BROTHERS IN ALMS PEACE
THROUGH SACRIFICE
Brothers In Alms – Peace Through Sacrifice
The oldest form of written communication is the pictograph, the picture telling the story. A picture does not need text to explain it, for it tells the story better than the words. So let the pictures do the talking and the imagination the meaning. Everyone will make their own interpretation of the image, and it is up to the individual to imagine the story it tells. I have chosen mostly unknown images to show a different aspect of these wars. I have tried to portray the continued life and spirit of humanity amidst the terrible death and destruction. Not being a Freemason it was interesting for me to see how many of the subjects of the pictures had, in some way, a Masonic connection.
The Freemasons played a major role in both war and peace throughout the first half of the last century. From the leaders of men to the rank and file, Field Marshals to privates, they fought valiantly during the conflicts and supported the afflicted and downtrodden when peace came. It is a remarkable fact that one in six Victoria Crosses in the Great War were awarded to Freemasons for their bravery beyond the call of duty. Partly as a result of this, many of their comrades in arms joined Masonic lodges after the wars.
The century opened in conflict with the Second Boer War, Earl Roberts of Kandahar was in command and he was succeeded by Earl Kitchener of Khartoum, his fellow Freemason.
Kitchener had been active in many successful campaigns throughout the last quarter of the previous century. After his triumph in the Sudan he earned the reputation as one of our greatest soldiers.
Roberts had predicted Germany’s warlike intentions in a public address in Manchester in 1912, but no one heeded his warning.
When the First World War broke out Kitchener was appointed Secretary of State for War. He was a lone voice in government in predicting a long conflict. His face on the recruitment posters for volunteers is probably one of the most recognisable marketing images of all time.
At the outset of the war Field Marshal Sir John French, also a Freemason and former colleague of Kitchener, was appointed Commander in Chief of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) on the Western Front. After a series of disastrous campaigns he was recalled and replaced by Field Marshal Earl Haig, with whom he had been a good friend for many years. Haig served as Commander in Chief of the BEF until the end of the war. Haig was also a Freemason.
Brothers In Alms – Peace Through Sacrifice
For all the criticism he bore for the great loss of life in the war, Haig cared deeply for his men. When the war ended he refused to accept an Earldom from the government until they agreed to substantially increase war pensions to veterans and their families. He devoted his life to raising funds for ex-servicemen. He founded the Royal British Legion and the Poppy Appeal. It is surely apt to say about him (to paraphrase a contemporary): “there were those who served and those who gave and those who did both”.
Other Freemason soldiers included John Dimmer, awarded a VC only to die shortly before the war’s end leading his men from the front on his white charger, and the remarkable Bernard Freyberg, a dentist from New Zealand, who earned his passage to Europe, in order to enlist, by winning a boxing contest in New York and who went on to be awarded a VC and Three Bars to his DSO. In the Second World War he became a General and Commander of the New Zealand forces in Italy, served with distinction and after the war was made Governor-General of NZ.
Harold Alexander, later Earl Alexander of Tunis, was another career soldier and Freemason who was active in both World Wars. He was awarded the MC and DSO in the First World War, held high ranking positions in the Second and was then appointed Governor-General of Canada.
Viscount John Vereker Gort was another Mason who was awarded a VC for action during the disastrous battle of The Canal du Nord in the First World War and commanded the BEF at the beginning of the Second. He later served as Governor of Malta.
Dame Florence Burleigh-Leach was one of an increasing number of women Freemasons. She volunteered to do menial work in the Women’s Legion and rose to become Chief Controller of the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corp.
General “Black Jack” Pershing was also a Freemason in his home town in Nebraska. He saw out the First World War as Commander of the American Expeditionary Force and then returned a hero and did much good work.
Three hospitals were founded in London by the Freemasons for the benefit of all the wounded, whether or not they were Freemasons. Many others throughout the country were established or expanded through the generous donations of their members who were known to “ give quickly and with both hands”.
This Exhibition commemorates the centenary of “peace through sacrifice” at the end of the First World War. It celebrates the lives of those who took part in the war from the
Royal Princes and Generals to the ordinary men and women in those extraordinary times. From the gods of war who led the armies to their eventual victory to the dogs of war who rescued the wounded and were man’s best friend.
It contains images from the beginning of the last century up to the end of the Second World War. Featuring those who served in both wars, those who led and those who served in the field, on land, on the sea and in the air, illustrating the vast geography of the wars.
The images illustrate both the old style war with horses and cannons and the new mechanised war with tanks, motorcars, motorbikes and aeroplanes. It shows women at the front helping the wounded and caring for them, driving ambulances and being despatch riders, organised as a Women’s Army for the first time.
Animals played a great role in the war, from the horses and camels to dogs pulling guns and rescuing the wounded, together with mascots and pets. There are images of soldiers at play, relaxing amid the carnage and the entry of the US into the war in 1917 and the subsequent ending of the war and the declaration of peace.
In making the selection of the pictures, I am reminded of my time at the Hulton-Deutsch, after I bought the collection from
the BBC and spent many enjoyable days and nights “hulting” through the archive. I became fascinated by the stories that the pictures told and remembered many First World War pictures that came up in the research for the exhibition. Many of the images chosen have come from there.
My thanks are due to Matthew Butson and Brian Doherty at Hulton Getty Images for allowing access to the archive and their advice. To Jonathan Butler at Alamy and his team who have been most helpful; Alison Metcalfe and Helen Symington at the National Library of Scotland and Miranda Poliakoff at Fulham Palace. Also, to all the staff at the United Grand Lodge of England and the Library and Museum of Freemasonry, who have been most helpful.
Finally, my greatest thanks go to my partner and better half, Catherine Plunkett, for all her wise counsel and hard work in bringing this exhibition to life. Without her I could not have managed.
Brian Deutsch, London, September 2018
All photo captions run clockwise to the centre
Field Marshal Horatio Herbert Kitchener (1850-1916)
Earl Kitchener of Khartoum was Britain’s most celebrated soldier at the beginning of the First World War.
Kitchener served with distinction in Egypt, the Sudan and South Africa in important campaigns and became Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army.
