 2011). It is understood that by joining the two streets lined with units at a central location identified with a large common house makes for a highly active interaction zone.

The next most communal space, aside from the enclosed circulation halls, is the community garden. Located to the southeast, this important outdoor space parallels the geometry of the main structure with a series of exposed and secluded pathways. On the typical wet Danish day, when outdoors is not a desired option, the common house is the focal point of public community activity. Not only the common house but the whole street becomes an extension of the private living spaces (Durrent, 2011). With more than forty percent of the developed area allocated to common use, Jystrup sawmill has a multitude of opportunities for occupants to interact while still reserving a sense of privacy.

40% COMMON USE

[figure 3.1]

[figure 3.2]

[figure 3.1] Program pie diagram

32

[figure 3.2] Jystrup Savvaerket, program adjacencies

white: private unit grey: community street (interaction zone) dark grey: communal facilities (interaction zone) orange: community interaction spaces

[figure 3.3] Jystrup Savvaerket, floor plan diagram

33

[CONTINUED... ]

[PROGRAM ]

“Located at the junction of the two perpendicular residential wings, the common house is separated from then covered street by a glass wall.

This means that one can see into the common space from either wing.

From the covered street inside, one enters directly into the common houses kitchen/dining area. On the ground floor, a fireplace and sitting room overlook a south facing terrace. A professionally equipped kitchen and a comfortable dining complete the ground floor. Four upstairs rooms accommodate a variety of uses: one is used for a childcare program, another is a youth hangout, and another has a billiard table. In the tower is a library� (Durrent, 2011).

- 21 Residence - Common House

- Kitchen Dining Are

- Fireplace

- Sitting Room

- Child Care Program

- Youth Hangout

- Billiards Room

- Library - Glass Covered Street (2)

- Workshop

- Laundry Room - Guest Rooms

The functionality of the common house needs to be spot on. Coinciding with traditional single family homes, the kitchen is representable as the heart of the household. This common house is the heart of the household for twenty one residences. Additionally, each of the two covered streets has a workshop, a laundry room, and guest rooms.

34

[RESPONSIBILITIES ] - Independent Household Finances - Community Dues - Shared Meals - On site Child Care - Community Tasks

orange: community interaction zone purple: vertical void

[figure 3.4] Jystrup Savvaerket, section

35

[image 3.3]

36

Jystrup Savvaerket, photo collage

37

38

CASE STUDY_TWO THE MORNING STAR RANCH

rural northern San Diego county established: 1970 architect: n/a formed: 2005 area: 65 acres adult members: 70 child members: 30 decision making: group of elders, leadership group common spiritual practices: teachings of yahshua, the messiah shared meals: approximately all shared income: yes shared expenses: yes

[image 3.4] Vishnu, Lou Gottlieb and Rena Morning Star Ranch 1970

39

[THE MORNING STAR RANCH]

The Morning Star Ranch is just one community of an international network of communities known as the Twelve Tribes. The Twelve Tribes is a spiritual nation made up of families and single people who have come together from all walks of life. “Our common vision is a simple life of devotion to our Creator, based on a true faith that is expressed as a genuine love for your friends, husband, wife, children and anyone else we come across� (The Morning Star Ranch, n.d.).

and persimmons, along with a small amount of more exotic trees. Six acres are gardened and grow crops like kale, collards, rainbow chard and lettuces as well as others. Even with 65 acres of agriculture revenue, Morning Star Ranch is still dependent for many things from the outside community.

[SITE: 65 ACRES]

Sitting on sixty-five acres of semirural agriculture land in the San Diego mountains, the Morning Star Ranch is a full-functioning sixty acre organic farm located about fifty miles north of San Diego. The seemingly haphazard arrangement of living, working and communal structures is sprinkled within a five acre area with easy access to water on site and clear visuals to the entrance of the property. To sustain themselves and their community, the farm grows thousands of fruit trees including avocados, grapefruits,

[figure 3.5]

40

Morning Star Ranch site plan micro

PROCESSING PLANT STORAGE MOBILE TRAILER HOMES UTILITY

YURT COMMON HOUSE TEEPEE

25 ACRES OF AVOCADO ORCHARDS

6 ACRES OF ORGANIC VEGETABLES

POND

POND

HOUSING COMMUNITY BUILDINGS

[figure 3.6] Morning Star Ranch site plan macro

41

“What relationships are more important than those between men and women, parents and children? We see the breakdown of these fundamental relationships at the root of what is causing the societies of the Earth to crumble. We are beginning to understand how selfishness is the cause of these breakdowns. So we are learning that the key to living with one another in harmony is in putting our focus on the needs of others over our own needs.

When we all live that way it creates community.�

-Morning Star Ranch

[image 3.5] The Morning Star Ranch photo collage

42

43

44

CASE STUDY_THREE HEALTH CENTRE + HOUSES FOR ELDERLY PEOPLE montemurlo province of Prato, Italy year constructed: 2010 architects: ipostudio architects tenure: treatment facility/co housing area: 39,400sq. st. elderly residence: 40 guests daily center: 10 guests

[image 3.6] stone curtain wall, IPOSTUDIO Architects

45

thick green line: existing buildings thin green line: public space courtyard

white: private unit grey: communal space (interaction zone) dark grey: Back of house green: community interaction spaces

[figure 3.7]

46

Health Center floor plan diagram

[HEALTH CENTRE + HOUSES FOR ELDERLY PEOPLE ] The hilltop landscape of IPOSTUDIO Architects Heath Centre and Housing for the Elderly, for me, has had the single most impact on the design of the center. The idea of a single porous facade facing towards the valley below and the bending curved profile which simulates contour lines of the Earth emerges from the design philosophy and the morphological complexity of the soil.

The purpose of this large double walled facade is to merge the new with the existing through the functional reuse and integration of the existing rural buildings to the new structure. Steaming from a farmyard, materiality and form resemble that of farmhouses of the Tuscan hills. In cases of high incline, the farmyard is characterized by and excessive sized basement which then creates a large and level roof garden (Health Centre and Houses for Elderly People, 2014).

The residential units are located in the added volume formed between the boundary wall and the hill slope. Organization of the complex is done radially with the units arraigned in a radial grid overlooking the valley. The basement has open views towards the valley through a strategic arrangement of perforations in the large stone curtain wall. Although each room is almost identical in plan the seemingly random perforation of the double curtain wall provides unique spaces from within each of the units.

[figure 3.8] Health Centre elevation diagram

47

[image 3.7] Health Centre photo collage

48

49

PROGRAMMING [THREE COMPONENTS] The Community Revenue Generators Hops Farm Miniature Angus Cattle Lodging

52 66 68 72 78

The program for this Shared Spaces living ranch is broken into three components. The components are; community spaces, revenue generators and lastly, the site utilities and services for a sustainable rural community. Each equally as important for the prosperity of the community and the longevity of the architecture.

[figure 3.9]

50

program diagram 1

guest lodging

revenue generator

communal living + organic ranch

organic hop farm

livestock barn

hop yard

sustainable/ services

miniature cattle ranch

waste management

community

primary community space

water treatment

photovoltaic collection system

supporting community elements

51

THE COMMUNITY

The main community center is similar to that of a pioneer settlement. It is similar in the way that it is an assortment of various building functions with variation of aesthetics which is oriented on an axial or main street type element. The intensive program of Shared Spaces is aligned on two interlocking radial axis.

Starting from the foremost location of the community buildings, the dirt driveway at a wide pedestrian entrance, and continuing to the tail end of the axis, I will discuss the programmatic elements.

[figure 3.10]

52

program diagram 2

hygiene building

community agriculture

administration building

artillery services

kitchen

education building

community

two bedroom loft units

outdoor space

units

dining hall

single story micro unit buildings

outdoor space

outdoor space

studio building

two story micro unit building

outdoor space

53

[ADMINISTRATION BUILDING ] The administration building serves as the formal doorway to the community.

Guests come to this location to provide record and orient themselves with communities customs and the landscape surrounding. Here is also the location for the administrative offices and the supporting storage required.

Additionally, this building is the location to one of five lavatories. Adjacent is a dirt parking lot with 14 stalls, two of which are ada accessible.

[table 3.1]

54

program, administration

qualities

private / public

indoor / outdoor

15'x25'

900sf

open space with visibility to over access points onto the site. lots of natural lighting

1

public

both

14’x14’

(5) 24sf

public informative views towards the south

1

public

both

7’x10’

(3) 800sf

small and simple. this is the first restroom than guests might be rushing to use

1

private

indoor

2

private

outdoor

2

indoor

ADMINISTRATION BUILDING program entry lobby

museum/artifact area

description used to welcome guests and potential business partners

an open are to display artifacts, maps, and points of interest pertaining to the site

dimensions

one toilet and one sink restroom

storage

ample amounts of storage to allow for proper documentation

offices

two enclosed offices and one receptionist table desk

quantity

sq/ft

private

ADMINISTARTION BUILDING

secure 5’x7’

10'x10'

100sq ft

connection with nature visual relation to all aspects of the property

55

[MICRO UNIT BUILDING]

[EDUCATION BUILDING ]

Providing 16 private sleeping spaces this building is figuratively and literally the powerhouse for the community. Two stories with eight units on each floor, this building is the most occupied of the building on the site. The units measure 108 sq ft (9’x12’). They have floor to ceiling windows on the north side and a windowed door on the opposite wall to expand the unit. This building has two toilets and is intentionally under equipped for the demand of 16 units because this is not the intended primary lavatory. Adjacent to this building is a large covered deck with built in seating, lounge areas, and tables for recreation and serves as a shared communal space.

