Animal Talk Magazine Barbados Issue 4

ISSUE 4

•

2021

The effect of

HEAT & DRY conditions on livestock Frigate Bird The

of the Caribbean

Standing Up The Vincentian S.P.C.A.

for the Voiceless

PARVO & PANLEUKOPENIA

ISSUE 4 | ANIMAL TALK | 1

table of contents

I

issue 4

off the hoof

THE EFFECT OF HEAT AND DRY CONDITIONS ON LIVESTOCK.................. 4 Low rainfall and excessively dry conditions can affect our lives in many different ways because water is such an important part of our bodies and also of our daily activities.

CARING FOR RETIRED RACE HORSES.. 6

•

2021

ask the vet

TO NEUTER OR NOT TO NEUTER........22

I’m thinking of neutering my pet, but hear conflicting information. Do I really need to do this to my beloved animal and are there any benefits or side effects?

PARVO & PANLEUKOPENIA.................23

The best way to retire a performance horse is to gradually decrease his activity level, not just turn him out in a field.

Vomiting and diarrhea are two of the most dreaded symptoms for the owner of a new puppy, and while these signs may not always be caused by Parvo, it is definitely worth a ‘trip to the vet’ to be certain.

wagging tails

spotlight on

The healing power of animals in our lives.

Barbados’s newest dog trainer is a great ambassador for promoting dog welfare and care in Barbados.

PETS, NOT PILLS..................................... 8 DOGS NEED DAILY STIMULATION........ 10 Research indicates that a lack of social interaction, especially with dogs that are locked in pens/kennels all day, causes long-term mental illness.

aquatic life

BUILDING A KOI POND.......................... 12 So you have built your Koi Pond and things are about to get exciting, it is time to add life to your empty pond.

PROTECTING SEA TURTLES................. 15 The Barbados Sea Turtle Project, provides critical care to sea turtles in Barbados.

carib wild

TRAIL-BLAZING ANIMAL CONSERVATION IN ANTIGUA................ 16 Learn about the animal conservation work being conducted by our sister islands.

feathered friends

THE FRIGATE BIRD OF THE CARIBBEAN.................................... 18 If you are in the tropical Caribbean, look up and you will see the soaring elegance of the Frigate bird.

purrfect cats

THE MAINE COON.................................. 20 Learn all about the Maine Coon and how special they are.

RED DOG................................................24

children’s corner

THE SWALLOW THAT GOT LEFT BEHIND!.................................................26

Frog and Cat are best friends and every night, when the moon rises high, they go in search of adventures.

QUIZ TIME & WORD SEARCH...............27

life at the sanctuary

OCEAN ACRES ANIMAL SANCTUARY.28

Barbados’ newest animal sanctuary, Ocean Acres, is more than just a dog and cat shelter. When people come to visit, they never want to leave and everyone stays longer than they intend to. Visitors say it has a special magic.

THE VINCENTIAN S.P.C.A.....................30

The Vincentian Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (VSPCA) is the first non-profit animal welfare organisation incorporated in St. Vincent and the Grenadines.

out & about with...

INSPECTOR WAYNE NORVILLE...........32 ‘Stretch Feet without You. Puts Your Dog’s Life In Peril!’

useful numbers

I LOVE MY PETS.....................................33

By Ryan Innis and Carolinna Lima

CATS AS PETS........................................ 21 Must have tips on how to keep your cat happy and healthy.

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ISSUE 4 | ANIMAL TALK | 1

Published by Managing Editor Art Director & Designer Copy Editor Advertising Sales Contributing Writers

Guest Contributors

Photography Printers

Special Thanks To

Jewel Enterprises Gail Jewel Hunte Sian In Design Inc. Christine Fell Gail Jewel Hunte Mitchel Hird, Gail J Hunte, Lana Husbands, Laura Hutchinson, Emily Kinch, Wayne Norville, Karen Stiell Kiersten Anderson, Michelle Bell, Julie Ann Hinkson, Terrence Mayers, Karen Whittaker Stock Imagery Printed in the UK by The Magazine Printing Co. www.magprint.co.uk Our advertisers for supporting this magazine.

All of our writers for their great articles. and everyone who has offered support and encouragement in this challenging year.

contact us:

Animal Talk welcomes your feedback so please email us sharing your thoughts and ideas at: animaltalkeditor@gmail.com

advertising sales:

To advertise in Animal Talk Magazine, please email Gail Jewel Hunte at: animaltalkads@gmail.com

follow us on facebook

for more animal welfare stories: Animal Talk Magazine Barbados Animal Talk makes every effort to ensure accuracy but cannot be held responsible for errors and omissions. The content is strictly informational. You are therefore advised to speak with a registered veterinarian or qualified professional for all matters relating to your pets and other animals.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the publisher.

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ANIMAL SANCTUARIES go above and beyond during

Christine Fell Copy Editor

After living in Barbados from 2012-2014 where she volunteered at The Ark, Christine Fell moved back to Canada and now calls Torbay in Newfoundland, Canada, her home.

She is an excellent proof reader with years of experience. Christine is also passionate about animal welfare and about promoting the cause.

Sian Pampellonne Designer

Owner of Sian In Design Inc., an advertising studio that provides bespoke creative solutions across a wide range of industries with strategic marketing insight. As an Expressionist painter, her signature style, vivid colours and fresh interpretation is reflective of her world view. f/i: sianpampellonneartist / sianindesign • www.sianpampellonne.com

Karen Stiell Writer

Karen Stiell is a mother, writer and novelist.

Originally from the UK, she now lives in Grenada and is one of the organizers of Grenada Sailing Week. Karen especially loves the different species of wildlife found in the Caribbean.

the COVID-19 pandemic!

The Covid-19 pandemic, has hit some pet owners hard and this has resulted in many dogs and cats being surrendered and abandoned, as a result of people losing their jobs and income. The rescue shelters and charities which include, The Ark Animal Welfare Society, Barbados RSPCA, K9 Friends Barbados, Ocean Acres Animal Sanctuary, and Woodbourne Board & Rescue, have all worked tirelessly to help as many animals as they can.

The situation was so desperate that Ocean Acres partnered with Eastern Ontario Potcake Rescue, and flew 200 dogs and 14 cats out so that they could be adopted in Canada. It was a great success, with all of the above shelters being able to fly some of their animals on a private chartered plane. Visit their social media pages and websites to learn more.

The charity Action for Animals Barbados (AFAB), continues with its activism and particularly in the area of the enforcement of Barbados Animal Cruelty Laws. AFAB also partnered with Roberts Manufacturing on a radio series called, Canine Love Tips. The charity has other exciting projects lined up.

Dr. Laura Hutchinson Writer Wayne Norville Writer Dr. Laura Hutchinson, DVM esmt CVA, and owner of Trinity Vets, is a veterinarian, and is also certified in the specialist areas of Equine Sports Massage Therapy and Veterinary Acupuncture. Listen to her on Morning Barbados as part of a series on animal care.

Wayne Norville, joined the RSPCA at 13. He’s won many awards, including the Silver Medal from the RSPCA in England and Community awards in Barbados. Over the years Wayne has saved hundreds of animal lives making him a real champion and hero to animals.

Animal Talk Magazine commends the work of our animal welfare oganisations in Barbados. We’ll play our part by providing you with insightful and educational articles provided by our great team of regular and featured guest writers. Lined up for you in this issue, we have the majestic Frigate Birds, in Feathered Friends. Why Dog’s Need Stimulation in Wagging Tails. Caring for Livestock and Ex-Racehorses in Off the Hoof, and we continue with our two-part series on Koi Ponds in Aquatic Life!

Ocean Acres, our newest animal sanctuary in Barbados, is featured in Life at the Sanctuary. While the St. Vincentian SCPA shares with us the work they are doing to help animals.

We also welcome two new feature writers, Emily Kinch and Dr. Lana Husbands, to the team.

All this and more awaits you.

Gail Jewel Hunte

Mitchel Hird Writer

Mitchel Hird is a Marine, and Freshwater Biologist who has a special love of Koi fish.

He operates Select Nishikigoi, a Japanese Koi Store in Barbados and offers design consultancy on large scale Pond and Aquarium Displays. www.caribbeankoi.com

Please follow us on facebook to learn more: Animal Talk Magazine Barbados

Emily Kinch Writer

Emily Kinch is a Level 1 FEI Coach and has successfully competed and trained in North America. She represented Barbados at the 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games and 2015 Pan American Games. She currently teaches students at Yorkshire Stables.

Dr. Lana Husbands Writer

Dr. Lana Husbands, is a medical doctor of over 20 years with a special interest in understanding animal rights and welfare.

She is passionate about the holistic wellbeing of the elderly and how animals in therapy can help the elderly and wider community.

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off the hoof Barbados

The effect of

HEAT & DRY conditions on livestock Written By Dr. Terry Mayers

and the Eastern Caribbean as a whole is facing unseasonably high temperatures, low rainfall and critically low water levels. Being exposed to extreme heat and low water resources causes significant stress to livestock, and in some extreme cases, can result in their death.