Kitchener was made Secretary of State for War in 1914 and singularly in cabinet predicted a long drawn out campaign.
Kitchener was introduced to Freemasonry by the Duke of Connaught. He was a member of fifteen lodges and had been District Grand Master of Egypt and the Sudan and of the Punjab.
He is best remembered for the famous enlistment poster with his mesmeric stare and his gloved finger pointing at YOU.
Photo: Rischgitz/Hulton ArchiveField Marshal Douglas Haig (1861-1928)
Earl Haig was Commander-in-Chief of the British Army on the Western Front from 1915 until the end of the war. He was a career soldier and had previously served in campaigns in the Sudan, South Africa and in India.
After the war he refused his Earldom until the government agreed increased financial aid for demobilized soldiers. He devoted the rest of his life to the welfare of ex-servicemen and helped found the British Legion and the Poppy Appeal in 1921. He also set up the Haig Fund and the Haig Homes charities to ensure housing and financial assistance for ex-servicemen.
Haig was a member of Elgin’s Lodge at Leven No. 91 (Grand Lodge of Scotland).
Photo: Granger Historical Picture Archive/Alamy Stock PhotosMajor General Dame Florence Burleigh Leach (1874-1956)
Dame Florence Leach was one of the most remarkable women in the war.
Leach volunteered for the Women’s Legion in 1915. The Legion comprised women volunteers who took over much of the work of cookery, canteen, clerical and motor transport, freeing up soldiers for front line duty. She became Controller in 1917 and brought the 7,000 cooks and staff under her command into the newly formed Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps and in 1918, Leach was made Controller-in-Chief of the WAAC. By war’s end 57,000 women had volunteered and 9,000 had served on the Western Front.
Leach became the first military dame (DBE) in 1919.
She joined the Honourable Fraternity of Ancient Freemasons in 1910 as a member of Golden Rule Lodge No. 1 and encouraged many comrades to join her.
Photo: National Army MuseumJohn Henry Stephen Dimmer VC (1883-1918)
Dimmer became a regular soldier in 1901, despite having been previously rejected from the army owing to his small stature. In 1902, he was posted to South Africa and was promoted to Corporal due to his draughtsmanship and mapping skills. An ambitious man he studied engineering, tactics and military law in order to earn a commission. He was the first “ranker” officer in the King’s Royal Rifle Corps.
He was awarded the Victoria Cross for his action on 12 November 1914, at Klein Zillebeke. His citation for the award quotes, “this officer served his machine gun... until he had been shot five times – three times by shrapnel and twice by bullets, and continued at his post until his gun was destroyed.” He served a further three and a half years rising to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel until killed in action at Marteville, France on 21 March 1918, leading his troops on his white charger.
He was a member of the Pentangle Lodge No. 1174. When the Lodge met on 11 December 1914 it was resolved “that Brother Dimmer be congratulated on his heroic conduct on his gaining the most prized of all things to an Englishman, the Victoria Cross.”
Photo: Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty ImagesBernard Cyril Freyberg, VC (1889-1963)
Freyberg was born in England and moved to New Zealand at the age of two. In early 1914 he set off for Mexico where he fought with Pancho Villa in the revolution. When he heard that war had broken out in Europe he went first to Los Angeles and won a swimming competition and then on to New York where he won a boxing match to pay his fare to England to enlist.
Freyberg persuaded Churchill to grant him a Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve commission. In 1915 he volunteered to swim in the Gulf of Saros to light flares to distract enemy forces from the real landing at Gallipoli which earned him his first DSO. In November 1916, he transferred to the army in the final stages of the Battle of the Somme and was awarded the Victoria Cross. The citation for the award quotes, “for his valor and utter contempt for danger.” He was wounded so many times that his comrades said there was hardly a part of his body unscarred.
Freyberg then went on to serve in the Second World War with equal distinction and daring as General of the 2nd New Zealand Expeditionary Forces and was again wounded many times. Churchill named him ‘the salamander’ due to his love of fire. From 1946 to 1952, he served as Governor General of New Zealand and was given a peerage in 1951 as Baron Freyberg of Wellington, N.Z.
A very active Freemason, he was a member of the Household Brigade Lodge No. 2614.
Photo: National Portrait Gallery
HRH Prince Edward, Prince of Wales (1894-1972)
Edward had first become a cadet in the Royal Navy at the Royal Naval College at Dartmouth. He became the Prince of Wales in 1911, after his father became King. He served for three months as midshipman on the Battleship Hindustan.
In 1914, Edward joined the Grenadier Guards before the war started, but Lord Kitchener would not allow him to serve on the front lines for fear of his safety as heir to the throne. Later in the war he did however visit the front lines, which made him popular with the troops, and for which he was awarded the Military Cross. He made a great effort to visit poverty stricken areas of Britain after the war.
He was initiated as a member of the Household Brigade Lodge No. 2614 until he became king in 1936.
Photo: Lebrecht Music & Art/Alamy Stock PhotosHRH Prince Albert (1895-1952)
Albert, later King George VI, followed his brother into the Royal Navy and the Royal Naval College at Dartmouth. In 1913, he became midshipman on the HMS Collingwood.
Unlike his brother as the ‘spare,’ not the heir, he was allowed by Kitchener to be on the front line and was mentioned in dispatches for his actions as a turret officer during the Battle of Jutland, the principal naval battle of the war. He wrote about it in his diary and about the horror of killing, which he was witness to for the first time.
The prince took great interest in soldiers’ welfare. He joined the RAF before the war ended and became the first Royal to gain his pilot’s licence.
He accompanied the Belgian monarch King Albert I on his triumphal re-entry into Brussels on 22 November 1918.
He was initiated into Navy Lodge No. 2612, of which his grandfather Edward VII had been founding master.
