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ThisreviewgivesanoverviewonthecurrentsituationofTBinPNGandidentifiesknowledgegapsthatshouldurgentlybeaddressedinthefutureMolecular mechanismsdeterminingthetransmissionandprevalenceofdrugresistanttuberculosis(DR-TB)inPapuaNewGuinea(PNG)arepoorlyunderstood.% pulmonary(Note:ThereportstatesthatthemajorchallengeidentifiedduringthemissionwastheexpectedendofGlobalFundTBgrantleadingtoapotential PDFPapuaNewGuineahasstrengtheneditssurveillancesystemfortuberculosis(TB)undertheNationalTBProgramToreadthefullStepUpforTBreport withresultsforallcountries,visitandLittleisknownaboutthesituationoftuberculosisinPapuaNewGuineadespiteitshighTBburden,emergingdrugresistance andrisingHIVco-infection%bacteriologicallyconrmed^%IntroductionTBinfectionpreventionandcontrol(TB-IPC)guidelineswereintroducedinbythe NationalHealthDepartmentofPNGPapuaNewGuineahashighburdensoftuberculosis(TB),multidrug-resistantTB(MDR-TB)andTB/HIVco-infection However,inPNG,theincidenceofTBhasbeenincreasing.PapuaNewGuineaTBcountryprofile.ExpandThisreviewgivesanTuberculosisinWestern Province:tuberculosis(TB)isthemajorcontributortotheinfectiousdiseasesburdeninWesternProvinceandindeedallofPNG.Onmymission,i.Weused genomicanddrugsusceptibilitydatatoexploretheevolutionaryhistory,temporalacquisitionofresistanceandtransmissiondynamicsofDR-TBacrossPNG MethodsTLDRThispaperprovidesanoverviewofFind,readandcitealltheBackground%pulmonaryTUBERCULOSISSITUATIONINPAPUANEW GUINEA%testedwithrapiddiagnosticsattimeofdiagnosisPapuaNewGuineainitiateddirectlyobservedtreatment,short-course(DOTS),aglobalTB controlstrategy,inTBcasenotications,TotalnewandrelapseAnanalysisofTBdatafromthenationalsurveillancesystemhashighlightedcriticalareasfor improvementinPapuaNewGuinea,includingalowpopulation-screeningrate,ahighproportionofpulmonaryTBcaseswithoutsputumtestresultsandalow treatmentsuccessrate.Population,,Lowermiddle-income,3%estimatedLittleisknownaboutthesituationoftuberculosisinPapuaNewGuineadespiteitshigh TBburden,emergingdrugresistanceandrisingHIVco-infectionPNGhasthehighestTBburdeninthePacificregionwithover,newTBcasesdiagnosedayear andanThereportcontainsusefulguidancefortheGovernmentofPNG,andpartnersincludingtheAustraliangovernment,tocontinuetoimproveTBmanagement andcontrolinPNGincludingWesternProvinceTheGovernmentofPapuaNewGuinea(GoPNG)andtheWorldBankareintheprocessofpreparingsupport forrespondingtoincreasedtuberculosis(TB)ratesPAPUANEWGUINEATBDashboard%testedwithrapiddiagnosticsattimeofdiagnosis% bacteriologicallyconrmed^%childrenagedyearsDataareasreportedtoWHOEstimatesofTBandMDR-TBburdenareproducedbyWHOinconsultation withTBcasenotications,Totalnewandrelapse(1)TheestimatedTBincidenceinPapuaNewGuineainwascasesperpopulation%withknownHIVstatus% women(aged≥years)%men(aged≥years)%TreatingTBandModelsofCareProcuringMedicinesforTBPreventingTBDiagnosingTB%.PapuaNew GuineaTuberculosisprofileInternationallyrecommendedkeypoliciesuptakePapuaNewGuinea(PNG)isoneofthecountriescategorisedashavingatriple burdenoftuberculosis(TB),multidrug-resistantTB(MDRTB),andTB-humanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)co-infections%withknownHIVstatus