TREE-mendous Fun

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Check It Out! Tree-mendous Cartoon Take a Walk in the Woods Make a Fall Forest Puzzles Animals Love Trees!

10 Terrific Facts Johnny Appleseed Tree-toons One Million Trees Cowboy Clark & Larry Tasting a Tree Woody Wonders Storytelling Trees No Two Are Alike Kids Corner and Ziggy’s Mail Zone Puzzle Solutions

Are there trees in your yard? Have they been there for a long time? If your trees could talk, what do you think they might tell you? Most trees live outside, so they may recall a big winter snowstorm. Trees depend on their root system to get water and nourishment. They appreciate the rain and the sun. If a tree’s leaves turn colors in the fall, and then fall off, it is a deciduous tree. If it looks similar to a Christmas tree, it is a conifer. Conifers are called evergreens because they stay green forever. Their leaves look like needles and don’t fall off.

If you don’t have a favorite tree, go outside and find one. It might be in your own backyard. Maybe it is one you enjoy climbing. Or perhaps it is one with a comfortable trunk to lean against as you sit and read. The most important thing about your tree is that it will always be there for you. Once you have found your tree, give it a big hug.

Then sit down and read this issue on Trees. Share some of your findings with your family and friends. Encourage each of them to find a tree that will be their friend.

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colored by Gaurakisora Tucker

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Take a Walk

Walking through a forest in the fall can be quite an adventure in color. You will see many trees with brilliant yellow, red, and orange leaves. The colors of leaves you see on the ground can help you identify the kinds of trees they came from. Maples have leaves of dark red. Sugar maples turn red and bright orange. Oak leaves turn red or brown. Birch trees turn yellow. All of these trees shed their leaves and are called deciduous trees. Deciduous means to fall down, and that’s what their leaves do.

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in the Woods

As you walk on through the woods, you may come upon green trees that look like the kind we decorate in our homes at Christmas. These trees are called evergreens because they remain green forever. They have very narrow leaves. These leaves are called needles because they look like the long, skinny needles we use for sewing.

Take a walk through the woods with your family and look for these many different trees. Explain the difference between deciduous and evergreen to them.

Then make a big pile of the leaves that have fallen. Be like a deciduous leaf. Taking a running start, leap, fall down in the leaves, and do it again. Have fun with your leaf leaping!

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a e k a M Make a

FF aa ll ll FF oo rr ee ss tt

Why do leaves CHANGE COLORS in the fall? During spring and summer, water and nutrients travel up tiny “tubes” inside a tree from the roots to the leaves. One name for these tubes is CAPILLARIES. Other tubes take food made in the leaves to all parts of a tree.

In the fall, the leaf stems of certain trees close off. The tree’s tubes can’t carry water and nutrients to or from the leaves. The GREEN COLOR in the leaves becomes weak, and the ORANGE AND YELLOW COLORS take over. These colors were in the leaves all the time, but the green color was so strong, they couldn’t be seen. The leaves of some kinds of trees turn bright red. In all these trees, the leaves dry out sooner or later, and they fall from the tree.

Here is how to make your own colorful fall forest in a very unusual way!

You Will Need:

• several paper towels • Scotch Tape • NON-PERMANENT black markers

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What You Do: 1. Draw simple stick trees on each of the paper towel panels. Start the trunks TWO INCHES from the bottom of the paper towel. Allow the ink to dry.

2. Put a stopper in the sink and fill it part-way with water.

3. Attach the paper towel to the faucet with the Scotch tape, letting the bottom edge of the towel hang in the water.

4. Wait a few minutes, and you will see colorful trees that were once black.

The Science Secret

When the paper towels were hanging in the sink, water CLIMBED UP the tiny tubes of air spaces in the paper towel. This is called CAPILLARITY. The color black is actually made up of many different colors. So, when the water traveled up the tree drawing and reached the black ink, the colors separated, giving you colorful trees.

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Find these hidden pictures:

Separate the Trees

tick beet cone snail acorn rabbit 3 birds 3 ducks tadpole 2 hearts elf head 2 worms 2 beetles mosquito mushroom 3 butterflies grasshopper

by Guy Belleranti

©Liz Ball www.hiddenpicturepuzzles.com

Deciduous trees have broad leaves and hard wood. They drop their leaves before cold or dry seasons. Coniferous trees (or conifers) have needles, soft wood, and keep their seeds in cones instead of in flowers.