Photo: World History Archive/Alamy Stock PhotosKITCHENER
India
Kitchener with his personal staff in India: Lieutenant Wylly; Captain Livingston-Learmonth; Captain O. Fitzgerald; Colonel Birdwood and Captain Basset, c.1903 Classic Image/Archival Image/Alamy Stock Photo
War Dolls
A worker poses with British made dolls representing The King, Lord Kitchener, Sir John French, Sir John Jellicoe, and General Joffre, c.1915
Chronicle/Alamy Stock Photo
The Coronation
Kitchener at the Coronation rehearsal at Westminster Abbey, London, June 1911
Topical Press/Getty Images
Final Photo
Kitchener with Admiral Sir Frederic Dreyer on board the Flagship HMS Iron Duke at Scapa Flow, Orkney, June 1916 Hilary Morgan/Alamy Stock Photo
Port Said
Kitchener with King George V, Queen Mary, HH Prince Mohamed Ali Pasha and General Sir Francis Reginald Wingate at Port Said, Egypt, c.1912
Hulton Archive/Getty Images Egypt Kitchener and Claude Reigner Conder, c.1890 Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Melbourne
Kitchener inspecting the Victorian Infantry in Melbourne, c.1910
Topical Press/Getty Images
Background
WWI Recruiting Poster, 1914 Chronicle/Alamy Stock Photo
HAIG
Battle of Thiepval Ridge
Haig explaining the capture of Thiepval to King George V from the top of Thiepval Chateau, October 1916
John Warwick Brooke/National Library of Scotland
Two Sons of Edinburgh
Haig with Liberal statesman Lord Richard Haldane, 8 March 1914
Hulton Archive/Getty Images
The Somme
Haig with King George V, French President Raymond Poincare, General Joseph Joffre, and General Ferdinand Foch on the balustraded terrace of Haig’s headquarters at Beauquesne, France, 12 August 1916
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images
The Somme
Haig with Prime Minister David Lloyd-George and General Joffre at the 14th Army Corps headquarters at Meaulte, France, 12 September 1916
Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Poppy Appeal
Workers decorate Old Bill, a WWI bus with garlands and wreaths for Poppy Day in honour of WWI Armistice. The symbol was adopted by Haig in 1921, as a founder of the Royal British Legion, c.1921
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images
Battle of Drocourt-Queant Line
Haig reviewing Canadian troops following their success in breaking through the German line at Drocourt-Quentin, 31 August 1918
The Print Collector/Alamy Stock Photos
The Young Haig c.1868
Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Background
Statue of Haig (1861-1928) silhouetted against floodlit Edinburgh Castle, 19 March 1935
Main/Fox Photos/Getty Images
FRENCH, PERSHING, JELLICOE, WINGATE, ALLENBY
Capture of Jerusalem by British Forces
General Edmund Allenby rides through Jaffa Gate into the captured city of Jerusalem, January 1917
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images
Wingate
General Sir Francis Reginald, Governor-General of the Sudan, 1 January 1919
PA Images/Alamy Stock Photos
Pershing
General John Joseph, Commander of the American Expeditionary Force in Europe in WWI
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images
Jellicoe
Admiral John Rushworth, climbing onto the bridge of the Flagship, HMS Iron Duke, c.1916
Historical Images Archive/Alamy Stock Photos
Reunion
General Pershing and General Foch during Foch’s visit to the United States after WWI, c.1921
Keystone/Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Admiral
of the Fleet
John Rushworth Jellicoe, c.1918
Picture Press Ltd/Alamy Stock Photos
Inspections
General John Denton Pinkstone French reviews a line of cadets before presenting them with medals, 17 October 1916
Topical Press Agency/Getty Images
Background
General Pershing inspects troops in Brest, France, c.1918
Hulton Archive/Getty Images
ALEXANDER, FREYBERG, GORT
All three served in both WWI and WWII
General Sir Harold Alexander
Commander-in-Chief of British Forces in the Middle East Command, surveys the battlefront from an open car with Major General Harding, c.1942
Military History Collection/Alamy Stock Photos
Inspecting Invasion Forces off the Coast of North Africa
General Sir Harold Alexander, Commander of the 18th Army Group, with General George Patton and Rear Admiral Alan G. Kirk, July 1943
Everett Collection, Inc./Alamy Stock Photos
War Leaders
General Sir Harold Alexander, Anthony Eden, Lord Alanbrooke, Winston Churchill, Air Chief Tedder, Admiral Sir Andrew Cunningham, General Marshal, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, and General Bernard Montgomery, 6 August 1943 Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Major General Bernard Freyberg, VC
Commander of the 2nd New Zealand Expeditionary Force, Commander of Allied Forces during the Battle of Crete and commanded the British Army during the North African and Italian campaigns, 15 August 1940
Military History Collection/Alamy Stock Photos
Field Marshal John Vereker, 6th Viscount Gort VC
General Ironside, General Gorge, Winston Churchill, and General Gamelin in France, c.1917
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images
Italian Front
General Sir Harold Alexander c.1944
Keystone/ Getty Images
Anzacs in Suez
General Bernard Freyberg VC, Commander of New Zealand Forces, Anthony Eden, British Secretary of State for War, and Sir Miles Lampson, Ambassador in Egypt, welcoming the arrival of troops in Suez, March 1940
Hulton Archives/ Getty Images
Background
British Mark IV tank with Canadian soldiers. Chronicle /Alamy Stock Photos
USA – ARNOLD, PATTON, MACARTHUR, ROOSEVELT
Rainbow Division
General Douglas MacArthur, Commander of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division, France, 1917
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images
US Tank Corps
George Smith Patton in front of a Renault FT-17 in France, c.1918
GL Archive/Alamy Stock Photos
Flying Ace
Captain Eddie Rickenbacker, American Aviator in a field near Toul, France, 5 May 1918
Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Target Practice
Franklin Roosevelt, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, on a rifle range at Indian Point, c.1916
Everett Collection Historical/Alamy Stock Photos
Full Metal Jacket
Used by Americans in France, c.1918
Central Press/Getty Images
Casablanca Conference
Conference affirming that Allies would fight the Axis powers until unconditional surrender: President Franklin D. Roosevelt; PM Winston Churchill; Lt. General Henry “Hap” Arnold; Admiral Ernest King; General George C. Marshal; Admiral Sir Dudley Pound; General Sir Alanbrooke; Air Marshal Sir Charles Portal, c.1943
Keystone/Getty Images
Franklin Roosevelt Assistant Secretary of the US Navy and Admiral William Sims, Commander of the US Navy in Europe, c.1918
Everett Collection Historical/Alamy Stock Photos
Background - The Human Statue of Liberty
Taken in July 1918 at Camp Dodge, Iowa, as part of a planned promotional campaign to sell war bonds during WWI. A total of 18,000 men were used to complete Liberty.
