ASU Health Services Building Analysis Project

A S U H E A LT H S ERVI C ES

Building analysis by Rachel Friedman and Melissa Rizvanovic

A S U H E A LT H S E R V I C E S Tempe, Arizona

Lake|Flato Architects

Building analysis by Rachel Friedman and Melissa Rizvanovic Arch 341, Fall 2019 Lab instructor: Stacey White

Cover image: Bill Timmerman

TA B L E O F C ON TE N TS 1_Project Summary 2_Place 3_Form and Assemblies 4_Perception and Performance 5_References

1_P R OJ E C T S U M M ARY

PROJECT DATA Location: Tempe, Arizona Year of completed construction: 2012 Total area: 34,500 sq ft Total construction cost: $10 million Certifications: LEED Platinum

TEAM Client: Arizona State University- Kenneth Taylor Architect: Lake|Flato Architects Landscape: Ten Eyck Landscape Architects Structure: Caruso Turley Scott MEP: Van Boerum & Frank Associates, Inc. Civil: Evans, Kuhn & Associates General Contractor: Okland Construction

1.1 Approach to entry Photo: Bill Timmerman

ARC H ITEC T PR O F I L E With over 50 architects, 42 LEED-accredited professionals, and sustainability managers, Lake|Flato has the scale and expertise to collaborate with their clients and consultants.1 By dividing their projects among six teams, each led by a partner, they have created a comprehensive but intimate design approach that nurtures projects from conception to completion.

Lake|Flato’s architecture is anchored by a sense of place, blurring the lines between outdoor and indoor and between landscape design and architectural design. By utilizing massing, orientation, and local materials, the firm creates authentic, environmentally responsible projects that are designed within the context of their surroundings. For example, by using overhanging roofs, they can reduce sunlight directed toward windows and can collect solar energy and rainwater. Their designs for courtyards and outdoor rooms are integral to design, as their projects are consistently grounded in the site’s surroundings. Lake|Flato has been designing “sustainable” buildings since 1984, well before anyone coined the word. They strive to make every project timeless, intimate, practical, and beautiful.

Lake|Flato is a community of architects and teachers focused on educating and advocating through mentorship, professional development, design excellence, and local involvement. They are people who work together to design for our global community, making the most of each person’s passion and perspective to create a whole greater than the sum of its parts.

1.2 (l) UTHSC SCHOOL OF NURSING, 2001: recycled material, reduced energy and water use for health Photo: Paul Hester

1.3 (r) AUSTIN CENTRAL LIBRARY, 2017: active daylit public library with 6-story atrium Photo: Nic Lehoux, Casey Dunn, Andrea Calo, Lara Swimmer

1.4 Knox College Whitcomb Art Center, 2017: creates unity through daylight and landscaped courtyard Photo: Lara Swimmer & Andrew Pogue

PR OJ ECT BAC K G R O U N D A N D DE SI G N PR O CE SS Lake|Flato’s design process emphasizes sustainable strategies, strong project management, and integrated modeling, construction and operations, simultaneously prioritizing human and environmental needs. During the initial sustainability charrette the design team, owner, user groups, student representatives, and consultants established the goal of meeting the 2012 target for the 2030 Challenge. Through an integrated process, a series of incremental efforts including the elimination of thermal bridging, increased thermal barriers, highefficiency mechanical systems, strategically located and high-performance glazing, and effective daylighting contributes to the building’s 49% energy reduction below ASHRAE 90.1-2007.2 The ASU Health and Wellness Center is an adaptive reuse project that transformed the existing inefficient and underperforming health clinic into an efficient, welcoming, and vibrant facility. The health center’s sustainable design is certified LEED Platinum. The new facility is designed with a sense of health and wellness that utilizes Tempe’s natural environment to its benefit and contributes to a more cohesive pedestrian-oriented campus with increased activity with the historic Palm Walk.

“Though there are often a number of hands ‘touching’ a project, their clear design philosophy allows Lake|Flato to maintain a highly consistent design quality.”