Every year around the onset of our dry period (which starts after the Christmas Season and extends well into the middle of June to July) can catch farmers and animal enthusiast unaware and leave animals vulnerable to these dry and hot conditions. All animal owners/caretakers have a responsibility to ensure regular supervision and supply of water, feed and shelter. This doesn’t just apply to mainstream farmers. Small area and hobby farmers as well as owners of domestic animals have the same responsibilities to put in place plans around supplying adequate water and food supplies at all times, and to have a realistic idea of the costs involved and how these can be managed. Please note if you are struggling to care for your animals or other livestock on your property our advice is to make arrangements for someone else to care for them on their property, or if this is not possible then sale should be considered. The sale or the humane slaughter of livestock during the dry period is a sensible and cost effective option, especially if you the owner realize that providing adequate feed, forage or water is a financial burden. The sale of the animal before it loses adequate body condition is ideal, as your monetary compensation is usually determined by a number of factors, the external condition of the animal being one of them.

Good Quality Feed The actual process of digestion causes the production of internal (or metabolic) heat in animals which will contribute to the animal’s heat load, so it is important to provide animals with high quality feed to maintain nutrient intake without excessive heat production. Feed early morning or in the evening when temperatures are lower. Ruminants (e.g. cows, sheep and goats) tend to graze early in the morning and late in the afternoon naturally avoiding the warmer parts of the day. During that period they may chew their cud.

Store Hay or Forages Have an adequate supply of hay or cut grass stored for your animals before the dry season starts. Enough hay should be stored to feed your animals for at least two weeks. Plenty of water is required for the digestion of the forages so that adequate nutrient uptake can occur and so as to avoid impaction or blockage.

Livestock Transport Ideally, Livestock should not be transported in the heat of the day. Early in the morning around sunrise and before traffic or late in the afternoon just before sunset. Should you have to move livestock during extreme heat predetermine your route to reduce the time traveling. If it is necessary to stop, park the vehicle in the shade and at right angles to the wind direction to improve wind flow between animals during hot weather.

What to look for with heat stress:

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General Tips for all livestock Low rainfall and excessively dry conditions can affect our lives in many different ways because water is such an important part of our bodies and also of our daily activities. We, like animals and plants, need water to live.

Adequate Supply of Fresh Water All livestock can be affected by salt poisoning if fresh water is withheld after animals have been fed. Salt poisoning is a process whereby the animal is fed usually feed or pellets (concentrates) and water is withheld. Water is critical for pregnant or lactating stock, young animals or animals subjected to heavy heat stress or water loss. For example a lactating cow needs to drink 4 times the amount of water as the milk she produces. Animals should ideally be checked twice daily and water and food replenished as necessary. Water nipples in pens need to be routinely checked and cleaned to make sure that they work. If the water pressure is too low, consider erecting a water tank above the pen or up an incline to allow the water to flow down to the animals via gravity.

Suitable Shelter or Shade The shelter or shade should protect the animals from direct sunlight especially at the hottest time of the day (on average between 11:00 am and 3:00pm), allow for the cooling effect of wind and the shelter or shade to be large enough for all animals to be able to lie down. Housing for intensively housed animals such as poultry and pigs should be fitted with cooling fans that ensure adequate airflow to all animals. Sprinkler systems or spray units are also recommended to aid cooling during extreme temperatures.

• • • • • • •

Panting or difficulty breathing Increased respiration rate with bright red gums Increased water intake Loss of appetite Vomiting or diarrhoea Anxious behavior followed by listlessness/lethargy Increased salivation

What to do when heat stress is suspected: • Move them to the shade immediately, preferably somewhere with a breeze • Offer plenty of cool clean water, but encourage them to drink small amounts often • Spray them with cool water, especially on the legs and feet, or stand them in water • Lay wet towels over them • Increase air movement around them using fans, ventilation, or wind movement • Allow enough room for the animals to lie down * If the animals continue to show signs of heat stress it is time to contact your veterinarian AT: If you see livestock in a distress condition, please contact the Barbados RSPCA or the Ministry of Agriculture & Food Security, Livestock Pound.

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off the hoof

Retired Race Horses Written By Emily Kinch

ANIMAL TALK If selling or giving away a racehorse that has been retired, it is critical that not only is a home-check carried out, but follow-up visits to see how the horse is doing.

People’s circumstance change and while they may be able to keep and care for a horse today, can they do the same in a month’s or years’ time?

It is not advisable to give horses to young people unless they come from a horsing background and or their parents/caregivers will support them in caring for a horse.

AND HOW TO CARE FOR THEM

All horses require adequate space to graze and roam away from traffic and in enclosed areas. If on occasion a horse is tied, the environment needs to be sufficient that the horse can move around unhindered, safely.

The best way to retire a performance horse is to gradually decrease his activity level, not just turn him out in a field.

Unlike humans, there is no standard retirement age for horses. Racehorses may retire at 4-years old to the breeding shed, or be retrained for Polo, Show-Jumping or Dressage. Dressage and show-jumpers can excel and peak at the highest levels of competition well into their late teens.

The eldest horse I’ve ever ridden was 20-years old. Their life span ranges between 25-30 years.

roughage and a feed that’s high in fibre and low in starch/ sugar.

Companionship for horses

The rule of thumb is, if you’re thirsty, then chances are your horse is too. Be smart; keep the horse hydrated - especially in sunny and hot Barbados.

As horses age, even the most solitary horse tends to appreciate companionship. Pairing your horse with a like-minded pasture mate will help keep your horse in good spirits. If your horse can’t get along with other horses try pairing him with a goat or sheep.

Basic care for retired horses: Daily: • Feed and Water • Time in the Paddock and Stable • Grooming/Bathing • Snuggles • Favourite Treats Nutrition: Race horses are usually fed high energy and roughage to obtain maximum endurance.

Regardless of their age, it is important to have

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An agreement should be drawn up and signed stating that if the person wishes to go on and sell the horse, that the original owner is notified and involved in the process. The reason being, is that too many ex-race horses end up in the wrong hands and suffer neglect and abuse.

It is also important that your horse has an adequate amount of fresh water daily. The average horse will drink five to ten gallons of water per day. Just like humans, horses can crave different amounts of water.

Things to ask yourself before acquiring any horse: 1. Can I afford to feed a horse (they need more than grass)?

2. Can I afford big medical bills?

3. Do I have adequate land for a horse?

4. If I have to move can I take the horse with me?

5. If I become sick or travel overseas for a period, do I have someone who can take care of my horse?

A few key things to look out for (health wise): • Moving Sore - lameness due to arthritis, abscess or stone bruise • Weight Loss - not eating due to sharp points/ hooks or infection • Unhealthy Coat • Reduced Energy Level - dehydration • Restless — pawing, biting at the tummy, laying down (colicing) Monthly: • Blacksmith (trim and round their hooves) • Worming • Tick treatment Yearly: • Dentist

If you answered no to any of the above, you should NOT have a horse. Instead, it would be better to volunteer and learn about caring for horses with an organisation like the Nature Fun Ranch or the HORSE Charity.

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*If you see a horse that looks neglected or is injured, please contact the Barbados HORSE Charity or the Barbados RSPCA (numbers in this magazine).

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wagging tails

PETS, NOT PILLS Written By Dr. Lana Husbands (MD)

>

The Healing Power of Animals in our Lives

Animals have been used in therapy since the 17th century to help alleviate pain and anxiety in children and adults. For instance, persons who have experienced different forms of abuse, suffered illness, or grieved a loved one passing, have found animals to be a great source of comfort.

Animals are generally perceived as non-threatening and nonjudgmental and are thus seen as the “ideal therapist”.

Many pet owners relate that when they returned home from a stressful work day, their dog gives them a nuzzle or reassuring lick, and they feel comforted.

1) Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT): • Is a structured, goal-directed intervention in which an animal is incorporated as an integral part of the treatment process.

• Delivered and/or directed by a professional health or human service provider. AAT is documented and evaluated within an individualized treatment plan.

It seemed that their dog “knew” how they felt and wanted to “make it right.”

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Let us Explore Two Forms of Animal Therapy:

•

Sessions generally have a fixed length.

An example of AAT is the use of animals to rehabilitate war veterans suffering from PTSD.

2) Animal-Assisted Activities (AAA): • A basic ‘meet-and-greet’ sessions of pets visiting people in a hospital, long-term care centre, etc.

• They provide opportunities for motivational, educational, therapeutic and/or recreational activities.

• May be delivered by a specially trained professional, paraprofessional or volunteer.

• No defined treatment goals are planned for each visit; detailed notes and documentation are not required.

• Visits are spontaneous and can be as short or long as necessary.

Does it Really Work?

Understandably, with any new medical intervention, there will be questions such as: Are results measurable and reproducible? Is this just another fad in alternative medicine which serves no practical purpose, but is little more than a “feel good” remedy?

Happily, there is increasing and compelling evidence that trained animals (most commonly dogs who are easily and predictably trained), have been successfully used as standard, vital emotional support for sufferers.

The first formal therapeutic work and research was done by Dr. Boris Levinson, a respected child psychologist. In 1961, while working with a withdrawn and mentally impaired young boy, Dr. Levinson made an “accidental discovery” involving his dog, Jingles. Levinson briefly left Jingles alone with the boy and, when he returned, found the young boy interacting with the dog. This inspired Levinson to do further research with Jingles and his young patients. He found that the presence of a dog during

therapy sessions had a positive effect on impaired young patients. Levinson is often credited with coining the term “pet therapy” and suggested its use as part of standard care. As they carefully listen, the therapist may then be able to effectively proceed with individualised treatment modalities (including medication if indicated ) for a positive long-term recovery.

Are only Dogs Useful?

Not at all; there are several, albeit mainly anecdotal reports that cats, guinea pigs, rabbits, hens, fish and even reptiles may be used, but these are often owned by the patient. Horses are increasingly used to rehabilitate persons with physical challenges, autism and those with drug and other addictions on a group level.