Everett Collection Historical/Alamy Stock Photos
IN THE FIELD
Winter’s Scene on the Western Front
For Alan/Alamy Stock Photos
German Cycle Corps, c.1915
Topical Press Agency/Hulton Archive
The 14th London Regiment (London Scottish) on parade, c.1915
FPG/Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Robert Edward Cruickshank, VC, was a member of the London Scottish
Within 100 Yards of Thiepval Village, c.1916
Ernest Brooks/National Library of Scotland
Soldier at Gate, c.1916
John Warwick Brooke/National Library of Scotland
Military Police Enjoying a Meal
Ernest Brooks/National Library of Scotland
Soldier Rests…Last Sign Standing, c.1916
John Warwick Brooke/National Library of Scotland
Scene of the Outskirts of Peronne, c.1916
John Warwick Brooke/National Library of Scotland
Background Batch of Prisoners taken in British sector of the Western Front, c.1916
David McLellan/National Library of Scotland
IN THE FIELD
British Soldier Paints Trench Signs, c.1915
Paul Thompson/FPG/Getty Images
British Soldier Asleep in Trench, c.1916 Chronicle/Alamy Stock Photos
British Soldiers Advancing on Western Front Lebrecht Music + Art/Alamy Stock Photos
Lord Kitchener Visits the Trenches in Gallipoli, c.1915 Keystone/Getty Images
The Advance Across the Desert Desert Men of the 123rd Outram’s Rifles sitting outside their dugout in Palestine, December 1917 George Westmoreland/IWM via Getty Images
Bridge that Withstood Bombardment
Ernest Brooks/National Library of Scotland
Background - Explosion Silhouettes Soldier
No Man’s Land, Gondrecourt, France, August 1918 Hulton Deutsch Collection/Getty Images
IN THE FIELD
Italian
Alpine Unit WWI
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images
Battle Ramparts at Ypres, c.1915
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images
London Coffee Stall at Front
John Warwick Brooke/National Library of Scotland
King George V at Ypres, c.1915 Keystone/Getty Images
Three Officers of the Gordon’s Chatting in Dugout, c. 1916
John Warwick Brooke/National Library of Scotland
King George V Decorates Lieutenant Yagle of the Signal Corps for Bravery, September 1918
Hulton Archive/Getty Images
1st Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers in Trench
Chronicle/Alamy Stock Photos
Three of the 65 UGLE Freemasons awarded the VC came from this Battalion: Richard Raymond Willis, Cuthbert Bromley and John Elisha Grimshaw (of the famous “six VCs before breakfast”),
for a single action of bravery at the Gallipoli landings. All three survived the war. An additional five Freemasons were members of the Lancashire Fusiliers
Near Arras, France
A raiding party of the 10th Battalion Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) waiting in a ‘sap’ trench for the signal to go. Moments later a shell fell short killing seven men, c.1917
John Warwick Brooke/National Library of Scotland
West African Regiment
Lieutenant Colonel John Henry Stephen Dimmer, VC, with two members of the King Edward VII’s African Rifles, c.1911
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty
In 1914, Dimmer was despatched to the King’s Royal Rifle Corps, 2nd Battalion. Edward Cooper, VC, was also in this Battalion.
Background
British “tree bridges” near Cambrai, France, November 1917
Ernest Brook/National Library of Scotland
IN THE FIELD
Motorbike Machine Gunners starting out on a “stunt,” c.1918
David McLellan/National Library of Scotland
Reading the News in the Trenches
Ernest Brooks/National Library of Scotland
Cyclists Section
Prince Arthur, the Duke of Connaught, inspecting the cycling section of the Somerset Volunteers, 18 August 1917
Topical Press Agency/Getty Images
Irish Artillery marching past King George V during an inspection parade, October 1915
Topical Press Agency/Getty Images
British Motorbike Machine Gunner fixing a belt of ammunition to his gun in France, c.1918
David McLellan/National Library of Scotland
Painting Camouflage on Tank
John Warwick Brooke/National Library of Scotland
Background
British troops from the East Yorkshire Regiment passing a shell crater, c.1917
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images
IN THE AIR
Sopwith Cuckoo dropping a torpedo, July 1918
IWM via Getty Images
Immense RAF Plane loaded with bombs, c.1917
David McLellan/National Library of Scotland
Captain Albert Ball, VC, famous British Royal Air Force ace, c.1917
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images
Captain Eddie Rickenbacker, famous American Air Force ace, c.1918 MPI/Getty Images
Captain Ball at his Investiture at Buckingham Palace, 21 July 1917 Hulton Archive/Getty Images
RAF No. 1 Squadron in Clairmarais, France, c.1918 Evening Standard/Getty Images
British Bi-Plane prepares for takeoff, Corfu, Greece, c.1917 Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images
War Hero Captain Ball holding the nose and propeller from his plane, c.1917 Hulton Archive/Getty Images
IN THE AIR
RAF Plane Heading to Germany
David McLellan/National Library of Scotland
Arming Aircraft Bombs
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images
Russian Ilya Mourometz built by Igor Sikorsky, a passenger plane converted to a bomber, 1914. Hulton Archive/Getty Images
British Pilot from a RAF Squadron with an American, Canadian, New Zealand and South African Pilot, c.1918
David McLellan/National Library of Scotland
Clairmarais Aerodrome near Ypres
British Officers and SE 5a Scouts of No. 1 Squadron. The group includes two Americans, Lieutenants D. Knight and H.A. Kuhlberg, July 1918 IWM/via Getty Images/by David McLellan
RAF Planes in action Newscom/Alamy Stock Photos
ON THE SEA
Eve of War
A British naval vessel visits Kiel Harbour, Germany on the eve of war with Zeppelin passenger Airship overhead, c.1914
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images
HMS Hampshire
Devonshire class armoured cruiser sunk after hitting a German mine, killing Lord Kitchener and 736 other men, including 10 other Freemasons, 2 June 1916
Military History Collection/Alamy Stock Photos
HMS E14
Her Captain, Edward Courtney Boyle, VC, Dardanelles, 27 April 1915
IWM/via Getty Images
HMS Formidable
