International Training School by generaskopje

The project is co-financed by the Governments of Czechia, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia through Visegrad Grantsfrom International Visegrad Fund. The mission of the fund is to advance ideas for sustainable regional cooperation in Central Europe.

This project was made possible through Standard Grant No. 22110280 from the International Visegrad Fund.

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Thispublication isacollectionofthedesign projectsproducedattheInternationalTrainingSchool,heldin theperiodof16.05.-20.05.2022and at a Second Training School realized between 13.06-17.06.2022. The Training School is part of the project Towards Sustainable Future: SustainableBuildingsChallenge.TheworkthatwasbeingproducedbytheparticipantsoftheWorkshop,underthementorshipoftheGenera team via online meetings.

The design proposals intend to serve as a guide for architects and engineers involved in the process of building design and construction, to improve their knowledge in Sustainable Buildings Design and to stimulate implementation in the architectural design practice. Also, it is inteded for common citizens alike which would like to learn more about Sustainable Buildings and how they can contribute to their better life quality as wellas the opoortunities they provide for preserving the environment.

We hope that the materialpresented will instigate creative and innovative thinking for further advancements in sustainable building design.

We would would like to acknowledge the support ofthe InternationalVisegrad Fund for the realization of this book and their strive towards a more Sustainable Future.

beaslopeforsustainablearchitecturethatwouldapplystrategiesto haveanindependentsustainablefacility.Theplaceitselfoffers opportunitiesforthedevelopmentofsustainablearchitecture.

улицамитрополиттеодосијгологанов улицавладимирполежиновски улица христо смирненски улица френклин рузвелт РЛГГП ГГП ГГП РЛГГП ГГП 65097m2 100702m2 1.5 25% Location Thelocationoffersopportunitiestomakeamegastructurethatwould

П+6(7новиа) П+6(7новиа) ПРЕСЕК 1-1 ПРЕСЕК 2-2 гологанов улицафренклинрузвелт улица митрополит теодосиј улицафренклинрузвелт March-09-15h

shadowsjune shadowsdecember bird'seyeview humanperspective улица митрополит теодосиј гологанов улица владимир полежиновски улицахристосмирненски улицафренклинрузвелт РЛ ГГП РЛГГП РЛГГП РЛ ГГП ГГП РЛГГП РЛ=ГГП 1 1 3 3 2 2 Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-(block,tower,rowhouse,stand-alonebuilding.)/Numberofstories-P+..... SituationM=1:5000 Areaoftheplot Totalgrossbuiltarea Coefficientoflanduse Percentageofbuiltarea Urbanparameters shadows:21.Dec.at12hand21.Juneat15h latitude.41,998°N,longitude21,42°E Characteristicfloorplan М=1:(250)500 Section М=1:500 humanperspective humanperspective

29.05.2021 Dec-11-13h26.12.2021

Theorientationofthemegastructurehasbeen developedandplacedwiththeapartmentstowards thesoutheast,southandsouthwest,thusallowing theapartmentstobeorientedtowardstheshadow raysduringtheday,therebyobtainingthegreatest numberofilluminatedroomsduringtheday.

Theshapeofthemegastructureitselfis closedon4sideswiththeadditionand developmentof"G"and"T"shaped volumes.Suchaformallowsittobein theformofanatrium.

Sunnyroomsaredirectlyexposedtothesun'srays becausemoretimeisspentinthoseroomsduringthe day.

Thepassiveheatingofthemegastructureitselfisthe installationofthermalpumpsthatareinthe undergroundwaterthatprovideheatintheapartments themselves,withtheverymaterializationforthe apartmentsandroomsthatmakeawarmspacein winter.thusthemegastructureitselfisindependent.

Thecoolingofthesummitmegastructureisbyinstalling thermalpumpsthatgototheundergroundwaterandthus coolstheroomsintheapartmentsthemselves,alsofromthe materializationofthefacadewallsandtheinteriorwalls.The coolingitselfintheapartmentsallowstohaveapleasant spaceinthewarmweatherperiods.

A=111081m2 V=62220m3 Pn=9765m2 FASADES М=1:250

FLOORRATIO BUILDINGCOMPACTNESS FORMFACTOR

C=A/V=1.78m2/m3 F=А/Pn=8.8m2/m2 R=X/Y=1:1.07

VIEWFROMTHESOUTH VIEWFROMTHEEAST VIEWFROMTHENORTH VIEWFROMTHEWEST

18.2m 19.6m

V1 A

R=X/Y1=1:1.53 C=A/V1=1.38m2/m3 F=А/Pn1=11.37m2/m2 A1=59296m2 V1=43027m3 Pn1=6730m2 М=1:1500 гологанов улицавладимир рузвелт П+6(7новиа) П+6(7новиа) М=1:1000 neighbour neighbour М=1:1500 М=1:2000 М=1:2000 Thereisalsopassiveheatfromthe sun'srays. Passiveheatingthrough indirectwindowgain Solarpanelsforenergy productioninapartments Corrodercoolingwith protectivedoubleglass Woodenfacadecladding protectionfromweather Protectiveglassforvertical communications Passiveheatingthrough indirectgategain Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-(block,tower,rowhouse,stand-alonebuilding.)/Numberofstories-P+..... Buildingenvelopearea Netvolume Netareaofafloorplan SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES FORMEFFICIENCY ORIENTATION FORM SUNSPACE PASSIVEENCLOSURE COOLING

16.9m 16.2m 10.1m 10.3m 19.7m

15.5m

VENTILATION

GLAZING

ZONING

SHIELDING

ENERGYEFFICIENCY

Doorandwindowopenings fortheglazingofwindow openingsanddoors,aswell asverticalcommunications.

Glazingofthesidecorridors.

Theventilationinthemegastructureitselfand theapartmentsthemselvesiswithnarrow corridorstoallowtheairtoflowinside,inthe apartmentsandroomsthemselvesitisplanned tohavelargewindowopeningsthatwillallow theretobeenoughairintheroomsthemselves.

Theglazingofthecorridorsis35%duetothefactthatthere isdoubleglasstoprotectitfromtheweatherandalsofrom theoppositionoftheapartmentstothecorridors,the glazingoftheroomsis20%.

-translucentglassforthecorridors -thermalwaterpumps(allowsmega structurestobeseamless) -solarpanelsforelectricityproduction -plasterboard(diamond) -stonewood -PVCwiththreeglasses. -PVCdoor -Woodendoors -Thermaltilesforkitchen,bathroom andtoilet.

Thezoningofthemegastructures issetupsothatthereisapassage onbothsidesoftheapartments, onesidewithcorridors,theother sidewithlongitudinalterraces.

Thedroppedterraces themselvesmake shelterintheroomsin theapartments themselves.

Installationofsolarpanelsforenergy production.

Descriptionд=1.5см Descriptionд=1.5см

Descriptionд=15см

Descriptionд=1.2см

Theshadingisdoneinsuchawaythatthere isadischargeofterracesthatdoenoughto shadethespaceonthedischargeterraces, therebyshadingtheroomsthathavesunlight duringtheday,alsofromtheroofstructure.

Solarpanelshavebeeninstalledfacing southandsouthwestsothatthesun's rays,whichfurtherproduceenergyforthe structureitself,therebyenablingthe buildingitselftobesuppliedwith electricity.

Descriptionд=1см U=0.566W/m2K

+3.06 +6.12 +9.18 +22.92 9x17 8x30 neighbour

Descriptionд=1.2см гологанов владимир френклин коридори тераси

corridors.

openingsforventilation oflivingspacesand bedrooms.

ventilationofside

Doorandwindow

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-(block,tower,rowhouse,stand-alonebuilding.)/Numberofstories-P+..... SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES SUSTAINABLEAPARTMENT SectionM=1:200 FloorplanM=1:200 FacadewallM=1:200 FacadeM=1:200 neighbour

Theobjectarepositionedinawaythatprovidesmaximumsunshineto theapartments,avoidingtheshadowsfromtheseobjectsandthe neighbours.Theblockarealignedwiththeeast-westaxisaswellas northeast-southwestaxis,thusthediningroomandthebedroomsare facingthesouthortheeastsouth.Oppositeofthat,thecorridorsin theseblocksarefacingthenorthside.

Section М=1:500 65097m2 103086m2 1.58 8.23% Location

21.Decat12h 21.Јuneat15h улицамитрополиттеодосијгологанов улицавладимирполежиновски улица христо смирненски улица френклин рузвелт РЛГГП ГГП РЛ = ГГП РЛ = ГГП A2 П+17 H=51m A2 П+17 H=51m A2 П+17 H=51m A2 П+20 H=60m A2 П+20 H=60m A2 П+20 H=60m Shadows PerspectivewithshadowsinDecember AxonometrywithshadowsinDecember AxonometrywithshadowsinJune December June Humaneyeperspectives Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-block.Numberofstories-P+17 SituationM=1:5000 Characteristicfloorplan М=1:500 Areaoftheplot Totalgrossbuiltarea Coefficientoflanduse Percentageofbuiltarea Urbanparameters latitude.41,998°N,longitude21,42°E 51.9 30.8 12 51.9

ORIENTATION PASSIVEHEATINGANDCOOLINGWITHGEOTHERMALPUMP

SOUTH SOUTH-EAST

Someoftheapartmentsarefacingthesouth,whileothersarefacingthe south-eastside.Thecornerapartmentsarealsofacingtheeast-side,thus alotofsunshineentertheindoorspaceofeachapartment.Ontheother side,thenorthfacadehassmallwindowsprovidingagoodinsulationand avoidingheatlosses.

THEHEATISDISPERSEDINTOTHEGROUND

Thehugeunbuiltareaaroundtheblocksallowsplacingageothermalheatpumpwithallofthenecessaryundergroundinstallationsinahorizontalloopthatoffersanadvantageof easyfixingincaseofapipeproblem.Whiletheairtemperaturecandrasticallyvaryduringthedayandthenight,afewmetersbelowtheearth’ssurfacethegroundremainsa relativelyconstanttemperature.Thenaturalgroundtemperatureiscoolerthanthenaturalairtemperatureinsummer,andwarmerthanthenaturalairinwinter.Thegeothermalheat pumpmovestheheatfromonespacetoanother.Insummer,thegeothermalheatpumpextractsheatfromabuildingandtransfersittothegroundforcooling.Inwinter,the geothermalheatpumptakesnaturalheatfromthegroundandtransfersittothebuildingforheatingtheindoorair.

A=12760m2 V=43021m3 Pn=861m2

C=A/V=0.3m2/m3 F=А/Pn=14.82 R=X/Y=1:2.42

NORTHELEVATION

WESTELEVATION EASTELEVATION VENTILATEDFACADE PASSIVEHEATINGANDCOOLINGUSINGTHEGEOTHERMALENERGY

SOUTH-WEST X=82m Y = 34 m A V P A

SOUTHELEVATION

SEMITRANSPARENT PHOTOVOLTAICSHADERS

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-block.Numberofstories-P+17 SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES FORMEFFICIENCY Buildingenvelopearea Netvolume Netareaofafloorplan FLOORRATIO BUILDINGCOMPACTNESS FORMFACTOR ELEVATIONSM=1:2000

THEHEATISAPSORBEDFROMTHEGROUND

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-block.Numberofstories-P+17

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES

VENTILATEDFACADE

Thebuildingisenvelopedwithaventilatedfacadewithacontinuouslayerofmineralwoolandanaircavityinwhichtheairisallowedtopassbetween theinsulationandthecoating,generatinga“chimneyeffect”thatcreatesnaturalventilation.Thiseffect,throughheattransferbyconvection,makes theventilatedfacadewarminsummerandcirculatestheairinsidethechamber,replacingthewarmairwithcolderair.Ontheotherhand,duringthe wintermonthstheairinthechamberisheated,butnotenoughtocirculateandrenewitself.Theventilatedfacadeallowssignificantenergysavingsin thebuildingthankstothechimneyeffectitgenerates,whichresultsinlessheatabsorptioninthehotmonthsandlessdispersioninthecoldones.In addition,theventilatedfacadesystemavoidshumidityandthermalbridges.

Plasterboardd=1,2см Ceramicblockd=15см

Bitumenhydroinsulationd=0.1cм Metalprofiles

Mineralwool-2слојад=10см Aircavityd=4см

Ceramicfacadepanelsd=1.2см

LOW-EMISSIVITYGLASS PHOTOVOLTAICPANELSASVERTICALSHADERS spacerbar

standard reinforcement lowe-glass

Големитеотворинајужнатаијугоисточна фасадасезастакленисониско-емисионо стаклокоештоволетниотпериодги slimprofile

SectionM=1:200 FloorplanM=1:200 FacadewallM=1:200 FacadeM=1:200 U=0.266W/m2K SUSTAINABLEAPARTMENT

одбиваултравиолетовитезрацидодекаво зимскиотпериодјазачувуватоплотната енергијаигипропуштасончевитезраци. Thesemi-transparentphotovoltaicshadersdonotblockthewintersun Ventilatedfacade Largeareasoflowemissionglass

Semi-transparentphotovoltaicpanelsareplacedasverticalshadersinfrontofthe largewindowshavingadualbenefit.Theshadersblockthesummersunfrom enteringandheatingthespace,butletthewintersunwarmtheindoorair.Atthe sametimetheheatingenergyfromthesuncanbeusedforheatingthewater. Thankstothesemi-transparencytheseshadersdonotblocktheoutsideview. gasfilledcavity ArgonCrypton

60 улицамитрополиттеодосијгологанов улицавладимирполежиновски улица христо смирненски улица френклин рузвелт РЛ ГГП ГГП РЛГГП ГГП ГГП 65097m2 93805m2 1,44 7,88% +60.00 П+16 П+16 П+16 П+20 П+20 П+20 +0.00 -7.00 67,50m 26,7 m Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-stand-alonebuilding/Numberofstories-P+20 SituationM=1:5000 Areaoftheplot Totalgrossbuiltarea Coefficientoflanduse Percentageofbuiltarea Urbanparameters shadows:21.Dec.at12hand21.Juneat15h latitude.41,998°N,longitude21,42°E Characteristicfloorplan М=1:(250)500 Section М=1:500

ORIENTATION FORM

Thebuildingisrotated20.5°duesouth,thatwaythereisenoughsun exposureduringtheday.Thisangleischosenbecauseitistheangleof shadowat3pminJune,sothebuildingisnotcastingshadeonitsownat thistime.