Dogs, however, are more widely accepted, and (as mentioned), predictably trained and can remain on a leash if needed, especially if any in the group may not be comfortable with an animal roaming amongst them. The patient may then stroke, brush or even be encouraged to walk with the dog to increase their mobility. (Anyone who dislikes or fears animals or is allergic to them, is not a likely candidate for AAA intervention.)

The Elderly

In their book: “Between Pets and People”, medical professors note a 1992 study by an Australian cardiologist. The study found that people with pets had lower blood pressure and lower blood fat levels than those without pets.

The authors also point to the trend by nursing homes to incorporate animals into the routine and environment for patients.

COVID-19 has brought sudden and sometimes fatal consequences, but one group especially devastated have been our dear elderly ones, who are most

susceptible to contracting and dying from this virus. The loss of many of them in the hardest hit countries has been painful to see and read about. We wish those families all best wishes in coping with this ongoing crisis.

One concern which has been repeatedly highlighted is the depression and the sense of loneliness and abandonment which many report as they are in an unprecedented situation which is distressing and fraught with uncertainty, but also adds to the fear and apathy in life.

Therapy animals have been given permission in some states in the United States of America during the pandemic, for the volunteers with their handlers to make arrangements for outdoor visits so that those isolated in their rooms may see and talk to their favourite animal.

Evidence suggests and overall increase in subjected heart rate, blood pressure, mood and the will to live as there is something to look forward to.

Those with dementia are reported to become more verbal and sociable after contact with animals and this is presently being more widely studied.

We all know that to feel happy, prosperous and fulfilled, we need our mental, physical and emotional needs met; we highly value our families and friendships and when we experience emotional or other pain or any kind of suffering, we all need a helping hand or a paw.

Lana Husbands, MBBS (UWI), is Creative Director of Homes, Hearts and Paws of Love (new AAA not for profit organization) and Affiliate Friend of Action For Animals Barbados.

References: http://www.pawsitiveinteraction.com/pdf/a_scientific_look.pdf https://www.pdresources.org/blog_data/animal-assisted-therapy-a-brief-history/ http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1701&context=gs_rp Between Pets and People: The Importance of Animal Companionship by Professors Alan M. Beck (Veterinarian) and Aaron H. Katcher, (psychiatrist) http://www.wideopenpets.com/6-types-of-animals-used-for-therapy/ http://www.who.int/about/mission/en/ http://animaltherapy.net/what-is-aataaa/

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wagging tails

Dogs need

Daily Stimulation Written By Gail J Hunte

lemon grass 1/4 page ad

RESEARCH INDICATES THAT A LACK OF SOCIAL INTERACTION, ESPECIALLY WITH DOGS THAT ARE LOCKED IN PENS/KENNELS ALL DAY, CAUSES LONG-TERM MENTAL ILLNESS IN DOGS. One study suggests that “some kenneled dogs show signs of distress, characteristic of mental illness in humans and chronic stress due to over-stimulated adrenal glands and certain dogs may use repetitive behaviors as a coping mechanism.” University of Edinburgh, Anthrozoology Institute.

SIGNS THAT YOUR DOG IS IN DISTRESS: • Crying/howling • Pacing • Excessive panting due to high levels of anxiety and over heating • Chewing/gnawing kennel • Constant barking • Lethargy which can be a sign of depression Dr. Becker from Mercola Healthy Pets states: “Confining a puppy or dog that hasn’t been housetrained to her own

cozy crate for a few hours is fine. However, a crate-trained dog, once housebroken, should be allowed to go in and out of her crate at will.” In other words, your dog should have the option to go in and out of their kennel/crate, rather than being locked in the kennel day and night.

Further, a dog that has plenty of stimulation such as playtime, toys and human interaction, will be less inclined to be destructive or bark all the time.

SIMPLE TIPS FOR WALKING YOUR DOG: • Make sure your dog has on a collar or harness with name tag or license disk for identification • Keep dogs on their leash around people at all times • Walk your dog early morning or in the evening when cool • If a long walk, provide water • Walk with your dog on the inside so that he/she is not against the traffic • At night, wear reflecting clothing for both your safety • Walk with poop bags • With puppies, start off with short journeys so they get used to walks • Your dog may pull for the first few times, so walk with treats and use a command word such as “heel” if they pull and gently guide the dog back to your side.

Reward with a dog treat to positively reinforce

DOGS NEED: • • • • • •

Shade to keep cool Enrichment toys Flea and tick treatments and regular worming Daily meals Health-checks at the vets for their shots etc Exercise Having a dog is a wonderful experience, and one that will bring years of enjoyment and love if you enter into the relationship with the understanding that you are responsible for their physical and mental well-being.

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aquatic life

Before filling the pond, check all your plumbing connections are secure. If the pond is concrete ensure your Mason did a good job, make sure there are no holes or cracks. Clean and sweep out the pond as you don’t want to be scooping debris out of the water later. Wash out the pond with clean water, then drain this to waste and refill.

Building a Koi Pond Written By: Mitchel Hird

Part 2

So you have built your Koi Pond and things are about to get exciting, it is time to add life to your empty pond.

The cement used to build your beautiful new pond contains Lime, a strong alkali, it will seep out of the concrete, into the water and kill your new fish. Therefore concrete ponds need an extra step called “Leaching”. The concrete pond must be filled with water and allowed to stand for at least a week, longer is better. This allows the lime to come out of the new concrete and into the water. After leaching the pond, pump out the alkaline water and refill. After a day, test the pH. If the water is still very alkaline then repeat the leaching process for another week. Your local pond shop should be able to test your water if you take them a sample.

So now your pond is full, you will no doubt be very anxious to fill the pond with Fish, but now is the time for a little patience. This is harder than you might think, after so much time and effort everyone just wants to see their pond filled with fish… but this is potentially a costly mistake, because first you need BACTERIA! Your pond pump and filter does two jobs, firstly it removes solids, just like a sieve. These are things like dust, fish waste, uneaten food etc. We call this “Mechanical filtration.” It is mainly to keep the water clear so you can see the fish. However the filter does a second, more important job, it removes the ammonia!

When you feed your fish they will excrete ammonia. If you have ever smelled a bottle of cleaning ammonia you know how pungent it is. Ammonia burns and damages living tissue, especially the delicate gills and skin of fish. Here is the interesting part, there are some special microscopic Bacteria that will take up residence in your filter and detoxify the ammonia. Without these useful creatures pond keeping would be almost impossible. But there’s a catch, the Bacteria take time to grow naturally and you only ever have enough to cope with the number of fish you have at any one time.

When you add more fish the amount of ammonia excreted into the pond increases and it takes about six weeks for the bacteria to multiply to cope with the extra ammonia. If you add too many fish all at once the ammonia accumulates and can cause big problems. So in a brand new pond it’s important to add fish slowly, just add two or three to begin with. The best way is to gradually add fish over the coming weeks and months monitoring the ammonia with a simple test kit. This will ensure your pond will have a trouble free start.

Koi are a domesticated strain of Carp. First created by selective breeding in Japan hundreds of years ago. For avid enthusiasts every aspect of the fish is important, body shape, pattern and colour. The very best examples can fetch staggering amounts, upwards of US$1 million. These top quality Koi come exclusively from Japan where Koi farmers with generations of experience strive to create the most beautiful Koi. The truth is that this top end of the market is

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very small, partly because it is so difficult to breed these elite Koi. A Japanese breeder might work his entire life breeding many millions of Koi over a career and still not be fortunate enough to produce a single Koi of a World class standard.

The most expensive Koi ever sold at Auction for US$1.8Million

Just like breeds of Dog, there are specific patterns, over 200 types exist and each type is referred to by an exotic sounding Japanese name. The names and history behind Koi add to the fascination Koi keepers have for these captivating fish. Take for example the “Ochiba Shigure,” this is a grey koi with brown patches. The name means “Autumn leaves on the water” a Charismatic name for a fish! The name describes its pattern of brown “autumn leaves” that have fallen on to a grey “water” background.

There are over 200 koi varieties, pictured is an Ochiba Shigure

Despite the headline grabbing price tags at the top end of the Koi market, the truth is that most Koi bred in Japan cost approximately $100 to $200. As a result of the careful selective breeding by the Japanese, the Koi they produce grow bigger and maintain their shape, colours and patterns and usually improve with age.

That said, Koi are also bred in other countries like the USA and Israel. These are usually high volume/lower quality farms with koi destined for sale in Garden centres and pet shops.

Even here in the Barbados there are back yard breeders growing their koi at home, or in cane ground ponds for sale.

Whilst these fish might not be perfect they are colourful and often an affordable way to get started in the hobby.

ISSUE 4 | ANIMAL TALK | 13

aquatic life Continued from Page 13

FEEDING This is everyone’s favourite part. There are few things as relaxing as coming home after a hard day’s work, sitting next to your pond whilst watching your fish feed. It truly is a wonderful stress antidote, but spare a thought for how and what you feed your fish. The leading cause of fish death is over feeding, so don’t be tempted to feed too much as uneaten food fouls the water quickly. In the wild Carp are grazers, so their digestive system is adapted to eat little and often, two or three smaller feeds a day are better than one big feed.

A good tip is to use a measuring tub and only feed the Koi what they can eat in 2-3 minutes. Always try to use a quality food, poorer feeds often contain un-digestible “filler” ingredients or even worse by-products, these pass through the fish and pollute your water.

