Texas Freedom Colonies: A Bibliography

Texas Freedom Colonies: A Bibliography Compiled by Grace Kelly, MPSA; Andrea Roberts, Ph.D.; Schuyler Carter, MURP & Kendall Girault as of July 20, 2020

THE TEXAS FREEDOM COLONIES PROJECT – ATLAS & DIGITAL HUMANITIES PROJECTS Biazar, M.J., Roberts, A. (2019). Participatory Mapping GIS Tools for Making Hidden Places Visible: A Case Study of the Texas Freedom Colonies Atlas. TAMU OakTrust. https://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/handle/1969.1/177491 Kuzio, J., Roberts, A., Biazar, M. (2018). Bringing Freedom Colonies into the Transportation Conversation [ArcGIS Map]. https://arcg.is/1XPiPW Owens, F., Roberts, A., Biazar, M. (2018). Dallas Area Freedom Colonies. [ArcGIS Map]. https://arcg.is/1mKqre Roy M., Roberts, A., Biazar, M. (2018). Essence at Bay: Can the TXFC Atlas be leveraged to inform flood mitigation practitioners? [ArcGIS Map]. https://arcg.is/1m5nLm Semien, J., Roberts, A., Biazar, M. (2018). The Voiceless: From the Mouth of Babes https://spark.adobe.com/page/oWSRZuXS25cUt/ The Texas Freedom Colonies Project. (2019, March 28). Introduction to Atlas 2.0. [Video] YouTube. https://youtu.be/TE75VdtcTYw The Texas Freedom Colonies Project. (2019, March 28). Introduction to our Website. [Video] YouTube. https://youtu.be/VxvWeFWp7iU The Texas Freedom Colonies Project. (2019, March 28). Using Atlas 2.0. [Video] YouTube. https://youtu.be/OBPyWHM2CAg Zinn Education Project. (2020). Texas Freedom Colonies Project Atlas & Study. Zinn Education Project: Teaching People’s History. https://www.zinnedproject.org/materials/texas-freedom-colonies-project/ THE TEXAS FREEDOM COLONIES PROJECT – LECTURES, SCHOLARSHIP, & WORKSHOPS Blanks, J. & Cousins, T. [Esri Events]. (2020, June 3). Why Location Matters: Disaster Relief & Recovery.

[Video] https://youtu.be/pJZMXoY9ZMk Bozant, Y., Carter, S., Collins, S., & Roberts, A. [The Texas Freedom Colonies Project]. (2020, June 13).

TxFCP Juneteenth Coffee Talk. [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/5KoiEItwInw Graham, Priscilla 21st Century Freedom Colonies Exhibit https://youtu.be/iACtZEcnG-E Roberts, A.R. [University of Texas at Arlington]. (2017, Nov 18). Equity + Freedom’s Footprint in Dallas Freedman’s Towns. [Video] Vimeo. https://blog.uta.edu/dilloncenter/2017-equity-freedoms-footprint-indallas-freedmans-towns/ Roberts, A. (2017). When Does It Become Social Justice? Thoughts on Intersectional Preservation Practice.

National Trust for Historic Preservation, Preservation Forum.

Roberts, A.R. (2016). The Farmers’ Improvement Society and the Women’s Barnyard Auxiliary of Texas: African American Community Building in the Progressive Era. Journal of Planning History, 16(3), 222245. DOI: 10.1177/1538513216657564 Roberts, A. (2018, July 2). The Homeplace Aesthetic Lecture by Andrea Roberts – Organized by Nathaniel Donnett. [Video] https://youtu.be/NEFA1Xcl6k4

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Roberts, A. [UVA School of Architecture]. (2019, Feb 21). Andrea Roberts – Curating Freedom: Making Hidden Black Public Visible with Descendant Communities. [Video] YouTube. https://youtu.be/TRFmB9djwf0 Roberts, A.R. (2020, February 25). The Texas Freedom Colonies Project: Thick-Mapping Vanishing Black Places. National Center for Preservation Technology and Training.[Video] https://youtu.be/EERMag2C7jg Roberts, A. Clay History & Edu Svcs. (2017, Sept 4). Ep 1 Definitions & Impact. [Video] YouTube. https://youtu.be/Bmcf8JEf1aU Roberts, A.R. (2018). Interpretations & Imaginaries: Toward an Instrumental Black Planning History. Planning Theory & Practice, 19(2), 283-288.