They are usually evergreen, meaning they keep most of their needles year round.

Separate the 8 deciduous trees from the 8 conifer trees in the puzzle. FIRST, circle the deciduous trees listed in the TREE BOX. SECOND, write the remaining letters, in order, on the black lines. Look! You have spelled out the 8 conifers!

Deciduous Tree Box ASH BIRCH ELM POPLAR ASPEN CHERRY MAPLE OAK

by Heather Walker

HELP! I can’t find my way up the tree to the hole where I store nuts without crossing any lines.

Please draw a path starting at the arrow in front of me and ending at the arrow by my hole. And remember, I can’t cross any lines!

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8 conifers: __ __ __ __ __ __ __, __ __ __ __, __ __ __ __ __, __ __ __, __ __ __ __ __ __, __ __ __ __ __ __ __, __ __ __ __ __ __ __, __ __ __

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Trace the spaghetti lines to determine which tree goes with which clue.

by Evelyn B. Christensen

Spruce trees are beautiful evergreens.

They are frequently used for holiday decorations. Fill in the squares so that each row, column, and 6-square section has the letters S-P-R-U-C-E.

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BIRCH

world's tallest tree

BUCKEYE

named after its spring flower

CHESTNUT

known for its acorns

GINKGO

provides tasty treats for roasting

MAPLE

provides coconuts

OAK

its water-proof bark was used to make canoes

OLIVE

its fruit makes oil for cooking

PALM

often called "weeping"

SASSAFRAS

its "keys" are known as whirly-birds

SEQUOIA

oldest, unchanged trees, found in China

TULIP

represents OHIO STATE

WILLOW

has 3 different shaped leaves

by Donna Lugg Pape

Fill in the trees listed below in their correct spaces. Begin from the clue: BALSAM. FIR OAK ELM ASH BIRCH APPLE CEDAR

MAPLE POPLAR CHERRY REDWOOD HEMLOCK CHESTNUT

B A L S AM

For answers, leaf over to Page 30.

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Thousands of creatures spend most of their time on trees. They may have fur or feathers, slither or walk, or be large or tiny. Trees are places to: find and hide food, take shelter during bad weather, build nests and raise young, and sleep. Hollow trees make cozy hibernating areas. Animals even drink water that collects in leaves after it rains. And the list goes on!

Meet some interesting animals that just love trees.

South American HOATZINS eat almost nothing but leaves, which are hard to digest.

Luckily, they have several stomachs to do this work.

Unluckily, all this digesting makes the birds give out lots of very stinky belches.

We think of OPOSSUMS as land animals, but they’re just as comfortable up in a tree. Take a walk in the woods sometime.

You just may see one hanging onto a branch by its tail, nibbling on fruit, seeds, or insects. Opossums build their nests in hollowed-out trees.

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NeagoneFo/Shutterstock.com

FLYING DRAGONS are little rainforest lizards that never leave trees if they can help it. To get from one tree to another, they jump and spread membranes on both sides of their bodies.

They act like wings!

RED-EYED TREE FROGS look as if they’re always smiling. And why not? Their days are spent lying on sunny leaves high up in the rainforest. They feel safe there. At night, they climb down to look for insects. Those big red eyes help spot dinner in the dark.

Countless insects and arachnids live on trees. For creepy-crawlies, a tree’s leaves, nuts, and fruit are an all-day buffet! A tree is a spider’s favorite place to build a web. ZEBRA SPIDERS know this and hang out on tree bark. You see, they eat smaller spiders.

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“Here comes Johnny Appleseed.

Apple seeds are all he needs, Planting orchards on his way out West.

He wears a pot upon his head.

Folks say Johnny’s apples are the best."

Johnny Appleseed is a favorite American folk hero. His real name was John Chapman, and he was born in 1774 in Massachusetts.

As a young man, John learned about growing apple trees. For most of his life, he walked throughout Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and other states, carrying sacks of apple seeds. He planted orchards and brought apples to places that didn’t have them.

When pioneers came to those areas, John’s trees were waiting for them. John would sell his orchards to the settlers. He was always on the move, planting more orchards.