Royal Navy pre-Dreadnought Battleship torpedoed by the German submarine U-24 on 1 January 1915, 547 men died, including 9 Freemasons
Paul Thompson/FPG/Getty Images
HMS Bonaventure
Royal Navy Astraea-class cruiser Paul Thompson/FPG/Getty Images
British Aircraft Carrier loaded with Sopwith Bi-Planes
Universal Images Group North America/Alamy Stock Photos
Admiral Jellicoe’s Last Farewell to Lord Kitchener
5 June 1916 Classic Image/Alamy Stock Photos
British Aircraft Carrier with a Sopwith 1-11/2 Strutter, taking off from gun turret platform
Universal Images Group of North America/Alamy Stock Photos
IN THE AIR
Two Observer Officers in Balloon Basket with telephones and maps, 17 February 1918
David McLellan/National Library of Scotland
A German Soldier Jumps from Observation
Balloon that was set on fire by Allied aviators, c.1917
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images
Captured German Balloon
Observation balloons were critical assets to both sides in WWI, c.1917
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images
A Zeppelin Flies Over the Balkans
Hulton Archive/Getty Images
U-Boat Scouting Party
Aerial Naval observer coming down from balloon after a scouting tour, c.1918
American Photo Archive/Alamy Stock Photos
The Zeppelin Wreckers
Flight Commander William Leefe Robinson of the Royal Flying Corps, Lieut. Wulstan Tempest and Lieut. Frederick Sowrey. In 1916, Robinson became the first pilot to bring down a German zeppelin over British soil. Hulton Archives/Getty Images
THE MIDDLE EAST CAMPAIGN
Australian Encampment in Egypt, 17 January 1915
Heritage Image Partnership Ltd/Alamy Stock Photos
T.E Lawrence, c.1917
Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Soldiers in the Desert, Mesopotamia, c.1917
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty
Visit of Duke of Connaught to Mosque of Omar, Jerusalem, 22 May 1918, following the British Armies capture of the city from Turkish troops on 9 December 1917
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty
Soldiers Wash Camels
The British Army and Indian troops wash camels in the sea off Rafa, Palestine, c.1914
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty
Australian Engineers building a bridge over a river near the pyramids in Egypt, c.1916
Trinity Mirror/Mirrorpix/Alamy Stock Photos
Lawrence of Arabia, c.1916 Hulton Archive/Getty Images
THE MIDDLE EAST CAMPAIGN
The Imperial Camel Corps who became hero’s of WWI, c.1918
Alice Schalek/Hulton Archive
T.E Lawrence, c.1918 Hulton Archive/Getty Images
British Cavalry on March Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty
Australian Soldiers on Camels in front of the Sphinx, Egypt, c.1915
Vintage Archive/Alamy Stock Photos
Ministry of Information forward scouts of the 9th Hudson’s Horse, an Indian cavalry regiment, April 1917 IWM/Getty Images
Australians in Egypt
The Imperial Camel Corps, 26 January 1918 Prisma by Dukes Presseagentur GmbH/Alamy Stock Photos
WOMEN AT WAR AND HOME
FANY Drivers
Women of the First Aid Nursing Yeomanry Corps in their fur coats, c.1915
Chronicle/Alamy Stock Photos
The Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) enjoying a day at the beach, c.1918
IWM/Getty Images
The Women’s Royal Naval Service (WRNS) mine net workers push a cart full of finished floats along the quayside, c.1918
IWM/Getty Images
Thanking Ada Floral tributes sent to Madam Ada Crossly by the wounded ANZACS whom she entertained, c.1915
Topical Press Agency/Hulton Archive
The Women’s Royal Air Force (WRAC) on a Clyno motorcycle combination, c.1916
IWM/Getty Images
Women’s War Work
Female bricklayers on building site in Lancashire, c.1916
IWM/Getty Images
Nurses Boarding the Erin in Marseille on their way to the front lines, accompained by Sir Thomas Lipton, the tea magnate and Freemason, September 1915
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty
WOMEN AT WAR AND HOME
Girls Standing Over Grave with flowers during a funeral for victims of an air raid, c.1917
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty
Sweet Tooth, c.1917
Topical Press Agency/Hulton Archive
Suffragette March
One of the riders, Evelina Haverfield, a prominent suffragette and Freemason, later founded The Women’s Emergency Corps in WWI, c.1919
Hulton Archive/Getty Images
The Pankhurst’s Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst leaving Bow Street, where they were imprisoned. In 1914, Emmeline ceased all suffragette activities to help with the war effort, c.1910
Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Lady Norman’s Scooter during WWI she ran a voluntary hospital in Wimereux, France, c.1916
FPG/Archive Photos
The British War Office a group of women form a typing pool for war correspondents
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty
MASONIC HOSPITALS – NURSING AND CARE
Garden Party for patients and their friends at Fulham Palace Hospital, c.1918
Fulham Palace Museum
Nurse Mary, Princess Royal, at work in London, c.1918
Photo by Stereoscopic Co./Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Wounded soldiers putting liners into sewing baskets in the workshops of the Fulham Road branch of the Lord Roberts Memorial Workshops, c.1918 Hulton Archive/Getty Images
The Royal Masonic School for Boys in Bushey, Hertfordshire, c.1919
Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Fulham Palace Hospital No. 2
Dining Hall, 14 May 1919
Fulham Palace Museum
Fulham Palace Hospital No. 2 A Ward, 14 May 1919 Fulham Palace Museum
Fulham Palace Hospital No. 2
Patients from Wards A & B, May 1919 Fulham Palace Museum
Therapeutic Massage wounded soldiers receive hand massages from nurses as part of recovery, c.1915 Paul Thompson/FPG/Getty Images
Wounded soldiers posing with nurses in Hospital Ward, c.1915
Topical Press Agency/Getty Images
ENTERTAINMENT, RESPITE, HOSPITALITY, HEALING
French soldiers at dinner, c.1916
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty
British soldiers in entrance of wrecked house, Western Front, c.1916
Chronicle/Alamy Stock Photos
A Glass of Wine and Letters
British officers relaxing, c.1916
Chronicle/Alamy Stock Photos
A Shoulder to Lean On, c.1915
Paul Thompson/FRG/Getty Images