FORMEFFICIENCY

Buildingenvelopearea Netvolume Netareaofafloorplan FLOORRATIO BUILDINGCOMPACTNESS FORMFACTOR FACADES(westfacadeontheleftandsouthfacadeontheright)

21Јун.12:00

SHADERS

Withtheformofacascade,thebuildingaimsformultiple orientations,thatwaytherearemaximumsunnyhoursin theapartments.

A P A Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-stand-alonebuilding/Numberofstories-P+20

Becauseoftheconsolesandtheshaders,thesunshineislimited fromenteringintotheinterior,sothereisnotmuchheatingduring thesummer.Theseconsolesandshadershavedimensionsthat allowsunbeamstopassdeeperintheapartmentsduringthe winter,evenwhenthesunisatitshighest.

Structuralventilatedfacade

Horizontalshaders

Consoles(terraces) thathavetheroleofshaders

Withefacade(passive coolingduringthesummer) Y = 25,5 m X=67,5m C=A/V=0,32m2/m3 F=А/Pn=18,5m2/m2 R=X/Y=1:2,65 A=12516m2 V=39296m3 Pn=678m2

J И(Ј-И) З(Ј-З)

21Јун.10:00 21Дек.12:00 V

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES

Theshadersareconstructedfromwoodenbeams. Theirdimensionsanddensityatwhichtheyare placedhaveresultedfromtheangleofthelight. Also,thisway,theycontributetotheaestheticsof thebuilding.

Facadewall Facade Mortard=2см Doubleorientation>> Moresunnyhours Consolesandshaders Utilitiesoriented north Bedroomandliving roomorientedsouth Ceramicbrickd=20см Thermalinsulationd=10см Trappedaird=5см Facadepaneld=2,5см Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-stand-alonebuilding/Numberofstories-P+20 SectionM=1:200 FloorplanM=1:200 SUSTAINABLEAPARTMENT

улицамитрополиттеодосијгологанов улицавладимирполежиновски улица христо смирненски улица френклин рузвелт РЛ ГГП ГГП РЛГГП ГГП ГГП Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-(stand-alonebuilding)/Numberofstories-G+3 SituationM=1:5000 Characteristicfloorplan М=1:250 Section М=1:500 Areaoftheplot 65097m2 Totalgrossbuiltarea Coefficientoflanduse Percentageofbuiltarea Urbanparameters Location -Thebuildingsarearrangedinsuchawaythateachoneofthem formsakindofsemi-closedcourtyard,theyarealsoplacedatgood distancessoasnottoovershadowtheotherbuildings. shadows:21.Dec.at12hand21.Juneat15h latitude.41,998°N,longitude21,42°E 54280m2 0,83 31.44% +13.44 21.Dec,at12h 21.June,at15h

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES

Buildingenvelopearea Netvolume Netareaofafloorplan FACADES FLOORRATIO BUILDINGCOMPACTNESS FORMFACTOR C=A/V=0.23m2/m3 F=А/Pn=3.016m2 R=X/Y=1:1.14 A=3619.2m2 V=15482.88m3

Northelevation Southelevation Eastelevation Westelevation Y = 48 m X=42m P V A A Ventilation Kinetictiles Shaders Solarblinds Theseelements,aswellasgivingagooddesignto

Shaders Passiveheatingandcooling Ventilationsystem

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-(stand-alonebuilding)/Numberofstories-G+3

FORMEFFICIENCY

Pn=1200m2

thefacade,alsohelpinaccumulatingsolarenergy, buttheyareclosedsoasnottoletinlightinthehot summertimes.

Thepositiveaspectandagoodreasonforinstallingsucha systemisthatitallowsaconstantcirculationoffreshairas wellasclean,sothissystemcomeswithitsownfilters. Kinetictiles Thisnewinnovativemethodforpassivelyaccumulatingelectricityby placingthefootpathswiththepedestrianswhowillmovewillproduce energypassively. Ventilation Thermalmass Thebenefitofthismethodofconstruction thefloorsareveryefficientinbothsummerandwinter,asthey absorbtheheatfromthedaytimeperiodandreleaseitatnight (andviceversa) Kinetictiles

SectionM=1:200 FloorplanM=1:200 FacadewallM=1:200 FacadeM=1:200 SUSTAINABLEAPARTMENT Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-(stand-alonebuilding)/Numberofstories-G+3 SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES Construction Theadvantageofthisconstructionsystemisthatit isenvironmentallypositiveandminimizesdamage tonatureandgivesapleasantappearanceby usingnaturalcolors. Construction Solarpanels Byinsertingthesolarpanels,werelievetheneedtouseharmfulmethodsofgeneratingelectricity, alsotheefficiencyoftheelectricitysupplyisincreasedbythefactthatthereareotherelementsbuilt intothebuildingandtheblock(solartower,kinetictiles,photovoltaicshuttersetc). Solarpanels Aluminiumpanel=1см Air=4см Ceramic wool=15см Innerpanel=2см U=9.56W/m2K Strengtheningplate=5см Photovoltaicblinds/ Shaders Passiveheatingandcooling Automaticadjustableblinds Ventilation

улицамитрополиттеодосијгологанов улицавладимирполежиновски улица христо смирненски улица френклин рузвелт РЛ ГГП РЛ Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-stand-alonebuilding/Numberofstories-P+7 SituationM=1:5000 Characteristicfloorplan М=1:(250)500 Section М=1:500 Areaoftheplot Totalgrossbuiltarea Coefficientoflanduse Percentageofbuiltarea Urbanparameters +36.00 shadows:21.Dec.at12hand21.Juneat15h latitude.41,998°N,longitude21,42°E 65097m2 101760m2 15.4 43.5% Location Thelocationisonthelandoftheformerfactory

furniture"Treska",whichtodayaboundswithalotofgreeneryand representsanexcellentplaceforcreatingurbangreenery,therefore thisconceptisreducedtofree-standingbuildingsthat formparksbetweenthem.

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES

Souhorentationononesdeandnorh

FORMEFFICIENCY

Sunnyareatothesouthside Possibilityofusefromthelivingroom Itisusedinthewinterperiodfor interiorheating.

Theairspaceconsistsofahollow "diaphragm"thatliesbetweenthe load-bearingwallstructureandthe cladding,indirectcommunicationwith theoutside.

Solarcontrolglazing,designedtoreducesolar heatgain,thusreducingdependenceon ventilationandairconditioningsystems.

ORIENTATION FORM

GLAZING SUNSPACE FLOORRATIO BUILDINGCOMPACTNESS FORMFACTOR Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-stand-alonebuilding/Numberofstories-P+7

Buildingenvelopearea Netvolume Netareaofafloorplan FACADES

AIRSPACE

a ce s

Southfacade Northfacade Westfacade Eastfacade

ontheotherFromthesouthsde,drect useofsoarenergysobanedinhe w nter per od nermsofform,arectangularbulding wthaddedcurvedsurfacesrepresenting th e t

A=4683.5m2 V=20049.4m3 Pn=786.25m2 y=18.5 C=A/V=0.3m2/m3 F=А/Pn=5.9m2/m2 R=X/Y=1:2.29

Usingheatpumpsforheatingandcooling.Thereisno needtospendadditionalmaterialsforexternalshading ofthewindows,duetotheuseofPlanitermglass, ventilatedfacade,biophilicterraces,wherewithopen externaldoors(ontheterrace),theairisfresh,moistand cleanandthereisnoneedforadditionalpurifiersforair.

SectionM=1:200 FloorplanM=1:200 FacadewallM=1:200 FacadeM=1:200 SUSTAINABLEAPARTMENT Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-stand-alonebuilding/Numberofstories-P+7

Sustainable residential building / Type - tower / Number of stories - P+12 улица митрополит теодосиј гологанов улица владимир полежиновски улица христо смирненски улица френклин рузвелт РЛ ГГП ГГП РЛ ГГП ГГП Situation M=1:5000 Characteristic floor plan М=1:100 Area of the plot Total gross built area Coefficient of land use Percentage of built area Urban parameters Location -Located

the central area

the location is within a radius of

public and cultural activities. It

land

furniture

location and thus contributes

attractiveness

location. -The objects are placed in scad with the placement

the sun. shadows: 21. Dec. at 12 h and 21.June at 15 h latitude. 41,998° N, longitude 21,42° E 65097 m2 99960 m2 1.54 13.45 % Section B-B Section A-A + 39.00 Б A A Б

of Skopje,

a large number of

represents the

of the former

factory "Treska", which has a central

to the

of the

PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS

INVENOR

The eaves have dimensions that allow, during the summer, to prevent the sun's rays from entering directly through the windows, thus keeping the room lower temperatures. In winter, it lets in a larger amount of light that enters through the windows and heats the room.

Photovoltaic (PV) modules convert sunlight into electricity. They have no moving parts, so they are reliable and have minimal maintenance needs. The PV system does not need fuel, does not emit polluting gases, is silent and maintenance is minimal. PV panels produce electricity even in cloudy conditions and in winter.

least two layers of glass, placed separately distance (with border strip) and hermetically sealed. The border tape contains a dehydrator to absorb the moisture that remained between the layers of glass, This prevents fogging between the layers.

The light pipe is used to bring daylight from the outside to the inside of the closed space and can be easily applied during renovation or during the construction of a new building. This technology avoids some disadvantages associated with ceiling glazed openings.

The

ORIENTACIONFORM SUN'S RAYS sun hot air ventilated air R U Air cycle east nourth west

The tower is rotated 45 degrees, aiming for more lit rooms in the apartments.

main orientation is to the south. It has form in sight

the letter X and in the center of the main axes there is an atrium.

INSULATING GLASS THE LIGHT PIPE

cold air Improperly placed heating element properly placed heating element

cold air

Section M=1:200 Floor plan M=1:200 Facade wall M=1:200 Facade M=1:200 SUSTAINABLE APARTMENT SUSTAINABLE DESIGN STRATEGIES Sustainable residential building / Type - tower / Number of stories - P+12 U = 1.131 W/m2K The vegetation in this case serves as insulation of the building and helps in regulating the room temperature and reduces the emissions from heaters and air conditioners. The inner layer is waterproof and protects the walls from moisture. The middle layer is biological and absorbs moisture which then stimulates the development of organisms such as moss and fungi. The outer layer is a coating that allows moisture to pass through to the middle layer, but prevents it from evaporating. GREEN FACADE interior plaster 2сm siporex block сm glue and netting 2сm styrofoam 10сm final layer сm см thermal comfort air quality noise absorption biophilia

Location-TreskaFactory

Onthelocationitself,thereare2buildings,withlargedimensions,which formablocksystem.TheonebuildingwithaheightofP+5,hasacomb structure,withtwo-sidedorientedapartmentsineachofthearms.The otherbuilding,withaheightofP+7,hasaclosed,squarestructure,with apartmentsorientedononeside.Theyareplacedinsuchawayinthe location,inorderthatalltheapartmentsaredirectlyilluminatedbythe sun'sraysduringtheday,orientedtowardsthesouthside,sothereare noapartmentstowardsthenorth.

Section2-2М=1:2500

Section4-4М=1:2500 65097m2 823338m2 2.1 29.5%

Ул.МитрополитТеодосијГологанов Ул.ВладимирПолежиновски Ул. Христо Смирненски Ул. Френклин Рузвелт ГГП ГГП 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 Axometricviews BuildingP+5 Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-Blocks/Numberofstories-P+5andP+7 Characteristicfloor ObjectP+5 M=1:2500 Characteristicfloor ObjectP+7 M=1:2500 Areaoftheplot Totalgrossbuiltarea Coefficientoflanduse

SituationM=1:5000 shadowson:December21,12pmandJune21at3pm Section1-1М=1:2500

Section3-3М=1:2500

latitude41,998°N,longitude21,42°E

Percentageofbuiltarea Urbanparameters

BuildingP+548600m2,BuildingP+787200m

Grossbuiltarea(total)=135,800m

Axometricviews BuildingP+7

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES

ORIENTATION

SUNLIGHTANDHEAT

SHADING

SUMMER

Highsummersun

Passivestrategy inthesummer

Lowwintersun Passivestrategy inwinter

Orientationofthebuildingstothesouth,inasmaller percentagetotheeastandwest,whilethereareno orientedapartmentsinthenorth.Largewindow openingsonthesouthfacades,aswellasontheeast andwestfacades,foralargeamountofdirectnatural lightandheat.