People thought John was a bit strange. He would dress in clothes that were practically rags. He went barefoot, even in winter. At times, he even wore a metal cooking pot on his head. That way, it wouldn’t take up room in his satchel while he was on his journeys!

John became famous in his lifetime. People nicknamed him “Johnny Appleseed” and told stories about him. He had walked his way right into American folklore.

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Nathanael Lark/Shutterstock.com

Beneath the trees he makes his bed.

“My dad was a Christmas tree, but I’m landscaping.”

by Joe Bore

“When they plant a rubber tree, what do they use for seeds? Rubber bands?”

by Joe Bore

“Someplace that has a lot of trees, please.”

“I dreamed last night that I was a giant toothpick.”

by Joe Bore

gleman

En

by Earl

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by Marsha L. Nelson • illustrated by Pamela Harden • colored by Gaurakisora Tucker In the spring of 1854, J. Sterling and Caroline Morton moved to Nebraska City, Nebraska. They came from the tree-filled state of Michigan. To them, Nebraska seemed like a barren landscape.

The young couple’s love of nature led them to begin planting trees on their new homesite.

J. Sterling became editor of the Nebraska City News. He knew about the importance of trees and shared his knowledge with his newspaper’s readers. Meanwhile, Caroline planted trees, designed orchards, and managed the family farm.

Mr. Morton had an idea. He asked the Nebraska State Board of Agriculture to establish a tree-planting day. The Board agreed, and on April 10, 1872, one million trees were planted throughout Nebraska! The people there were very enthusiastic about this first Arbor Day. An award of money was given to counties and individuals who planted the most trees.

The tree-planting tradition spread across the country. Today Arbor Day is celebrated as one of our national holidays on the last Friday in April. Some states have their own celebrations in different months, when it’s the best time to plant trees in their area. Many foreign countries observe such a holiday too. Mr. Morton once said, “Other holidays reflect upon the past. Arbor Day proposes for the future.”

People can still enjoy the orchards and gardens started by J. Sterling and Caroline in the Arbor Lodge State Historical Park & Mansion. More than 260 species of trees grow in this living monument near Nebraska City, Nebraska.

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“Whoa! Whoa! Whoa!” Larry stopped in his tracks. “Look up there, Cowboy Clark.”

Cowboy Clark followed his partner’s sightline. At the tippy top of a very tall dogwood tree sat Mrs. Whiskers.

“You OK?” Larry barked at her.

“She’s probably messing with the owl gang. Let’s get going to the park, buddy.”

Larry worried Mrs. Whiskers wouldn’t be able to make it down. “Yoo-hoo,” he barked.

“Can you hear me?”

Mrs. Whiskers washed her face.

“I think she’s signaling for help.” Before Cowboy Clark could tell him not to call out the cavalry, Larry took off. His bark was so high pitched, Cowboy Clark covered his ears.

Soon a group of people from the neighborhood gathered. Someone called the fire department.

The ladder on the firetruck extended, clicked into place, and extended higher and higher. Two firefighters climbed up, with everyone’s eyes on their every step. When they got to the top, Mrs. Whiskers wouldn’t allow them to grab her. Instead, she casually stepped onto the first firefighter’s shoulder and settled there.

All the way down, Mrs. Whiskers sat precariously, yet regally, on the firefighter’s jostling shoulder.

When they reached the bottom, she jumped down. The crowd cheered.

“What were you doing?” Larry asked.

“Enjoying the scenery.”

“More like waiting for the owl gang,” Cowboy Clark barked.

“Those pesky winged creatures do like the berries on that tree,” Mrs. Whiskers said. “I find it interesting that two-leggers call it a dogwood tree. Do you think that has something to do with its strong, obnoxious odor?”

Ignoring her slight, Cowboy Clark barked, “You caused a ruckus.”

“I think what you mean is that I was treated like royalty.” Tail high, Mrs. Whiskers began walking away, “All in all, it’s been a good day.”

Cowboy Clark snarled. He royally disliked thinking of Mrs. Whiskers as royalty.

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by Diane Winebar

H

ow do you taste a maple tree? Do you lick the bark or chew the leaves? No! To taste a maple tree, you collect the sap from inside the tree.

