Wing Venation in Taxonomic System of Lappet Moths ( Lepidoptera : Lasiocampidae ) 1. Synopsis
R1
Wings venation of
R2
Weberolegra
R3
weberi (Tams, 1929)
R4 R5
Modern taxonomic system of the Lasiocampidae family is based on Olaf Christopher Aurivillius publication in 14th volume of well known Seitz’ Macrolepidoptera of the World back in 1927. He distinguished seven subfamilies basing on hindwing humeral cell size and veins location. No complex wing venation analysis has been done ever since, although even the latest system update in 2012 based on ef-1α analysis by Zolotuhin with co-authors evolves Aurivillius hypothesis. Regardless modern accessibility to various DNA analyses, reconstruction of taxonomic system based only on sequences considered to be questionable .
2. Cladistic analysis of selected venations Forewing characters: 1. R2 stalked with R3: (0) no, (1) yes. 2. R3 stalked with R4: (0) no, (1) yes. 3. R4 stalked with R5: (0) no, (1) yes. 4. R5 stalked with M1: (0) no, (1) yes. 5. CuP: (0) absent, (1) fold or well developed vein. 6. 1A and 2A: (0) fused completely, (1) separated basally. 7. R-Cu cell: (0) opened, (1) closed.
M1
Sc
M2 Cu
R+
l l e c
M3 CuA1
CuA2
h h
1A+2A
h h
Sc+R1
Many morphological characters that may help to set limits of subfamilies and included tribes stay poorly and selectively studied and so to start the venation of wings has been chosen as historically significant character underlying modern subfamilies system.
h cell
R+
Rs
Cu
cell
M1 M2 M3
96. Leipoxais lipophemisma
1 2 1 0
Wings venation of Oberthueria formosibia Matsumura, 1927
59. Trabala sp.
11 1
84. Odonestis pruni
14. Streblote sp. 12 3 4 0 69. Lechriolepis ochraceola 1 0 8 10 11 8. Chionopsyche montana 2 0 0 5 11. Lasiocampa quercus 0 11 3
43. Gastroplakaeis rufescens 13 0
38. Cosmotriche lobulina 8 1 11 1
Analysis was performed in Asado ver. 1.61, on the right is the favoured tree out of 17 resultant ones.
CuA1
3A
1 cm
79. Stenophatna marshalli
Hindwing characters: 8. Humeral veins number: (0) absent, (1) one, (2) two and more. 9. Humeral veins length: (0) short, don’t reach costal margin; (1) long, reach costal margin, at least one if several. 10. Sc and R1: (0) separate, don’t form humeral cell, (1) fused, form humeral cell. 11. Humeral cell length: (0) 0; (1) 0 to 1,4 mm; (2) 1,5 to 2,9 mm; (3) 3 mm and bigger. 12. R-Cu cell: (0) opened, (1) closed. 13. CuP: (0) absent, (1) pronounced or well developed.