The Red Baron, Manfred von Richthofen, poses with young officers, c.1910
Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Pop Up Barbershop
British and French soldiers interred in Holland, c.1915
Chronicle/Alamy Stock Photos
ENTERTAINMENT, RESPITE, HOSPITALITY, HEALING
Well Advertised! American Bar
John Warwick Brooke/National Library of Scotland
Recovering Soldiers Play Basketball, with members of the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC), c.1918
David McLellan/National Library of Scotland
Christmas on the Western Front
Two British soldiers read an advertisement by 5th Infantry Division for a Christmas Concert Party in Fonquevilliers, France, December 1916
Ernest Brooks/National Library of Scotland Nurses Fishing from a Red Cross hospital barge on the River Seine, c.1917
David McLellan/National Library of Scotland
What a Cracker
National Motor Volunteers at a reception for wounded soldiers at the Connaught Rooms, London, January 1916
Topical Press Agency/Getty Images
Beach Day
British, American & French troops relaxing on a beach with French children and members of the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC), c.1917
Tom Aiken/National Library of Scotland
Men Playing Chess, c.1916
Ernest Brooks/National Library of Scotland
NURSES
American Ambulance Corps
MPI/Getty Images
British Ambulance Corps
Science History Images/Alamy Stock Photos
Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps
Training for a public display, June 1919 Nichols/Topical Press Agency/Getty Images
Working Nurses WWI
Madame Curie and her teenage daughter, Irene Curie, amassed a fleet of vehicles equipped with X-Ray machines, saving untold soldiers’ lives, c.1915
Popperfoto/Getty Images
Madame Curie won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 and the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1911
Wartime Nurses
Nurses Oliphant, Hoer and Bristed, c.1916
Paul Thompson/FPG/Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Women’s Legion Cooks, c.1916
British Army Museum
ENTERTAINMENT, RESPITE, HOSPITALITY, HEALING
Victory Pigeons
US soldiers stand on a float during a Victory Parade in New York City, holding cages of “Captured German War Pigeons,” May 1919
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty
Army Chaplin conducts a service from the cockpit of a bi-plane, c.1915
For Alan/Alamy Stock Photos
US Recruitment Drive
Barnum and Bailey circus elephants used to recruit U.S. Marines, c.1917
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty
Mermaid at War
Soldiers on Royal Naval destroyer HMS Mermaid preparing Christmas dinner, c.1916
Paul Thompson/Getty Images
Entertaining Wounded Soldiers
Violinist entertaining British soldiers in a hospital facility, c.1916 Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Coast Watch
Soldiers and civilians on east coast of England keeping watch for enemy ships, c.1917 Hulton Archive/Getty Images
American Soldiers with their Pets
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty
Story Time
British soldiers gathered around a lamp Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty
CHURCHILL AND OTHER NOTABLES
The Royal Scots
Winston Churchill as 1st Colonel, Commanding the 6th Battalion of the Royal Scots Fusiliers with Major Archibald Sinclair, second in charge, in the Ploegsteert Wood, Belgium, 11 February 1916
Keystone/Getty Images
At the March Past Churchill watching the 47th (1/2nd London) Division from the grandstand of the Grand Palais de Lille, 22 October 1918 Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Inspection Parade
General Jan Smuts and the Rajah of Bikaner inspecting the City
Volunteer Guard at Guildhall, London, 1 May 1917
Topical Press Agency/Getty Images
Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
Churchill in France to see General Gamelin present the Grand Cross to Viscount Gort, VC and General Ironside, 15 January 1940
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images
Siren Suit and Dressing Gown
Churchill wearing his famous siren suit with General Dwight D. Eisenhower and General Sir Harold Alexander on Christmas Day 1943
RMB Vintage Images/Alamy Stock Photos
General Sir Henry Rawlinson chats with a French war correspondent in recaptured Peronne, c.1918
Ernest Brooks/National Library of Scotland
THE ROYAL PRINCES – EDWARD AND ALBERT
Prince Albert
Later King George VI, as Captain in the Royal Air Force. He is preparing for a flight in a Handley-Page bomber at Crandall, Lincolnshire, c.1918
MPI/Getty Images
Postcard Portrait of Prince Edward, sold in aid of the National Relief Fund, c.1914
Chronicle/Alamy Stock Photos
Prince Albert appointed to the HMS Collingwood for active duty, c.1914
Chronicle/Alamy Stock Photos
Tea for the Wounded Prince Albert pouring tea at Buckingham Palace, c.1916
World History Archive/Alamy Stock Photos
Edward, Prince of Wales, c.1919
The Print Collector/Alamy Stock Photos
The Prince of Wales and Haig Welcoming Prince Yurihito of Hagashi-Fushimi outside Advanced GHQ train in Iwuy, France, 11 November 1914 Paul Thompson/FPG/Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Prince Albert in the uniform of a Lieutenant in the Royal Navy, c.1918
The Print Collector/Alamy Stock Photos
Royal Visits to the Western Front Edward the Prince of Wales with his parents, King George V and Queen Mary at the visitors’ Chateau Tramecourt, 7 July 1917 Military History Collection/Alamy Stock Photos
WAR ANIMALS
Messenger Dog
A British soldier secures a message on dogs collar, c.1915
Chronicle/Alamy Stock Photos
Dogs of War
A British Red Cross dog used to locate wounded soldiers, 18 April 1914
Topical Press Agency/Hulton Archive
Tirpitz the Pig
Naval mascot of the HMS Glasgow, c.1916
Chronicle/Alamy Stock Photos
Animals of War soldier with his mascot, a springboek, c.1915 IWM/Getty Images
The Red Baron with His Dog, Moritz, c.1915 Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty
Elephants on Homefront ploughing in Surrey, c.1917
Historical Images Archive/Alamy Stock Photos
WAR ANIMALS
Rin Tin Tin was rescued from a WWI battlefield by an American soldier. The dog went on to become an International film star, c.1918
Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Pigeon Delivery
British army bikers taking carrier pigeons to the front line, c.1915
Science History Images/Alamy Stock Photos
Golden Eagle
British officer with trained eagle in Salonica, Greece, c.1918
The Print Collector/Alamy Stock Photos
Cockpit Puppy
British pilot’s mascot, c.1916
Tom Aiken/National Library of Scotland
British Soldier in Africa on Cow, c.1915
Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Carrier Pigeon a US carrier pigeon tagged, c.1918
Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Dog on a Horse, c.1916
Ernest Brooks/National Library of Scotland
Chicken Coop in Trench
British soldiers tend to their pets, c.1916
Tom Aiken/National Library of Scotland
UNUSUAL
Sir Ernest Shackleton, Polar explorer, volunteered for the army in 1917 Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Adolf Hitler who volunteered for the Bavarian Army at the outbreak of WWI, posing with soldiers and their dog Fuchsi, c.1914
Time Life Pictures/Getty Images
News of Kitcheners Death in The Evening News London, June 1916
Topical Press Agency/Hulton Archive
Chinese Freemason Society, Limehouse, London
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty
World War I Worker sewing coats for soldiers Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty
August von MacKensen
A German Field Marshal, who drove the Russians from Warsaw and became de facto ruler of Romania until the Armistice c.1914
Topical Press Agency/Hulton Archive
WAR ANIMALS
Dog Drawn Machine Gun
The British Army used dogs to pull machine guns and other equipment throughout the war, c.1916
Classic Image/Alamy Stock Photos
Horse Landing a horse is landed from a British military transport ship in Boulogne, France, c.1915
Central Press/Hulton Archive
Dogs of War were employed in a variety of positions including carrying vital supplies to the front line c.1917
Topical Press Agency/Hulton Archive
Animal Hero
Horse wounded rescuing a soldier, c.1915
Topical Press Agency/Hulton Archive
Monkey Mascot belonging to a sailor on the HMS Ganges Chronicle /Alamy Stock Photos
Sailor with War Ships Cat on the HMS Warspite with mascot Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty
Radio Horseman c. 1917 Hulton Archive/Getty Images
English Bulldog at Rally in Wembley Stadium with collection box on back, September 1918
A.R. Coster/Hulton Archive
UNUSUAL
Stop and Go Signal, novel British military control used in France, c.1917
David McLellan/National Library of Scotland
We are Making a New World, is a 1918 oil on canvas by Paul Nash. The optimistic title belies its depiction of a scarred landscape created by WWI IWM/Getty Images
Declaration of War 4 August 1914 Topical Press Agency/Hulton Archive
Vera Brittain, an English Voluntary Aid Detachment nurse during most of WWI. In 1933, she wrote, “Testament of Youth”, a memoir of her experiences during WWI, c.1915
Hulton Archive/Getty Images
The Futurists, c.1915
Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Kitchener and Claude Conder Co-authors of the Survey of Western Palestine, c.1874 Pinterest
AMERICANS AND THE WAR
Victory Parade through London lead by General Haig and General Foch and other war leaders, 19 July 1919
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty
American Pilot with Fox Mascot
For Alan/Alamy Stock Photos
Americans Arriving in France
Keystone-France/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images
Coming Home
High angle view of a transport ship full of American troops arriving in New York City at end of WWI c.1919
Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Clever Impromptu Visit
German
crew on
U-Boat
in
Newport Harbor, Rhode Island.
After a brief visit with local Naval officers and a peek of the local newspapers, the U-Boat departed and on the very next day sank 5 European merchant ships off the coast of Nantucket, Rhode Island, 7 October 1916
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty
Douglas Fairbanks speaking in front of the Subtreasury Building in New York City to aid the third Liberty Loan bond, April 1918
Everett Collection Historical/Alamy Stock Photos
USS Hancock Arriving in St. Nazaire, France, 2 July 1917
American Photo Archive/Alamy Stock Photos
Get ‘Em Up
United States Naval Training Camp in Seattle, WA., a soldier amplifies the sound of his bugle by blowing into a giant megaphone c.1917
American Photo Archive/Alamy Stock Photos
ARMISTICE, PEACE, CELEBRATIONS
Peace Delegates at Versailles, c.1919
Hulton Archive/Getty Images
French Children Welcoming Americans
Chronicle/Alamy Stock Photos
Peace Party
A children’s tea party in an East End Street, London, celebrating the Treaty of Versailles, c.1919 Central Press/Hulton Archive
Troop Train
The last of the guards leave Cologne bound to London, c.1918 Topical Press/Getty Images
Street Party celebrating the end of war, c.1919
Central Press/Hulton Archive
NEARING END OF WAR, CEREMONIES
Villagers Greet British Troops
For Alan/Alamy Stock Photos
Heroes’ Welcome
Soldiers awarded the Victoria Cross leaving Buckingham Palace after investiture ceremony, c.1918
Topical Press Agency/Hulton Archive
Smiling British Soldiers enter Lille, France, following liberation, October 1918
Everett Collection Historical/Alamy Stock Photos
Hero Hunters
An autograph hunter held back as she attempts to reach group of soldiers leaving Buckingham Palace following investiture ceremony, c.1918
Topical Press/Hulton Archive
The Armistice Carriage in which the Armistice was signed on 11 November 1918, being presented to Germany in 1921
Hulton Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty
Irish War Heroes in London
Topical Press/Hulton Archive
Freemasons in Exhibit
Great Britain
King Edward VII (1841-1910) founding Master of Navy Lodge No. 2612
Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (18501942) initiated in Prince of Wales’ Lodge No. 259. In 1901, his brother resigned from the position of Grand Master, United Grand Lodge of England to assume the throne as King Edward VII. Arthur became the new Grand Master for the next 37 years.