-Peter Bohlin, FAIA Principal, Bohlin Cywinski Jackson3

1.5 Design process: analyzing site and context to synthsize an integrated design Lake|Flato Architects

Massing Model scale: 1/64” = 1’-0”

MA SS ING AND C O N F I G U R AT I ON

Floorplans

Section

0’ 8’

0’ 4’

16’

32’

Composite diagram

GRA PHIC SUM M A RY

Glazing

Daylighting GSEducationalVersion

Program & Assembly

Lobby / Circulation

Pharmacy

Special Medical Service

Staff / Administration

Storage / Mechanical

Physical Therapy

Health & Wellbeing / Urgentcare

Thermal & Ventilation Systems

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Structure

Circulation

Envelope

Egress & Fire Life Safety GSEducationalVersion

2_P L A C E SANITARY LANDFILL

ENERGY SOLARENERGY

WASTE "ZEROSOIL WASTE"

PHOTOVOLTAIC INSTALLATION SEWAGE

ON-SITE WASTE MANAGEMENT

NATURALGAS VARIABLEAIR VOLUME SYSTEM

SITE

TRASH

FARMS

RECYCLING, REPURPOSING, REUSING, COMPOSTING

RAINWATER HARVESTING

STORMWATER PUBILC ARBORETUM

WATER GSEducationalVersion

RE GIO NAL RE S O U R C E S Housing Arizona’s largest public arboretum, ASU’s campus stress water conservation and management as well as visitor education and promotion of conservation policies. Reduction of indoor potable water use by 29% is accomplished via 0.5 gpm fixtures. Careful species selection and landscape and irrigation strategies reduce potable irrigation water by 76%. Stormwater is utilized onsite or on the alumni lawn (near the Health Services Building). Subsurfaces cisterns with attached rain chains preserve 138 cubic feet of roof-harvested rainwater, which is used to irrigate the landscape’s native vegetation.4

0’ 8’

32’

N

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2.1 Aerial view of East University Drive Photo: Google

0’

204’

510’

1020’

CO NTEXT The Health Services Building is located adjacent to the East University drive and along one of the University of Arizona main pedestrian walkways. Through the deinstitutionalization of the health services facility, Lake|Flato naturally integrated the renovated facility into the fabric of the campus. Most notably, the design activates the historic Palm Walk, the campus’s main pedestrian spine by way of a new entry pavilion and the replacement of 10,000 square feet of turf grass for native landscaping.5 This renovation’s new entry pavilion is located at the intersection of a pedestrian bridge, the Palm Walk, residential core, and the campus’s main city street with several bus stops and light rail nearby. This, in turn, contributes to a more accessible health services facility and a more walkable campus.

CLIMAT E ANA LY S I S A N D R E S PO NSE

Lake|Flato Architects conducted several thorough site and climate analyses in order to curate passive design strategies to effectively lower building’s thermal loads. From these analyses, they established the center of the building for the private clinics and offices to stem off from radially along the south and west facades in order to minimize glazing along those orientations. Through the utilization of sunshades in their design, Lake|Flato harnessed the duality of providing privacy and minimizing thermal loads for the examination rooms. The design strategically minimizes glazing on the east side whose walls are beefed-up with rigid insulation and green screens for additional thermal protection along that facade.

The design then loads the glazing onto the south and north side of the waiting room bays–effectively taking advantage of the self-shading effect from the adjacent bays and their broad roof overhangs. This combination of orientation and overhangs, in turn, protects the south facing glass and provides generous daylighting and direct access to the exterior waiting gardens. Overall, the project achieves inhabitable outdoor spaces despite Tempe’s intense sun by creating thoughtfully crafted shaded and sheltered reprieves from the heat and sunlight. They are, in turn, well-utilized and well-loved by the building’s inhabitants. This building is tailored to Tempe’s beautiful yet harsh climate and makes the building’s potential weaknesses its strengths.