CuP
h
Oberthueria formosibia (Outgroup) 7 11 13 1. Chondrostega sp. 0 0 0 11 76. Gastropacha quercifolia 3
1A+2A CuP CuA2
4. Poecilocampa populi 4 5. Bombycomorpha pallida 1 9 7. Macromphalia sp. 1 10. Eriogaster lanestris 8 3. Mesocelis monticola 12 0 8 9. Malacosoma castrense 0 7 2 0 6 13 6. Haplopacha sp. 1 1
3. All studied venations arranged accordingly to Zolotuhin, 2012, with corrections i. Chondrosteginae i.i. Chondrostegini
2
1
ii. Poecilocampinae ii.i. Poecilocampini
4
3
iii. Chionopsychinae iii.i. Chionopsychini
5
ii.ii. Macromphaliini
6
7
iv. Malacosominae iv.i. Malacosomini
11
14
13
18
15
12
16
v. Lasiocampinae v.i. Lachneini
9
8
v. Lasiocampinae v.ii. Lasiocampini (= Macrothylaciini, = Pinarini)
10
24
25
26
27
28
29
19
21
20
23
22
17
31
30
34
33
32
36
35
37
v. Lasiocampinae. v.iii. Selenepherini
40
38
41
42
39
45
44
43
v. Lasiocampinae. v.iv. Trabaliini
60
59
68
69
61
70
62
71
48
47
46
49
72
64
73
65
67
66
74
75
76
77
80
81
52
53
50
55
54
57
56
58
v. Lasiocampinae. v.vi. Odonestini (= Argudini)
v. Lasiocampinae. v.v. Gastropachini
63
51
79
78
82 1 cm
84
86
85
83
94 93
87
95
96
88
97
90
89
98
99
92
91
100
101
1. Chondrostega sp. 2. Gen. sp. 3. Mesocelis monticola 4. Poecilocampa populi 5. Bombycomorpha pallida 6. Haplopacha sp. 7. Macromphalia sp. 8. Chionopsyche montana 9. Malacosoma castrense 10. Eriogaster lanestris 11. Lasiocampa quercus 12. Macrothylacia rubi 13. Pinara obliqua 14. Streblote sp. 15. Stoermeriana distinguenda 16. Pachypasa otus 17. Lebeda nobilis 18. Hecata splendens 19. Selena vesta 20. Cheligium lineatum 21. Euwallengrenia reducta 22. Gufria limosa 23. Pallastica meloui 24. Ptyssophlebia discocellularis 25. Odontocheilopteryx politzari 26. Odontocheilopteryx malagassy 27. Sena prompta 28. Beralade perobliqua 29. Syrastrenopsis inthanonensis 30. Lajonquierea falcifer 31. Suana concolor 32. Kunugia undans 33. Metanastria hyrtaca 34. Pyrosis borneana 35. Bufoidia ledereri 36. Bufoidia sp. 37. Paralebeda plagifera 38. Cosmotriche lobulina 39. Euthrix laeta 40.“Napta” straminea 41. Gonometa podocarpi 42. Hypotrabala argenteoguttata 43. Gastroplakaeis rufescens 44. Gonotrichidia capreolus 45. Grammodora nigrolineata 46. Pachymetana sp. 47. Pseudometa choba 48.“Anadiasa” pseudometoides 49. Leptometa matuta 50. Pseudoborocera sp. 51. Anadiasa affinis 52. Diapalpus sp. 53.Weirdonia balia 54. Anchirithra insignis 55. Ochanella hova 56.Voracia casuariniphaga 57. Chrysium mesembrinus 58. Diaphoromorpha tamsi 59. Trabala sp. 60. Crinocraspeda torrida 61. Argonestis flammans 62. Chonopla modulata 63.“Trabala” charon 64. Cymatopacha obscura 65. Eucraera gemmata 66. Lechriolepis pratti 67. Lechriolepis itremensis 68. Lechriolepis stupffii 69. Lechriolepis ochraceola 70. Chrysopsyche mirifica 71. Chrysopsyche imparilis 72.“Craspia” igneotincta 73. Metajana marshalli 74. Philotherma brunnea 75. Trichopisthia monteiroi 76. Gastropacha quercifolia 77. Phyllodesma ilicifolia 78.Weberolegra weberi 79. Stenophatna marshalli 80. Theophasida cardinalli 81. Typhonoya longipennis 82. Typhonoya sp. 83. Rhynchobombyx nasuta 84. Odonestis pruni 85. Odonestis erectilinea 86. Pararguda sp. 87. Arguda vinata 88. Kosala flavosignata 89. Takanea diehli 90. Hallicarnia albipectus 91. Odontocraspis hazora 92. Syrastrena sinensis 93. Radhica elisabethae 94. Bharetta cinnamonea 95. Entometa guerinii 96. Leipoxais lipophemisma 97. Leipoxais acharis 98. Hapsimachogonia hapsimachus 99. Soligena juna 100. Odontopacha fenestrata 101. Ammacosola simplex