Assignment 1

Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1.1

140 William Street, Perth ................................................................................................................... 3

1.1.2

Significant impact of site context and Orientation (100) .................................................... 3

1.2.2 Identifying integrated façade system and investigating the level of thermal comfort (Sun Path, Shadow/ glare, natural light, indoor air quality and wind) (250) ................................. 5 1.2.3

Sun Path and Incident Radiation................................................................................................ 5

1.2.4

Shadows & visual Comfort ........................................................................................................... 7

1.3.1

Passive heating and cooling (150) ............................................................................................ 8

1.4.1

Integrated Water/rain water harvesting system (Grey water recycling system)......... 8

1.5.1 Implemented Electrical system (talk about active cooling and heating system and main source of electricity consumption) ................................................................................................ 8 2.1.1

International case study analysis Al Bahar Towers ............................................................... 9

2.1.2

Significant impact of site context and Orientation ............................................................... 9

2.1.2 Identifying integrated façade system and investigating the level of thermal comfort (Sun Path, Shadow/ glare, natural light, visual comfort,) ................................................................. 10 2.1.3

Passive heating and cooling..................................................................................................... 11

2.1.4

Implemented Electrical system ................................................................................................ 11

2.1.5

Other Researched strategies .................................................................................................... 11

2.1.6 Application of solar kinetic faced implemented to building 140William Northern Façade. ........................................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1.6

Key skills learnt thought collaborating with team members ........................................... 13

2.1.7 Personal reflection on each case study building and suggested thoughts based on investigating International Cased studies! (50) ................................................................................... 14 2.1.8

Conclusion (200)........................................................................................................................... 14

Abstract In this report the performance, energy efficiency of proposed case study 140 William street, Perth will be investigated and analyzed. Further investigation on an international case study will be done on an adaptive building envelope. The selected integrated strategies and adaptive envelope system will be suggested to be applied into local case study building in order to improve its performance and its energy efficiency.

1.1.1 140 William Street, Perth

perspective diagram, Javad Gholami. (2021)

1.1.2 Significant impact of site context and Orientation (100)

Building 140 William street in Perth city Designed by HASSEL positioned above underground Perth Train station. This building integrates approximately 36,000 sqm commercial and office use and 6,000 retail use.

Building orientation is often carefully planned and deigned in order to maximize or minimize daylight and heat gain in winter or summer depending in site climate condition. Andersson, Brandt. (1985).

The orientation, form and strategies integrated into 140 William design focuses to offer a strong response to surrounding built form, weather condition, heritage and current existing condition of the site.

Based on Shadow Analysis of 140 William, building Orientation and form maximize the passive heating.

Norther commercial building creates overshadowing over southern building due to its heights and orientation.

22 of June @ 8 AM 22 of December @ 9 AM

22 of December @ 12 PM

22 of June @ 12 PM

22 of December @ 4 PM 3D sun incident shadow diagram, HASSEL & Javad Gholami. (2021)

22 of June @ 4 PM

1.2.1

Main construction material Consideration Steel: Mainly used for Structural purposes For example, structural column, beams and trusses Concrete: Mainly for structural and building performance purposes For example, footing, slabs and thermal mass Glass: For building performance transparency and visual comfort For example, windows, louvers Aluminium: durability and load support For example, curtain wall frames and window frames Acoustic panels are mainly used in lower level due to building location and space usage.

Office work purposes in the middle of noisy district.

1.2.2

Identifying integrated façade system and investigating the level of thermal comfort (Sun Path, Shadow/ glare, natural light, indoor air quality and wind) (250)

Climate zone map: Australia wide | Australian Building Codes Board (abcb.gov.au)

1.2.3 Australian weather Zones Based on weather information provided by Australian Building Codes Board, Australian Climates are identified into 8 different zones where Perth is located in zone 5 “warm temperate”.