3_FOR M A N D A S SE MBLIE S

Lobby / Circulation

Pharmacy

Special Medical Service

Staff / Administration

Storage / Mechanical

Physical Therapy

Health & Wellbeing / Urgentcare

PR OG RAM GSEducationalVersion

This building houses health services (inclusive of basic health, women’s health, chiropractic, and acupuncture) for a campus of 60,000 students. A two-story, 14,000 square-foot wing was deconstructed and renovated, providing a new two-story 20,000 square-foot addition for acute care services.6 This reduced the building’s footprint by 20 percent and preserved 5000 square feet of green space, increasing the facility’s efficiency and improving the patient experience. For example, adding lab functions to exam rooms cut wait times by an average of nearly 50 minutes.6 The renovated and relocated east side building entrance accommodates the main pedestrian flow, and the interior public circulation is along the east side of the lobby parallel to the Palm Walk. Intermittent two-story bays provide waiting areas for patients. Adjacent and connected landscaped courts provide outdoor waiting areas, enabling well patients to sequester themselves from the sick patients.

3.1 Lobby

Photo: Bill Timmerman

3.2 Health & Wellbeing Photo: Bill Timmerman

3.3 Reception

Photo: Bill Timmerman

STRU CTURE The existing building is a concrete construction and the health services facility renovation is a steel frame design. Trusses are utilized to span large spaces toward the west facade for the space designated for health and wellbeing and urgent care use. Shear walls are used to help resist lateral loads. All loads are transferred to the ground by means of structural columns throughout the building. The building is supported by a concrete slab foundation with concrete footings to support major structural loads.

3.4 Beam and decking detail Photo: Bill Timmerman

“We took that project from good to great by continuing to ask questions, push the envelope, and connect with the client, ASU, in new ways.�

-Andrew Herdeg, FAIA, of Lake|Flato7

Recycled composite wood shading screens

ENVE LOPE: R E C Y C L E D C O M PO SI TE WO O D SCR E E N Exterior design elements include brick, weathered steel, stained concrete, and natural metal, incorporating local materials that are heat tolerant. Recycled composite wood comprises the overhangs and screens, preserving and protecting the glazing and the building envelopes. Acting as armatures for vines, the screens further integrate building and environment, beautifying the building and absorbing radiant heat.

3.5 Recycled composite wood screen Photo: Bill Timmerman

Low-e glazing

EN VE LOPE: G L A S S C U RTA I N WAL L In the renovation of the existing wing, the original single-glazed windows were replaced with low-E glazing.8 Curtain walls are utilized on the east side of the building in order to draw in visitors from the historic Palm Walk into the entry pavilion. In order to minimize sun exposure to the east facade, sun shading through roof overhangs and composite wood screens are used in conjunction. The curtain walls enable those in the waiting rooms to look out onto the campus’s Palm Walk and native landscaping and feel unconfined and connected to nature while they wait.

3.6-3.7 Glass curtain wall: exterior and interior views Photos: Bill Timmerman

4_PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE

EN ER GY AND D AY L I G H T I N G PE R FO R MANCE Massing, siting, and orientation are critical design elements in hot, sunny Arizona. Design elements include the placement of clinics and offices--with vertical sunshades–along the south and west and the incorporation of broad overhanging roofs to provide natural shade. East-facing exterior walls require screens and 1.5 inches of rigid insulation. Low-e insulated window glazing was utilized. Passive strategies were used whenever feasible, reducing energy loads. By using high-efficiency mechanical systems, high-performance glazing, and improved barriers to radiant energy, the building reduces energy consumption by nearly 50 percent. An on-site photovoltaic array offsets 39 percent of the project’s energy costs. An additional 35% is offset by renewable energy certificates.9

Energy Model

Daylight Model

TH ER MAL AN D V E N T I L AT I O N S YSTE MS An air-based mechanical system rapidly adapts to keep visitors comfortable. The natural gas cogeneration utilizes a variable air volume system for heating and cooling. As a results of these systems, predicted energy use intensity should outperform the 2030 Challenge target.

4.1 Lobby/ waiting area showing HVAC in ceiling Photos: Bill Timmerman

CIRC ULAT IO N The Lake Flato design’s circulation effectively integrates the circulation of the existing structure seamlessly and makes the vertical circulation a centerpiece rather than hiding it away. This circulation makes the waiting areas feel active and provides and easy-to-use and accessible central area for nurses and medical practitioners.