FORMEFFICIENCY

Passiveheatingandcoolingstrategy: winter-directsunlightenteringthroughthewindowopenings, warmingthebuildinginwinter. summer-reduceingtheheatbyplantingdeciduoustreesonthe southside,theleavesblockthesun'srays,makingashadein thesummer.

WINTER

FACADES

FLOORRATIO

GREENROOF+SOLARSYSTEM

Solarpanel

Mountingprofile

Solarbaseframe

Installationofsunshades: summer:ontheoutsideofthewindow,whenthesunisatits highest,thelargeangleofsunlightwillbeblockedbythe sunshades. winter:fromtheoutsideofthewindow,whentheangleof sunlightwillbesmaller,therayswillpassdirectlythroughthe windowsunderthesunshades.

BUILDINGCOMPACTNESS FORMFACTOR

SolarbaseSB200 Roofstructureandwaterproofing Vegetation

Installationofagreenroofandsolarpanels: Aflatroofisthebestlocationtoinstallasolarpowersystem.Butsignificanteffectscanbe achievedwithapropercombinedsystem,wherethepanelscombinedwithagreenroofwill workmuchbetter.

Solarpanelshaveframeswhoseheightcreatesenoughdistancebetweenthesubstratelayer andthepanelsthemselves,providingtheplantswithenoughsunlight,waterandallowing propermaintenance.Thesolarbatteryconsistsofaprotectiveanddrainagelayer,solarbase panelsandsolarbaseframes.

П+7

FП+5

RП+5

RП+7

2 А

CП+5=35735.04/117624=0.31m2/m3 C

=73697.6/225690=0.32m2/m3

=35735.04/6760=5.3m2/m2

П+7=73697.6/9728=7.5m2/m2

=162/100=1:1.62

=170/170=1:1

P+5=35735.04m

P+7=73697.60m

N S E W 1 2 3 4 5 6 V

X=162m Y=100 m X=170m Y=170 m

ЕasternandWesternfacadeP+7 P+5 P+7 Passive heating and cooling Sunshades Solar system South facing apartments Native planting 1 2 3 4 5 Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-Blocks/Numberofstories-P+5andP+7

P+5=117624m3

P+7=225690m3

P+5=6760m2

P+7=9728m2

NorthernfacadeP+5 SouthernfacadeP+5 NorthernandSouthernfacadeP+7

N S E

apartmentsorientedto theSouth apartmentsorientedto theEast apartmentsorientedto theWest

Buildingenvelopearea Netvolume Netareaof characteristicfloor

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES

RAINWATERSYSTEM

HEATINGANDCOOLINGSYSTEM

CONTINUOUSINSULATION

Commonapplicationsofcontinuousinsulation:

LOCALVEGETATION

Rainwaterharvestingasanaccumulationofwaterresources. Environmentalrunoffsolutionschemeandundergroundpipe drainageforsustainablecollectionandreusevector illustration.Themaincomponentsoftherainwaterharvesting systemareconveyance,storage,overflow,drainage, distribution.

Heatpumpsareusedforefficientprovisionofheatingandcoolingof buildings.Theseareelectricallypowereddevicesthatextractheatfroma placewithalowtemperatureanddeliverittoaplacewithahigher temperature.Thepumpusesextraelectricitytocounteractthenaturalheat flowandpumpstheavailableenergyfromacoolerplacetoawarmerplace. Asenergyisextractedfromthesource,thetemperatureofthesource decreases.Whenabuildingisusedasasource,heatenergywillbe removed,coolingthatspace.Otherwise,heatenergywillbeadded,which willwarmthespace.

Continuousinsulation-insulationofallstructuralelements

Itisinstalledinside,outsideorasanintegralpartofthebuildingenvelope. Continuousinsulationcanbeusedwithavarietyofwallstructuralsystems andcladdingmaterialssuchascementboard,stucco,wood,brick,stone. Itsuseisextensiveduetoitsabilitytoreducethermalbridgingandincrease energyefficiency.Itisrequiredtoachievehighperformancewallassemblies. Itsbenefits:increasedthermalperformance,reducedoperatingcosts,reduced airinfiltration,reducedriskofwatercondensationandmoistureingress, efficientinstallation.

Houseplantsretainsoil,slowrunoff,andabsorb nutrients.Theyareself-sustainingandsupportwildlife, includingbeneficialinsects,pollinatorsandbirds. Theseplantsareusedaroundhomesandingardensto createsustainablelandscapes.

Stonemineralwoold=10cm Glueforreinforcementd=0.5cm Reinforcement/facademeshd=0.2cm

Finishedfacadeplasterd=0.2cm

PlanM=1:200 FacadewallM=1:75 Facades U=0.272W/m2K олук 1 2 2 LEDlight Triple glazing Ecologicalwallpaint Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-Blocks/Numberofstories-P+5andP+7

washingclothes flushingthetoilet watering carwash overflow undergroundwater pump filtering main reservoir pipes gutter leakage rain

SUMMER WINTER HEATENERGY isabsorbedfromindoorair COOLINGDEVICE heatrecoveryandfansfor blowingcoldair COOLINGDEVICE heatenergytransport HEATENERGY releasedoutside HEATENERGY absorbedfromtheoutsideair COOLINGDEVICE heatenergytransport HEATENERGY isreleasedinside COOLINGDEVICE heatrecoveryandfansfor blowinghotair

Section2-2M=1:200 SUSTAINABLEAPARTMENT Inductive cook-top Energy efficient appliances Toiletwith doubleflush Aerator foratap Floor heating Certified wood Section1-1M=1:200

Gypsumcardboardplatesd=1.25cm Foamconcreteblockd=20cm Glued=0.5cm

Glueforreinforcementd=0.5cm Basecoat

Thebuildingsarecharacterizedfirstlybytheirheightwhichdominateswithin thelocation.Becauseofthatweareabletoutilizethelocationforfurther urbanplanningwhichallowsplentyofgreenspacesthatsurroundthe buildingsaswellastwobasketballfieldsandplaygroundsforchildren.The locationalsoconsistsofafewsquaresthatenablesocialgatherings.The buildingsarepositionedinsuchawaythattheirvastshadowswon'tinteract asmuchasitispossibleconsideringthebuildingsheight.Onthesouthern perimeterthereisabigwoodedareathatcancelsouturbannoisepollution.

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-Stand-alonebuilding/Numberofstories-P+16/AnastasijaKosteska8045

Section М=1:500

Coefficientoflanduse Percentageofbuiltarea

shadows:21.Dec.at12hand21.Juneat15h

SituationM=1:5000

Areaoftheplot Totalgrossbuiltarea

Urbanparameters

latitude.41,998°N,longitude21,42°E

65097m2 106,804m2 18.53 8.85% улицамитрополиттеодосијгологанов улицавладимирполежиновски улица христо смирненски улица френклин рузвелт РЛГГП ГГП РЛ ГГП РЛГГП ГГП РЛ ГГП +36.00 Characteristicfloorplan М=1:500

Thebuildingispositionedinsuchawaythatthe apartmentsfacemostlytheeasternandwesternsidewitha limitedsouthernexposurethat'scoveredwithlouvres.The facadesaremostlyglasspanelsthatarerecessedinsuch awaythatthebalconiesthemselvescreateashadow,and aspaceforplantinggreeneryisattachedtothebalonies Thereareverticallouvresoneachofthebalconieswhich wouldcreateadditionalshadeasneededbytheusers

FORMEFFICIENCY

Thebuildinghasarectangularshapewith apartmentsorientedtothewesternandeastern sideOnthenorthernsidetherearetwoside towersthatserveasinstallationsforcollecting andwateringtheverticalgreeneryofthebuilding.

Inthecentralcorridor,naturalventilationisprovided throughthewindowsnexttothestairs.Thestaircase isnotfireproofinordertoallowconstantventilation, butthereisalsothepossibilityofclosingit.The apartmentshavethepossibilityofventilationaswell astheexitofhotair.

Retractedbalconiesallowsunlightanditsheattopenetrateduringwinter,whilethesunraysduringsummerdonotreachtheglasssurface.Additionalcoolingin thesummerperiodismadepossiblethroughthegreenbalconiesthatstretchalongtheeasternandwesternsidesofthebuilding.Thegreenerythatisplanted canbedeciduousorevergreen,withdeciduousallowingmoresunraystoreachthewindowsinwintertime,whereasevergreentreescouldpreventcoldwinds. Solarpanelsareplacedontheroofofthebuilding,whichwouldsatisfythedemandforelectricityforonebuilding..Also,thebuildinghasagreenroofwiththe abilitytoabsorbrainwaterandtransportitandreuseitfortheneedsofthebuilding.Atthestairwellaswellasatthesouthernopeningsofthebuildingthereare louvrestoavoidexcessiveheating.Doubleglazingwouldalsobeused.Woodenlouvresareplacednexttothebalconiesthatcanenablefurthershading.

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES

FACADES ORIENTATION FORM

FLOORRATIO BUILDINGCOMPACTNESS FORMFACTOR SOLARPANELSPLACEDONTOP OFTHEGREENROOF SUNRAYS DURINGSUMMER SUNRAYS DURINGWINTER SOLARPANELSWITHGREENROOFTHATIS CAPABLEOFCOLLECTINGRAINWATER GREENROOFDETAIL GREEN FACADE

Buildingenvelopearea Netvolume Netareaofafloorplan

SUNSPACE,PASSIVEHEATINGANDCOOLING

C=A/V=0.21m2/m3 R=38.2/19.6=1:1.95 A=8065m2 V=38948m3 Pn=703m2 F=А/Pn=11.47m2/m2 PASSIVECOOLINGMADE POSSIBLEBYTHEGREENFACADE A P V A Verticallouvresplacedon theglasswindows verticallouvresplacedata30°angle onthesouthernsideofthebuilding Solarpanelsplacedon theselfdraininggreenroof Greenfacade Verticallouvresplacedonthe glassthatcoversthestaircase EASTERNFACADE SOUTHERNFACADEWESTERNFACADE NORTHERNSIDE VENTILATION Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-Stand-alonebuilding/Numberofstories-P+16/AnastasijaKosteska8045

Inadditiontogreeneryandtallvegetation,severalwaterbodiesandundergroundtanksfor collectingrainwaterwouldbeplacedonthesiteitselfnearthebuildingsWatercanalsobe collectedthroughthegreenroofandthentakentothesametanksforfurtherpurificationand useofthewaterfortheneedsofthefacility.Suchwatercanbeusedbothinhouseholds andforwateringfacadegreenery.Watersurfacesalsoprovideamicroclimateeffectthrough evaporationandcoolingduringsummerdays.

Withthehelpofthegreenareasitispossibletocontrolthetemperatureofthelocationandthe effectonitsmicroclimatethroughpassivecooling.Thegreenfacade,thegreenroofandthe greeneryplacedwithinthelocationallowforoptimalcoolinginthesummerwhentemperaturesin thecityreachover40°C.Withthiskindofvegetation,cleanairismadepossibleanditsconstant purification,whichisabigproblemforthecityofSkopjeduringthewintermonths.Also,thegreen areasthatareplacedalongtheperimeteroftheareaallowforthereductionofurbansounds

Awidergreenbeltisbeinglaidalong"TheodosijGologanov"Blvd.,whichwould providetheresidentswithaquieterandpeacefullife.Inadditiontotall vegetation,lowvegetationisalsoplacedonthesite,anditsmadesurethat drainageispossibleevenonthepathways,thusmaintainingthewatercyclein theenvironment.Thegrassvegetationwouldallowtheabsorptionofrainwater anditsaccumulationthroughtheinstalledundergroundreservoirs.

Thebuildingischaracterizedbyalargepercentageofglasswindowstherefore double-glazedwindowopeningsandlouvresinstallationsareused.Theglass openingsofthesouthernfacadearecompletelycoveredbylouvresthatare placedatanangleof30°.Attentionisalsopaidtothethermalbridgesthatoccur andfullinsulationofsuchspotswouldbeinstalledtoallowminimallossof temperatureinthewinterperiodaswellasacompletereductionintheuseofair conditionersduringthesummerperiod.

SectionM=1:200 FloorplanM=1:200 FacadewallM=1:20 FacadeM=1:200

SUSTAINABLEAPARTMENT

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-Stand-alonebuilding/Numberofstories-P+16/AnastasijaKosteska8045 Concretebrickd=

Hydroinsulation

GREEN FACADE VENTILATION VENTILATION GREEN FACADE GREEN FACADE GLASSDOUBLE THERMALBRIDGESOLUTION

VEGETATIONANDGREENSPACESWITHINTHELOCATION GREEN FACADE GREEN FACADE GREENROOF О2 О2 VIEWS URBAN NOISE GLAZINGANDINSULATION GREEN FACADE DOUBLE GLASS TEODOSIJGOLOGANOVBLVD. PROTECTIVEGREENBELT 1 1 2 THERMALBRIDGESOLUTION DOUBLEGLASS GREEN FACADE GREEN FACADE GREENROOF URBAN NOISE URBAN NOISE URBAN NOISE URBAN NOISE THERMALBRIDGESOLUTION DOUBLE GLASS DOUBLE GLASS DOUBLE GLASS Drywalld=1.25сm

VENTILATION

20сm

CSMd=0,1сm Thermalinsulation d=10сm U=0.309W/m2K Drywalld=1.25сm Mortard=2сm

ACCUMULATIONOFRAINWATER

Mortard=2сm SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES

latitude.41,998°N,longitude21,42°E 9х17 х17 A A Б Б

Urbanparameters

9х17 х17 A 11.8

Location: -Theplacementoftheobjectsresultedfromthegivenconditionsofthelocation, i.e.accordingtotheconditionsfornaturallightingasaconclusionofthe analyzesmade.