The main community center is similar to that of a pioneer settlement. It is similar in the way that it is an assortment of various building functions with variation of aesthetics which is oriented on an axial or main street type element. The intensive program of Shared Spaces is aligned on two interlocking radial axis.

Starting from the foremost location of the community buildings, the dirt driveway at a wide pedestrian entrance, and continuing to the tail end of the axis, I will discuss the programmatic elements.

[table 3.2] program, micro unit building [table 3.3] program, education building

56

(3) 800sf

dimensions

sq/ft

qualities creative environment for the purposes of education connection to the environment

easily cleaned materials and passive systems incorporated

EDUCATION BUILDING

guest unit

indoor / outdoor

private / public

875sf

a small loft area with Internet connection for the use of PC and laptop computers

12'x16'

200sf

space to fix, make, create things that the community may need

24’x28’

200sf

3

(2) 250sf

2

4

equipment storage bike storage wood storage utility storage micro unit for long stay guests (WOOFERS)

9’x12’

(2) 250sf

private and a quiet place to work

very small private space to encourage integration into the community

1

indoor

1

indoor

organized and creative study space

indoor

12’z16’

1

public

small library/study space under the computer loft

both

storage

450sf

indoor

workshop

15'x24'

indoor

computer loft

large vaulted space for used for group lessons and child care

private

study

2

public

open classroom area

description

1

private

program

indoor

5’x7’

interaction zone at the top of the stairs

outdoor

(5) 24sf

both

9’x12’

16

private

900sf

indoor / outdoor

one ada restroom one non ada restroom sink located outside

9’x12’

public

restroom

located on the second floor to elevated views

qualities minimal sleeping unit expansive views over the site dorm like social structure

public

sitting space

sq/ft

both

unit

dimensions

private

description small private space with space for a twin sized bed or bunk beds, built in storage and a writing desk

private / public

program

quantity

EDUCATION BUILDING

MICRO UNIT BUILDING

quantity

TWO STORY MICRO UNIT BUILDING

57

[STUDIO BUILDING ] This building has six units. Each units measures 12’x24’ and is divided into three key spaces. At the entry is a small sitting area with a couch and built ins, in the center is a counter top with a miniature kitchenette and storage dividing it from a sleeping space for a queen size bed in the rear. These units are small but allow for the occupant or occupants to have a little more private space.

[HYGIENE BUILDING] To reduce the overall footprint on the site one large centrally located facility is programmed. A large wrapping deck splits these two building into a shower and locker facility and a toilet and washing building. Individual shower stalls and enclosed toilets rooms provides a degree of privacy amongst both the male and female users using this shared space.

[table 3.4] program, studio building [table 3.5] program, hygiene building

58

locker room style shower facility

9’x13’

875sf

open bright and plenty of natural lighting

outdoor shower

for the more liberated individuals these showers are exposed to the elements and each other

3’x4’

200sf

storage

houses cleaning supplies and necessary equipment

3’x4’

200sf

1

co ed restroom facility

20’x22’

(2) 250sf

1

large communal wash station large doors open to outdoors allow circulation

2.5’x10’

(2) 250sf

urinal wall

one large urinal wall with adequate privacy

3’x5’

2’x9’

(2) 250sf

(2) 250sf

direct vision is blocked by partition wall

indoor / outdoor indoor indoor

4

indoor

private floor to ceiling walled stalls separating each toilet

1

1

indoor

toilet room

communal wash station

public

washing station

3

private

restroom

private visually obstructed view showering area

indoor

shower

indoor / outdoor

450sf

indoor

6’x20’

indoor

7

locker room/ changing area

lots of natural lighting and privacy from partition walls

outdoor

1

description an indoor place to store things and change while bathing

indoor

qualities

program

indoor

sq/ft

HYGIENE BUILDING

1

both

dimensions

large and homie connection to outside and other community spaces

private / public

450sf

private

15'x20’

private

wrap around deck which provided residence to congregate or disperse throughout the site

public

sitting area

1

private / public

250sf

connection with nature visual relation to all aspects of the property

6

public

6’x16’

250sf

public

bike storage

storage 3 desks used for managing the property and its various components

12’x24’

qualities build in furniture/storage bedroom sitting space mini kitchenette

public

studio units

sq/ft

quantity

dimensions

private

description

compact bedroom studio units for couples or singles

both

program

private

HYGIENE BUILDING

STUDIO BUILDING

quantity

STUDIO BUILDING

59

[TWO BEDROOM LOFTS] Three individual structures make up the next building. Lifted above the ground on stilts these tall units terrace up the hillside on a radial rotation. The first floor of these encompasses an indoor/ outdoor living space which opens onto a rear deck, a miniature kitchen situated into the under space of the stairs and a small second bedroom/office. Upstairs is an open lofted master bedroom with a patio to the front side of the unit.

[MICRO UNIT BUILDINGS ] This is the last building on this particular axis. Being the furthest, this building includes eight of the same 9’x12’ micro units as before. Additionally there are two toilets, bike storage, and shaded outdoor communal space.

[table 3.6] program, two bedroom lofts [table 3.7]

60

program, micro unit building

9’x13’

875sf

kitchenette

tucked into the corner and under the stairs this kitchenette is just to prepare small meals only

3’x4’

200sf

living room

vaulted ceilings and large operable windows

3’x4’

200sf

open floor plan sleeping space with vies to the south and north

20’x22’

(2) 250sf

large rear deck small front deck on loft level

2.5’x10’

(2) 250sf

dimensions

sq/ft

lots of natural lighting and privacy

1

indoor / outdoor

adjacent to the entry hall this room has many views from small windows

1

indoor

450sf

indoor

6’x20’

bedroom/office

qualities functional

indoor

sq/ft

private / public

dimensions

private

entry

description entry hallway lined with storage

private

program

private

TWO BEDROOM LOFTS

quantity

TWO BEDROOM LOFT UNITS

indoor outdoor

unit

9’x12’

900sf

sitting space

shaded outdoor table space for congregating

12’x12’

(5) 24sf

interaction zone at the top of the stairs

1

restroom

one ada restroom one non ada restroom sink located outside

5’x7’

(3) 800sf

easily cleaned materials and passive systems incorporated

2

private

both

bike storage

covered by a roof and shading structure

5’x7’

(3) 800sf

2

both

outdoor

8

both

qualities minimal sleeping unit expansive views over the site dorm like social structure

indoor

description small private space with space for a twin sized bed or bunk beds, built in storage and a writing desk

private

program

public

MICRO UNIT BUILDING

2

indoor / outdoor

communal wash station

1

private

connection to nature

both

1

indoor

connection to nature

private / public

deck

1

quantity

loft bedroom

minimal functional

private

SINGLE STORY MICRO UNIT BUILDINGS

61

[THE COMMUNITY MAIN BUILDING ] The remaining three spaces that I have left until now to discuss are the most important spaces of the community.

All previous descriptions have been related to unit types and secondary supporting features but this is where the soul of the community will take hold. The community main building is comprised of two equally massive independent buildings, the lodge which is an exaggeration of a cozy log cabin with oversized features and the second building, a dining hall, kitchen and storage building. The adjacent landscaped outdoor space is just as crucial to the program and serves as an outdoor living space equipped with shaded gardens, an outdoor kitchen, and water feature.

[table 3.8]

62

program, dining hall and kitchen building

wash station

large wash sink and storage for supplies

3’x4’

200sf

elevator

accessible lift to the second floor

20’x22’

(2) 250sf

sitting room

small lounge area off the kitchen with floor to ceiling windows facing the community center

2.5’x10’

(2) 250sf

restroom

small and out of the way under the staircase

3’x4’

200sf

grand dining hall

massive dining hall with large group seating tables

20’x22’

(2) 250sf

dining hall loft

above the dining hall this loft serves as over flow and is a more private dining option

2.5’x10’

(2) 250sf

terrace

above the kitchen this terrace faced southward and has views for miles

3’x4’

200sf

20’x22’

(2) 250sf

observation tower

the highest location on the site this tower has 365 degree views

2

transitional zone 1 pleasant

relaxing and minimal

1

1

pleasant 1 grand heavy timber details private heavy timber recreation space connection to nature comfortable impressive

1

indoor / outdoor indoor indoor indoor indoor both

transitional zone

both

(2) 250sf

1

indoor

2.5’x10’

three washing machines and one dryer air drying is ideal

lots of natural lighting and a connection to nature

indoor

200sf

indoor

3’x4’

both

booth table with large windows with views to the community center

1

indoor

kitchenette

efficient secure

1

1

outdoor outdoor

200sf

private / public

3’x4’

public

multiple laces for storing dry goods long term storage on the second floor

1

both

dry storage

efficient secure

both

875sf

both

9’x13’

public

adjacent to the kitchen one is a freezer and one is refrigeration

private public

refrigeration storage

1

both

450sf

qualities functional

private

6’x20’

sq/ft

both

kitchen

laundry

dimensions

public

description restaurant quality kitchen space with plenty of room for groups of cooks

public

program

public

DINING HALL + KITCHEN BUILDING

quantity

KITCHEN AND DINING HALL BUILDING

1

63

bridge connection to the dining hall loft

3’x4’

200sf

private transitional secluded

dimensions

sq/ft

qualities

300sf

elegantly oriented on the site simple structure

horse stables

chicken coupe

eggs and poultry for consumption and natural pasture regrowth

10'x20'

15'x20'

indoor / outdoor both

private / public public

1

2 acres

1

indoor

livestock pens

same facility as cattle enclosure shelter connects with barn but still range free 6 goats 2 sheep 4 pigs 4 labor horses for hop yard, cattle and for on site transportation