Climate & Weather Averages in Perth, Western Australia, Australia (timeanddate.com)

1.2.3 Sun Path and Incident Radiation

This means, winter generally can be below comfortable temperature while summer time is recorded to be hot or very hot.

Investigating Sun path and capturing annual incident radiation of 140William Street Building through Rhino 3D and Grasshopper software indicates that the most affected areas in building is the roof. Calculated data from Rhino 3D and Perth Weather condition specifies the main commercial tower roofs in northern side has the highest rate of capturing incident radiation close to 9707 kwh/m 2 and southern façade with lowest rating of 1941 kwh/m2. This is believed to be due to surrounding environmental and context impact.

3D sun incident radiation diagram, plan, Rozhan Taha.

(2021)

3D sun incident radiation diagram, plan, Rozhan Taha.

(2021)

Implementation of few photovoltaic solar panels on of the commercial roofs where solar radiation has the highest impact is a smart strategy to minimize the heat impact on upper floors and maximize the energy efficiency of the building. However, second roof does not seem to have anything installed which results a greater energy consumption to create a comfortable temperature for inside space due to emitting excessive heat gain during summer.

3D sun sun diagram, west elevation, Rozhan Taha. (2021)

3D sun sun diagram, Eaast elevation, Rozhan Taha.

(2021)

1.2.4

Shadows & visual Comfort

Right diagram indicates daily sun movement throughout the year.

Different strategies are implemented on each elevation of building as below.

3D sun sun diagram, perspective, Rozhan Taha. (2021)

•

Northern façade: minimum horizontal fixed louvers to control direct sunlight during summer.

•

Eastern façade: vertical fixed louvers for controlling excessive solar radiation.

•

Southern façade: vertical fixed and mechanical louvers for controlling excessive solar radiation.

•

Western façade: metal screening and vertical fixed and mechanical louvers to control

Sun analysis, section Javad Gholami. (2021)

Low sun angle “Approximately 32 degrees” on 22/06 on north elevation (singe Glazed windows)

Sun analysis, section Javad Gholami. (2021)

High sun angle “Approximately 82 degrees” on 22/12 on north elevation (singe Glazed windows)

Above Diagram Is Demonstrating Summer and Winter sun angle and solar radiation impact to building performance. Refer to Liza’s report for information in regards to visual comfort.

1.3.1

Passive heating and cooling (150)

3D wind diagram, Rozhan Taha. (2021)

3D wind diagram, Rozhan Taha. (2021)

Provided data through running Wind Analysis, demonstrate the windspeed & temperature of the wind throughout the year. Warmer wind usually seems to be blowing from east and cooler from south east.

Ground level” retail areas” with opening from south to north appears to benefits the most by cross ventilation which increases building performance and efficiency. For more information and wind analysis refer to Raheel’s report.

1.4.1

Integrated Water/rain water harvesting system (Grey water recycling system)

Currently building 140 William is running grey water recycling system which collects basically grey water from throughout the building and filter it for water closet. It is believed that proposed grey water recycling system contributes toward building energy efficiency and minimize carbon footprints. For further information in regards to existing greywater recycling in place and proposed rain water harvesting system please refer to Liza report.

1.5.1

Implemented Electrical system (talk about active cooling and heating system and main source of electricity consumption)

140 William’s main source of electricity energy is coming of the grid. Taking size of the building and huge energy consumption into consideration, this methodology does not seem to be the most sustainable way in order to increase efficiency and building performance. Based on size, orientation and form of the building various possible strategies can potentially increase energy efficiency and performance such as incorporating green energy “solar panels and windows and storages for electricity.

2.1.1

International case study analysis Al Bahar Towers

2.1.2

Significant impact of site context and Orientation

The 149m tower Al Bahar Tower is located in Abu Dhabi designed by Abdulmajid Karanough and Aedas Arquitectos. The main idea behind implementation of this unique adaptive kinetic façade system is to focus on passive cooling and aesthetic.

psychrometric chart, Mustafa Al hashimi. (2021)

Dry bulb temperature diagram, Mustafa Al Hashimi. (2021)

Analysed data indicating temperature and humidity throughout the year generated using geo location of Al Bahar Tower, ladybug and Rhino 3D software.