улицавладимирполежиновски улица улица френклин рузвелт ЛЕГЕНДА -ориентираностна станови

50.1 улицамитрополиттеодосијгологанов

П+.2м

21stDecember 11-13h h h Areaoftheplot Totalgrossbuiltarea Coefficientoflanduse Percentageofbuiltarea

21stJune 11-13h 21stDecember11h azimuth 21stDecember13h azimuth 21stJune11ч azimuth 21stJune13ч azimuth

П+Н=.2м

Asolarshadowstudyforaperiodin: П+Н=.2м

П+Н=.2м ЛЕГЕНДА -објектсо5нивоа -објектсо7нивоа -ориентираностна станови

h h

улицавладимирполежиновски улица френклин рузвелт ЛЕГЕНДА -објектсонивоа -објектсонивоа

улицамитрополиттеодосијгологанов

65097m 81635.3m 1,25 21.15%

Characteristicfloorplan М=1:500 Section М=1:500

BuildingswithstoreyP+6aregallery-style,withapartmentsorientedtothe southandsoutheast,whilebuildingswithstoreyP+4areorientedonbothsides, tothewestandeast,andareplacedatasufficientdistanceforlightingand ventilation. B

ORIENTATION FORM

Verticalshaders

ThebuildingwithafloorofP+6isdesignedasagallerysystem, duetothefavorablesouthandsouthwestorientationoftheapartments. Duetodirectexposuretothesunthroughouttheday, thereisaneedtousebrisolei.

FORMEFFICIENCY

A=4078m2 V=11513m3 Pn=538m2

Theshapeisobtainedwithasimplelinearblocksystem, withacorridor-galleryononeofthelongersides,whichis fullyilluminatedandapartmentswithterracesonthesouthside.

Asanimprovementofthedirectexposuretothesouth sideareusedbrisolei-shaders,intheformof verticalwallsbetweenneighboringbalconies.

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES Y = 11,8 m X=50,1m

Axonometricrenderingshowingthestrategiesapplied

ventilated(southern)facadewith photovoltaicpanelsattached brisolei-vertical shadersfromeastandwest V A P A

FACADESM=1:1000 севернафасада јужнафасада источнафасада западнафасада Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-block/Numberofstories-P+6 C=A/V=0.7m2/m3 F=А/Pn=2.5m2/m2 R=X/Y=1:1.69 Buildingenvelopearea Netvolume Netareaofafloorplan FLOORRATIO BUILDINGCOMPACTNESS FORMFACTOR

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES

Passiveheatingandcooling,andventilation

Аlternativeenergy

Efficientfacade

Inadditiontotheverticalshades-brisolei,theplatethatprotrudesabovethe balconyhasthefunctionofahorizontalshadeanddistributionofdirectlightin theapartment.

Thelargewindowopeningshavetheroleofventilation,butalsoincreasethe heatinthewinterperiod.

SUSTAINABLEAPARTMENT

Onthesouthernfacade,photovoltaicpanels areattachedatananglethatenables alternativeenergy.

Ventilatedfacadeonthesouthandsoutheastfacade,in ordertoventilateandmaintainacomfortabletemperaturein winterandsummer.

Ineachoftheapartments,thesleepingareasandthe livingareaareexposedtonaturallightduringtheday, whiletheserviceroomsarelocatedinthedarkzone. Thesouthernfacadeisventilated,withlargewindow openingsforpassiveheatingandcoolingventilation.In addition,brisolésontheterracesareplacedtoreduce directlightfromthesoutheastandsouthwestsides.

Extendedplasterand interiorfinishingd=2cm

Hollowbrickd=20cm

Thermalinsulation(EPS) d=10cm

Airspacewith substructured=5cm

Facadeplatesd=2cm

U=0,311W/m2K

FacadewallonthesouthernfacadeМ=1:25

SouthelevationwithshadowsinDecember

FLOORPLANM=1:200

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-block/Numberofstories-P+6

LOCATION

ThelocationfromthesouthsidefacesGologanovBoulevard,while fromthewestsideitfacesRuzveltovastreet,twopowerfulroads throughwhichitconnectswiththeotherpartsofthecity.Thelocation representsaspacewheretherewasafactoryinthepast,andtoday thatspacehasadifferentpurpose.Thebuildingsinthelocationare placedinthiswayinordertoacquireinteriorspaceswithhighquality whichwillbesustainablefrommultipleaspects,butalsowillnotcause damagetothesurroundingbuildingswiththeirmassivesize.

65097m2 14962m2 1.84 23%

+7 H=32m A2 +7 A2 +7 +7 H=32m П H=32m A2 H=32m A2 +7 H=32m A2 +7 H=32m +7 H=32m +7 H=32m A2 H=32m A2 H=32m A2 H=32m A2 H=32m 1 1 ±0.00 11X3011X3012x15 12x15 -1.20 2 2 +32.40 +28.80 +25.20 +21.60 +18.00 +14.40 +10.80 +7.20 +3.60 ±0.00 -1.20 21.Dec.at12h 21.Juneat15h Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-Stand-alonebuilding/Numberofstories-P+7 Areaoftheplot Totalgrossbuiltarea Coefficientoflanduse Percentageofbuiltarea Urbanparameters SituationM=1:5000 shadows:21.Dec.at12hand21.Juneat15h latitude.41,998°N,longitude21,42°E Groundfloorplan М=1:500 Section М=1:500

LOCATION

11X3011X3012x15 12x15

65097m2 14962m2 1.84 23% Areaoftheplot Totalgrossbuiltarea Coefficientoflanduse Percentageofbuiltarea

Section

+3.60

+28.80 +25.20 +21.60 +18.00 +14.40 +10.80 +7.20 +3.60 ±0.00 -1.20 1 1 2 2 Axonometryshadows21.Dec.at12h

Urbanparameters SituationM=1:5000 shadows:21.Dec.at12hand21.Juneat15h latitude.41,998°N,longitude21,42°E Characteristicfloorplan М=1:500

М=1:500

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-Stand-alonebuilding/Numberofstories-P+7

SUNTOWER

SUNSHADES

HEATDEPOT

ORIENTATION

Thebuildingisplacedwithitstwolongersidesintheeast-west direction,inordertoprovidenaturallightingbutalsotoprovidepassive heatingoftheinteriorspaceinthewinterperiod,whilethenegative consequencesfromtheheatinginthesummerareannulledwiththe helpofadditionalsystemsforactiveandpassivecooling.

FORM

Thegenericvolumeofthebuildingistherectangular prismwhichisadditionallyshapedwithbalcony extensions,which,withtheirdepthpreventthedirect penetrationofsunraysinsideduringthesummer period.

SUNTOWER

Thesuntowerisplacedonthesouthsideofthe building,whereitenablesthepassiveheatinginthe winterperiodandpassivecoolingandheatstorage duringthesummerperiod.

SUNSHADES

Theverticalshadesareplacedontheeastandwest sideandtheyallowacontrolledintrusionofsunlight insidethroughtheirmovement.

A=6640.86m2 V=16251.64m3

Pn=796.64m2

EASTVIEW WESTVIEW NORTVIEW SOUTHVIEW N S E W

FORM

GENERICVOLUME RECTANGULARPRISM SHAPEDELEMENTS PROCEDUREOFADDITION WHOLE + ↓

CHARACTERISTICFLOORPLAN SUNTOWER SUNTOWER

Sunshades

Sunshades Possiblepositionsof rotation

HEATDEPOT Theheatdepotislocatedinthespacebetweenthe groundfloorandthefoundations,anditisderived fromrawstonewhichaccumulatestheheatbrought throughthepassivesystem,thesuntowerandthe otheractivesystems. Heatdepot 28.80 25.20 21.60 18.00 10.80 3.60 -1.20 SUNTOWER SUNSHADES PLANTS BALCONY EXTENSIONS VENTILATION OPENING SUNSHADES VENTILATION OPENING PLANTS 5080 1890 SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES FORMEFFICIENCY Buildingenvelopearea Netvolume Netareaofafloorplan FACADES ORIENTATION FLOORRATIO BUILDINGCOMPACTNESS FORMFACTOR Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-Stand-alonebuildinG/Numberofstories-P+7 C=A/V=0.41m2/m3 F=А/Pn=8.34m2/m2 R=X/Y=1:2.69 CHARACTERISTICFLOORPLAN BALCONY EXTENSIONS BALCONY EXTENSIONS

Gypsumplasterboard d=1.25сm U=0.307W/m2K

PASSIVETEMPERATUREREGULATION Theexcessofwarmairwillbeaccumulatedinthe ceilingandthefloor,andwillbechanneledoutside. NATURALSHADES NATURALSHADES Thedirectintrusionofsunraysisadditionally preventedbythevegetationthatdevelopsalongthe perimeterofthebuilding.Thevegetationfurther increasesthequalityoftheinteriorspace.

VENTILATIONOPENINGS Passiveventilationoftheinteriorspace,withthehelp ofopenings. Ventilationopeningfor channelingoutsidethe excessheatfromtheinside Ventilationchannelfor directchannelingofthe heatedair UseofPCMmaterialsinthe ceilingandthefloor Containerwithplants +3.60 Ventilationopenings Ventilationopenings 2 2 SUNTOWER CONTAINERWITH PLANTS SUNSHADES TROMBEWALL VENTILATIONOPENINGS CONTAINERWITH PLANTS SUNSHADES SUNSHADES CHANNELSFOR VENTILATION CEILINGDERIVEDFROM PCMMATERIALS PROCESSINGTHEFLOOR FROMPCMMATERIALS Blockofporobeton d=20cm Polysterene d=10cm Thermoplaster d=2cm Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-Stand-alonebuildinG/Numberofstories-P+7 SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES SectionM=1:275 FloorplanM=1:275 FacadewallM=1:200 FacadeM=1:200 SUSTAINABLEAPARTMENT VENTILATIONOPENINGS Containerwithplants CHANNELSFOR VENTILATION PROCESSINGTHEFLOOR FROMPCMMATERIALS

PASSIVETEMPERATUREREGULATION

VENTILATIONOPENING

LOCATION

+7 H=32m A2 +7 A2 +7 +7 H=32m П H=32m A2 H=32m A2 +7 H=32m A2 +7 H=32m +7 H=32m +7 H=32m A2 H=32m A2 H=32m A2 H=32m A2 H=32m ±0.00 11X3011X3012x15 12x15 3 3 11X3011X3012x15 12x15 3 3 +32.40

65097m2 14962m2 1.84 23% +3.60 21.Dec.at12h 21.Juneat15h Areaoftheplot Totalgrossbuiltarea Coefficientoflanduse Percentageofbuiltarea Urbanparameters SituationM=1:5000 shadows:21.Dec.at12hand21.Juneat15h latitude.41,998°N,longitude21,42°E Groundfloorplan М=1:500 Section М=1:500

+28.80 +25.20 +21.60 +18.00 +14.40 +10.80 +7.20 +3.60 ±0.00 -1.20

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-Stand-alonebuilding/Numberofstories-P+7

RENDERS C=A/V=0.58m2/m3 F=А/Pn=11.8m2/m2 R=X/Y=1:4.80 A=4880.04m2 V=8405m3 Pn=412.01m2 5080 1057.5 FORMEFFICIENCY Buildingenvelopearea Netvolume Netareaofafloorplan FACADES FLOORRATIO BUILDINGCOMPACTNESS FORMFACTOR Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-Stand-alonebuildinG/Numberofstories-P+7 EASTVIEW WESTVIEW NORTVIEW SOUTHVIEW

Characteristicfloorplan М=1:600

Section М=1:600

SituationM=1:5000

shadows:21.Dec.at12hand21.Juneat15h latitude.41,998°N,longitude21,42°E

Urbanparameters

Areaoftheplot

Totalgrossbuiltarea

Percentageofbuiltarea

Coefficientoflanduse

Location

Thesiteislocatedinthecenterofthecity,theTrescafactorywas locatedhere,whichisnotinoperationtoday,ithasaccessfromfour sides.Byplacingthebuildingsverticallyandhorizontally,i.e.parallel tothestreets,noisefromthemisprevented,andstrongwindsinthe coreofthesitearealsoprevented.

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-(stand-alonebuilding.)/Numberofstories-P+3

П+1 улицамитрополиттеодосијгологанов улицавладимирполежиновски улица христо смирненски улица френклин рузвелт П+3 П+3 П+1 П+3 П+3 П+3 П+3 П+3 П+3 П+3 П+3 П+3 П+1 П+1 П+1 П+1 П+1 П+1 65097m2 28000m2 1.524 43% 22june11h 22hune13h 21dec.11h

21dec13h +3.60 +6.66 +9.27 +12.78 ±0.00 17.6

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-(stand-alonebuilding.)/Numberofstories-P+3

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES

Orientation

Thefacilityispositionedsothatitstwolongsidesareorientedtothe southeastandsouthwest,thetwoshortersidesareorientednorthand south,thisplacementandorientationoftheobjectresultsofthe buildingtype.

FORMEFFICIENCY

Buildingenvelopearea Netvolume Netareaofafloorplan FACADES

Form

Asegmentisprojectedthatismultiplied,sothatarectangularshape isobtained,alonglamellathathascentralcutsinthemiddlefor lightingthecentralcorridors.Residentialunitsarebeingdevelopedto theleftandrightofthecorridor.