Above all don’t be tempted to use feeds not intended for Koi — Tilapia pellets, Dog and Cat feeds. These will lead to premature death and bad water quality.

ONGOING CARE As your collection of Koi grows so will your investment.

People often underestimate the emotional attachment owners can develop with these fish that can live for decades.

Article reprinted with permission from the Barbados Sea Turtle Project.

Koi often recognize their owners and will even hand feed.

Here are some pointers to make sure they stay healthy: • Clean the filter regularly (as per manufacturers instructions).

• Do at least a 10% monthly water change to remove dissolved waste products – old pond water is a great fertilizer for your plants!

• Use dechlorinator when doing water changes. It’s cheap and will neutralize the damaging chlorine in Tap water.

• Observe your fish - watch for unusual behavior or injuries.

Koi take very little care, but when there is a problem it’s best to deal with it promptly. Health issues can usually be treated if caught early.

• As your fish grow make sure there is adequate oxygenation.

Bigger fish need more oxygen.

• Overstocked ponds often suffer badly during power cuts.

Invest in a little portable generator just to keep the air pump running.

• If you manually clean your filter, use old pond water, never wash the filter media with tap water as the Chlorine will kill the beneficial Bacteria.

So now you have a pond full of beautiful Japanese koi which will provide years of enjoyment as they grow and develop. You will be surprised how satisfying caring for these living jewels can be, whilst providing you and your family with a relaxing and beautiful water feature to enjoy.

For More Information on Koi Ponds. Please contact Mitch via his website http://www.caribbeankoi.com by email: info@caribbeankoi.com or phone +1 (246) 256 6617

Protecting Sea turtles IN BARBADOS

How do I report a turtle activity or turtles in trouble?

Call the Turtle Hotline: (246) 230-0142

When do sea turtles nest in Barbados?

Most hawksbill turtles in Barbados nest during the peak season between mid-May through mid to late October.

However, nesting has been documented in every month of the year.

The nesting season for leatherback turtles in Barbados is between February and July.

The first record of green turtles nesting in Barbados was in 2005. It is currently believed that their nesting season is the same as that for hawksbills.

Are sea turtles protected?

As of 1998, the Government of Barbados enacted a total moratorium on all sea turtle harvesting. It is completely illegal to catch any species of sea turtle, or possess any turtle product (i.e. meat, shell, eggs) in Barbados. Penalties include fines up to $50,000 Barbados dollars and/or two years in jail.

However, each country has its own laws, and in some places it is still legal to harvest sea turtles during certain times of the year.

Why are sea turtles threatened?

Hawksbill and leatherback sea turtles are Critically Endangered, while green turtles are Endangered. The primary cause is over-harvesting by man for the shell, meat and eggs. Tortoiseshell jewelry is made from the hawksbill shell, while canned turtle soup was once made using green turtle meat.

Over the last century, sea turtle populations have significantly 14 | ANIMAL TALK | ISSUE 4

declined due to over-exploitation. Population recovery is an extremely slow process. It is estimated that only 1 in every 1,000 hatchlings will survive to adulthood, which is not reached until 25-30 years of age. It is only then that turtles can begin to reproduce. A large number of turtles are also accidentally caught and drowned in fishing nets and in longline fishing gear.

Nesting beaches are now also under threat. Beachfront developments, including sea walls, buildings, and boulders, limit the spaces available for nesting females to deposit their eggs. This forces the turtles to nest in sub-optimal areas of the beach where entire clutches may be washed away by high tides. Introduced animals such as mongooses, domestic dogs and cats also can dig into nests, eating eggs or hatchlings.

Why should anyone care if turtles become extinct?

Sea turtles all serve an important role as nutrient transporters.

They gather the nutrients they need at sea then come onto the beach to nest. When nutrient-rich eggs do not hatch or are eaten by land predators (crabs, etc.), these nutrients pass into land-based ecosystems. Each species also plays a specific role to protect our marine environment: • Hawksbill turtles help to keep coral reefs healthy by feeding on sea sponges which, if left unchecked, would overgrow and choke reefs.

• Green turtles graze on sea grasses making nutrient-rich new growth available to other grazing species such as the fish caught in the near-shore pot and net fisheries.

• Leatherback turtles help to keep pelagic fish populations healthy by controlling the abundance of jellyfish which, if left unchecked, would decimate populations of fish larvae.

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AT: The Barbados Sea Turtle Project, provides critical care to sea turtles in Barbados. Please visit www.barbadosseasturtle.org to learn more ISSUE 4 | ANIMAL TALK about their work.

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carib wild Barbuda Warbler

the rat population on the small Antiguan islands to which the AR was originally endemic was eradicated by the OICP and the AR was established. The population has grown from 50 to over 1100 and they have been reintroduced onto Rabbit, Green and York Islands and are now on 4 of 14 islands around Antigua.

Fast Facts:

Trail-blazing Animal Conservation:

Antigua Success Stories We’re always excited to learn about the animal conservation work being conducted by our sister islands. Read on to learn about these efforts for three special species of animals in Antigua.

By Julie-Ann Hinkson D.V.M., M.V.S. (Hons), from Antigua.

Hawksbill

The Jumby Bay Hawksbill Project, Antigua’s national sea creature program, began in 1987 and set the stage for increased awareness of species that needed to be monitored and protected.

Since then the Environment Awareness Group (EAG) and local and international animal conservation agencies in Antigua and Barbuda are showing by example how other Caribbean island agencies should approach endemic animal species conservation. In spite of modern world challenges, category 5 catastrophic hurricanes and local limited finances, 16 | ANIMAL TALK | ISSUE 4

Antigua still managed to focus successful conservation efforts on endemic species.

The Antiguan racer (AR) and Barbuda Warbler (BW) programmes are two animal conservation programmes we can learn from.

Snakes

SNAKE! SNAKE! To most Caribbean people that word conveys some level of fear but to The Antigua Racer Conservation Project (ARCP) and The Offshore Islands Conservation Programme (OICP) that word speaks of success. Before 1995, AR numbers were

unrecorded and the native population had been severely diminished to approximately 50 snakes by invasive non endemic species of mongooses and rats.

The AR was only found on Great Bird Island but through efforts of the EAG with intervention from Flora & Fauna International the ARCP was started in 1995 to assist Antiguans with technical and financial support.

The ARCP used education, conservation breeding, habitat restoration, local capacity building and applied research to improve population numbers. Eventually

1. Antiguan racer scientific name is Alsophis antiguae.

2. Gentle, non-venomous, non-constricting, harmless, rear-fanged snake.

3. Endemic to islands surrounding Antigua & Barbuda and often found moving around sandbars, rocky ridges and forest but prefers shady areas with logs and dense undergrowth.

4. Listed as critically endangered under IUCN Red List.

5. The pregnant female lays eggs (oviparous) and females are usually lighter in colour, have a larger head than males and look different (dimorphism).

6. Males get to about 1 meter and females get a little bigger.

7. Favourite food of the AR are lizards, swallowed whole, once a fortnight.

8. Their only defence is to emit a musky smell when frightened. Does this sound like a skunk!

9. Most of the AR alive have been implanted with microchips for security and to monitor their growth and survival.

Barbuda Warbler

The Barbuda warbler, also known as “The Christmas bird” is a perky grey and yellow treat on the eyes. The population of the BW before Hurricane Irma was estimated between 600 – 1700 mature pairs, 1000- 2500 individuals. It was classified as near threatened and the population was possibly decreasing. The BW was once thought to be the same species as the St. Lucian warbler and the Adelaide’s warbler but they have now been identified as a different species.

The results of this effort showed that the population declined significantly but they were abundant and widely distributed. Surveying by personnel from EAG and a multiagency team established that their feed source and habitat withstood the hurricane. As recently as 28th March – 2nd April 2019 a team surveying the BW population, habitat and feed sources verifying continued population growth and habitat recovery.

Fast Facts:

1. The Barbuda warbler scientific name is Setophaga subita.

2. Smart, little, alert energetic bird with a perky posture is known in Barbuda as the Christmas bird.

3. Listed as near threatened under IUCN Red List.

4. Favourite food for the BW are caterpillars and other insects.

5. The BW have negative interactions with yellow warbler and other migratory warblers.

6. Barbuda is the only home for the Barbuda warbler.

7. Barbuda warbler is found mainly in dry forest and dry scrub often in the company of migrant and resident yellow warblers.

These two ongoing multiagency programmes are yielding measurable results. Initial work was instituted by locals who successfully elicited international financial and technical support which, with sustained effort has produced programmes that continue to impact the indigenous animal populations. Good job Antigua, we can all follow your diligence for conservation across the region!

ABOUT THE AUTHOR Recognising the value, beauty, diversity and uniqueness of Caribbean animals and her childhood love for reading, veterinarian Dr. Julie-Ann Hinkson’s pursuit is to showcase Caribbean animals and their environment in an engaging, fun and educational way.

With more than 20 years’ experience working with animals, former Cochran Fellow and Caribvet member; Dr. Hinkson earned her Doctorate of Veterinary Medicine from the University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago, and her Masters in Veterinary Studies (in Pathology, Research and Diagnostic Techniques) from Massey University, New Zealand.

Eventually in 2011 Dr. Hinkson established EcoCaribé to gather factual, current, regional animal conservation and health information, and to showcase the good work of regional animal agencies to the largely unaware Caribbean population.

Conservation Sources: OICP – Offshore Islands Conservation Programme is to conserve indigenous and globally significant populations of flora and fauna of the offshore islands of Antigua & Barbuda.