HRH Edward, Prince of Wales (1894-1972) member of the Household Brigade Lodge No. 2614
HRH Prince Albert (1895-1952) member of Navy Lodge No. 2612
George James Bungard (1876-1915) member of Prince Edward of Saxe Weimar Lodge No. 1903
Adolph Coles Charlton (1890-1916) member of St. Helen’s Lodge No. 531
Winston Churchill (1874-1965) member of Studholme Alliance Lodge No. 1591
Edward Cooper, VC (1896-1985) member of St. John’s Lodge No. 80
Harry Crannage (1887-1918) member of United Brethren Lodge No. 1923
Robert Edward Cruickshank, VC (1888-1961) member of St. Vedast Lodge No. 4033
Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis (1891-1952) a member of the Grand Lodge of England and served as Grand Steward and Grand Warden
Alfred Ball, VC (1896-1917) the Provincial Grand Lodge of Nottingham created a memorial in his name
Cuthbert Bromley, VC (1878-1915) member of Invicta Lodge No. 2440 and Mooltan No. 1307, Province of Bengal
Herbert Dabbs (1878-1916) member of St. Clair Lodge No. 2074
Frank Poyser Dean (1879-1916) member of Daintree Lodge No. 2938
Herbert Smith Denham (1879-1916) member of United Service Lodge 1428
John Henry Stephen Dimmer, VC (1883-1918) member of Pentangle Lodge No. 1174 and South Carolina Lodge No. 390, West Indies
George Montford Drew (1893-1918) member of Lodge of St. Oswald No. 1124
Victor Ellison (1884-1916) member of Daintree Lodge No. 2938
Albert Edgar Elmes (1881-1915) member of United Service Lodge No. 3124
Oswald A. G. Fitzgerald (1876-1916) member of Kitchener Lodge No. 2998 and McMahon Lodge No. 3262
John Denton Pinkstone French, 1st Earl French of Ypres (1852-1925) member of Cutlers’ Lodge No. 2730
Bernard Cyril Freyberg, 1st Baron Freyberg (1889-1963) member of the Household Brigade Lodge No. 2614
Isaac Gorfunkle (1876-1918) member of Bootie Lodge No. 1473 and Knole Lodge No. 1414
John Vereker Gort, 6th Viscount Gort, VC (1886-1946) member of the Household Brigade Lodge No. 2614
John Elisha Grimshaw, VC (1893-1980) member of Llangattock Lodge No. 2547
Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig (1861-1928) member of Elgin’s Lodge at Leven No. 91 (Grand Lodge of Scotland)
Evelina Haverfield (1867-1920) member of Golden Rule Lodge No. 21
Alick Humphrey (1872-1916) member of United Services Lodge No. 1428
Edward William Humphrey (1880-1915) member of Graystone Lodge No. 1915
Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum (1850-1916) member of 15 Lodges during his travels, served as District Grand Master of Egypt, the Sudan and the Punjab
Thomas Foster Jackson (1878-1915) member of Lodge of Industry No. 873 and Mooltan Lodge No. 1307, Bengal
John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe (1859-1935) Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of New Zealand and upon his return to England was made a Grand Warden of United Grand Lodge of England
Freemasons in Exhibit (cont.)
Sir Thomas Lipton (1850-1931) member of Glasgow’s Lodge Scotia, No. 178
Dame Florence Burleigh Leach (1874-1956) she joined the Honourable Fraternity of Ancient Freemasons as a member of Golden Rule Lodge No. 1 in 1910
William Lund (1873-1918) member of Egerton Lodge No. 1392
Herbert Ward Milligan (1884-1917) member of Uva Lodge No. 3429
Walter William Moore (1883-1915) member of Inhabitants Lodge No. 153
Cyril Louis Norton Newall, 1st Baron Newall (1886-1963) Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of New Zealand
Harry Phipp (1874-1915) member of King’s Navy Lodge No. 2901
Leslie Stephen Robertson (1864-1916) member of Jerusalem Lodge No. 197
Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts, VC (1832-1914) member of Khyber Lodge No. 582, Aldershot Army and Navy Lodge No. 1971, and Old Wellingtonian Lodge No. 3404
Sir Ernest Shackleton (1874-1922) initiated into Navy Lodge No. 2612, London on July 9, 1901. Also a member of Guild of Freeman Lodge No. 3525
Walter Sparrow (d. 1/1/1915) member of King’s Navy Lodge No. 2901
George Thomas Stallard (1882-1916) member of St. George’s Lodge No. 1958
Henry Surguy-Shields (1881-1916) member of Bulwer Lodge of Cairo No. 1068
Albert Mark Sutton (1880-1915) member of Lord Charles Beresford Lodge No. 2404
John Benjamin Baldwin Randall (1880-1918) member of St. Clair Lodge No. 2074
George Richardson (1886-1915) member of United Service Lodge No. 3124
Aubrey Jocelyn Nugent Thomas (1886-1915) member of Invicta Lodge No. 2440 and Mooltan Lodge No. 1307, Province of Bengal
George Alfred Albert Warn (1881-1915) members of King’s Navy Lodge No. 2901
Richard Raymond Willis, VC (1876-1966) member of St. John and St. Paul No. 349, Malta and Mooltan No. 1307, Bengal
General Sir Francis Reginald Wingate (1861-1953) member of Bulwer Chapter, No. 1068, Cairo and Grecia Lodge No. 1105, Cairo France
General Joseph Jacques Joffre (1852-1931) member of Alsace Lorraine Lodge, Paris, France
Germany
Admiral Alfred Von Tirpitz (1849-1930) member of Lodge Zur Aufrichtigen Herzen, Frankfurt
South Africa
General Jan Smuts (1870-1950) Grand Provincial Lodge of South Africa and Lodge de Goede Hoop, Cape Town
United States of America
General Henry “Hap” Arnold (1886-1950) member of Union Lodge No. 7, Junction City, Kansas
Douglas Fairbanks (1883-1939) member of Beverly Hills Lodge No. 528
General Douglas MacArthur (1880-1964) member of Manila Lodge No. 1, Philippines
General George C. Marshall (1880-1959) made a mason at sight by the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of the District of Columbia, WA
General John Joseph “Black Jack” Pershing (1860-1948) member of Lincoln Lodge No. 19, Lincoln, Nebraska
Captain Eddie Rickenbacker (1890-1973) member of Kilwinning Lodge No. 297, Detroit, Michigan
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945) member of Holland Lodge No. 518, New York
FRONT COVER
Window of Rememberance, Freemason’s Hall, London
BACK COVER
Artist’s impression of the new Freemason’s Hall in 1933