ZONING

Sunspace

Thesunisakeyfactorforthepassiveheatingoftheobject,sothere aresunnyspacesaccordingtotheplacementonthesoutheast, southwestandsouthfacade.Thosefacadeshavethelargestnumber ofopenings,whilethenorthernonehastheleastnumberofopenings.

17.6 94

ORIENTATION FORM SUNSPACE FLOORRATIO BUILDINGCOMPACTNESS FORMFACTOR

V A A

C=A/V=1.13m2/m3 F=А/Pn=3.5m2/m2 R=X/Y=1:5.34

mainrooms utilityrooms console console-controlofthesun inthesummerperiods big glazed surfaces

Zoning

Themostusedroomssuchaslivingroom,bedrooms areplacedonthesouth-eastandsouth-westsides,sothatmaximum absorptionofheatandlightingisensured.Theroomsthatrequireminimal heating/lighting,bathrooms,toilets,utilityrooms,areplacedinthemiddleof thebuilding.

solarpanels plants recycled polycarbonatepanels glassfences woodenblinds

centralcorridor trombewall

A=6792m2 V=6.013m3 Pn=1965m2

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES

PASSIVEHEATING

INDIRECTGAINSYSTEM,NATURALVENTILATION,SHADING

absorbers

Passiveheating

console1.5m

distribution

summer winter termalmass

The1.5mconsolecontrolsthedegreeofheating onthefacadeinsummer,whileinwinterthefacadeisheated maximumbecausethesunislower.Byheating theglasssurfacestransferheattotheinteriorspace.Thefloor andwallsareabsorbers.

SUSTAINABLEAPARTMENT

console-controlofthesun inthesummerperiods big glazed surfaces

window curtainswhich prevent thethermal lossduring ofthenight

coldair masсivewall recycled polycarbonate panels

warmair

thermal isolation

air wooden shutters withhigh reflectivity

WINTER SUMMER

Theindirectgainsystemismadewithaso-calledtrombewall,amassivewall ofconcrete,brickorstonewiththermalinsulation.Itisusuallymadewithglass panels,butinordertosaveanduserecycledmaterials,thissystemismade withrecycledpolycarbonatepanelswithadarkshadeandamattesurface,in ordernottoreflectthelight,buttoabsorbitasmuchaspossible.

trombewall floor warmingup throughsolar panels zoningthe utilityroomsinthe backofthe apartment

wooden shutters withhigh reflectivity solarpanels

absorbers thermalmass

recycled polycarbonate panelsd=3см

mortard=2см ceramichollowbrick d=11см

aird=5см

aird=2.5см

EPSd=4см ceramichollowbrick d=15см

mortard=2см

U=0.46W/m2K inside

SOLARWATERHEATINGSYSTEM solarpanels tank floor heating

Withthissystemofindirectgain,passiveheatingandcoolingoftheinteriorspace isenabled,italsoenablesnaturalventilation. Woodenblindswithhighreflectivityareplacedasshades. Useofsolarpanelsinordertomaximizetheuseofsunlight.Installationof underfloorheatingthatworksthroughsolarpanels.

GLAZING

Glazing

Therearesmalleropeningsonthenorthernfacade,whileon therestareprojectedlargeopeningswithglazing surfacesformaximumsolarabsorption light.

Facade

plants tank Section Floorplan FacadewallM=1:200

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-(stand-alonebuilding.)/Numberofstories-P+3

65097m2 103.680m2 1.59 13.27%

2 1 +33.0+5.00 2 1 +5.00+33.0 15 48 ±0.00 +4.60 +8.20 +11.80 +15.40 +19.00 +22.60 +29.80

+40.60 +44.20 +26.20

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-stand-alonebuilding/Numberofstories-P+11 SituationM=1:5000 Characteristicfloorplan М=1:500 Section М=1:500 Areaoftheplot Totalgrossbuiltarea Coefficientoflanduse Percentageofbuiltarea Urbanparameters shadows:21.Dec.at12hand21.Juneat15h latitude.41,998°N,longitude21,42°E улицамитрополиттеодосијгологанов улица христо смирненски ГГП РЛГГП ГГП

Location:FactoryTreska -ThelocationextendswestofthecityofSkopjeinthevicinityof residentialareaswithinthemunicipalityofKarposh. Theplacementofthefacilitiesissuchthatitfollowsacertainurban continuityandatthesametimedoesnotinterferewiththeexisting facilitiesoutsidetheboundariesofthelocation.

+37.00

+33.40

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES

FORMEFFICIENCY

BLOCKINGDIRECTSUNLIGHT

P C=A/V=0.175m2/m3 F=А/Pn=0.6m2/m2 R=X/Y=1:1.46 V A A=5569.2m2 V=31824m3 Pn=720m2 ORIENTATION FORM

SUNSPACE 48 15 A facadevegetaion 45° simplerectangularform sunspaces-apartmentsonwestandeast improvedinsulationwithterracesrichin vegetationextendingalongtheentirefacade line -avoidingdirectsunlight avoidingnorth-southorientationofthe apartments Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-stand-alonebuilding/Numberofstories-P+11

BUILDINGCOMPACTNESS FORMFACTOR structuralventilatedfacadewithBIPV passivesolarheatingbyindirectsolargains

FACADES Buildingenvelopearea Netvolume Netareaofafloorplan C=A/V=0.7m2/m3 /Pn=2.5m2/m2 FLOORRATIO

PASSIVEHEATING PASSIVECOOLING DIRECTHEATING

FACADEOPENINGS

heatingoftheinteriorspacewith helpofsolarheat assivecoolingwiththehelpof thewindowopeningsonthefacadewalls

directheatingwithsolarpanels

glazingofthefacadewallsforsufficient lightingoftheinteriorspace-bedroomand livingroom

partialglazingontheshortersidestolightthe corridorwiththestairwell

Gypsumplasterд=0.2см

Internalinsulationд=5см

Ceramicblockд=20см

Externalinsulationд=10см

Facadeplasterд=0.2см U=0.23W/m2K

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-stand-alonebuilding/Numberofstories-P+11 SectionM=1:200 FloorplanM=1:200 FacadewallM=1:200 FacadeM=1:200 SUSTAINABLEAPARTMENT

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-(block,tower,rowhouse,stand-alonebuilding.)/Numberofstories-P+..... SituationM=1:5000

Areaoftheplot Totalgrossbuiltarea Coefficientoflanduse Percentageofbuiltarea Urbanparameters

shadows:21.Dec.at12hand21.Juneat15h latitude.41,998°N,longitude21,42°E 59.74 +59.74 улицамитрополиттеодосијгологанов улицавладимирполежиновски улица христо смирненски улица френклин рузвелт РЛГГП РЛ

1800

Characteristicfloorplan М=1:(250)500 Section М=1:500

Location Thelocationislocatedinthecentralcityarea,wherethereishigher buildingdensity.Itisfreefromallsidesandoffersthepossibilityof goodorientationoftheobjects.Itscontentinthepastdidnotconsist ofresidentialbuildings.

100.80

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES Y = 13 m X=22m A P FORMEFFICIENCY Buildingenvelopearea V A Netvolume Netareaofafloorplan FACADES FLOORRATIO BUILDINGCOMPACTNESS FORMFACTOR Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-(block,tower,rowhouse,stand-alonebuilding.)/Numberofstories-P+..... СООДНОСНАОСНОВАТА C=A/V=0.695m2/m3 F=А/Pn=47.7m2/m2 R=X/Y=5.33 A=73580.4m2 V=105852.1m3 Pn=1542m2 Ориентација поголемделодобјектоториентиран конистокизапад,зада имаминималнислучувањакон севернатастрана. правоаголенволумен,мултиплициранпо висинаирасчленетсоотворитезатерасикои севдлабнатиконвнатрешностанаѕидотзада непробивадирекнасветлина. ОРИЕНТАЦИЈА ФОРМА Објектитесепоставениво растојаниезаданеимправатзасеувања еденнадруг. поголемипрозорскиотворизапродирнаповеќе светлоснизраци,икористенисе LifestyleSeriesWindows коисепознатизанивнитеенергетско заштедниствојства. СОНЧЕВПРОСТОР Сончевпросторконјужнатастрана Можностзакористењеоддневната Сеупотребувавозимскиотпериодза загревањенавнатрешноста. Волетниотепредвиденоразладувањесо....

поголемипрозорскиотворизапродирнаповеќе светлоснизраци,икористенисе LifestyleSeriesWindows коисепознатизанивнитеенергетско

SectionM=1:200 FloorplanM=1:200 FacadewallM=1:200 FacadeM=1:200 SUSTAINABLEAPARTMENT ОДРЖЛИВИПРОЕКТАНТСКИСТРАТЕГИИ Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-(block,tower,rowhouse,stand-alonebuilding.)/Numberofstories-P+..... facing2,5сm hydrowindproofmembrane 1cm metalbatten airgap5cm insulation8cm block20cm Ориентација поголемделодобјектоториентиран конистокизапад,зада имаминималнислучувањакон севернатастрана. правоаголенволумен,мултиплициранпо висинаирасчленетсоотворитезатерасикои

севдлабнатиконвнатрешностанаѕидотзада непробивадирекнасветлина. Објектитесепоставениво растојаниезаданеимправатзасеувања еденнадруг.

заштедниствојства. Сончевпросторконјужнатастрана Можностзакористењеоддневната Сеупотребувавозимскиотпериодза загревањенавнатрешноста. Волетниотепредвиденоразладувањесо.... U=0.2W/m2K

Location

-Theplacementoftheobjectsresultedfromthegivenconditionsof thelocation,i.e.accordingtotheconditionsfornaturallightingasa conclusionoftheanalyzesmade.

BuildingswithstoreyP+6aregallery-style,withapartmentsoriented tothesouthandsoutheast,whilebuildingswithstoreyP+4are orientedonbothsides,tothewestandeast,andareplacedata sufficientdistanceforlightingandventilation.

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-(block,tower,rowhouse,stand-alonebuilding.)/Numberofstories-P+4

SituationM=1:5000 Characteristicfloorplan М=1:500 Section М=1:500 Areaoftheplot Totalgrossbuiltarea Coefficientoflanduse Percentageofbuiltarea Urbanparameters

latitude.41,998°N,longitude21,42°E улицамитрополиттеодосијгологанов улицавладимирполежиновски улица христо смирненски улица френклин рузвелт РЛГГП ГГП ГГП РЛГГП ГГП A A A A Б Б B B B B ± 54 21 улицамитрополиттеодосијгологанов улицавладимирполежиновски улица улица френклин рузвелт LEGEND -orientationof apartments улицамитрополиттеодосијгологанов улицавладимирполежиновски улица френклин рузвелт Asolarshadowstudyforaperiodin: П+Н=.2м П+Н=.2м П+Н=.2м П+.2м П+Н=.2м LEGEND -afacilitywithlevels -afacilitywithlevels -orientationof apartments 21June 11-13ч 21December11ч azimuth 21December13ч azimuth 21June,11ч azimuth 21June,13ч azimuth ч ч 21December 11-13ч ч ч 65097m 81635.3m 1,25 21.15%

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES

ThebuildingwithP+4floorsisdesignedwithacentralcorridorsystem, andtwo-sidedorientedapartments,facingwestandeast.Becauseofthe favorableorientation,noneedforadditionalverticalshaders.

FORMEFFICIENCY

Buildingenvelopearea

Thebuildingintheformofalinearblockiscomplementedbyprotrudingbalconies, which,duetotheirposition,haveorientationtowardstheeasternandwestern sides,whilephotovoltaicpanelsareadditionallyplacedonthesouthernfacade.

Thesiteusesnaturalshadethatcomesfromtallrowsoftrees, placedontheeastandsouthsidesofthebuilding,whichappears duringacertainpartoftheday.

Y = 21 m X=54m R=X/Y=2.57

V A A=4915m2 V=14344m3 Pn=880m2

C=A/V=0.7m2/m3 F=А/Pn=2.5m2/m2

ventilated(southern)facadewith attachedphotovoltaicpanels

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-(block,tower,rowhouse,stand-alonebuilding.)/Numberofstories-P+4

Netvolume Netareaofafloorplan FACADES ORIENTATION FORM SUNSPACE FLOORRATIO BUILDINGCOMPACTNESS FORMFACTOR

southfacade westfacade

passivesolarheating P A eastfacade northfacade M=1:1000

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES

Passiveheatingandcooling,andventilation

Alternativeenergy Efficientfacade

Thelargewindowopeningshavetheroleofventilation,but alsoincreasetheheatinthewinterperiod.Theplatethatis issuedhasthefunctionofahorizontalshadeanddistribution ofdirectlightintheapartment

SUSTAINABLEAPARTMENT

Onthesouthernfacade,photovoltaic panelsareattachedatananglethat enablesalternativeenergy.

Ventilatedfacadeonthesouthandsoutheast facade,inordertoventilateandmaintaina comfortabletemperatureinwinterandsummer.

Ineachoftheapartments,thesleepingareasandtheliving areaareexposedtonaturallightduringtheday,whilethe serviceroomsarelocatedinthedarkzone. Theeastandwestfacadesareventilated,withlargewindow openingsforventilation,passiveheatingandcooling.