EAG – Environment Awareness Group is a voluntary, not-for-profit, non-governmental organization to inform and empower to sustainably use and manage Antigua’s natural resources. IUCN – International Union for Conservation of Nature is the global authority on the status of the natural world and the measures needed to safeguard it.

On the 6th September 2017 Category 5 Hurricane Irma ravished Barbuda with 185 mph winds. The devastation was severe and caused evacuation of the island.

A monitoring effort was desperately needed to ensure that the numbers of the warbler were viable and thus a multiagency programme was put into place.

On 22nd September 2017 the BW was spotted in Barbuda dismissing fears among conservationists that the BW did not survive. By 15th – 21st October 2017 they were detected at multiple sites.

Antiguan EAG Racer

ISSUE 4 | ANIMAL TALK | 17

feathered friends

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> If you are in the tropical Caribbean, look up and you will see the soaring elegance of the Frigate bird

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FAST FACTS • Frigate birds are the only seabirds in which the male and female look strikingly different. Females may not have the males’ bright red pouch, but they are bigger than males.

• The breeding period of the Magnificent Frigate bird is exceptionally long. Males and females incubate the eggs for around 56 days, and once hatched, chicks don’t leave the nest until they are about 167 days old. Even after they leave the nest, females continue to feed them until they are one year old.

• The Magnificent Frigate bird spends most of its life flying effortlessly over the ocean. It rarely lands on the water even though it has webbed feet, because unlike other seabirds it lacks waterproof feathers.

Frigate Bird The

Written By Karen Stiell

Frigate Birds are found all over the Caribbean, Mexico and the coast of the southern United States, and can often be seen swooshing over beachgoers, especially in the late afternoon or early evening when the winds and thermals create perfect conditions for their aerial display.

Large, black, almost prehistoric looking, the Frigate bird soars easily on the tropical breezes, steering with its deeply forked tail, with barely a flap from its long elegant wings. If you are lucky to see one, during your evening walk on the beach then enjoy and marvel at this magnificent creature, but keep an eye on your fish or picnic; these birds have a nickname – “man-o-war bird” – they will try and steal your spoils as they are accustomed to harassing other birds until food is regurgitated for them to catch mid-flight. Once you hear the gulls and other seabirds complaining then you can be sure a “man-o-war bird” is near and in action.

The birds are about the size of a goose, and are black with 18 | ANIMAL TALK | ISSUE 4

of the Caribbean

• The frigate bird is sometimes called the “man-o-war bird” because it harasses other birds until they regurgitate recently captured food, which the frigate bird snatches in midair.

• Learning how to chase other birds and steal meals takes practice.

Young frigate birds hold sticks in their mouths and chase each other.

When one of them drops the stick, the other dives below to retrieve it.

• The oldest known Magnificent Frigate bird was at least 19 years, 9 months old when it was recaptured and rereleased in the Lesser Antilles during a scientific study. (cited https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/ Magnificent_Frigate bird/overview)

different chest markings identifying the birds sex. The males have a red pouch on their chest, and the females have a white chest. Fledglings have white flecks in their chest. Breeding males puff out their red pouch to attract females.

Dimensions are: Length: 35.0-44.9 in (89-114 cm) Weight: 35.3-67.0 oz (1000-1900 g) Wingspan: 85.4-88.2 in (217-224 cm) The birds have long, angular wings with a deeply forked tail that is often held closed in a point. The bill is long and sturdy with a prominently hooked tip.

If you are in the tropical Caribbean, look up and you will see the soaring elegance of the Frigate bird, riding high on the thermals, with a beady eye out for a quick, cheap meal from an unsuspecting lesser bird. This really is one of the most magnificent birds in our region.

Breeding Locations Jun-Aug Jun-Aug (scarce) Year-round Range map provided by Birds of the WorldExplore Maps ISSUE 4 | ANIMAL TALK | 19

CATS AS PETS

purrfect cats

The Maine Coon

KEEPING YOUR CATS SAFE:

With safety in mind, it’s a good idea to encourage your cat to remain indoors or close to home, especially if you live near a busy road. However, this is easier said than done as cats are naturally curious and love to hunt and explore. To keep them close, provide plenty of stimulation in the form of toys, climbing apparatus and make sure you have a scratching post to save your furniture.

Cats also need love and attention, so play and interact with them as much as possible.

Written By Gail J. Hunte

Make sure children don’t chase or handle them roughly (this is very important with kittens).

Maine Coons are gentle giants who weigh between 11 and 25 Ibs (the males are bigger than females). They take a few years to reach maturity, and are considered all grown up by three to four years old.

Be mindful of electrical cords and other hazardous household items that kittens may try to bite or play with.

Don’t expect to see many here in Barbados as they hail from New England (the States), in a place called, you guessed it, Maine.

They are very popular due to their loving and playful personalities and of course their size and are trainable and vocal which some people like.

Maine Coons have very distinctive fur that is ideal for colder climates and are extremely photogenic!

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The first published reference to a Maine Coon comes from 1861 and was about a black-and-white cat named Captain Jenks of the Horse Marines. A female Maine Coon was named Best Cat in 1895 at a cat show held in Madison Square Garden. In Boston and New York, the home-grown felines were popular exhibits at cat shows, and when the Cat Fanciers Association was formed in 1908, the fifth cat registered was a Maine Coon named Molly Bond. But the invasion of glamourous Persian and exotic Siamese cats from England around the turn of the century spelled the end of the Maine Coon’s popularity for about five decades. Things took a turn for the better in the 1960s, and the Maine Coon Breeders and Fanciers Association was formed in 1968. Today these big, beautiful cats are among the world’s most popular breeds.

But what really counts, of course, is that they are the official state cat of Maine. ­ — Cat Time

History:

20 | ANIMAL TALK | ISSUE 4

Beautiful and Majestic.

Maine Coons are just purrfect!

However, these cats have been around since the 19th Century as mousers, show cats and today as popular pets.

Health and Care:

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If you just cannot prevent your cat from going out at night, consider getting a collar that illuminates in the dark so that drivers can see it. Make sure it’s elasticated so that if it gets caught on anything your cat can free itself.

DIET:

Cats can be fussy eaters, so you may have to try different diets until you find one that meets their approval. You will know if the food agrees with them by their overall health (shiny coat, bright eyes, firm stools etc.). Because they are carnivores, they need a diet rich in meat protein. Kibble or tinned cat foods are fine. Other foods such as chicken breast or livers and salt free tinned tuna/sardines, are also okay occasionally. Remember that cats need access to fresh water daily so that they avoid kidney or urinary problems.

Written By Gail J. Hunte

.

NEUTER:

Cats are less inclined to roam once they have been neutered. This is because the need to find a mate is gone and they are also less territorial. A female cat can come into season several times in one year, so by neutering you will be greatly helping to reduce the number of cats on the island.

Fact: Cats are spontaneous ovulators.

This means a female can become pregnant just by mating with a male cat even if she wasn’t in heat to begin with. This is why cats are able to produce so many litters. Kittens reach puberty from five or six months and can become pregnant from there on.

AVOID ANY TYPE OF BONES.

in a place called Wiscasset. The clever cats proceeded to mate with short haired breeds and eventually, we have what today is known as the Maine Coon. Another theory is that the Maine Coon comes from the Siberian and the Norwegian Forest Cat.

How these cats came to be in America is a mystery with many theories. One such is that Marie Antoinette, former Queen of France (1793). Tried to escape France to avoid being executed.

She was helped by Captain Samuel Clough and when she boarded his ship she had her beloved Turkish Angora cats. Alas, the queen never made it to American shores but her cats did,

NIGHT-TIME CATS:

CATS MAKE WONDERFUL PETS AND HELP KEEP RODENTS AWAY.

They can have health issues such as hip dysplasia, polycystic kidney disease, spinal muscular atrophy and heart conditions.

To keep them in great health, they need to eat a well-balance diet of high protein foods, have some exercise and not become overweight. Grooming of the long silky fur is also important.

> FUN FACTS

• Maine Coon cats like water and enjoy playing in and with water • They are well known as mouser cats or hunters • They can be heard doing different kinds of vocalizations like trilling and chirping • Maine Coon cats are said to be the “dogs of the cat world” Source: mainecoon.org

If your cat is staying indoors, get a large shallow plastic container that your cat can get easily in and out off. Fill with cat litter (buy from the pet shop or supermarket), and you have a hygienic toilet for your cat. Clean regular with a cat scoop and dispose of responsibly.

Tips: Male cats that have been castrated will be less inclined to roam.

When introducing a new cat to the home, keep them in for at least 3 weeks before allowing them outside.

Cats and dogs meeting for the first time need supervision and dogs should be kept on a lead during those initial meets and greets.

If you can see the ribs, then your cat is underfed or may need worming.

WORMING CATS:

• Kittens 2 weeks - 3 months: Worm every 2 weeks • Kittens 3 months – 6 months: Worm once monthly.

• Kittens/cats 6 months +: Worm every 3 months Please follow the guidelines provided by your vet or the manufacturer on the dosage. *The precise frequency of a worm treatment for cats depends on likely exposure to tapeworms in particular (e.g., whether fleas are present and whether the cat hunts).

Fleas lay eggs so when treating your cat for fleas, ensure that their bedding and sleeping areas are also treated.

BUILD A CATIO:

A catio is a structure that you can install in your yard or verandah. It allows your cat to be outside but still safe as it is totally enclosed. Good examples can be found on the internet and you can make one yourself or hire a carpenter. Make sure it is large, so your cat can climb, run and play and that it can see out.