4.3 Lobby

Photo: Bill Timmerman

4.3 Health and wellbeing reception and exam rooms Photo: Bill Timmerman

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EG RE SS AND F I R E L I F E S A F E TY By way of two means of egress, occupants can safely exit the health services facility in case of a fire. The egress stairs on the southeast corner of the facility is actually outdoors and somewhat disguised as a waiting room bay from afar. The other means of egress is enclosed within the northwest corner of the facility and is separate from the building in case of smoke from a fire.

4.4 Fire-rated stairs for egress outside building Photos: Bill Timmerman

5_RE F E R E N C E S

NOTES 1. Lake|Flato Architects. “Our People.” Accessed December 9, 2019. https://www.lakeflato.com/vision/our-people.

2. The American Institute of Architects. “Arizona State University Student Health Services.” Accessed December 9, 2019. https://www.aiatopten.org/node/328.

3. Bohlin, Peter. “Our Process.” Accessed December 9, 2019. https://www.lakeflato.com/vision/our-process.

4. The American Institute of Architects. “Arizona State University Student Health Services.” Accessed December 9, 2019. https://www.aiatopten.org/node/328.

5. The American Institute of Architects. “Arizona State University Student Health Services.” Accessed December 9, 2019. https://www.aiatopten.org/node/328.

6. O’Connell, Kim A, Katie Weeks, and Annie Milewski. “2014 AIA COTE Top Ten Winner: Arizona State University Student Health Services Building.” Accessed December 9, 2019. https://www.architectmagazine.com/design/2014-aia-cote-top-ten-winner-arizona-state-university-student-health-services-building_o.

7. O’Connell, Kim A, Katie Weeks, and Annie Milewski. “2014 AIA COTE Top Ten Winner: Arizona State University Student Health Services Building.” Accessed December 9, 2019. https://www.architectmagazine.com/design/2014-aia-cote-top-ten-winner-arizona-state-university-student-health-services-building_o.

8. O’Connell, Kim A, Katie Weeks, and Annie Milewski. “2014 AIA COTE Top Ten Winner: Arizona State University Student Health Services Building.” Accessed December 9, 2019. https://www.architectmagazine.com/design/2014-aia-cote-top-ten-winner-arizona-state-university-student-health-services-building_o.

9. O’Connell, Kim A, Katie Weeks, and Annie Milewski. “2014 AIA COTE Top Ten Winner: Arizona State University Student Health Services Building.” Accessed December 9, 2019. https://www.architectmagazine.com/design/2014-aia-cote-top-ten-winner-arizona-state-university-student-health-services-building_o.

BIBLIOG R A P H Y “Arizona State University Student Health Services.” Arizona State University Student Health Services | AIA Top Ten. The American Institute of Architects. https://www.aiatopten.org/node/328.

“ASU Health Services.” ASU Health Services | Project Description. Arizona Board of Regents, 2018. https://eoss.asu.edu/student-services/ facilities/health-services-tempe.

“ASU Health Services Building.” Lake Flato, June 19, 2019. https://www.lakeflato.com/higher-education/asu-health-services-building.

“Austin Central Library.” Lake Flato, July 11, 2019. https://www.lakeflato.com/civiccultural/austin-central-library.

Bohlin, Peter. “Our Process.” Lake Flato, January 30, 2017. https://www.lakeflato.com/vision/our-process.

Fracalossi, Igor. “ASU Health Services Building / Lake: Flato Architects.” ArchDaily. ArchDaily, June 3, 2013. https://www.archdaily. com/380345/asu-health-service-lake-flato-architects.

Jr., William Turnbull, and Glenn Murcutt. “Our History.” Lake Flato, March 8, 2016. https://www.lakeflato.com/vision/our-history.

“Knox College Whitcomb Art Center.” Lake Flato, July 23, 2019. https://www.lakeflato.com/higher-education/knox-college-whitcomb-artcenter.