The sap from some trees can be made into delicious syrup. Native Americans knew this. They taught “sugarmaking” to the Europeans who settled in North America centuries ago. But how does thin clear sap become thick golden-brown syrup?

It all starts with the right kind of tree. Syrup can be made from the sap of different trees, but sugar maples are the perfect choice. These trees produce a lot of sweet sap, and the syrup made from this sap tastes very good. Other kinds of maples also have good sap for syrup.

Now we know the best trees to use, but we need to know something else. Is it time to go sugaring? You see, sap needs cycles of cold and warm temperatures to get it moving up and down inside a tree. When sap is moving, it’s easy for people to get it out. Sugar maples grow mostly in eastern Canada and the eastern United States. In late winter and early spring, the temperatures there rise to above freezing during the day. Then they fall to below freezing at night. This freeze and thaw cycle causes sap to flow from the trees. It’s ideal sugaring climate!

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So, we have the right kind of tree, and the weather is telling us that the sap is running. It’s time to “tap” the trees! Here’s how it’s done.

Step 1. A hole is drilled into the south-facing side of a tree. Sugarmakers know to drill the hole so that it slants slightly upward into the tree. Before power drills, people would just make a gash in the tree.

Sage drilling a hole into a tree

Step 2. Next, a spout, or spile, is gently hammered into the hole. A long time ago, people used pieces of bark shaped like a trough, or they carved spiles out of wood. Some sugarmakers still use wooden spiles!

Step 3. Now something is needed to collect the sticky liquid as it leaks out. Buckets with lids are hung from the spile hook. If there is no hook, a nail is pounded into the tree just above the hole. Then a bucket is hung from the nail.

Step 4. When enough sap is collected, it’s boiled down in a pot until most of the water is cooked away.

What’s left? A thick, sugary syrup! Many sugarmakers do this work outside over a wood fire or a gas grill.

Lupine tapping in a spile

Making real maple syrup is a slow process. It might take a few days to collect enough sap. About 20 gallons of sugar maple sap is needed to make a quart of syrup. That’s a lot of sap! Then it takes several hours for the sap to boil down. When the syrup is ready, it is strained to get rid of any dirt and then poured into bottles and jars. When the syrup has cooled, it’s ready to use!

What could be better than delicious maple syrup straight from nature?

Delicious!

sap dripping into the bucket

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There are about 3 trillion trees on Earth. That’s a 3 with 12 zeros behind it! Each tree species has something unique about it. Did you know that ponderosa pine bark smells like butterscotch? Or that bristlecone pines can live for thousands of years? Here are some more woody wonders.

The Smallest Tree Bonsai trees are trees that are trained to stay tiny. They are given extra special care and attention. Seedlings are planted in small pots and are continually pruned and shaped. This art form began in China centuries ago and is popular all over the world.

The Largest Tree The General Sherman is a giant sequoia. It’s not the tallest tree in the world, but it is known as the world’s largest. That’s because it has more than 2-1/2 million pounds of wood, as much weight as 600 Cadillacs! It is about 2500 years old and is in Sequoia National Park in California.

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Blue Corner Studio/Shutterstock.com

The Tree That Has Been on Earth the Longest Gingko trees are native to China.

They have been growing on Earth for over 200 million years and have changed very little. Impressions of gingko leaves are found in fossils from the time of dinosaurs.

The Widest Tree Awesome banyan trees not only grow upright – they also grow sideways. Banyans send down roots that look like trunks. These strong roots support the heavy tree. The world’s largest banyan has 350 main roots and over 3000 smaller ones. Its long, spreading branches can give shade to thousands of people!

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Crooked Forest This grove of pine trees was planted around 1930 in Poland. The oddly shaped pines are surrounded by straight pine trees. No one knows why they curve like this.

Dancing Forest These pine trees living in Russia are twisted into different shapes. They were planted in the 1960s. There is no explanation why they grew like this.

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by Micki Huysken

A Tlingit (CLING-it) Indian walks among cedar trees in the Alaskan forest. He finds a strong, straight tree that was growing long before his grandparents’ grandparents lived there. He marks its rough bark.

This is the first step in making a magnificent storytelling tree.

Long ago, totem poles were made to tell stories of battles or record tribal events. Shapes of bears, wolves, and other creatures were carved into the soft wood. Some carvings had human shapes.