Please speak to your Vet or the Barbados RSPCA about vaccines and worming and other health-checks which are important to your cat’s long-term health.

To adopt a cat, you contact the RSPCA or Ocean Acres Animal Sanctuary.

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AT: Strongly recommends the spaying of females and the neutering of males to stop the over-population of cats in Barbados.

ISSUE 4 | ANIMAL TALK | 21

ask the vet

>

To Neuter or

Not to Neuter Dear Dr. Michelle Bell, I’m thinking of neutering my pet, but hear conflicting information.

Are there any benefits or side effects to consider?

Let’s begin by looking at the basic terminology...

Definition of spay: To remove the ovaries, and usually the uterus from a female animal.

Definition of neuter: When an animal is neutered, its reproductive organs are removed so that it cannot create babies.

Castration is the removal of the testicles from a male. Intact means the reproductive organs have not been removed, i.e. the pet has not been neutered.

The benefits of spaying: • Pregnancy prevention and the complications arising from pregnancy and delivery.

• It eliminates the heat cycle therefore preventing females from escaping to find a male and prevents unwelcomed males seeking the female in heat.

• It reduces the pet’s urgency to escape from home or roam. If they are less likely to roam this means it is less likely for you to lose your pet as they are less likely to contract a contagious disease, get in a fight, get injured or become a victim of cruelty by strangers, poison or vehicular traffic.

• Spaying eliminates sexual discomfort, distress, or distraction.

• Greatly reduces the possibility of disease in the reproductive system.

The benefits of castration: • It reduces the distracting and destructive behavior associated with the male’s 22 | ANIMAL TALK | ISSUE 4

effort to roam and find a mate.

• Reduces the male pet’s urge to roam which reduces the chances of your pet getting lost, getting into a fight, getting injured or being a victim of cruelty by strangers, poison or vehicular traffic.

• Eliminates sexual discomfort, distress, or distraction.

• Eliminates testicular tumors and greatly reduces the occurrence of prostate disease and peri-anal tumors and fistulas.

• Reduces territorial (urine) marking behavior and the urge to fight.

• Can reduce unwanted aggressive behavior.

Are there any disadvantages?

• Spayed female dogs are more likely to develop urinary incontinence than intact females.

• Neutered pets may gain weight easier but there is a major factor of inappropriate diet and exercise which can lead to unhealthy weight gain.

• Some cancers and conditions may have a link to pet’s neutered too early but other factors such as environment and genetics are large influences in the development of these conditions.

• Spaying and neutering require general anaesthesia which could pose a potential risk.

If you are thinking of spaying or neutering your pet, contact your veterinarian for their perspective on your individual situation as well as appropriate timing of spay/neuter surgery.

Vomiting and diarrhea are two of the most dreaded symptoms for the owner of a new puppy, and while these signs may not always be caused by Parvo, it is definitely worth a ‘trip to the vet’ to be certain.

COMMON MYTHS If I spay or neuter my pet, he/she will get fat and lazy.

Due to hormonal changes after being spayed or neutered, some pets will gain weight easier if fed the same amount as before being neutered. A reduction in calorie intake as well as appropriate daily exercise will prevent obesity.

It’s better to have one litter first.

There is no medical or psychological (wrt the pet) benefit to having a litter first before being spayed.

My dog will feel less of a male.

Dogs don’t have any concept of sexual identity or ego in the same way as humans.

Neutering a male dog will not change its basic personality.

My dog will not be as protective.

Spaying and neutering does not affect a dog’s natural instincts to protect its home and family.

It’s too expensive to spay or neuter my dog.

The surgery cost is a relatively small, one-time cost compared to all the benefits and lack of spending on all the other diseases and conditions that can come with intact pets. There are also organizations that provide discounted spaying and neutering for people who cannot afford the usual cost.

Ask the Vet a Question. animaltalkeditor@gmail.com

Written By Dr. Laura Hutchinson

& Panleukopenia DOGS

CATS

The canine parvovirus is a very contagious virus, with gastrointestinal signs and as stated, predominantly affects young dogs under one year old and especially those that have not been vaccinated or improperly vaccinated. The virus is quite resilient, and can resist destruction by many commonly used disinfectants and high temperatures, thus making it a ‘force to be reckoned with’. It has the potential to persist in the environment for months to years if it is in an area protected from sunlight or a thorough cleaning.

Feline Panleukopenia, is also a parvovirus, but this one is experienced in the feline (cat) family. Likewise, it is a highly contagious virus with signs predominantly seen in kittens, and this virus is also very persistent in the environment. Luckily, it is not diagnosed as often due to vaccination protocols which have helped to build ‘herd immunity’ among the cat population, although some cases can still be found among the wild and unvaccinated population.

The most common symptoms of parvovirus in a dog are loss of appetite, vomiting, lethargy, fever and diarrhea (that many times will become bloody) and this will lead to the animal becoming dehydrated and weak in a short space of time. Once the dog has started with vomit/ diarrhea it can rapidly deteriorate without veterinary care. As this is a virus and not a bacterial infection the dog will be treated with appropriate supportive therapy to assist its’ recovery, since antibiotics alone cannot control the infection.

Dogs become infected when they come into contact with stool or other body fluids from an infected animal, and this may be physical contact or something as simple as the owner tracking the ‘germs’ into the house on their shoes after walking in an area where an infected animal had previously been. In addition, pups will be asymptomatic for a few days and still spreading the infection in their environment, and can also still be considered ‘shedders’ for up to 10 days after full recovery from the infection.

Typically, a cat will contract the virus from exposure to any secretions, whether it be saliva, nasal discharge, or stool of an infected cat, and display symptoms within 2-7 days. Similar to the canine form, the symptoms are depression, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, dehydration and sometimes diarrhea.

As the name states, this infection attacks the cat’s white blood cells which weakens the immune system.

Some cats will be very sick for 5 days and recover, while others, especially very young kittens, will succumb to the infection quickly.

Due to their resilience, both Canine Parvovirus and Feline Panleukopenia are best protected against by keeping your new pet in a secure, clean environment until fully vaccinated.

In addition, thorough cleaning of their environment with a bleach solution, keeping your ‘outside’ shoes away from the pet, and not carrying the young pup or kitten outside of your yard, will go a long way in keeping them safe.

ISSUE 4 | ANIMAL TALK | 23

spotlight on

not even talk about the coronavirus that literally decided to ‘descend upon us’. I remember when I launched my business officially by March 7th, 2020, I had no idea and I mean 0 ideas that I would be on lockdown in my home by the next month and on a curfew of 8pm after. I had a lot of near misses when trying to get home and it even made me train at 7am on mornings.

Red Dog AT: Who is Red Dog besides being one of Barbados’s newest dog trainers?

Shanik, Shanika... the woman of many faces. I usually leave it up to people to formulate their own perspective of me. However, to answer based on my opinion alone, I can easily say I am a very focused, fun-loving, spontaneous and hardworking woman. Very assertive, positive and a full ambivert.

AT: How did you begin this journey into dog training?

I ventured into dog training in March 2020. I was sitting in my living room and had a eureka moment. In a frenzied state, I got my book, a pen and I started by drawing my logo and scribbling down random ideas, concepts, goals and strategies. Things kept coming to me hastily and I sat there the whole evening planning my business.

I grew up in Eden Lodge St Michael.

We lived in one of the units and my dad decided to utilize the backyard space and turn it into a full farm with rabbits, ducks, fish, chickens, dogs and everything else I brought home.

Everything back down to the colour hat I was going to wear in training.

AT: When did you start to love dogs?

My love for dogs started with my father’s dog. He had a big, black dog who really hated me till I gave him some chicken I sneaked from my brother’s plate. I knew from then that I wanted to get closer to him. I developed a real love for that dog and that grew into a passion.

My first real love and dog was “Shredder” a pit bull mix. I found him under a car, brought him home and managed to convince my mum to let him stay.

24 | ANIMAL TALK | ISSUE 4

This was born out of frustration as well. Not being able to find a proper job even though adequately schooled.

Needing to look for a better apartment to provide for my dogs and literally being tired of struggling to make ends meet.

I have a serious passion for dogs and a deep love for people. I wanted to create a space where I could share what I have learned through experiences and knowledge. I wanted to connect with people. Make them emote healthily, bring them joy all the while creating a balance of harmony and a deeper understanding of dog care.

Since then I can say I am still figuring out things as I go. I know now is the time for me to get an investor or a loan as the business is growing rapidly. I also don’t plan to stop at basic training.

Nothing about me is basic. I want to dive into protective training, agility, show, breeding and training dogs for therapy. I want to change the scope of dog care in Barbados.

One of Barbados’s newest dog trainers and a great ambassador for promoting dog welfare and care in Barbados.

AT: Any tips for persons now getting into dog training/grooming?

I would say to anyone that it is crucial to keep an open mind. In this job and field, you have to constantly evolve and humility is essential for survival.

AT: What are five basic things all dogs need?

Food, Water, Care, Stimulation, Shelter

AT: What advice would you give to anyone who wants to get a dog?

All dogs serve different purposes. Before anyone owns a dog, one should do adequate research. Any dog can make a good pet however you must know that dogs’ requirements so they can have the chance at the best life possible.

AT: Many people still tie dogs. What are your thoughts?

This is a heavy topic. We live in Barbados and circumstances get in the way sometimes. I had to tie my dogs for a period of 7 months and it was the hardest thing I ever had to do. It was for their safety so I can relate to many owners who face this issue. It’s really not good to judge. Unfortunately, many apartments and houses for rent do not allow animals.