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-(block,tower,rowhouse,stand-alonebuilding.)/Numberofstories-P+4

FloorplanM=1:200 ViewfromthesouthwithshadowsinDecember N FacadewallofthesouthernfacadeM=1:25 U=0,311W/m2K Extendedmortard=2cm +internalprocessing Hollowbrickd=20cm Thermalinsulation(EPS) d=10cm Facadeplatesd=2cm Airspacewith substructured=5cm

ThelocationoftheformerTrescafactoryislocatedinthecitycenter. Thereare8freestandingbuildingsonthislocation,fourofwhichhave 17floorsandtheresthave20floors.Theobjectsareseparatedfrom eachotherbygreenareasandtheyareisolatedfromtheenvironment byagreeneryonall4sides.

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-stand-alonebuilding/Numberofstories-P+16

Section

65097m2 Totalgrossbuiltarea Coefficientoflanduse Percentageofbuiltarea Urbanparameters Location

SituationM=1:5000 Characteristicfloorplan М=1:250

М=1:500 Areaoftheplot

улицамитрополиттеодосијгологанов улицавладимирполежиновски улица христо смирненски улица френклин рузвелт РЛГГП РЛГГП ГГП РЛ ГГП РЛ = ГГП Illustrationsofshadowsindecember Illustrationsofshadowsinjune 104336m2 0.62 0.01% +52.20 00.00 66.5 14.5 52.2

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES

ОRIENTATION

SUNSPACE

GREENERY

SOLARENERGY

FACADEANDCONSTRUCTION

Allbuildingsareoriented tothesouthwiththe residentialpart,while communicationsand corridorsareorientedto thenorth.

FORMEFFICIENCY

Buildingenvelopearea Netvolume

Netareaofafloorplan

Agreenbeltortreelinehasbeenaddedtothe perimeterofthesiteonall4sidestoreducenoiseand increaseprivacy. Whileinthelocationitself,smallgreenparkshave beenplacedbetweenthebuildingstomoderatethe temperatureinthesummerdays

Utilizationofsolarenergy usingsolarpanels,venetian blindsandsolarfences.

Passiveheatingbyusing ofsolarenergyinthewinter period,duetothesouthernorientation onthepremises. Whilethecoolinginthesummer periodiswithanevaporationcoolingsystem

Forbetterinsulationandenergybenefit,thefacadeismadeof cross-laminatedtimber(CLT)andtheconstructionismadeof glue-laminatedtimber(GLT)

Passiveheatinginthe roomsbecauseoftheir southorientation

Savingenergywithhelp onthewoodenfacade

FACADES

М=1:750

FLOORRATIO BUILDINGCOMPACTNESS FORMFACTOR Southfacade Northfacade Westfacade

митрополиттеодосиј

Solarpanels Solarrailings Photovoltaicvenetiansblinds

CLT GLT

Соларностаклонаоградите Horizontalphotovoltaic venetiansblinds

Eastfacade A=13042m2 V=38929m3 Pn=708m2 14.5 66.5

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-stand-alonebuilding/Numberofstories-P+16

Solarpanels C=A/V=0.33m2/m3 F=/Pn=18,4m2/m2 R=X/Y=1:4,5

SectionM=1:200 FloorplanM=1:200 FacadewallM=1:200 FacadeM=1:200 SUSTAINABLEAPARTMENT SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES Theshadingisdonewithvenetianblinds blindsandwithbalconyinthelivingroom. SHADING Rainwaterthatiscollectedinanundergroundtank itcanbeusedintoiletsandforirrigation. UTILIZATIONOFRAINWATER RENDERS LEDlightbulbs Energy-efficient appliances Faucetaerators Evaporationcoolingsystem Useofrainwaterinthetoilet Ecologicalpaints onthewalls Minigardesonthebalcony Gypscardboardd=1см Thermosoundinsulationd=5см OSBd=1,8см Mineralwoold=2,5см CLTpanelsd=2см OSBd=1,8см Mineralwoold=2,5см Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-stand-alonebuilding/Numberofstories-P+16

улицамитрополиттеодосијгологанов улица христо смирненски улица френклин рузвелт РЛ ГГП РЛ РЛГГП ГГП Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-tower/Numberofstories-P+20

65097m2 Totalgrossbuiltarea Coefficientoflanduse Percentageofbuiltarea

96721m2 1,48 8,10% +3.6 1 1 +64.80

SituationM=1:5000 Characteristicfloorplan М=1:1000 Section1-1 М=1:1000 Areaoftheplot

Urbanparameters Location ThespatioussituationislocatedinthecityofSkopje,onwhichare placedtwobuildings-atowerwith20storiesandastand-alone buildingwith17stories.Theyaresituatedonthesouthandnorth sidesofthelocationinordertoformacollectivegreenurbanspace fortheresidents. shadows:21.Dec.at12hand21.Juneat15h latitude.41,998°N,longitude21,42°E

ORIENTATION FORM

VENTILATEDFACADE/MATERIALS

Thepriorityoftheorientationofthetoweristo usethemaximumcapacityofsunlightcoming fromthesouth.Withthatgoal,oneofthe building'swingsisrotatedby30°degreesachievingsouth-easternorientationwhichis quitefavourableinacitylikeSkopje.

FORMEFFICIENCY

Buildingenvelopearea Netvolume Netareaofafloorplan

A=19950.6m2 V=136846.9m3 Pn=2258.2m2

Theshapeofthebuildingisformedwith twowings(tworectangles)whichthen dissecttotwosmallerrectangles,in ordertothenformacentralcorridor whichenablesmoreapartments.

Theventilatedfacadefacilitatesmovementoftheairintheairspaceofthewall.Insummerthewarmairisreleasedbyitmovingup,whileinwinter,theairspacebalancesoutthe temperature,loweringtheriskofmold.Furthermore,someofthematerialsusedinthefacadearefoamconcreteblockswithmyceliumandslanderglassfibreconcretepanels coveredwithsolarpaint.Myceliumisafungiwiththinroot-likefibreswhichgrowunderground,andwhenit'sdryitcanbeusedasasuperfirmbuildingmaterialthat'sresistantto water,moldandfire.Itcanbegrowninspecificways,makingiteasilyaccessible.Theconcretepanelslastforalongtimeandareoneofthefirmestmaterialsforcladding,while alsobeingfireproof.Thesolarpaintthat'scoveringthemabsorbstheairhumidity,tothenusethesolarenergytoseparatehydrogenfromoxygen,soitcanbeusedtogetelectricity.

C=A/V=0.14m2/m3 F=А/Pn=8.83m2/m2 R=X/Y=1:1.52

FACADES

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-tower/Numberofstories-P+20 ЈУГ ИСТОК СЕВЕР ЗАПАД SOUTH EAST NORTH WEST P V A

FLOORRATIO BUILDINGCOMPACTNESS FORMFACTOR

X=99 Y=65

120°

BRISESOLEIL SUNSPACE GREENROOF VENTILATEDFACADE/

rain condensation wall-absorbsheat ventilation absorption paintthattransformssolarenergyintoelectrical energy foamconcretewithmycelium slanderglassfibreconcrete panels

CONCRETEPANELS SOLARPAINT

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES

SUNSPACE GLAZING

THERMALMASS

outdoor indoor double glazing

winter

summer

Everyapartmentislightthroughabalcony, whichisusedasasunspaceinorderto usethepassiveheatingandcoolingasa sustainablemethod.Theslabsareusedas eaves,whilethewallsseparatingeach apartmentareusedasverticalbrisesoleil.

SUSTAINABLEAPARTMENT

Thedoubleglazingofthewindowsallowsfor betterenergyefficiency.Theouterglasslayer reflectstheoutdoorheat,whiletheindoorlayer hastheabilityforlowemission-keepingthe indoorheat,indoor.

Thermalmassistheabilityofamaterialtoabsorb,keepandreleaseheat,andwithit,thevariabilityof theindoortemperatureislower.Inwinter,thethermalmassabsorbstheheatduringtheday,andin thenightitslowlygetsreleased.Insummerthethermalmassisusedtokeepthehomecool.Withthe shadingofthebalconies,themassabsorbstheinternalheat,andtheninthenightitcanbereleased withthehelpofthecoolairflowfromthewindows.

GREENROOF

Thegreenrooflowerstheneedofairconditioning,andprovidesisolationinwinter. Thewinterisolationwilldependonthelevelofhumidityineachlayeroftheroof. Thus,greenroofslowerstheneedforelectricityaswell,itprolongsthelifeofthe roof,itactsasatamponfortherainwaterdrainage,itpreventsfloods,itprovides lowertemperaturefortheenvironment,aswellashelpingitsbiodiversity.

Thermomortarandpaint d=0,1сm

Foamconcretewithmycelium d=20сm

Stonewoolinsulation d=8сm

Unventilatedhorizontalair layerwithupwardheatflow d=2сm

Gypsumcardboard d=1,25сm

Slanderglassfibreconcrete panelscoveredinsolarpaint d=3сm

U=0,341W/m2K

SectionM=1:200 FloorplanM=1:200 FacadewallM=1:100 Facade

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-tower/Numberofstories-P+20

summer winter section floorplan(brisesoleil)

улицамитрополиттеодосијгологанов улицавладимирполежиновски улица христо смирненски улица френклин рузвелт РЛГГП РЛ ГГП Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-block/Numberofstories-P+7 SituationM=1:5000 Characteristicfloorplan М=1:500 Section М=1:500 Areaoftheplot 65097m2 Totalgrossbuiltarea Coefficientoflanduse Percentageofbuiltarea Urbanparameters Location

latitude

85752m2 5 26.35% shadows:21.Dec.at12hand21.Juneat15h 1 1 А2 П+7 H=27.40m А2 П+5 H=20.60m 5505 ±0.00 -2.60 +3.40 +6.80 +10.20 +13.60 +20.60 +24.00 +27.40 Humanviewsouth Humanviewnorth 50 535 50 535 50 535 50 535 50 535 50 535 50 535 50 535 50 535 50 180 20 600 20 780 20 780 20 1560 20 780 20 665 1830 50 590 50 250 50 590 50 20 780 15 475 15 530 20 Bird'seyeviewnorthwest

FormerfactoryTreskaisanatractivelocationwhichisonly2km awayfromtheheartofSkopje.Thepositionofthebuldingblocks withstoriesP+5atthelengthatthestreetF.Ruzveltand H.Smirnenskiarelikeforloweringthebeechfromthefrequent streetsandformirnginnercourtyardsinthemiddleoftheplot. shadows:21.Dec.at12hand21.Juneat15h

.41,998°N,longitude21,42°E

SUNSPACE Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-(block,tower,rowhouse,stand-alonebuilding.)/Numberofstories-P+.....

Brisolei

Intermsoforientation,thecorridorsaredivided into2types,thegallerytypethatispresentin theverticalblocksandthelateraltypethatis presentinthehorizontalblockssothatthe apartmentsareorientedtothesouth.

DESCRIPTION:

Brisoleiareusedtoshadethelight,they areplacedonthesouthandwestsideof theblocks.

Duetothepresenceofundergroundwater inthelocation,smallartificiallakesareformedinthe innercourtyardsoftheplot,which,inadditiontothe undergrounditcollentsrainwater,thecollectedwater thenfollowsaprocessoffiltrationandthatwater storesincollectorswhicharelocatedat-1level.

A=4400m2 V=5520m3 Pn=1010m2 C=A/V=0.7m2/m3 С=4400 5520=0.797m2/m3 F=А/Pn=2.5m2/m2 F=4400 1010

=4.35m2/m2

brisolei glassfence

splarpanels

EFFICIENCY

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES FORM

Buildingenvelopearea Netvolume Netareaofafloorplan FACADES ORIENTATION FORM

Thebuildingwithitseastsouthandwestsides areexposedtothesunlight.Withthatduringthe winterperioditheatstheapartmentsonthose sidesandwiththevegetationandbrisoleiit coolesduringthesummertime. FLOOR RATIO BUILDINGCOMPACTNESS FORM FACTOR

R=X/Y=1:3 Y=18.30 m X=55.20m A P V A

Theprocessofformingtheblocksisstarted bystackingsquaremoduleswith dimensionsof18/18mandbystackingthe squares,rectanglesareformedwhichare placedlengthwiseparalleltothestreets.

FacadesM=1:2500 Southview Westview Eastview Northview

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES

Solarpanels

Vegetation

Duetothelocationofthebuildingand theavailabilityof280sunnydays,solar panelsareplacedontherooftocollect solarenergy.

Vegetationonthebalconiesiisplacedtherebecauseof thebenefitsofcleaningtheair,reducingtemperature differences.Deciduoustreeshavebeenplacedalongthe lengthofthestreetstoprovideprotectionandshadeduring thesummerperiodandtoprovidedirectlightflowduring thewinterperiod.

SectionM=1:200 FloorplanM=1:200 FacadewallM=1:200 FacadeM=1:200 U=0.0412W/m2K SUSTAINABLEAPARTMENT Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-(block,tower,rowhouse,stand-alonebuilding.)/Numberofstories-P+.....

Polycolor

Plaster

YTONGblock

Facadestyrofoam d=5см Acrylicfinishingplaster

Glueforstyrofoam d=2см

d=0.1см

d=0.5см

d=25см

d=0.5см

Characteristicfloorplan М=1:250 Section М=1:500

SituationM=1:5000

shadows:21.Dec.at12hand21.Juneat15h latitude.41,998°N,longitude21,42°E

Areaoftheplot

Totalgrossbuiltarea Coefficientoflanduse Percentageofbuiltarea

Urbanparameters Location

-TheprojectislocatedinthecentralareaofSkopje,ontheplaceof theformer"Treska"factory.Aroundthesitethereisarelatively densefabricofexistingbuildings,whichistakeninconsiderationas nottocauseovershadowingbythenewlyconstructedbuildings. Furthermore,theyareplacedatadistanceinorderforsunlighttogo througheachoneofthem,aswellastoenableuninterruptedairflow.