• • 2.1.2

Mid-April till November above average temperature Most time of the year humid Identifying integrated façade system and investigating the level of thermal comfort (Sun Path, Shadow/ glare, natural light, visual comfort,)

Mashrabiya, adaptive kinetic façade which play a major role in controlling excessive solar radiation, glare and light. Msharabiya uniquely acts as a responsive skin to minimize internal heat gain by positioning mechanical operable sheets to react towards excessive solar radiation and its direction (Ashour 2018).

Ideas behind Mashrabiya

• • •

•

•

Controlling direct light Create cooling effects Create opening for air flow while proving shades and allow to maintain visual comfort Adjust and respond to wind speed and direction by opening and closing Reduces carbon emission by 40% (ARUP 2021) temperature diagram, Mustafa Al Hashimi. (2021)

wind diagram, Mustafa Al Hashimi. (2021)

2.1.3 • • • •

Colling effect Proving shades Reducing interior heat gain by 50% Kinetic louvers close at night allowing airflow in

2.1.4 • •

Passive heating and cooling

Implemented Electrical system

Photovoltaic system has been implemented on slope shape of Mashrabiya’s roof.

Main source of electricity usage come from grid

2.1.5

Other Researched strategies

Kiefer technic Showroom • • • • •

Kinetic facade reacts and moves Individually Based on sun angle Optimised Manually Light material Durable Perform as a shading over hang once closed.

KIEFER TECHNIC SHOWROOM (worldarchitecture.org) (2021)

Solar Windows • • • • • • •

Generating electricity Increases energy efficiency Create shade by controlling glare And incoming direct sunlight Increases windows insulation Increases life span of windows Maintain daylight and visual Comfort Perform as an insulation Solar Windows: The Solar Technology of The Future | EarthTechling (2021)

2.1.6 Application of solar kinetic faced implemented to building 140William Northern Façade.

Sun analysis, section Javad Gholami. (2021)

Section Diagram demonstrate the application of Solar kinetic faced and its impact to building envelope.

Integrating mechanical responsive faced from Mashrabiya and taking location, form, usage and its orientation into consideration enables building envelope to respond efficiently to Perth weather condition.

2.1.6

Key skills learnt thought collaborating with team members

Researching and Investigating local case study in depth came with its own challenges due to having lack of time. Analysis of proposed case study, identifying areas where we could potentially improve in order to increase building performance, implement an adaptive envelope and increase its energy efficiency was divided different categories as below, Raheel: Passive shading and energy harvesting Mustafa: implementing rain water harvesting system and improving grey water recycling system Liza: looking into improving environmental air quality Rozhan: looking into improving acoustic performance and energy efficiency Javad: improving passive cooling, integrating smart electrical harvesting system and increasing building performance

Team collaboration chart, Liza. (2021)

2.1.7

Personal reflection on each case study building and suggested thoughts based on investigating International Cased studies! (50)

Pros Perform well for passive heating and cooling Increases performance of building Aesthetic Cones Not used to maximum potential “integrating solar into it” Creates restriction to view Restriction to emit sun light

2.1.8

Conclusion (200)

In conclusion, currently application of strategies and systems integrated into building 140 william street enables building to perform reasonably efficient. Orientation, winter garden, Mechanical and fixed louvers around parts of building seems to reduce solar heat gain, glare and direct sunlight and increase building performance. However, certain Poor strategies identified within the building seems to have a major impact on its performance and energy efficiency. Implementation of an adaptive kinetic façade with solar panels in northern elevation of building where sun has a great impact during hot summer days reduces internal heat gain, harvest renewable energy and increases building performance. Furthermore, application of solar windows in western and eastern façade also improve energy harvesting while maintaining the visibility and transparency by up to 70%.

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