I would say however that if you know you cannot get a dog because you will have to tie it. Please dont get a dog. It’s the worst kind of life for them. It breaks my heart.

AT: If you were a dog breed what breed would you be?

If I was a dog breed I would be a Rottweiler. The rottweiler breed is one of the smartest breeds I have had the honour of knowing. Handler sensitive, highly

intelligent, protective and loving. Perfect working breed. Though at 4ft 10” I guess I would make a good Jack Russell. LOL AT: Final words!

I’m 29 and I live with my two dogs. I am a lover of life and laughter. Full comic nerd, award-winning poet and writer, music enthusiast, lover of the arts and science, and knowledge seeker. My interests are as colourful as a rainbow and I am a hardcore horror fan. I spend a lot of my time alone but I have my random bouts of extroverted energy so everyone knows I am loud as ever and will dance at every single song that plays at an event.

I am super bubbly and spontaneous and overall an incredibly happy person. I love the colour yellow and the smell of rain.

I enjoy cooking and gardening and I am one of those types of people that gets crazy at Christmas. The only thing I love more than Christmas is my dogs.

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To contact Shanika about dog training or care, find her on instagram @reddogbb

AT: How challenging is the work you do?

This business is HARD. Everyone knows in the ‘dog world’ competition is fierce as it’s a niche. Knowledge is not easily shared. Everyone wants the absolute best and to be the absolute best to the point that they want to be the only one doing it. It’s also mainly male-dominated and if I am correct I am the only female black woman that is a dog trainer in Barbados in the millennial generation.

My greatest challenge is time. I cannot stress how little time I have and how overwhelming it can be. Because I do everything myself — the marketing, administration, planning, training, grooming, research, customer care, banking and still being available to answer queries and questions, my gosh it is rough! That along with having another business as well called Spindra Media and Marketing which I plan to relaunch soon.

I had my first entrepreneurial burnout literally 2 months in business. The demand was high and I was still figuring out prices, time, rates and how was I even going to get from a St. Lucy client to a St. Phillip for a 5pm appointment. It was chaos and I got really sick. And let’s ISSUE 4 | ANIMAL TALK | 25

children’s corner

QUIZ TIME!

The Swallow

Why do some Swallows Migrate?

That Got Left Behind!

Frog and Cat are best friends and every night, when the moon rises high, they go in search of adventures.

flight.” Frog who knew everything, replied.

Frog and cat were headed home after a night of adventure, when Frog hopped with excitement. “Listen. Can you hear them?”

“Let’s see what other animals are around before the sun comes out,” Cat purred.

“Hear what?” All Cat heard, was the wind whistling through the leaves.

“Listen and wait.” Frog croaked.

Cat swished her tail, but after a few minutes, her ears twitched to a warbling sound. The warbling grew so loud, Cat sat and put her paws over her ears.

“What’s happening?” She shouted.

“The swallows are migrating,” Frog looked up as the sky darkened with a thousand birds.

“Winter will soon be here, so the swallows are going to Africa, to keep warm,” Frog continued.

“How many miles is it to Africa?” Cat asked Frog.

“Ribbitt Ribbitt. At least two thousand miles,” Frog cried, as the swallows swooshed over their heads. “They’re such small birds. I’m surprised they can fly for so far.” Cat purred in admiration.

“They eat lots of insects before their migration, and this gives them energy for their long

“Like a plane taking in fuel, so it can fly to faraway places?” Cat meowed.

“Exactly,” croaked Frog.

Frog and Cat watched the swallows, until they disappeared over the horizon.

“Will they come back?” Cat meowed.

“Yes, they will return in the spring, to nest and raise their babies,” Frog croaked. “Let’s see what other animals are around before the sun comes out,” Cat purred.

Bats zoomed above their heads, and an owl hooted. Just then a warbling like the noise the swallows made, came from the barn.

“Did you hear that?” Cat meowed. “It’s like the warbling the swallows made.” “Yes, let’s go check it out,” Frog croaked, hopping to the barn.

Cat ran behind. “Wait for me,” she cried.

The warbling stopped, as they entered.

“Come out little swallow.” Frog croaked, looking up into the rafters.

The tiny swallow, came into view.

“Ribbitt Ribbbitt. Don’t be shy. Cat will not try to eat you. I promise,” Frog smiled. “Why are you in the barn, and not migrating to Africa?”

He croaked.

In our story, why can’t the Swallow fly?

Written by Gail J. Hunte There are over 80 types of Swallows: True or False?

“I broke my wing and I can’t fly anywhere.” The swallow tried to flap its broken wing.

“You can’t stay here in the barn for winter.

You will freeze.” Cat meowed. “Ribbitt Ribbitt.

Cat we need human help. Bring Jessica to the barn.”

Jessica was Cat’s human family, and once helped a field mouse escape the clutches of a kestrel. Cat ran back to the house to get her.

“I will telephone the bird sanctuary, and they will mend its wing.” Jessica’s mom explained.

“How soon can he fly?” Jessica frowned.

“It will take a few weeks to heal. So the swallow will have to stay at the sanctuary. I imagine they will keep it for the winter and release it next spring, to be with the other swallows when they return from their migration.”

Cat found Jessica in her bedroom just as she was getting up.

Frog smiled up at the swallow, but Cat, instincts taking over, began to stealthily climb and climb.

“Hello. You’re home early,” Jessica smiled, stroking Cats fur.

“Where do you think you’re going?” Frog croaked.

“Meow, Meow,” Cat ran to the stairs, meowing louder.

Cat, licked her paws in frustration as she reluctantly came down.

Jessica knew Cat wanted her to follow.

“See you in the spring,” Frog croaked, pushing Cat out of the barn and away from temptation.

“Mom, the cat wants us to follow her on another adventure,” Jessica shouted, clambering down the stairs behind Cat. “Coming!” Jessica’s mom said putting on her slippers.

Outside they followed Cat to the dim barn. At first, they couldn’t see anything...until! “Look mom, a swallow,” Jessica cried, jumping up and down, pointing.

Jessica’s mom shone her torch, and saw the swallow. “Oh dear, it looks like its wing is broken,” she sighed. “What shall we do?”

Jessica asked.

Word Search

Can you find all 10 of the hidden words?

Africa • Barn • Bedroom • Horizon • Migration • Pond Stairs • Swallow • Warbling • Wing

“The swallow, warbled with happiness as Jessie and her Mom gently collected it into a box to take to the bird sanctuary.

As the sun rose over the horizon, Frog went to sleep in his pond, and Cat went to sleep on the mat in the kitchen.

Frog slept until nightfall then went to get Cat for their next adventure.

The End

(From the Frog & Cat series of children’s stories)

Did You Know?

British swallows spend their winter in South Africa - they travel through western France, across the Pyrenees, down eastern Spain into Morocco and across the Sahara.

Source: Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB -UK) 26 | ANIMAL TALK | ISSUE 4

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Ocean Acres Animal Sanctuary

life at the sanctuary

Barbados’ newest animal sanctuary, Ocean Acres, is more than just a dog and cat shelter.

When people come to visit, they never want to leave and everyone stays longer than they intend to.

Visitors say it has a special magic.

Written By Karen Whittaker, Sanctuary Director at Ocean Acres

At Ocean Acres, myself and the team all work tirelessly to bring love, compassion, care and kindness into everything we do.

How You Can Help!

We’ll always try just a little bit more to save a life and we empathise and share the concerns of others who care about animals. This is why we educate, facilitate and champion those with no voice, whatever their species.

• We urgently need short-term foster homes for our dogs and cats where they can recuperate for 10 days after being neutered, somewhere that they can be looked after and comfortably recover from their surgery before returning to their pals at the sanctuary or being rehomed.

Barbados and its people need Ocean Acres just as much as the dogs and cats do. The number of stray dogs and feral cats is endemic, and it’s a societal issue. To counteract this, we aim to educate people on the proper care of domestic pets by going into communities with our outreach teams and lead by example. In order to do this, we need people to support our work and join with us. It’s a collaboration and we can all bring something.

We make everything around us as beautiful as it can be and we do our best to make a difference by being the difference. And we’ll always do everything we can to spread this far and wide.

Ocean Acres is a place of love, compassion, of friendship and kindness. The animals are our family. This extends to the family of people who care for them and make this wonderful place possible. It’s our intention to reach out to more and more people, with a diverse range of projects and initiatives, all centred around a wholesome theme of wellbeing and giving. We intend to show by example how to live in harmony with nature by striving for our eco certifications, with bee keeping, creating a pond, a memorial garden, a children’s play ground and picnic area, the cat and kitten sanctuary, therapy projects and meditation spaces.

• We love welcoming new volunteers; there are many areas where people can offer hands-on assistance and also enjoy the feel-good factor of spending time in a wonderful location with truly amazing animals.

• If you can open your heart and your home and adopt a dog or several dogs – please do. We need you to help them so that we can help more.

Ocean Acres changes lives.

Helping children overcome their fear of dogs We had a little girl come to Ocean Acres with her mother and she had never touched a dog before, and was fearful.

At the end of her visit, a gentle dog was eating from her hand and she was smiling – she also did not want to leave!

There is so much to do and we are excited to continue our work. We are blessed to have the opportunity to spend time with these wonderful animals and in such a gorgeous location. We will work tirelessly to make the most of these 4 acres of land, to serve the community and to improve the lives of the cats and dogs of Barbados. Our goal is also to put Ocean Acres firmly on the list of places to visit for locals and overseas visitors.