2 acres

(3) 200sf

3

indoor outdoor outdoor

barn

fruiting trees herbs fruits vegetables greens

1

public

organic garden

15'x20'

1 acre

outhouse structure with indoor winter accommodations

1

public

green house

description used for the production of community food adjacent composting facility

300sf

basic protective enclosure for roosting hens

1

public

program

1

public

COMMUNITY AGRICULTURE

1

indoor

private elevated

indoor

200sf

indoor

3’x4’

1

both

directly above the sunken living room a place to relax and play

a focal point of the room

indoor

(2) 250sf

1

public

2.5’x10’

small wet bar in the corner of the space

grand

outdoor

louvered bridge

200sf

1

indoor / outdoor

game loft

3’x4’

multiple seating elements arranged in front of the fireplace

secluded private comfortable

both

bar

200sf

outdoor

formal sitting

3’x4’

both

sunken living room

875sf

both

1

4’x16’

public

efficient secure

COMMUNITY AGRICULTURE fireplace

public

1

public

450sf

qualities grand heavy timber expansive views

private / public

6’x20’

sq/ft

public

massive concrete fireplace in the center of the space multiple built in seating elements oriented in a maze-like fashion

dimensions

public

entry

description landscaping funnels users to the entry and into a glass walled transition zone

quantity

program

quantity

LODGE BUILDING

[table 3.9] program, lodge building [table 3.10]

64

program, community agriculture

[image 3.8] Laundry on the line

65

REVENUE GENERATORS

The community maintains it’s finances with the incorporation of three distinct platforms for creating an income. Taking full advantage of the two hundred and fifty one acre sites unique qualifications has resulted in a mixed variety of contributors.

[figure 3.11] program site context [figure 3.12]

66

program diagram 3

lodging

tent camping

storage

dual processing facilities

goats

hop yard

revenue generators and agriculture

dairy cow

chickens

beef cattle

livestock pens

barn

horses

workshop

shed/ storage

67

HOPS FARM [SWEET AROMA HOPS GOODNESS ]

The most profitable venture that the community will support itself with is a five acre organic aroma hop yard.

Hops are a key ingredient in the making of many beers and is a lucrative agriculture commodity. At the gateway to the site this twenty foot tall fortress of agricultural capital serves as a barrier and last buffer between the community and the outside world. With hops vines growing fifteen and twenty feet tall on each side of a dirt road, it serves as a transportive passage way onto the site and opens to a large grass recreation area before the start into the Shared Spaces Ranch community.

facilitate, maintain and manage the growth and production of a superior hop product. With the intended collaboration with a micro brewery or hop supplier the high demand for aroma hops will provide a large contribution funds to the community.

5 square acres

The hops farm is one of the most key elements that ties this rural community back into the urban world. While agriculture and farming is not the desire of all residences, it is operated through business partnerships and is available to the of Shared Spaces residence as well as the public. The role that the community would play with this business venture would be to

[figure 3.13]

68

program site context 2

[ CROP STOCK - UNITED STATES ]      



      



















[ GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION / DEMAND ] china rest of the world poland

  

united states 





germany etheopia

[figure 3.14] average temperature [figure 3.15] hops distrobution/demand

69

THE PRODUCT [ WHAT IT TAKES ] GROWING Require attention to pest control, grooming and maintenance Plants are know for an intricate root system First year requires frequent waterings A more efficient drip system and me implemented after a year Full production at 5 years Potassium, phosphate, and nitrogen nutrient rich soils are required Nutrients supplied by farm livestock

HARVESTING Harvesting is very labor intensive One bane takes a single person 30 min to pick The top harvesting months in California are august and September

PROCESSING Bine (hop vine) is removed from top wire and cut at the base Transport in a truck or trailer to a secondary location for processing This location needs to be indoors or shaded Here the cones are separated from the vine and leaves in preparation for drying Vine and leave byproduct is turned to mulch and thus returned to the soil Manure from the miniature lowland Angus herd is also added

DRYING Drying should be done indoors to protect from wind and pests The most economical way of drying methods will be modeled Freshly harvested cones sit on top of a box bed with a screened bottom The box has plenty of air flow beneath to allow for even drying (fresh: 65% - 75% moisture, dry: 10% - 15% moisture) Hop bed must be mixed periodically to ensure even drying in this delicate step This method takes about 3 days

PRODUCT Organically grown aroma hops Dried and packaged in air tight wrapping to ensure freshness and transport

[image 3.9]

70

hop harvest processing collage

[ STRUCTURE ]

14’ - 20’ 4’ - 5’

[figure 3.16]

8’ - 10’

[ MONETARY VALUE - AROMA HOP ] up to

$104 pound

on certain aroma hop strains

1 acre



75-85 poles 

1 plant



16' - 20' tall 6 weeks

# of plants

$104 lb



1200 plants (high density) 8 lbs fresh harvested 1-2 (dry lbs)

$10,000 min to establish 1-2 lbs dry estimated value

[ PROPOSAL ] grow 3200 all organic hop plants on an area of 3-5 acres $104

2  $665,600 lb estimated start up cost: $75,000 - $100,000

3200

rough estimate revenue without opporational costs: $665,600

[figure 3.16] hop vine diagram

71

LIVESTOCK REVENUE [ MINIATURE ANGUS + GRASS FED ORGANIC BEEF ]

To take advantage of the entire two hundred and fifty one acre site with relative ease the need for a low maintenance easily manageable livestock was identified. Through research I came to the conclusion that a specific breed of cattle would be ideal. That breed is the Miniature Lowline Angus cattle. Miniature cattle, along with other things, are more manageable, eat less, have a less harsh impact on the soil, produce a higher quality of meat which is valued at a greater price and are the perfect niche animal for armature wranglers of any age to raise. The remaining two hundred acres of the site are divided into four paddocks. A paddock is a fenced off portion of land that is used to rotate livestock. This allow for the fertilization and regrowth of trampled grazing land and reduces over grazing This revenue generator produced the least amount of profit for the community but can become a source of stable

income after a herd of about 15 cattle is reached. When the herd is at this level, selective breeding to ensure enough genetic diversity can achieve high profits in the exclusive purebred miniature cattle market.

25 square acres

[figure 3.17]

72

program site context 3

FULL-SIZE STEER

68” TO HIP

MID-SIZE MINIATURE

48”

FULL MINIATURE

42”

[ ABOUT THE BREED ] Miniature lowline angus have been created by “breeding down,” or selecting the smallest livestock for breeding purposes. On average, Lowline Angus cows weigh 650950 pounds and are 36-42 inches in height, while bulls weigh 950-1350 pounds and are 39-46 inches in height.

They are black, docile, and naturally polled, with an easy calving process.

Their carcasses have higher dressing percentage, marbled meat, and are well suited to beef production on grass.

Lowline cattle are not just another novelty breed. While they are naturally quiet-tempered, easy animals to raise, they are an extremely efficient range animal that produces a high quality meat product. Lowlines are also an outstanding new breed for the small acre ranch.

Lowlines are noted for the efficiency of production of the prime meat part of the carcass. While Lowlines are no more or less efficient at feed conversion or overall production than other meat breeds such as Simmental and Angus, they produce almost double the eyemuscle area ( about 9 square in/220 lbs ) than Angus ( 6 square in/220 lbs ) or Simmental ( 5 square in/220 lbs ).

[figure 3.18] miniature cattle diagram

73

[ SPECIAL QUALITIES ] Excellent ease of calving Lowlines are black hided and naturally polled Highly adaptable to a wide variety of climates Perfectly suited to a premium niche market for beef with a smaller portion, thick-cut steak of excellent tenderness and marbling Excellent mothering ability and short gestation length Lowlines are attractive, wellproportioned, and easy to handle Lowlines have a lifespan of 12-25 years, are good foragers; hardy, easy keepers Finish a tasty, well-marbled product on minimal grain Lowlines are extremely rare and offer an excellent value for seedstock producers to meet the growing demand for breeding animals Extremely well-suited to intensive grazing situations Lowlines have been tested free of the dwarfism gene or the anchondroplasia gene

[image 3.10] [image 3.11] [image 3.12]

74

miniature angus cattle

[ BEEF CUTS ] CHUCK

RIB

SHORT LOIN SIRLOIN TENDERLOIN

ROUND TOP SIRLION BOTTOM SIRLOIN BRISKET SHANK SHANK

PLATE

FLANK

[figure 3.19] beef cuts

75

[ MONETARY VALUE - BREEDING ]

[ MONETARY VALUE - BEEF/SLAUGHTER ]

1,600 for fullblood females 2,000 - 5,000 for fullblood bulls 50/unit for bull semen

The hind quarters of this breed are well developed, which increases the proportion of prime cut meat.

Lowlines have a carcass yield of up to 81% saleable meat with 30% larger rib eye area per hundredweight than any other breed and with excellent marbling.