Lake|Flato Architects. “Our People.” Lake Flato, September 10, 2019. https://www.lakeflato.com/vision/our-people.

Lake|Flato Architects. “Culture.” Lake Flato, January 9, 2019. https://www.lakeflato.com/vision/culture.

O’Connell, Kim A, Katie Weeks, and Annie Milewski. “2014 AIA COTE Top Ten Winner: Arizona State University Student Health Services Building.” architectmagazine.com. THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS, April 23, 2014. https://www. architectmagazine.com/design/2014-aia-cote-top-ten-winner-arizona-state-university-student-health-services-building_o.

Okland Construction. “Okland Construction: Asu Health Services Building Expansion/Renovation.” Okland Construction | Asu Health Services Building Expansion/renovation. Okland Construction, 2019. https://www.okland.com/markets/sustainable/asu-health-servicesbuilding-expansion-renovation/.

Orcutt|Winslow. “ASU Health Services Building.” orcutt | winslow, 2016. http://www.owp.com/asu-student-health-center.html.

“UTHSC School of Nursing.” Lake Flato, June 19, 2019. https://www.lakeflato.com/higher-education/uthsc-school-nursing.

IMA GE CRED I T S Cover image-1.1: photograph © Bill Timmerman “ASU Health Services Building / Lake: Flato Architects.” June 3, 2013. ArchDaily. Accessed December 9, 2019. https://www.archdaily.com/380345/asu-health-service-lake-flato-architects.

1.2: photograph © Paul Hester “UTHSC School of Nursing.” June 19, 2019. Lake Flato. Accessed December 9, 2019. https://www.lakeflato.com/higher-education/uthsc-school-nursing.

1.3: photograph © Nic Lehoux, Casey Dunn, Andrea Calo, Lara Swimmer “Austin Central Library.” July 11, 2019. Lake Flato. Accessed December 9, 2019. https://www.lakeflato.com/civiccultural/austin-central-library.

1.4: photograph © Photo: Lara Swimmer & Andrew Pogue “Knox College Whitcomb Art Center.” July 23, 2019. Lake Flato. Accessed December 9, 2019. https://www.lakeflato.com/higher-education/knox-college-whitcomb-art-center.

1.5: all images © Lake|Flato Architects “Arizona State University Student Health Services.” The American Institute of Architects. Accessed December 9, 2019. https://www.aiatopten.org/node/328.

3.1: photograph © Bill Timmerman “ASU Health Services Building.” June 19, 2019. Lake Flato. Accessed December 9, 2019. https://www.lakeflato.com/higher-education/asu-health-services-building.

3.2: photograph © Bill Timmerman “Okland Construction: Asu Health Services Building Expansion/Renovation.” Okland Construction. Accessed December 9, 2019. https://www.okland.com/markets/sustainable/asu-health-services-building-expansion-renovation 3.3-3.5: photograph © Bill Timmerman “ASU Health Services Building.” June 19, 2019. Lake Flato. Accessed December 9, 2019. https://www.lakeflato.com/higher-education/asu-health-services-building.

3.6-3.7: photograph © Bill Timmerman “ASU Health Services Building.” 2016. Orcutt|Winslow. Accessed December 9, 2019. http://www.owp.com/asu-student-health-center.html.

4.1: photograph © Bill Timmerman “ASU Health Services Building.” June 19, 2019. Lake Flato. Accessed December 9, 2019. https://www.lakeflato.com/higher-education/asu-health-services-building.

4.2: photograph © Bill Timmerman “ASU Health Services.” 2018. Arizona Board of Regents. Accessed December 9, 2019. https://eoss.asu.edu/student-services/facilities/health-services-tempe.

4.3: photograph © Bill Timmerman “ASU Health Services Building.” 2016. Orcutt|Winslow. Accessed December 9, 2019. http://www.owp.com/asu-student-health-center.html.

4.4-Back cover image: photograph © Bill Timmerman “ASU Health Services Building.” June 19, 2019. Lake Flato. Accessed December 9, 2019. https://www.lakeflato.com/higher-education/asu-health-services-building.