Storytellers read the poles from top to bottom. They were read again and again, like a library of wooden stories. Totem poles still stand in Alaska and Washington. And pole carving continues in Ketchikan, Alaska, where Tlingit Indians live.

Once, a stone adze (an ax-like tool) brought down an 80-foot giant. Chainsaws do the work today.

Thick bark is stripped away, then knots are sanded smooth. The tree is ready for the master carver chosen by the tribe. Poles once took a year to carve. Now they can be completed in three months.

The carver chants to help his concentration and to keep a cutting rhythm. He learned the chant from his father, who learned it from his. Wood chips pepper the air. Paint is dabbed into pale wooden eyes. At one time, artists mixed salmon eggs with minerals to make bright-colored paints.

At last, the weary carver puts down his tools. A crane will lift the new pole. He remembers stories of his grandfather’s first pole raising. No cranes were used, just dozens of men holding tightly to ropes.

Their groans rippled like a chorus of bears. Drums and voices swelled like thunder when the pole rose. The old carver blinks away the memories. The crane’s steel arm is placing his new pole upright.

Visitors look up in awe. The mighty cedar is now a splendid totem pole.

Think about stories told by your parents and grandparents. If you put those stories on a totem pole, what would your storytelling tree look like?

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illustrations by Darlene Douthit Just like people, no two trees are EXACTLY alike. Do you want to see for yourself?

What You Need:

• a plant or a tree (Any will do, as long as it has lots of leaves.)

• sharp eyes • a magnifying glass (This would be better.)

What You Do

Pick any ONE leaf off the tree. Look at it carefully so you remember its size, shape, color, and everything about it you can. Put it aside.

Now look over as many leaves as you can on the tree. Try to find one that you think EXACTLY MATCHES the one you studied. When you have chosen one, pick it off and CAREFULLY compare it with the one you first chose.

You will find SOMETHING different about it!

The Science Secret The secret is simple. NO two leaves are exactly alike. If they are the same shape, they will be different sizes. If they are the same size, one will be a slightly different color. If they are the same color, one will have its lines (veins) in different places.

You may have to look VERY carefully to find the differences because some leaves look very much alike. But keep looking. You can ALWAYS find something different.

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Mystery Picture Puzzle on page 12

Tree Fill-in on page 13

Separate the Trees on page 12

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8 conifers: REDWOOD, PINE, CEDAR, FIR, SPRUCE, CYPRESS, HEMLOCK, YEW

Spaghetti Tree on page 13 BIRCH – water-proof bark, BUCKEYE – represents Ohio State, CHESTNUT – tasty treats for roasting, GINKGO – oldest unchanged trees, MAPLE – whirly birds, OAK – known for acorns, OLIVE – oil for cooking, PALM – provides coconuts, SASSAFRAS – three different shaped leaves, SEQUOIA – world’s tallest trees, TULIP – named after its spring flower, WILLOW – often called “weeping”

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Squirrel Fun on page 12

Spruce Sudoku on page 13 R

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Photo Credits: Hoatzin: Kate from UK [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons 14 (top); Salticus scenicus (zebra spider): Fotonfänger [CC BY-SA 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons 15 (bottom); Courtesy of Rachel Wolf, lusaorganics.typepad.com/ clean 22, 23; General Sherman tree: Jim Bahn [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons 24 (bottom); Crooked Forest Poland: Rzuwig [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons 26 (top); Dancing Forest Russia: Man77 [CC BY-SA 4.0] via Wikimedia Commons 26 (bottom); Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library & Museum (ALPLM), Back Cover.

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V i s i t U s O n l i n e ! F a c e b o o k . c o m / F u n F o r K i d z • w w w. F u n F o r K i d z . c o m Vol 21 No 5 • SEPT/OCT 2022 Publisher: Thomas M. Edwards Editor: Marilyn Edwards Associate Editor: Diane Winebar Graphic Design: Gaurakisora Tucker Marketing Director: Jonathan Edwards Circulation Manager: Mark Studer Science Editor: Larry White Science Illustrator: Alan Wassilak Cowboy Clark & Larry Editor: Lisa Rehfuss Cover Artist: Chris Sabatino

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