[ PRODUCTION ] Pregnancies gestation period 270 days Steers are ready for market after 20 months 2.5 Years before slaughter

/PER

5 ACRE

X3 (PADDOCKS)

- based on free range grazing practices + land preservation - number of cattle can be increased by providing additional food sources and rotating paddock grazing more frequently

[figure 3.20]

76

cattle breakdown diagram

[ PROPOSAL ] fluxuate between 15-20 cattle at a given time breed cows from 2 bulls to ensure diversity amongst the herd (4) 25 acre paddocks to rotate grazing cattle breed an estimated 6 animals a year for sale or slaughter bull semen unit profits: undetermined

estimated revenue over time: $15,400 seasonally

77

LODGING [ TENT CAMPING + GUEST ROOMS ]

The final contributor to the communities shared finances is a lodging component. This is presented in a few forms. The first being specific guest quarters available for rent that are integrated into the architecture of the community plan. The second are temporary structures tent camps that are deployed during busy summer months, harvesting season when guests are encouraged to visit and participate in the manual harvesting of the hops yard and on demand for any variety of special occasion. Being that the location is miles outside of Yosemite National Park, a high demand during the summer months brings in guests to the community as well as provides the needed experiences and connections with others.

About two hours south of Yosemite National Park this region is growing in outdoor tourism and recreation. The unique conditions of this site and the

25 square acres

implementation on the hop farm and cattle draws a broad range of guests.

From the word traveler and outdoors couple looking for a few nights to regroup and ground to private group celebrations such as weddings and reunions. Guests are invited to book canvas tents located in campgrounds opposite of the community garden from the main spaces.

[figure 3.21] program site context 4 [figure 3.22]

78

canvas tent camping

79

CELEBRATIONS AND EVENTS

PRIVATE GROUPS

WEEKEND CAMPERS

HOP HARVESTS

NOMADIC TRAVELERS

80

CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS Location Conditions Site Photos Site Plan

82 93 100 104

81

LOCATION [ CENTRAL CALIFORNIA ]

Located dead in the center of California is the site. Chosen for its clear central distances from San Francisco and Los Angeles, Madera county is the ideal rural yet integrated location for my proposed program

[figure 3.23] California

82

IA

N

R

O IF

AL

L”

C

A

R

U

“R

IA

N

R

FO

I

AL

L”

C

A

R

U

“R

L”

A

R

U

IA

“R

N

R

O

IF

AL

C

L”

A

R

U

IA

“R

N

R

O

IF

AL

C

83

MADERA COUNTY [ CENTRAL CALIFORNIA ]



    

  DISTRICT 5



 









DISTRICT 2











DISTRICT 4 DISTRICT 3

  SITE

DISTRICT 1

 

 



 





 

   



Forests under federal ownership cover more than one-third of the county and include portions of the sierra and Inyo national forests and Yosemite national park.

A B C D E F

Millerton lake Shaver lake Huntington lake Redinger lake Bass lake Hensley lake

G H I J K L

H.V. Eastman lake Lake Mcclure Don Pedro Reservoir San Louis Reservoir Lake Crowley Mono Lake

[figure 3.24]

84

Madera County

[ EASTERN COUNTY ]

[ WESTERN COUNTY ]

Eastern two-thirds of the County consist of the foothills and mountains of the Sierra Nevada

Western third consists of a relatively flat-lying portion of the San Joaquin Valley overlying alluvial groundwater basins.

Groundwater is the main source of water supply in eastern Madera County and occurs predominantly in undefined fracture systems of granitic and metamorphic bedrock.

[ FOOTHILL REGION ]







[ MOUNTAIN REGION ] Elevation: ranging from 3,500 to 13,157 feet Land Use: tourism, recreation, natural resources





[figure 3.24]

Elevation: ranging from 300 to 3,500 feet Precipitation: 30-40 inches Land use: -grazing, irrigated pasture, animal husbandry, small towns, and rural development.

-vineyards and orchards have recently increased -timberlands of pine and fir forests cover approximately 400,000 acres and support a wood products industry, especially near the community of North Fork.

Groundwater: -depths to water average approximately 54 feet with a range of 15 to 127 feet -rural developments rely on individual groundwater wells for water

[figure 3.25] foothill region

85











FRAINT [ MADERA COUNTY ]









   

  

     



[figure 3.26] Fraint

86

[ AVERAGE TEMPERATURE ]

[ SUN PATH ] 340°

350°

         

0°

10°

20°

10°

330° 320°

30° 40°

20° 30°

310°

50°

40°

300°

60°

50° 290° 19

280°

6

60° 70° 18 16

260°

15

14

13

90°

9 12

11

10 100° 110°

250° 240°



120° 230°

130° 140°

220°

   [figure 3.27]

80°

8

90°

17

270°

70°

7

80°

150°

210° 200°

190°

180°

170°

160°

[figure 3.28]

[ SOIL CONDITIONS ] Ahwahnee-vista association: 500 to 1,500 feet The Ahwahnee-vista association dominates the foothills, accounting for nearly 192,800 acres over a 10- to 15mile wide band between 500 and 1,500 feet msl. Both the ahwahnee and vista soils are developed on decomposing granite. The Ahwahnee soils are mapped together with auberry and vista soils. The Ahwahnee and vista soils occur on a wide range of slopes varying from 8 to 75 percent. The Ahwahnee soils generally are deep (48 to 60 inches) with thinner profiles occurring on the steeper slopes. The soils range in texture from coarse sandy loams to very rocky coarse sandy loams on steeper slopes, where the soils are marked by extensive bedrock outcrops.

Given the coarse texture of the ahwahnee soils, they are likely permeable. The thicker profiles also provide moderate water holding capacity, providing temporary storage and thereby increasing the potential for water to percolate downward toward the water table.

The closely associated vista soils generally occur in the lower foothills and on relatively gentle (3 to 8 percent) slopes. The vista soils are coarse textured (coarse sandy loam), but thinner than the Ahwahnee soils with depth to bedrock of about 36 inches.

The vista soils also are relatively permeable and have moderate water holding capacity.

[figure 3.27] average temperature [figure 3.28] sun path

87

SITE ORDINANCES [ FRAINT, MADERA COUNTY ]

PARCEL ID: 051061018000 ADDRESS: 53191 Road 210 CITY/ZIP CODE: Fraint 93626 ZONING: ARE-40 GENERAL PLAN: AE ACREAGE: 251.56

[figure 3.29]

88

property lines diagram

GENERAL PLAN [ AGRICULTURE EXCLUSIVE (AE) ]

This designation provides for agricultural uses, limited agricultural support service uses (E.G., Barns, animal feed facilities, silos, stables, fruit stands, and feed stores), agriculturally-oriented services (e.g., Wineries, cotton gins), timber production, mineral extraction, airstrips, public and commercial refuse disposal sites, recreational uses, public and quasi public uses, and similar and compatible uses. The minimum parcel size shall be 36 to 640 acres. Allowable residential development in areas designated agriculture exclusive designation includes one to two single family homes per parcel, secondary residential units, caretaker/ employee housing, and farm worker housing. The far for nonresidential uses shall not exceed 0.10 With the following exceptions: the far for agriculturally-oriented services shall not exceed 0.25 And the far for poultry ranches, greenhouses, and similar uses shall not exceed 0.50. This designation assumes an average of 3.2 Persons per dwelling unit.

89

ZONING [ ARE-40-AGRICULTURAL, RURAL, EXCLUSIVE, FORTY ACRE DISTRICT ]

18.58.020 - STRUCTURE LOCATION REGULATIONS

a. setback from edge of right-of-way: twenty-five feet, minimum; b. side yard offset: ten feet, minimum; c. rear yard offset: twenty feet, minimum.

18.58.030 - STRUCTURE HEIGHT REGULATIONS

a. principal building or structure height: thirty-five feet, maximum; b. accessory building or structure height: fifteen feet, maximum, except farm buildings or ranch buildings: sixty feet, maximum 18.58.040 - LOT DIMENSIONS REGULATIONS

a. lot area: thirty-six acres, minimum; b. average lot width: six hundred feet, minimum; c. lot length to width ratio permitted: ____________; d. total building area to lot area ratio permitted: five percent, maximum, except agriculturally oriented services shall not exceed twenty-five percent, and poultry ranches, greenhouses and similar uses shall be permitted a maximum of fifty percent.

90

18.58.010 - LAND USE REGULATIONS

COMMUNITY PROGRAM

PERMITTED USES:

1. all kinds of agricultural uses; 2. one single family dwelling (permanent structure or one manufactured home); 3. dormitory or attached (duplex, etc.) farm labor housing unit accommodating up to five families on parcels of thirty-six acres net (forty acres gross) or larger; 4. communication tower/wireless communications facility placed atop an existing structure, which will not increase the height of said structure above twenty additional feet, or exceed the height limit of this zone district, whichever is greater; 5. second single family dwelling (subject to parcel size requirements and development standards as per section 18.04.153).

USES ALLOWED WITH ZONING PERMIT:

1. guest house; 2. reserved; 3. communications tower/wireless communications facility placed atop or adjacent to an existing structure in instances in which the height of the proposed facility will not exceed forty additional feet (sixty additional feet if the proposal provides for colocation) above the existing structure’s height.

REVENUE GENERATING PROGRAM

USES ALLOWED WITH ZONING PERMIT:

1. feed lots, poultry farms, fur farms, pig farms and rabbit farms 2. insecticide and pesticide services; 3. airports, landing fields and airstrips; 4. roadside stand; 5. animal hospitals, kennels and laboratories using animals or animal products 6. cemeteries and mausoleums (see chapter 18.94); 7. laboratories for testing, experimental or analytical purposes (see chapter 18.94); 8. private clubs and outdoor recreational facilities (see chapter 18.94); 9. churches, synagogues and other buildings for religious assembly; 10. public and commercial refuse disposal sites; 11. agriculturally oriented services; 12. mining; 13. public stables; 14. dairy; 15. farm labor housing on parcels of thirty-six acres (forty acres gross) or larger; 16. communications tower/wireless communications facility that does not meet the standards as specified in either subsection a or b of this section; 17. solar farms.