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-tower/Numberofstories-P+16 BojanaStankovska7972

улицамитрополиттеодосијгологанов улицавладимирполежиновски улица христо смирненски улица френклин рузвелт РЛГГП РЛ 38.5 11 52.86 +52.86 ±0.00 65097m2 80635m2 1.24 10% Perspective ShadowsinJune

ShadowsinDecember

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES

Thebuildingsarealternatelyrotatedfor30°, whichenablessoutheast,orsouthwest, orientationofthelivingspaces.Thenorthis forcommunicationservices.

FORMEFFICIENCY

Buildingenvelopearea

Netvolume

Netareaofafloorplan

Situatedatanappropriatedistance,despite notbeingovershadowedbyoneanother, thereisalsoacontiniousairflow,which contributestothequalityoflivingwitha naturalventilationposiibility.

Implementationofastormwatermanagement system,wherethewaterisbeingstoredin underground reservoirs, and then administeredtothebuilding,whereitcanbe usedastechnicalwaterinthetoilets,orto irrigatethegreenroofduringdryperiods.

ORIENTATION POSITION HVAC STORMWATERMANAGEMENT FLOORRATIO

Usingenergy-efficientelectricity,plumbing andventilationsystems(HVAC),inorderto minimizethecarbonfootprintofthebuilding.

URBANGARDEN

V Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-tower/Numberofstories-P+16 BojanaStankovska7972

FACADES

A=6214.45m2 V=21275.65m3 Pn=421.3m2 A Greenroof Solarpanels Mobilescreens Urbangarden

P C=A/V=0.29m2/m3 F=/Pn=14.75m2/m2 R=X/Y=1:2.56 Fixedscreens Solarpanels

BUILDINGCOMPACTNESS FORMFACTOR S SE SW

Urbangardensplayanimportantrolein increasingthequalityofliving,raisingthe awarenessoftheinhabitantsoftheircarbon footprintingeeral,while,simultaniously, contributingtocreatingapleasant microclimatearoundthebuilding. Y = 15 m X=38.5m

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES

Solarpanelsareplacedonthepartsofthefacades thatareexposedtodirectsunlight,usingthesun energytothemaximumandatthesametime, contributingtothecost-effectivnessofthebuilding, aswellasthebuilding'ssustainability.

Shadesareplacedtocontrolthesunrays,aswell asheatintheapartments.Themanagmentofthe shadesisflexible,giventhepossibilityoftheir movementaccordingtotheweatherandthe individualneedsofeveryhousehold.

Thegreenroofiscontributingtoabetterinsulation oftheroof,thoughdecreasingthetemperature whichpotentiallydevelopsontheroofsurface.Itis alsoabenefitwhenitcomestomanagingwith rainwater,aswellasimprovingtheairquality. Drywallpanel;thickness

SectionM=1:200

FacadewallM=1:200 FacadeM=1:200

FloorplanM=1:200

SUSTAINABLEAPARTMENT

Renewableenergy Shades Greenroof

=1.25см

=25см

=10см

см

2K Perspective Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-tower/Numberofstories-P+16 BojanaStankovska7972

Concreteblocks;thickness

Polystirenpanels;thickness

SiliconfacadeplasterKnaufKati;thickness=0.5

U=0.295W/m

Thelocationisonthelandoftheformer"Treska"furniturefactory, whichtodayaboundswithalotofgreeneryandrepresentsan excellentplaceforcreatingurbangreenery,thereforethisconceptis reducedtofree-standingbuildingsthatformparksbetweenthem. solarheat,thusreducingthedependenceonventilationandair conditioningsystems.

улицамитрополиттеодосијгологанов улицавладимирполежиновски улица христо смирненски улица френклин рузвелт РЛГГП РЛ РЛ РЛГГП ГГП CHARACTERISTICFLOORPLAN М=1:500 SECTION М=1:500 65097m2 101760m2 15.4 43.5% Location

+19.00 П+7 П+7 П+7 П+7 П+7 П+7 П+7 П+7 П+7 П+7 П+7 П+5 П+5 П+5 П+5 П+5 П+5 П+5 П+5 П+5 П+5 П+5 П+5 1 1 SituationM=1:5000 Areaoftheplot Totalgrossbuiltarea Coefficientoflanduse Percentageofbuiltarea Urbanparameters shadows:21.Dec.at12hand21.Juneat15h latitude.41,998°N,longitude21,42°E Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-Gallery/Numberofstories-P+5

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES

ORIENTATION FORM

SUNSPACE

AIRSPACE

GLAZING

Southorientationofallrooms,which allowsdirectuseofsolarenergyinthe winterperiodforheating.

Despitethehighformfactor,thebuilding's galleryapproachrepresentsalayerof insulationonthenorthside,betweenthe exteriorandtheresidentialpart.

Sunnyareatowardsthesouthside,withthe placementoflargerportals. Itisusedinthewinterperiodfor interiorheating.

VentilatedfacadeswithTrespaMeteon allowheatingandcoolingoftheairthat passesthroughtheemptyspace,andthus heatingandcoolingoftheinteriorrooms.

Solarcontrolglazing,designedtoreducesolar heatgain,thusreducingdependenceon ventilationandairconditioningsystems.

ELEVATIONS

A=2962.78m2 V=7669.87m3 Pn=357.25m2

R=X/Y=1:3.93

C=A/V=0.4m2/m3 F=А/Pn=8.3m2/m2

EASTELEVATION NORTHELEVATION SOUTHELEVATION WESTELEVATION PROTECTION MEMBRANE

BIOSOLARPANELS SOLARCONTROLGLAZING BIOPHILICDESIGN VENTILATEDFACADEWITH TRESPAMETEON SOUTHORIENTEDROOMS Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-Gallery/Numberofstories-P+5 FORMEFFICIENCY Buildingenvelopearea Netvolume Netareaofafloorplan FLOORRATIO BUILDINGCOMPACTNESS FORMFACTOR

GREENROOFWITH

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES

HVAC

GREENROOF

BIOSOLARPANELS

Heatpumpstogetherwithfancoilersfor heatingandcoolingandhotsanitary water,withaseparateunitand thermostatforeachresidentialunit.

Increasingthequalityofairinthe environment,reducingthechancesof oversaturationofthepublicirrigation systemandfloods,soundandthermal insulation.

Themaximumuseoftheroofplate,inaddition togreening,obtainingdirectuseofsolar energy,andsimultaneouslyheatingsanitary water.

Usingheatpumpsforheatingandcooling.Thereisno needtospendadditionalmaterialsforexternal shadingofthewindows,duetotheuseofPlaniterm glass,ventilatedfacade,biophilicterraces,wherewith openexternaldoors(ontheterrace),theairisfresh, moistandcleanandthereisnoneedforadditional purifiersforair.

SectionM=1:200 FloorplanM=1:200 FacadewallM=1:200 ElevationM=1:200 U=0.48W/m2K

SUSTAINABLEAPARTMENT

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-Gallery/Numberofstories-P+5 CeramicBlock d=25см Thermal insulationd=10см Z-профил Aircavity d=12см TrespaMeteon д=0.5см

Location-Trescafactory

theyarefacingnorth,andthatwaynonorth-facingapartmentswill appear.Thatwayareplaced9buildings,whileinbetween3more buildingsappearattheangle,inordertoachieveacloserrelationship withtheothers

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-stand-alonebuilding/Numberofstories-P+3 SituationM=1:5000 Characteristicfloorplan М=1:500 Section М=1:500 Areaoftheplot 65097m2 Totalgrossbuiltarea Coefficientoflanduse Percentageofbuiltarea Urbanparameters shadows:21.Dec.at12hand21.Juneat15h latitude.41,998°N,longitude21,42°E улицамитрополиттеодосијгологанов улица христо смирненски улица френклин рузвелт РЛГГП ГГП ГГП 93089.28m2 1,43 42,87% +13.38 +10.32 +7.26 +4.20 ±0.00 +13.98 8x27cm 9x18cm +3.06 +3.06 7x27cm 8x18cm 8x27cm 9x18cm 7x27cm 8x18cm 60.4 18.4 -1.14 6x19cm5x25cm 6x19cm5x25cm 13.98

Thebuildingsareplacedonthesite,sothatwiththenarrowerside

TeodoraSpasova7993

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES

ORIENTATION FORM SHADINGANDWARMINGUP

suninwinter suninsummer

Onthesite,therearebuildingswiththenarrower sidefacingnorth,duetotheorientationofthe apartmentstowardsthewidersides.Thoseobjects areplacedparalleltotheregulationline.Objects placedatananglewithRLarealsofound.

FORMEFFICIENCY

Buildingenvelopearea

Netvolume

Netareaofafloorplan

Theshapeoftheobjectsisarectangle. Eachbuildinghastwoentrancesanda smallcorridor.Therearefiveapartmentsin eachentrance,twoorientedontwosides, andthreeapartmentsorientedonlyonone side.

Widefacades-glazed Narrowfacades-afullmass

Windowsareacriticalcomponentinanybuilding,oftenresultingin 50%ormoreofheatloss.Thatiswhyitisnecessarytoget high-qualitywindows.Windowframesmustbewellinsulatedand fittedwithlow-eglazedpanesfilledwithargonorkryptontoprevent heattransfer.

Sunlightisusedinwintertowarmthebuilding, whileinsummerthebuildingneedsshadesfrom thesun'sheat.Thatcanbemadebecausethesun hasasmallerangleinthewinter(allowinglightto enter)andalargerangleinthesummer(allowing thesuntobeshaded).

FACADES

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-stand-alonebuilding/Numberofstories-P+3

FLOORRATIO BUILDINGCOMPACTNESS FORMFACTOR

E S W

corridor entry entry corridor

CASING

x x x x E S W Y = 18.4 m X=60.4m A P A=442597m2 V=14869.99m3 Pn=111136m2 V A Frontfacade Backfacade Leftfacade Rightfacade C=A/V=0.3m2/m3 F=А/Pn=3.9m2/m2 R=X/Y=1:3.28 verticalconcreteshades solarpanels TeodoraSpasova7993

GLAZING

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES

ISOLATION,THERMALENVELOPE

THERMALBRIDGES

SOLARPANELS

Thethermalenvelopecoversallsurfacesthatseparatetheinnerspacefrom theoutside,suchasfloors,facades,roofs,andthuspreventsheatfrom enteringorleavingthebuilding.Itsplacementiscrucialforproperthermal functioningofthebuilding.Toachievethis,theinsulationlayermustbe continuousbetweenalltheelementsthatmakeupthebuildingenvelope.

Ifcontinuityisnotachievedintheinsulation,thermalbridgeswillappearintheplaceswherethe materialsofthebuildingwillbetouched,whichareadirectsourceofenergyloss.Thermalbridges usuallyoccurinwindows,thatis,heatlossoccursthroughthewindowframe.Thatiswhyalledges, cornersandconnectionsmustbeplannedandexecutedwithgreatcare,sothatthermalbridgescanbe avoided.Thermalbridgesthatcannotbeavoidedmustbeminimizedasmuchaspossible.

Solarpanelsusesunlightasanenergysourceto generatedirectcurrentelectricity.

Plaster d=1,2cm

Blockwork d=12cm

Mineralwool insulation d=10cm

Brickwork d=12cm

Mineralwool insulation d=10cm Extendedplaster d=2cm

U=0,16W/m2K

SectionM=1:200 FloorplanM=1:200 FacadewallM=1:20 FacadeM=1:200 SUSTAINABLEAPARTMENT Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-stand-alonebuilding/Numberofstories-P+3

TeodoraSpasova7993

LOCATION

Thelocationisinthecentralcityarea.Inthepast,thefurniturefactory-Treska waslocatedhere. ThenewurbansolutionforthislocationconsistsoftowerswithaheightofGF+19 andblockswithaheightofGF+16.Theirplacementdependsontheorientation, orratheronthelargeshadowsthattheseobjectscastontheenvironment.