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• Our social media pages are a reflection of our day-today activities. Please share our pages and let other likeminded individuals know what we’re doing and what we have to offer and how they can get involved.

Chi-Chi is one of many kittens at Ocean Acres that’s in need of a loving home.

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Contact us: Tel: 1 (246) 262 4505 oceanacresanimalsanctuary@gmail.com Facebook/Instagram: @oceanacresanimalsanctuary ISSUE 4 | ANIMAL TALK | 29

life at the sanctuary

and goals. They are: I. Welfare & Rescue, II. Community Engagement & Advocacy, and III. Preventative Services.

Standing Up The Vincentian S.P.C.A.

for the Voiceless Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow.

Writen By Kiersten Anderson, Co-Founder & Current President, VSPCA The Vincentian Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (VSPCA) is the first non-profit animal welfare organisation incorporated in St. Vincent and the Grenadines.

Started in 2011 by a group of dedicated and passionate volunteers, who were tired of seeing non-human animals disregarded and disposed of like garbage in the country, the organization’s mission is to develop the infrastructure for the protection and rehabilitation of animals in need, promote public awareness and understanding of the proper care of animals, and to strengthen the human and animal bond.

This is accomplished through the VSPCA’s understanding that cruelty, neglect, abuse, and brutality towards animals does not happen in a vacuum, but rather is a part of a larger system of disassociation and violence towards other vulnerable groups; namely: elders, children, and spouses.

The organisation recognizes this well-researched link and has appealed to the Vincentian government and Royal

Police Force to aid in the efforts of addressing root causes of systemic suffering in the country and enforcing the Animal Protection Act of 1947 since inception 9 years ago.

Sadly, recognising that the issues surrounding violence towards animals takes a demonstrable backseat to government and law enforcement priorities, the VSPCA does not sit idle. The non- profit focuses on preventative measures to address rampant dog and cat overpopulation like spay/neuter/vaccination clinics and knows a kinder generation must be cultivated through humane education efforts. The small team also responds to requests for rescue and rehabilitation of animals in critical need, relying upon a few foster volunteers and the public to adopt well-matched and recovered animals. Vision 2025 was created at the start of 2020; it is a roadmap to address three pillars that, when upheld, will lead to progressive success of the VSPCA’s mission

As a volunteer-run group that is completely reliant upon donations and membership dues to carry out operations, the team is fueled by small - but significant - victories. One such example is a recent rescue of three worm-infested puppies discarded at the local gas/energy company, Vinlec’s Arnos Vale entrance - left for dead in a box on the side of a quiet road, intentionally driven and dumped. A founding member of the VSPCA’s leadership team, Leslie Barnard-Bayne, collected the puppies as soon as she could.

She described them as “mangey, pale, about eight weeks old, and friendly.” An experienced and lifelong rescuer, Barnard fostered them for a couple nights - worming, feeding, bathing, and cuddling them. All girls, all full of “love and gratitude” she said. Named: Nugget, Ring, and Coffee, they were given a full vet exam and vaccines and were prescribed treatment for ringworm and mange.

Nugget was spotted on the VSPCA’s Instagram account and adopted by a loving family who, coincidentally, also adopted one of the VSPCA’s first rescues - Coconut in 2012.

Keffon Williams, a longtime supporter of the VSPCA and adopter of both Coconut & Nugget reflects, “The VSPCA was just starting up… and the decision [to adopt Coconut] was an easy one as we had liked the idea and also wanted to promote the VSPCA to our friends and family. When we wanted to adopt another dog, we knew where to go, after Coconut has been such a wonderful dog to our family. My daughter and I visited [HQ] and we selected Nugget. I’m 100% behind the work of the VSPCA.” Ring & Coffee continue to heal, play, and wait for their loving forever homes.

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Nugget, Ring and Coffee - Vinlec Rescue Day

VSPCA Clinic Team

Jhanice Nelson, the VSPCA’s only full time employee, oversees the organization’s Humane Education programme and manages the headquarters location - where clinics are held, volunteers are welcomed, and recovering animals nurtured until ready for rehoming. She shares, “The VSPCA is slowly shifting Vincentian culture with hopes of a better future for animals by focusing on educating a new generation to have empathy, compassion, and respect for all living beings. We see this being primarily achieved through teaching in primary and pre-schools and engaging the public in community outreach.”

Every day our team wakes up to give the animals of SVG a voice and a platform to be heard and fought for. Though the organisation measures success through lives impacted, It is only effective due to the support of the Caribbean and global community’s generous donations.

After the devastating eruptions of the La Soufriere volcano on the island of the St. Vincent. The Vincentian SPCA received donations from around the region, including Barbados. Many animals were saved due to their incredible efforts. Visit their social media pages and website to learn more.

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Out & About with RSPCA Inspector Wayne Norville

Stretch feet without you.

PUTS YOUR DOG’S LIFE IN PERIL! “Morning Mr. Norville, come quick, come quick my dog just run in the yard and collapsed, he trembling bad, kicking and lots of froth coming from he mout!”

These were the words of a woman after she let her dog out for a ‘stretchfoot.’

When I arrived at the address she gave me, the dog was flat out barely breathing, with cuts and bruises from the kicking and paddling. Its claws were bleeding, it had bitten its tongue and that too was bleeding - it was poison alright. I quickly snatched the dog up, put it in the van and headed for the RSPCA Clinic.

This was one of the many calls I receive from dog owners who rather than put a leash on their dogs and take them for a walk, instead let them out of their yards to go and exercise on their own without any supervision.

Would you let your two-year-old child run off on its own without any supervision? No, you would not, so why allow your dog to do it?

A dog away from its owner is in the path of unknown danger. Your dog is not accustomed to being on the street, it’s not street wise so it can easily be struck by a car. There’s also the hidden danger of open wells, or slug bait put 32 | ANIMAL TALK | ISSUE 4

down by an avid gardener who saw one or two slugs in their garden. Your dog not knowing what it is, then goes and ingest the bait and unless treated, quickly can die.

Maybe your dog picks up the scent of a bitch in heat. He then ends up in a pack of other males with only one thing on their minds – mating! Every one of those dogs with their hormones raging wants to be the one to mate with that bitch.

Your dog too will immediately forget everything about you and home. His hormones are raging so he gets into the melee, not knowing how to fight. He‘s beaten badly and now has lacerations about his body, ears torn, punctures on his feet, but he is still not going home.

This goes on for days and he is not eating and very seldom drinking clean water. He’s getting weaker and weaker, until one day one of your neighbour calls you and asked you if this is the dog you were looking for two weeks ago.

Stretched out dead, a mere skeleton of what your dog used to look like.

HEED MY WORDS! The next time you want your dog to “get a stretch foot” put a leash on it and take it for a walk. This way both you and your dog can have a healthy, safe, bonding walk together.

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I

MY PETS

IMPORTANT:

Your dog should be neutered and licensed. It is illegal in Barbados for dogs to be wandering without their owner or handlers.

Things to be aware of: • Road fatality • Dog fights • Being poisoned • Your dog biting someone • Your dog becoming lost or stolen

By Ryan Inniss,

founder of the Marizayra’s Sanctuary, St. Phillip

I tend not to use the term “pet” because they’re more like my teammates! There’s no anger, disappointment or judgement when I’m in their company. That’s why I love them.

USEFUL NUMBERS VETS Animal Care Clinic Massiah Street, St John Boyce, Dr. Shelly A. Mullins, St. Peter Central Veterinary Clinic Lower Estate Complex, St George Clarke, Dr. Katherine Mt Standfast, St James Content Animal Clinic Content Plantation, St. Thomas Eastern Veterinary Clinic Sunbury, St Phillip Griffith, Dr. Derek L. V. Ashgrove Strathclyde Cres Trinity Animal Clinic Woodbourne, St Phillip Maitland, Dr. Rosina Carter’s Gap, Christ Church Northern Veterinary Clinic Speightown, St Peter Total Loving Care Brittons Hill Main Rd, St Michael Tull, Dr. Nicole Ealing Grove, Christ Church The Veterinary Clinic Graeme Hall Pk, Christ Church

423-1098 230-4222 436-3530 262-9838 438 7099 423-0493 426-4884 420-7894 428-2897 233-8681 427-3135 231-2546 437-0478

HORSE DENTIST Emily Kinch

233-4012

ANIMAL SHELTERS Barbados Sea Turtle Project HORSE Charity Ocean Acres Animal Sanctuary RSPCA RSPCA Emergency The Ark

230-0142 422-0400 262 4505 426-3077 426-3962 435-4108

BOARDING KENNELS

By Carolinna Lima I was always an animal advocate. Since my childhood, I would bring home dogs and cats that I found roaming on the streets, and I would love and care for them with the help of my parents. Many of these rescue dogs are so close to being broken, and I can’t explain the joy I feel when they heal, play, trust and wag their tail after probably a very long time. It’s incredible how they can still trust us and become the best life companion. And since I can’t have them all, I foster! I like to think that if we all do a bit of good, we can make a big difference.

Have you ever tried to foster? I can guarantee, most of the time they help us more than we help them.

Paws R Us RSPCA Woodbourne

836-1668 426-3077 420-1104

SPAY/NEUTERING OF DOGS K9 Friends Barbados

248 1552

PET TRANSPORTATION Pet Transportation

243-0420

ANIMAL CONTROL UNIT Animal Control Unit

536-3161 / 536-3162

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