91

SITE [ CENTRAL CALIFORNIA ]

To gain a clear understanding of the magnitude of a 251 acre site multiple forms of analysis were preformed.

[figure 3.30] topography image

93

SITE [ LAND DIVISION ]

To gain a clear understanding of the magnitude of a 251 acre site multiple forms of analysis were preformed.

First, I divided the with a grid to gain a better understanding of the sheer size of it. The perimeter runs 1/2 miles by 1 mile with a 1/4 by 1/2 mile chunk excluded from the south west corner and is easily divided into six fifty acre segments. Next I juxtaposed them with relate able maps of urban, suburban and rural imagery.

ACREAGE: (6) 41 acre segments total: 251 acres

[figure 3.31]

94

site division diagram



URBAN COMPARISON Downtown San Diego

 



[figure 3.32]



SUBURBAN COMPARISON



Mission Viejo, Orange County

 

[figure 3.33]



[figure 3.34]

RURAL COMPARISON



Mission Viejo, Orange County



[figure 3.32] urban land comparison [figure 3.33] suburban land comparison [figure 3.34] rural land comparison

95

[ ACCESS + ADJACENCY ] Located in the foothills of the Fraint region of the Sierra Nevada Mountains dirt roads are currently the only access roads to the site. With many natural resources located throughout the site an important factor became neighboring residence and what an appropriate distance would be in such a wide open landscaped area.

[figure 3.35]

96

access and adjacencies

HILDRETH RD

CREEK CROSSING -possible bridge location

ROAD 211

AGRICULTURE RESERVOIR

ELECTRICAL LINES -high voltage - 25’ offset

NORTHEASTERN APPROACH - .68 miles to paved road- less difficult for agriculture equipment - Fairly moderate decline to site - Possible point for bridge infrastructure

LIVESTOCK RESERVOIR

WESTERN APPROACH - 1.55 miles of windy dirt road - Disruption of multiple road adjacent properties - Direct vehicular access to desirable (light grade) agriculture land - possible difficult conditions for larger vehicles

PRIVACY ISSUES UNPAVED ROADS

97

[ EXISTING SITE RESTRAINTS ] To reduce the impact onto the site, it is imperative that the existing vegetation and natural features are not effected.

WOODED AREA SCATTERED GRANITE BOULDERS

[figure 3.36] existing site restraints

98

[ PROPOSED DEVELOPABLE REGIONS ]

COMMUNITY ZONES AGRICULTURE PRONE LIVESTOCK PRONE UNBUILDABLE ZONES

[figure 3.37] proposed developable regions

99

SITE PHOTOS

[image 3.13]

[image 3.13] granite deposits, by author [image 3.14] granite and oak, by author

100

[image 3.14]

[image 3.15]

[image 3.16]

[image 3.15] oak trees, by author [image 3.16] vista view, by author

101

[image 3.17]

[image 3.18]

[image 3.19]

[image 3.20]

[image 3.21] [image 3.17] grassy slopes, by author [image 3.18] granite, by author [image 3.19] grazing bull, by author

102

[image 3.22] [image 3.20] rolling hills, by author [image 3.21] old oak, by author [image 3.22] oak trees, by author

103

SITE PLAN [ MICRO ]

[figure 3.38]

104

micro site plan

105

SITE PLAN [ MACRO-ZOOMED ]

community buildings water_waste_hops facilities + livestock barn hop yard granite rock deposits SOUTH_cattle_recreation_camping trees water large_existing dammed lake water small_ existing agriculture reservoir topograhy_20’ topography_5’

[figure 3.39] macro site plan

106

108

4

CHAPTER [ DESIGN PROTOTYPE ] Summation of AR502 Process Feedback / Evaluations Statement of Learning

111 113 150 151

109

110

SUMMATION OF AR502

AR 502 was the second school quarter devoted to working on this project.

Proven from the various case studies I examined and my prior research related to social structures and communal living arrangements, an extensive program had to be implemented. From this I knew that it had to be both fiscally responsible and plausible.

To summarize this installment of work briefly, the main objectives achieved were case studies, program and site.

Firstly, I studied multiple case studies relating to the topic. Of which three made it into this published document.

Next, I gained an understanding of the necessary programmatic elements with special attention to revenue generating programs. AR 502 is also where the site location was selected through a rigorous analysis process. Once selected and deeper investigation into site conditions was conducted.

111

112

PROCESS

Conceptual Development Process Models Program Floor plans Site Plan Form Site Section

114 122 130 132 136 138 144

113

CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT [ SITE PLAN ]

[figure 4.1] conceptual development A1 [figure 4.2] conceptual development A2 [figure 4.3]

114

conceptual development A3

[ SCENARIO A ]

lodging community- primary community- secondary community- terciary lodging hop facility 5 acre hop yard

barn / livestock facility

lodging

1 square acre 5 minute walking distance











cattle grazing





115

[ SCENARIO B ]

community- secondary community- primary

hop facility

community- terciary 5 acre hop yard

lodging barn / livestock facility lodging

1 square acre 5 minute walking distance

cattle grazing     

lodging 



[figure 4.4] conceptual development B1 [figure 4.5] conceptual development B2 [figure 4.6]

116

conceptual development B3

[ SCENARIO C ]

community- primary lodging community- terciary community- secondary hop facility 5 acre hop yard

lodging barn / livestock facility 1 square acre 5 minute walking distance

cattle grazing    

lodging







[figure 4.7] conceptual development C1 [figure 4.8] conceptual development C2 [figure 4.9] conceptual development C3

117

CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT [ PROGRAM_ADJACENCIES_CIRCULATION ]

[figure 4.10]

118

massing collages

         

[ COMMUNITY MAIN HOUSE ]

SCHEME_ONE

SCHEME_TWO

[figure 4.11]

[figure 4.13]

scheme 1 adjacencies

scheme 2 adjacencies

[figure 4.12] scheme 1 circulation

[figure 4.14] scheme 2 circulation

bathroom

reading room

kitchen

utility

group dining

offices

sleeping units

storage

group gathering space

119

[ SECONDARY COMMUNITY HOUSE ]

SCHEME_ONE

SCHEME_TWO

SCHEME_THREE bathroom kitchen sleeping units

120

[figure 4.15]

[figure 4.17]

scheme 1 adjacencies scheme 2 adjacencies

group gathering space

[figure 4.16]

storage

scheme 1 adjacencies scheme 2 circulation

[figure 4.18]

[ COMMUNITY DORM STYLE HOUSING ]

SCHEME_TWO

[figure 4.19]

[figure 4.21]

[figure 4.22]

scheme 3 adjacencies scheme 1 adjacencies scheme 1 circulation [figure 4.20]

[figure 4.23]

scheme 3 circulation

scheme 2 adjacencies scheme 2 circulation

[figure 4.24]



    

SCHEME_ONE

bathroom

sleeping units

group gathering space storage

121

PROCESS MODELS

The architectural qualities of the spaces is a progression from the first conceptual model to the last. Due to the fact that there are nine separate buildings which compose the community portion of the site, each model should be viewed as a linear progression instead as a collective whole which would speak a cohesive architectural language. The administration building was first to be conceptualized and the two story micro unit building was the last which lead to the architectural language of the main community spaces of the kitchen, dining hall and main lodge spaces.

[image 4.1] administration model birds eye [image 4.2] administration model front perspective [image 4.3]

122

administration model perspective

1st [ ADMINISTRATION BUILDING ]

123

2nd [ HYGIENE BUILDING ]

[image 4.4] hygine model birds eye [image 4.5] hygiene model front perspective [image 4.6]

124

hygiene model rear perspective

3rd [ EDUCATION BUILDING ]

[image 4.7]

[image 4.9]

education model birds eye [image 4.8]

education model front perspective left [image 4.9]

education model front perspective right

education model interior perspective

125

4th [ MICRO UNIT BUILDINGS ]

[image 4.10] micro units model south west perspective [image 4.11] micro units model entry perspective [image 4.12] micro units model birds eye

126

5th [ STUDIO UNIT BUILDING ]

[image 4.13]

[image 4.15]

studio unit model native garden perspective [image 4.14]

studio unit model north elevation [image 4.16]

studio unit model birds eye studio unit model shaded circulation

127

6th [ TWO BEDROOM LOFT UNITS ]

128

[image 4.17]

[image 4.19]

lofts model north west perspective [image 4.18]

lofts model northern elevation [image 4.20]

lofts model birds eye

two story micro unit model south elevation

7th [ TWO STORY MICRO UNIT BUILDING ]

[image 4.21]

[image 4.23]

two story micro unit model side elevation [image 4.22]

two story micro unit model roof [image 4.24]

two story micro unit model shade structure detail

two story micro unit model roof structure detail

129

PROGRAM

Abiding by an abstracted concentric circular form the program in split between the two axis’. The southern axis included the majority of the communal shared spaces while the other axis is articulated with living units, supporting and utility and administrative program elements.

