A geospatial prediction of the 2012 presidential election map analysis
In 2008, I wrote two presidential election articles for the ACSM Bulletin. The Editor has kindly invited me to submit an article predicting the 2012 election. I have lived in many of the swing, or battleground, states, and I am a keen observer of trends in electoral geography, which I will use to (humbly) predict this election. Both Democrats and Republicans have received my vote in the past. This geospatial forecast is based on an analysis of the electoral map in previous elections rather than my own views on the election.—by david miller
In order to predict the future, we must know the geopolitical past and look at previous elections, starting with 2008.
What happened in 2008? In the 2008 election, Senator Barack Obama (Democrat, Illinois) beat Senator John McCain (Republican, Arizona) in the popular vote 69 million to 59 million, as well as in the Electoral College vote 365 to 173. While the popular vote is impressive, it is the Electoral College which determines who will be President of the United States. The Framers of the U.S. Constitution created the Electoral College to reinforce federalism, as a protection against tyranny, in the new republic. First, a quick review of electoral geography. There are 538 electors in the Electoral College, and a presidential candidate needs 270 votes to win—a majority of 538. The geoMedia
august 2012
number of electors for each state matches the number of representatives and senators sent by a state to the U.S. Congress, with the exception of the District of Columbia, which gets 3 votes. The least populous states get 3 electoral votes, while the most populous state, California, gets 55. The winner of the popular vote in a state gets all the electoral votes, with the exception of Maine (4 votes) and Nebraska (5 votes) which can split their votes. The first map on the opposite page is a classic cartographic portrayal of red and blue America in the 2008 election. Proportional circles on the map illustrate states possessing a low (fewer than 10) to high (20 or more) number of electoral votes. This rendition reveals that the largest electoral prizes (California, New York, Illinois, Pennsylvania, and Florida) went to Mr. Obama—with the exception of Texas, which went to Mr. McCain.
Geopolitical Strategies for 2012
Any sort of experiment in predicting human behavior requires some geospatial assumptions, and they are listed below: • President Obama’s campaign wants to hold northeastern and west coast states—and try to capture southern states. • Mr. Romney’s campaign will defend the traditionally Republican southern and western states—and try to take northern states. • Voter turnout is key. Some 132 million voters in 2008 gave Democrats victories, but only 90 million voted in 2010, resulting in Republican wins. What Are Safe States for Republicans and Democrats in 2012? The second map (opposite) illustrates safe states for the Democratic and Republican candidates, based