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-block/Numberofstories-GF+16 +5.04 +6.66 +5.04 ±00.00 +8.28 +56.88 улицамитрополиттеодосијгологанов улицавладимирполежиновски РЛГГП РЛ РЛ РЛГГП ГГП 65097m2 5508m2 3.04 8.5% CharacteristicfloorplanМ=1:500 SectionМ=1:500 SituationM=1:5000 Areaoftheplot Totalgrossbuiltarea Coefficientoflanduse Percentageofbuiltarea Urbanparameters shadows:21.Dec.at12hand21.Juneat15h latitude.41,998°N,longitude21,42°E

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES

ORIENTATION TYPOLOGY

SHELL-ADVANCEDFACADESYSTEMS FORM

rectangular,regular shapeoftheblock -FORMARISESFROMTYPOLOGY

EAST WEST

NORTH SOUTH

*theblockisorientedonaneast-west axis,i.e.theapartmentsareilluminated fromtheeastside,whilethecorridorgalleryisilluminatedfromthewestside

aspectratioof theblockbase ratioofthelongersideto theheightoftheblock 12m

27m 27m

*theformwaschosenbecauseitis suitabletothetowersofthesiteand alignswiththeorientation,itcanalso beeasilymanipulatedwithitstypology

56.88m

FORMEFFICIENCY

thecorridor-gallery isorientedtotheWEST

theresidentialzoneis orientedtotheEAST customizable glassfacing

*thetypologyischosenwithasidegallerycorridorthatisilluminated fromthewestandtheresidentialareathatisilluinatedfromtheeast side,thetypologyiscloselyrelatedtotheorientationandtothe mutualrelationshipoftheblockandthetowersinordernotto overshadetheobjects

AXONOMETRICALVIEW

*theshellisfollowedbyanadvancedfacadesystem thathasbuilt-intechnologyofsolarcellsthathelp withthepassiveheatingofthebuilding'sfacade,in addition,theshellisalsocomposedofshading

verticalshadesontheeastsideof thebuildingwheretheresidential areaisoriented

glazingwithbuilt-insolarpanels +passivesolarheating passivesolarheatingthrough

greenbarrier,settingofrows oftreesanddeciduoustrees, whichhelpinshadingthebuilding

greenroof,whichhelpsthebuilding's energyefficiency,i.e.compensatesfor thecarbonemissionsemittedbythebuilding *coveronthefirst layerofthefacade

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-block/Numberofstories-GF+16

backsheet frame galvanized backsheet aluminium honeycomb fiberglass insulation sollar cell

thefacade+sustainablematerials onthefacadeitself

Buildingenvelopearea Netvolume Netareaofafloorplan FACADES FLOORRATIO BUILDINGCOMPACTNESS FORMFACTOR Y = 27 m X=12m A P V A R=X/Y=1:2.25 C=A/V=6.9m2/m3 F=А/Pn=19.6m2/m2 A=5084.52m2 V=736.128m3 Pn=259.2m2

PASSIVESOLARHEATING PASSIVECOOLINGAND VENTILATION SHADING GLAZING

INDIRECTSOLARHEATING

*thepassivesolarheatingofthebuildingis direct,i.e.throughthesun,butalsoit spreadsindirectlythroughthesolarpanels thatareactuallybuiltintothefacadeandthe glazing

SUSTAINABLEAPARTMENT

*allthementionedstrategiesareused: -theorientationoftheapartmentistowardstheeastside -useofcladdingwithanadvancedfacadesystem -passivesolarheatingofthefacadeandglazing -passivecoolingwiththehelpofthecorrectchoiceof

insulationandtheuseofshades

FloorplanM=1:200 CrosssectionM=1:200 ElevationM=1:200

theroofandthe ceiling summerand winter: maximum penetration

avoidinghot, summerandcold, winterwinds wellinsulated externaland internalwalls deciduoustrees-goodfor suncontrol

*partoftheaspectsthatareusually partofthebuildingitselfandare determinedduringthedesigninorder tohaveagoodcooling/heatingofthe buildingandgoodventilation

ROOFFLOOR

*inadditiontotheusualaspects, passivecoolingisalsoprovidedby shadesthatareplacedverticallyon theeastsideoftheblock

goodinsulationof

*theglazingisconnectedtothepassivesolar heatingwhichisinstalledbetweentwoglass surfacesandislocatedonthewindow openingsandontheglasssurfacesofthe terracefences goodfloor insulation

-throughsolarpanelsinthefacadeof thebuilding

RENDERING Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-block/Numberofstories-GF+16 SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES UV convertedtoIRand deflectedtosolarcellsat theedge ELECTRICITY OUTPUT VISIBLELIGHT upto70% transmission IR deflectedto solarcellsat theedge UV IR SOLAR CELLS SOLAR CELLS UVconverted toIR VISIBLELIGHT upto70%transmission SUN SUN PVBlaminated layerinbetweentwo layersoflow-ironglass FacadewallM=1:2 customizable glassfacing d=10cm U=0.316W/m2K galvanizedbacksheet d=0.07cm sollarcell d=1cm backsheet d=0.07cm fiberglassinsulation d=10cm aluminiumhoneycomb d=1cm frame d=1cm

DIRECTHEATING -throughdirectsunlightandheatingfrom thesun'srays

PLAN

*inthecross-section,theentirewallisilluminatedfromthefront

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-tower/Numberofstories-GF+19 улицамитрополиттеодосијгологанов улицавладимирполежиновски РЛГГП РЛ РЛ РЛГГП ГГП 65097m2 5508m2 3.04 8.5% +3.24 16x30 17x18 +3.24 ±00.00 +6.30 +61.38 SituationM=1:5000 shadows:21.Dec.at12hand21.Juneat15h latitude.41,998°N,longitude21,42°E CharacteristicfloorplanМ=1:500 Areaoftheplot Totalgrossbuiltarea Coefficientoflanduse Percentageofbuiltarea Urbanparameters SectionМ=1:500 LOCATION

ThenewurbansolutionforthislocationconsistsoftowerswithaheightofGF+19 andblockswithaheightofGF+16.Theirplacementdependsontheorientation,

Thelocationisinthecentralcityarea.Inthepast,thefurniturefactory-Treska waslocatedhere.

orratheronthelargeshadowsthattheseobjectscastontheenvironment.

SHELL-ADVANCEDFACADESYSTEMS

NORTH SOUTH

EAST WEST sunlight 18m

*thetowerisorientedonaneast-westaxisandonanorth-south axis,theapartmentsareilluminatedfromall4sides,whilethe corridordevelopscentrallyalongthecentralverticalcore,its locationisinordernottocreateawidershadowandnotcasta shadowontheblocksandsurroundingfacilities

FORMEFFICIENCY

aspectratioof theblockbase ratioofthelongersideto theheightoftheblock

18m

square,regular shapeofthetower -FORMARISESFROMTYPOLOGY 18m

*theshapewaschosenbecauseitbestfits theblocksonthesiteandiscloselyrelated tothereasonforitsorientationand placementonthesite

61.38m

mainverticalstair andelevatorcore

backsheet

residentalzone

customizable glassfacing

illuminatedfromall 4sides

*thetypologyischosenwithacentralcoreandacorridorthat developsaroundthecore,andtheapartmentsareilluminatedfrom all4sides,thetypologyiscloselyrelatedtotheorientationandthe mutualrelationshipoftheblockandthetowersinordernotto overshadetheobjects(andthatwidershadowsarenotformedifthe toweritselfisrotated)

A=5067.36m2 V=646.38m3 Pn=243m2 C=A/V=7.8m2/m3 F=А/Pn=20.9m2/m2

R=X/Y=1:2.25

greenroof,whichhelpsthebuilding's energyefficiency,i.e.compensates forthecarbonemissionsemitted bythebuilding

glazingwithbuilt-insolarpanels +passivesolarheating

greenbarrier,settingofrows oftreesanddeciduoustrees, whichhelpinshadingthebuilding

passivesolarheatingthrough thefacade+sustainablematerials onthefacadeitself

*coveronthefirst layerofthefacade

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-tower/Numberofstories-GF+19

frame galvanized backsheet aluminium

fiberglass

*theshellisfollowedbyanadvancedfacadesystem thathasbuilt-intechnologyofsolarcellsthathelp withthepassiveheatingofthebuilding'sfacade,in addition,theshellisalsocomposedofshading ORIENTATION

honeycomb

insulation sollar cell

TYPOLOGY FORM

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES

Buildingenvelopearea Netvolume Netareaofafloorplan FLOORRATIO BUILDINGCOMPACTNESS FORMFACTOR Y = 18 m X=18m V A P A FACADES

verticalshadesontheeastsideof thebuildingwheretheresidential areaisoriented

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNSTRATEGIES UV convertedtoIRand deflectedtosolarcellsat

PASSIVESOLARHEATING

PASSIVECOOLINGAND VENTILATION SHADING GLAZING

INDIRECTSOLARHEATING -throughsolarpanelsinthefacadeof thebuilding DIRECTHEATING -throughdirectsunlightandheatingfrom thesun'srays

summerandcold, summerand winter: maximum penetration

*theglazingisconnectedtothepassivesolar heatingwhichisinstalledbetweentwoglass surfacesandislocatedonthewindow openingsandontheglasssurfacesofthe terracefences wellinsulated externaland internalwalls deciduoustrees-goodfor suncontrol

SUSTAINABLEAPARTMENT

*partoftheaspectsthatareusually partofthebuildingitselfandare determinedduringthedesigninorder tohaveagoodcooling/heatingofthe buildingandgoodventilation goodinsulationof theroofandthe ceiling goodfloor insulation

Sustainableresidentialbuilding/Type-tower/Numberofstories-GF+19

avoidinghot,

*thepassivesolarheatingofthebuildingis direct,i.e.throughthesun,butalsoit spreadsindirectlythroughthesolarpanels thatareactuallybuiltintothefacadeandthe glazing winterwinds

ELECTRICITY OUTPUT VISIBLELIGHT upto70% transmission IR deflectedto solarcellsat theedge UV IR SOLAR CELLS SOLAR CELLS UVconverted toIR VISIBLELIGHT upto70%transmission SUN SUN PVBlaminated layerinbetweentwo layersoflow-ironglass FacadewallM=1:2 customizable glassfacing d=10cm U=0.316W/m2K galvanizedbacksheet d=0.07cm sollarcell d=1cm backsheet d=0.07cm fiberglassinsulation d=10cm aluminiumhoneycomb d=1cm frame d=1cm FloorplanM=1:200 CrosssectionM=1:200 ElevationM=1:200 *inthecross-section,theentirewallisilluminatedfromthefront *allthementionedstrategiesareused: -theorientationoftheapartmentistowardstheeastside -useofcladdingwithanadvancedfacadesystem -passivesolarheatingofthefacadeandglazing -passivecoolingwiththehelpofthecorrectchoiceofinsulationandtheuseofshades *inadditiontotheusualaspects, passivecoolingisalsoprovidedby

ROOFFLOOR PLAN

RENDERING

theedge

shadesthatareplacedhorizontallyon thesouthsideofthetowerand verticallyontheeastside FACADE

улица митрополит теодосиј гологанов улица владимир полежиновски улица христо смирненски улица френклин рузвелт РЛ ГГП ГГП ГГП РЛ ГГП ГГП Sustainable residential building / Type - block / Number of stories - P+8 Situation M=1:5000 Characteristic floor plans М=1:100 Area of the plot Total gross built area Coefficient of land use Percentage of built area Urban parameters Location -Located

radius

-The objects are placed

scad with the placement

the sun. shadows: 21. Dec. at 12 h and 21.June at 15 h latitude. 41,998° N, longitude 21,42° E 65097 m2 99960 m2 1.54 13.45 % 27 28 + 28.00 A A B A A B Section B-B Section A-A 42 B B

in the central area of Skopje, the location is within a

of a large number of public and cultural activities. It represents the land of the former furniture factory "Treska", which has a central location and thus contributes to the attractiveness of the location.

The main orientation of the rooms is southwest. They need blinds arises for sun protection in summer. On the northern terraces there are trees that protect the rooms from cold wind.

of glass, placed separately distance (with border strip) and hermetically sealed. The border tape contains a dehydrator to absorb the moisture that remained between the layers of glass, This prevents fogging between the layers.

Solar thermal systems use the energy from the sun to heat or preheat sanitary water. They can also contribute to the central heating system.

Solar collectors use the heat from the sun to heat a fluid which then transfers the energy to sanitary water. The collectors, if they have suitable optical characteristics, produce thermal energy even in cloudy weather.

Heat diverters consist of a fan and ducts, and are very inexpensive to purchase, install, and use. They move the water from the warm zones to the colder ones. The diverters redistribute the warm air that collects in the upper zones to the lower ones, that is, they bring the warm air from the ceiling zone back down to the floors.

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN STRATEGIES FORM EFFICIENCY Building envelope area Net volume Net area of a floor plan FACADES FLOOR RATIO BUILDING COMPACTNESS FORM FACTOR Sustainable residential building / Type - block / Number of stories - P+8 C=A/V = 0.5 m2/m3 F=А/Pn = 13.6 m2/m2 R=Y / X = 1:1.55 A = 6773 m2 V= 12524 m3 Pn= 497 m2 X= 27 m Y = 42 m Facade west 100 Facade east Facade south Facade north solar system green wall green terrace green facade fotovoltaik panele ORIENTACION SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMSHEATING / COOLING SUN'S RAYS sun's rays on 22 december 2sun's rays on 8th marth and 21 september 3sun's rays on 21st june NORTH SOUTH INSULATED GLASS isolated canal Fan in the grid for blowing heating heat room return grid

Section M=1:200 Floor plan M=1:200 Facade wall M=1:200 Facade M=1:200 U = 1.131 W/m2K

APARTMENT Sustainable residential building / Type - block / Number of stories - P+8 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN STRATEGIES The vegetation in this case serves as insulation of the building and helps in regulating the room temperature and reduces the emissions from heaters and air conditioners. The inner layer is waterproof and protects the walls from moisture. The middle layer is biological and absorbs moisture which then stimulates the development of organisms such as moss and fungi. The outer layer is a

moisture

middle layer,

evaporating.

FACADE interior plaster 2сm siporex block сm glue and netting 2сm styrofoam 10сm final layer сm см thermal comfort air quality noise absorption biophilia

SUSTAINABLE

coating that allows

to pass through to the

but prevents it from

GREEN

The project is co-financed by the Governments of Czechia, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia through Visegrad Grants from International Visegrad Fund. The mission of the fund is to advance ideas for sustainable regional cooperation in Central Europe.