The red and black colored portions are possibly the most important elements as they are fully communal shared living spaces both indoor and outdoor.

full privacy semi private landscaped spaces secluded private spaces communal shared spaces congregating communal spaces service/supporting lodging accommodations

[figure 4.25] program adjacencies diagram

130

131

FLOOR PLANS

[figure 4.26] floorplans large

N

[ FIRST FLOOR ] toilet covered semi private micro sleeping unit bike storage

kitchenette writing desk bedroom/office

private patio living

up entry storage outdoor showers

showers locker room

studio bedroom storage utility

living

bike storage

urinal wall sink bank

DN

toilet

community food garden

UP

micro sleeping unit

DN fire pit native plant garden

UP

storage

DN

shaded deck platform storage DN

flower garden

utility

nook canvas tent camping

UP

workshop

parking lot

breakfast bar

pond

dry storage utility vehicle parking garage sitting room

UP outdoor kitchen

library storage

powder rooms

toilet

office office

classroom laundry refrigerator/ freezer

UP main lodge entry

kitchen museum/ gallery

DN reception

DN dining hall DN

UP

wet bar veranda

25’ sliding doors

formal sitting sunken lounge

veranda

N

[figure 4.27] 0’ 16’

134

32’

64’

first floor floorplans

[ SECOND FLOOR ]

sleeping loft balcony

open to below storage

micro sleeping unit DN storage

DN

guest unit DN

observation tower stair long-term storage

DN

DN computer loft

dining hall loft roof terrace DN

catwalk

enclosed private space

DN louvered enclosed bridge

recreation loft balcony

[figure 4.28] second floor floorplans

135

N 0’

16’

32’

topography change: 2’

136

64’

137

FORM

[figure 4.30]

138

form circle diagram

what is a circle?

FORM

the circle is representative of wholeness unity infinity inclusion womb perfection mobility centering

M

G

C O

TO

IC

SI

ST

ST

RURAL alternative tolerance connection independence participation natural

AC PE A D CE CE I M FF PT AN M U ER C N E IT EN C Y ES

SO R AN RB E G ER D

CONCEPTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH...

N AR C IS

SE

LF -A B

URBAN dependence wasteful denial exclusionary distance division

FR SU IE NA ST PA N TU A D ET OP IN RT SH RE N H A E BL ER ER N IP M SH E N I ES N I P S DE D

C O IN LL D AB F EQ UL O R U A A L A TI IT NT ON Y I-S O C IE TY U N I N I TY VO LV ED

C R IM IN IN C D O I VI ATO N D FO R U R AL Y M U I S I TY N TI A C W WA G AR R R E EE D I D O SU LLU G BM S U MA I IS O N C TI C SI N O O N N C BI ER G O N TR ED Y

D IS

H AT U TR NI R N A FO ED D C SO AR ITI R C EL ON ME IE D TY ESS AL

CONCEPTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH...

inclusion harmonious serene

[figure 4.32]

harmony community connection

B A L A N C E

inclusion participation reliance

[figure 4.33]

[figure 4.31] circle mandala [figure 4.32] rural vs urban form [figure 4.33] converging conceptions [figure 4.34] concentric circle form

[figure 4.34]

141

[ RAINWATER HARVESTING ]

[ SLIDING DOORS ]

These large somewhat flat roofs serve a vital purpose to the community. The largest roof slopes to a single valley which directs rain water off the roof at a singular point. This becomes a unique design element from within and around the structure as water is guided to the ground from 25 feet above and then to water a treatment facility and collection cisterns located on site. According to Texas A&M’s Agrilife Extension Program’s rain water collection equation, combined with rainfall data of Madera County, these two buildings alone are able to collect between 141,128 and 188,170 gallons of water per year.

The dining hall protrudes directly through the main circulation corridor and is fitted with two large sliding door systems. One opening spans 12’ and has two opposing sliding doors. The larger opening has five hanging doors spanning 25’ that slide on tracks to open the space.

[ SHADING STRUCTURE ] Oriented due south, this massive louvered shading structure of the main community lodge space provides ample protection from the California suns harsh rays. Additionally, it creates a protected covered corridor around the southwestern and southeastern perimeters solidifying the presence in the rural landscape.

340°

350°

0°

10°

30° 40°

20° 30°

50°

40°

300°

60°

50° 290°

6

60° 19

280°

70°

17

270°

16

15

260°

14

13

90°

9 12

11

10 100° 110°

250°

120°

240° 130°

230° 140°

220° 150°

210° 200°

190°

180°

170°

160°

[ SUNKEN LOUNGE ]

This space adds another layer of privacy for residence and guests to enjoy the great lodge space.

80°

8

90°

[figure 4.37]

70°

7

80°

18

Opposing circles which broadly represent constructs that urban and rural environments embody converge on the landscape to form a concentric form and circulation plan defined by a gabion wall retaining system, building articulations and circulation.

[ OBSERVATION PLATFORM ]

20°

10°

330° 320° 310°

[ CONCENTRIC CIRCLE FORM ]

Located on the third floor this platform is the highest point on the site. It allows for 360 degree views as well as a small secluded space to find solace.

[figure 4.35] [figure 4.35] sun path diagram [figure 4.36] concentric circle diagram [figure 4.37]

142

exploded axonometric form diagram

SLIDING DOORS

3

1

RAINWATER HARVESTING

2

SHADING STRUCTURE

4

CONCENTRIC CIRCLE FORM

5

SUNKEN LOUNGE

OBSERVATION PLATFORM 6

ING

K PAR

SIERRA OAKS LN CO

M

M

UN

IT

Y

G

AR

DE

N

[figure 4.37]

SITE SECTION

REFER TO SECTION DETAIL

[figure 4.48] site section cut

0’

4’

8’

16’

146

REFER TO SECTION DETAIL

0’

4’

8’

16’

147

148

0’

4’

8’

16’

149

FEEDBACK / EVALUATIONS

At this point of the process my focus, aside form the research essay, has primarily been about site conditions, form and program; the communities program as well as which programmatic elements will contribute a source of revenue. Process, form/building articulation had a presence but the main criticism was that the project was “lacking a cohesive architectural language�. Possibly from my less than great verbal presentation the message that my conceptual models were a series of progression and not a collective unit was missed but all in all the work that I was able to present was read clearly (with a magnifying glass) and was headed in a good direction. The last bit of feedback that I am able to recall is that I was missing development to the main community spaces i.e. kitchen, dining hall and lodge. The jury encouraged me to evaluate the project as a whole, identify the key components and then to narrow my efforts to those few key components.

150

STATEMENT OF LEARNING

I’ve learned a wide array of things up to now. Relating to social structure, I was previously referring to the individual buildings related to the zoning ordinances as main house, secondary house, farm labor housing, etc. I was blind to the fact that this seemed a little communistic and steered conversations into me sounding like a dictator with a clearly labeled hierarchy amongst the supposedly equal community spaces. I learned that this needed to be addressed.

I learned that while I had a good grasp on the programs of the community spaces, the hops yard, cattle ranch and the lodging components needed better integration with the community.

This was also addressed in my review.

151

152

CHAPTER [ CONCLUSION ] Summation of AR503 Detailed Wall Section Renderings Building Model Presentation Photos Feedback / Evaluations Statement of Learning Photos

5 155 156 159 168 173 174 175 176

153

154

SUMMATION OF AR503

AR503 has been the powerhouse work session of the entire project. Design was “finished” in AR502 with a few weeks of alterations and tweaks that carried into AR503. This quarter was an all out sprint to the finish line. Really consisting of only eight weeks, my time was spent primarily on representational graphics, formulating a sophisticated research document, curating a final presentation as well as an alternate showcase presentation, building a 1/8” basswood physical model, and preparing this exact research document.

155

DETAILED WALL SECTION

Cutting thought the sunken lounge of the main lodge space this section detail accurately depicts the proposed material and construction methods. Moreover, the foundation details of the structure, pathway and gabion wall system are ideal in this location.

[figure 5.1]

156

detailed building section

photovoltaic panel mount 6” x 6” timber member

weather resistive barrier double top plate

1” x 2” aluminum louver

alternating wood cladding system

cavity insulation gypsum panels door top plate

glazing

joist lintel head trimmer

wood finish flooring

transom window

mullion

glazing

sill trimmer sill 3/4” plywood sheating

stone fill

bottom plate basket edge steel column

reinforced concrete foundation wall compacted granular fill slab on grade

drain to reservoir water barrior

157

0’

1’

2’

reinforced concrete footing

158

RENDERINGS

Main Lodge_Interiors Dining Hall_Main Lodge Observation Tower_Kitchenette Vignettes

159

160

MAIN LODGE [ SUNKEN LOUNGE PERSPECTIVE ]

[ INTERIOR ENTRY PERSPECTIVE ]

[figure 5.2]

[figure 5.3]

Lodge render

lodge lounge perspective

[figure 5.4]

[figure 5.5]

lodge entry perspective

lodge interior perspective

[ INTERIOR GREAT ROOM ]

161

162

MAIN LODGE

163

SITE PERSPECTVE_OBSERVATION TOWER_KITCHENETTE

[figure 5.7] observation tower render

164

165

VIGNETTES

[ RAINWATER COLLECTION ]

[ CIRCULATION CORRIDOR ] [figure 5.8] rainwater collection vignette [figure 5.9]

166

circulation corridor vignette

[ LOUVERED BRIDGE ]

[ SEMI PRIVATE HANGOUT ]

[ DINING HALL] [figure 5.10] louvered bridge vignette [figure 5.11] hangout space vignette [figure 5.12] dining hall vignette

167

BUILDING MODEL

side a

side b

[image 5.1]

168

basswood section model

[ SECTION MODEL SIDE A]

[ SECTION MODEL SIDE B]

[image 5.2] section model side A [image 5.3] section model side B

169

170

[image 5.4]

[image 5.6]

model lodge entry

model perspective

[image 5.5]

[image 5.7]

model lodge detail

removable roof detail

[image 5.8] model shading detail [image 5.9] model lodge perspective [image 5.10] model lodge interior

171

[image 5.11]

172

final jury standing by presentation boards

PRESENTATION

173

FEEDBACK / EVALUATIONS

The feedback that I received at the final jury presentation was all very helpful. The mood of the evening was serious. Feedback was to the point, constructive and complementary and I was not excluded from this. I was told that my verbal presentation was surprisingly well. I was also told that I spoke with quickly, clearly and with authority while presenting the topic and supporting background information.

Once dialogue was opened to the jury my personality and smile came out and made for a great friendly conversation about my project.

It is not uncommon for me to blackout and not remember presentations but surprisingly enough that did not happen this time. The jury consisted of three architects. One of which was a former favorite instructor from my second year at NewSchool. The other, another favorite instructor that I did not directly study under and the third an unfamiliar Architect from a local San Diego firm.

Each with a presumably genuine

174

interest in the project.

Coming down from the high of a good presentation, the feedback that I received was helpful. One jury member brought up the idea of representing through renderings the different seasons of the year and how the facility operates in each. Materiality was a concern. Although I had a material board, my renderings could have been more representational of the architecture and styles that I was trying to portray. Lastly, with my tent camping lodging component, one jury member would have liked to see more with what the possibilities could have looked like. The tent camping component was purposely left in a broad way because I shifted my focus on other matters but I do agree that seeing a rendering or two of how the camping varies from a weekend getaway to seasonal hop harvesting event.

STATEMENT OF LEARNING

Time management Evaluate Simplify Reevaluate Allocation of resources Make a schedule Have a plan WORK

175

PHOTOS

176

[image 5.12]

[image 5.14]

working at my desk

coffee coffee coffee

[image 5.13]

[image 5.15]

my happy cup

madel making in studio

[image 5.16] eating glue in studio

177

[image 5.17] my former home

178

179

180

APPENDICES Review of Literature List of Images List of Tables List of Figures

182 183 188 189

181

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

182

1.

Barton, h. (2005) a health map for urban planniners: towards a conceptual model for healthy, sustainable settlements, built environment, 31 (4). Issn 0263-7960

2.

Catalano, R., Dooley, D.1983. Health effects of economic instability: A test of economic stress hypothesis. J. Health Soc. Behav. 24(1):46-60

3.

Celeste. “I Grew up on a Hippie Commune.”Hippycommune.wordpress.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 2015.

4.

“Covington Farmers Market / design/buildLAB” 07 Sep 2011. ArchDaily. Accessed 12 Nov 2014. <http://www.archdaily.com/?p=166527>

5.

Dooley, D., Catalano, R 1980. Economic change as a cause to behavioral disorder.

Psychol. Bull. 87(3):450-68

6.

Durrett, c. and McCamant, Kathryn. Creating Cohousing Building Sustainable Communities. Gabriola, B.C.: New Society, 2011. Print.

7.

Florida, R. (2008). Whos your city. New York: basic books

8.

GalexC. “I Grew up on a Hippy Commune: If Wishes Were Band-aids.” Web log post. Growing up on a Hippy Commune. N.p., June 2013. Web. 07 Nov. 2014.

9.

“Health Centre and Houses for Elderly People / IPOSTUDIO Architects” 06 Jul 2012. ArchDaily. Accessed 12 Nov 2014. http://www.archdaily.com/?p=250878

10.

McCamant, Kathryn, and Charles Durrett. Creating Cohousing Building Sustainable Communities. Gabriola, B.C.: New Society, 2011. Print.

11.

Mercer. (2009). 2009 quality of living survey. New York city: mercer.

12.

“The Morning Star Ranch | All Who Believe Are Together... Again!” N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Nov. 2014.

13.

“Vandkunsten, Architects: Trudeslund Cohousing Community, Birkerod, Copenhagen 1979-1981.” Flickr. Yahoo!, 05 Nov. 2011. Web. 07 Nov. 2014

IMAGES

0.1

Hikers ascending Half Dome in Yosemite National Park. Digital image. Fuck Yeah Hiking. N.p., n.d. Web. 2015.

0.2

Top of Half Dome looking back at the accent. Digital image. Fuck Year Hiking. N.p., n.d. Web. 2015.

1.1

Curzon, G. (2012) Homeless man San Diego. Photo. May 2015

1.2

The Farm, class time. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. Apr. 2015.

1.3

Group gathering around campfire. Digital image. N.p., 23 May 2014. Web. May 2015.

2.1

Curzon, G. (2012) Leaving the City. Photo. Sep 2012. May 2015

2.2

Duna Group gathering around campfire. Digital image. N.p., 23 May 2014. Web. May 2015. nd, Emmanuel. Members of the Montague Farm Commune Hold a 25th Anniversary Reunion in 1993. Digital image. N.p., 4 Jan. 2013. Web. Apr. 2015.

2.3

The Earth, Apollo 15, 1971. Digital image. Lunar and Planetary Institute. N.p., n.d.

Web. May 2015.

3.1

Native California Grizzly Bear. Digital image. Subversive Being. N.p., n.d. Web. May 2015.

3.2

Jystrup Savvaerket, child playing. Digital image. Tegnestuen Vandkunsten. N.p., n.d. Web. Apr. 2015.

3.3

Jystrup Savvaerket, photo collage. Digital image. Tegnestuen Vandkunsten. N.p., n.d. Web. Apr. 2015.

3.4

Vishnu, Lou Gottlieb and Rena Morningstar Ranch 1970. Digital image. N.p., n.d.

Web. Apr. 2015.

3.5

The Morning Star Ranch photo collage. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. May 2015.

183

184

3.6

Savorelli, Pietro. Stone curtain wall, IPOSTUDIO Architects. Digital image.

Archdaily.com. N.p., n.d. Web. Apr. 2015..

3.7

Savorelli, Pietro. Health Centre photo collage. Digital image. Archdaily.com. N.p., n.d. Web. Apr. 2015.

3.8

Laundry on the line. Digital image. Adored Vintage. N.p., 3 May 2015. Web. 2015.

3.9

Carson, David. Hops harvest processing collage. Digital image. N.p., 5 July 2012.

Web. Apr. 2015.

3.10

Miniature angus cattle. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. Apr. 2015.

3.11

Miniature angus cattle. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. Apr. 2015.

3.12

Miniature angus cattle. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. Apr. 2015.

3.13

Curzon, M. (2015). granite deposits. photo. Jun. 2015

3.14

Curzon, M. (2015). granite and oak. photo. Jun. 2015

3.15

Curzon, M. (2015). oak trees. photo. Jun. 2015

3.16

Curzon, M. (2015). vista view. photo. Jun. 2015

3.17

Curzon, M. (2015). grassy slopes. photo. Jun. 2015

3.18

Curzon, M. (2015). granite. photo. Jun. 2015

3.19

Curzon, M. (2015). grazing bull. photo. Jun. 2015

3.20

Curzon, M. (2015). rolling hills. photo. Jun. 2015

3.21

Curzon, M. (2015). old oak. photo. Jun. 2015

3.22

Curzon, M. (2015). oak trees. photo. Jun. 2015

4.1

Curzon, G. (2015). administration model birds eye. photo. Jun. 2015

4.2

Curzon, G. (2015). administration model front perspective. photo. Jun. 2015

4.3

Curzon, G. (2015). administration model rear perstective. photo. Jun. 2015

4.4

Curzon, G. (2015). hygine model birds eye. photo. Jun. 2015

4.5

Curzon, G. (2015). hygine model front perspective. photo. Jun. 2015

4.6

Curzon, G. (2015). hygine model rear perstective. photo. Jun. 2015

4.7

Curzon, G. (2015). education model birds eye. photo. Jun. 2015

4.8

Curzon, G. (2015). education model front perspective right. photo. Jun. 2015

4.9

Curzon, G. (2015). education model rear perstective left. photo. Jun. 2015

4.10

Curzon, G. (2015). micro units model south west perspective. photo. Jun. 2015

4.11

Curzon, G. (2015). micro units model entry perspective. photo. Jun. 2015

4.12

Curzon, G. (2015). micro units model birds eye. photo. Jun. 2015

4.13

Curzon, G. (2015). studio unit model native garden perspective. photo. Jun. 2015

4.14

Curzon, G. (2015). studio unit model birds eye. photo. Jun. 2015

4.15

Curzon, G. (2015). studio unit model north elevation. photo. Jun. 2015

185

186

4.16

Curzon, G. (2015). studio unit model shaded circulation . photo. Jun. 2015

4.17

Curzon, G. (2015). lofts model north west perspective. photo. Jun. 2015

4.18

Curzon, G. (2015). lofts model birds eye. photo. Jun. 2015

4.19

Curzon, G. (2015). lofts model northern elevation. photo. Jun. 2015

4.20

Curzon, G. (2015). two story micro unit model south elevation. photo. Jun. 2015

4.21

Curzon, G. (2015). two story micro unit model side elevation. photo. Jun. 2015

4.22

Curzon, G. (2015). two story micro unit model shade structure detail. photo. Jun. 2015

4.23

Curzon, G. (2015). two story micro unit model roof. photo. Jun. 2015

4.24

Curzon, G. (2015). two story micro unit model roof structure detail. photo. Jun. 2015

5.1

Curzon, G. (2015). basswood section model. photo. Jun. 2015

5.2

Curzon, G. (2015). section model side A. photo. Jun. 2015

5.3

Curzon, G. (2015). section model side B. photo. Jun. 2015

5.4

Curzon, G. (2015). model lodge entry. photo. Jun. 2015

5.5

Curzon, G. (2015). model lodge detail. photo. Jun. 2015

5.6

Curzon, G. (2015). model perspective. photo. Jun. 2015

5.7

Curzon, G. (2015). removable roof detail. photo. Jun. 2015

5.8

Curzon, G. (2015). model shading detail. photo. Jun. 2015

5.9

Curzon, G. (2015). model lodge perspective. photo. Jun. 2015

5.10

Curzon, G. (2015). model lodge interior. photo. Jun. 2015

5.11

Curzon, G. (2015). final jury standing by presentation boards. photo. Jun. 2015

5.12

Curzon, G. (2015). working at my desk. photo. Jun. 2015

5.13

Curzon, G. (2015). my happy cup. photo. Jun. 2015

5.14

Curzon, G. (2015). coffee coffee coffee. photo. Jun. 2015

5.15

Curzon, G. (2015). model making in studio. photo. Jun. 2015

5.16

Curzon, G. (2015). eating glue in studio. photo. Jun. 2015

5.17

Curzon, G. (2015). my former home. photo. Jun. 2015

187

TABLES

188

3.1

Curzon, G. (2015). perspective. table. Jun. 2015

3.2

Curzon, G. (2015). program, micro unit building. table. Jun. 2015

3.3

Curzon, G. (2015). program, education building. table. Jun. 2015

3.4

Curzon, G. (2015). program, studio building. table. Jun. 2015

3.5

Curzon, G. (2015). program, hygiene building. table. Jun. 2015

3.6

Curzon, G. (2015). program, two bedroom lofts. table. Jun. 2015

3.7

Curzon, G. (2015). program, micro unit building. table. Jun. 2015

3.8

Curzon, G. (2015). program, dining hall and kitchen building. table. Jun. 2015

3.9

Curzon, G. (2015). program, lodge building. table. Jun. 2015

3.10

Curzon, G. (2015). program, community agriculture. table. Jun. 2015

FIGURES

3.1

Curzon, G. (2015). Jystrup Savvaerket, program pie diagram . figure. Jun. 2015

3.2

Curzon, G. (2015). Jystrup Savvaerket, program adjacencies . figure. Jun. 2015

3.3

Curzon, G. (2015). Jystrup Savvaerket, floorpln diagram . figure. Jun. 2015

3.4

Curzon, G. (2015). Jystrup Savvaerket, section . figure. Jun. 2015

3.5

Curzon, G. (2015). Morning Star Ranch site plan micro . figure. Jun. 2015

3.6

Curzon, G. (2015). Morning Star Ranch site plan macro . figure. Jun. 2015

3.7

Curzon, G. (2015). Health Center floorplan diagram . figure. Jun. 2015

3.8

Curzon, G. (2015). Health Centre elevation diagram . figure. Jun. 2015

3.9

Curzon, G. (2015). program diagam 1 . figure. Jun. 2015

3.10

Curzon, G. (2015). program diagram 2 . figure. Jun. 2015

3.11

Curzon, G. (2015). program site context 1 . figure. Jun. 2015

3.12

Curzon, G. (2015). program diagram 3 . figure. Jun. 2015

3.13

Curzon, G. (2015). program site context 2 . figure. Jun. 2015

189

190

3.14

Curzon, G. (2015). average temperature . figure. Jun. 2015

3.15

Curzon, G. (2015). hops distrobution/demand . figure. Jun. 2015

3.16

Curzon, G. (2015). hop vine diagram . figure. Jun. 2015

3.17

Curzon, G. (2015). program site context 3 . figure. Jun. 2015

3.18

Curzon, G. (2015). miniature cattle diagram . figure. Jun. 2015

3.19

Curzon, G. (2015). beef cuts . figure. Jun. 2015

3.20

Curzon, G. (2015). cattle breakdown diagram . figure. Jun. 2015

3.21

Curzon, G. (2015). program site context 4 . figure. Jun. 2015

3.22

Curzon, G. (2015). canvas tent camping . figure. Jun. 2015

3.23

Curzon, G. (2015). California . figure. Jun. 2015

3.24

Curzon, G. (2015). Madera County . figure. Jun. 2015

3.25

Curzon, G. (2015). foothill region . figure. Jun. 2015

3.26

Curzon, G. (2015). Fraint . figure. Jun. 2015

3.27

Curzon, G. (2015). average temperature . figure. Jun. 2015

3.28

Curzon, G. (2015). sun path . figure. Jun. 2015

3.29

Curzon, G. (2015). property lines diagram . figure. Jun. 2015

3.30

Curzon, G. (2015). topography image . figure. Jun. 2015

3.31

Curzon, G. (2015). site division diagram . figure. Jun. 2015

3.32

Curzon, G. (2015). urban land comparison . figure. Jun. 2015

3.33

Curzon, G. (2015). suburban land comparison . figure. Jun. 2015

3.34

Curzon, G. (2015). rural land comparison . figure. Jun. 2015

3.35

Curzon, G. (2015). access and adjacencies . figure. Jun. 2015

3.36

Curzon, G. (2015). existing site restraints . figure. Jun. 2015

3.37

Curzon, G. (2015). proposed developble regions . figure. Jun. 2015

3.38

Curzon, G. (2015). micro site plan . figure. Jun. 2015

3.39

Curzon, G. (2015). macro site plan . figure. Jun. 2015

4.1

Curzon, G. (2015). conceptual development A1 . figure. Jun. 2015

4.2

Curzon, G. (2015). conceptual development A2 . figure. Jun. 2015

4.3

Curzon, G. (2015). conceptual development A3 . figure. Jun. 2015

4.4

Curzon, G. (2015). conceptual development B1 . figure. Jun. 2015

4.5

Curzon, G. (2015). conceptual development B2 . figure. Jun. 2015

4.6

Curzon, G. (2015). conceptual development B3 . figure. Jun. 2015

191

192

4.7

Curzon, G. (2015). conceptual development C1. figure. Jun. 2015

4.8

Curzon, G. (2015). conceptual development C2. figure. Jun. 2015

4.9

Curzon, G. (2015). conceptual development C3 . figure. Jun. 2015

4.10

Curzon, G. (2015). sketch massing collages. figure. Jun. 2015

4.11

Curzon, G. (2015). scheme 1 adjacencies. figure. Jun. 2015

4.12

Curzon, G. (2015). scheme 1 circulation. figure. Jun. 2015

4.13

Curzon, G. (2015). scheme 2 adjacencies. figure. Jun. 2015

4.14

Curzon, G. (2015). scheme 2 circulation. figure. Jun. 2015

4.15

Curzon, G. (2015). scheme 1 adjacencies. figure. Jun. 20155

4.16

Curzon, G. (2015). scheme 1 circulation. figure. Jun. 2015

4.17

Curzon, G. (2015). scheme 2 adjacencies. figure. Jun. 2015

4.18

Curzon, G. (2015). scheme 2 circulation. figure. Jun. 2015

4.19

Curzon, G. (2015). scheme 3 adjacencies. figure. Jun. 2015

4.20

Curzon, G. (2015). scheme 3 circulation. figure. Jun. 2015

4.21

Curzon, G. (2015). scheme 1 adjacencies. figure. Jun. 2015

4.22

Curzon, G. (2015). scheme 1 circulation. figure. Jun. 2015

4.23

Curzon, G. (2015). scheme 2 adjacencies. figure. Jun. 2015

4.24

Curzon, G. (2015). scheme 2 circulation . figure. Jun. 2015

4.25

Curzon, G. (2015). program adjacencies diagram. figure. Jun. 2015

4.26

Curzon, G. (2015). floorplans large. figure. Jun. 2015

4.27

Curzon, G. (2015). first floor floorplans. figure. Jun. 2015

4.28

Curzon, G. (2015). second floor floorplans. figure. Jun. 2015

4.29

Curzon, G. (2015). site plan. figure. Jun. 2015

4.30

Curzon, G. (2015). form diagram. figure. Jun. 2015

4.31

Curzon, G. (2015). circle mandala. figure. Jun. 2015

4.32

Curzon, G. (2015). rural vs urban ven diagram. figure. Jun. 2015

4.33

Curzon, G. (2015). converging conceptions. figure. Jun. 2015

4.34

Curzon, G. (2015). concentric circle form. figure. Jun. 2015

4.35

Curzon, G. (2015). sun path diagram. figure. Jun. 2015

4.36

Curzon, G. (2015). concentric circle diagram. figure. Jun. 2015

4.37

Curzon, G. (2015). exploded axonometric form diagram. figure. Jun. 2015

4.38

Curzon, G. (2015). site section cut. figure. Jun. 2015

193

194

4.39

Curzon, G. (2015). site section cut zoomed A . figure. Jun. 2015

4.40

Curzon, G. (2015). site section cut zoomed B . figure. Jun. 2015

5.1

Curzon, G. (2015). detailed building section . figure. Jun. 2015

5.2

Curzon, G. (2015). lodge render . figure. Jun. 2015

5.3

Curzon, G. (2015). lodge lounge perspective . figure. Jun. 2015

5.4

Curzon, G. (2015). lodge entry perspective . figure. Jun. 2015

5.5

Curzon, G. (2015). building perspective render . figure. Jun. 2015

5.6

Curzon, G. (2015). observation tower render . figure. Jun. 2015

5.7

Curzon, G. (2015). rainwater collection vignette . figure. Jun. 2015

5.8

Curzon, G. (2015). circulation corridor vignette . figure. Jun. 2015

5.9

Curzon, G. (2015). louvered bridge vignette . figure. Jun. 2015

5.10

Curzon, G. (2015). hangout space vignette . figure. Jun. 2015

5.11

Curzon, G. (2015). temperature . figure. Jun. 2015

5.12

Curzon, G. (2015). dining hall vignette . figure. Jun. 2015

195

196

197