Roberts, A. (2017). Documenting and Preserving Texas Freedom Colonies. Texas Heritage Magazine, 4, 1419.

Roberts, A., & Kelly, G. (2019). Remixing as Praxis: Arnstein’s Ladder through the Grassroots Preservationist’s Lens. Journal of the American Planning Association, 85(3), 301-320.

Roberts, A. (2020). Count the Outside Children! Kinkeeping as Preservation Practice Among Descendants of Texas’ Freedom Colonies. National Trust for Historic Preservation Forum Journal, 32(4), 64-74.

Roberts, A., Nelson, T., McCray, F., & Clay, L. [The New York Public Library]. (2020, June 19). JUNETEENTH: Creating Legacy in Contested Places. [Video] YouTube. https://youtu.be/CpIW6R-kh0o Roberts, A.R., & Biazar, M.J. (2019). Black Placemaking in Texas: Sonic and Social Histories of Newton and Jasper County Freedom Colonies. Current Research in Digital History, 2(6). DOI: 10.31835/crdh.2019.06.

Roberts, A.R. “The End of Bootstraps and Good Masters: Fostering Social Inclusion through Counternarrative Creation,” Preservation and Social Inclusion. Issues in Public Policy Series. (2020). United States: Columbia University, Graduate School of Architecture.

Roberts, A.R. & Matos, M. (2020) Adaptive liminality: Bridging and bonding social capital between urban and rural Black meccas, Journal of Urban Affairs, DOI: 10.1080/07352166.2020.1722030 Scott, D. (2017). “Oral History and Emplacement in ‘Nowhere at All’: The Role of Personal and Family Narratives in Rural Black Community-Building.” Social & Cultural Geography 75, 1–20.

The Texas Freedom Colonies Project Overview. (2020) https://issuu.com/freedomcoloniesproject/docs/the_texas_freedom_colonies_overviewupdated_2020 The Texas Freedom Colonies Project. Saving Texas Freedom Colonies (2020). https://issuu.com/preservationtexas/docs/saving_texas_freedom_colonies FREEDOM COLONIES, FARMING, & BLACK LAND OWNERSHIP Baum, D. (2009). Burdens of Landholding in a Freed Slave Settlement: The Case of Brazos County’s “Hall’s Town.” Southwestern Historical Quarterly, 112(2), 184-204.

Boyd, D.K., Franklin, M., & Myers, T. (2014). From Slave to Landowner: Historic Archaeology at the Ransom and Sarah Williams Farmstead. Texas Historical Commission, Current Archeology in Texas.

Deaton, B. J., Baxter, J., & Bratt, C. S. (2009). Examining the consequences and character of “heir property.”

Ecological Economics, 68(8), 2344–2353.

Kelley, S. (2007). “A Texas Peasantry? Black Smallholders in the Texas Sugar Bowl, 1865–1890.” Slavery & Abolition 28(2), 193–209.

Loftus, S. (2017). Negotiating Ownership in a Contested Landscape: A Consideration of Post emancipation Black Community Development during Jim Crow in Anderson County, Texas. East Texas Historical Journal, 55(1). Article 4.

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Mitchell, T. W. (2000b). From reconstruction to deconstruction: Undermining black landownership, political independence, and community through partition sales of tenancies in common. Northwestern University Law Review, 95, 505.

Mitchell, T. W. (2005). Destabilizing the normalization of rural black land loss: A critical role for legal empiricism. Wisconsin Law Review, 2, 557.

Reid, D.A. (2006). Furniture Exempt from Seizure: African-American Farm Families and Their Property in Texas, 1880s-1930s. Agricultural History, 80(3), 336-357.

White, M.M. (2018). Freedom Farmers: Agricultural Resistance and the Black Freedom Movement. UNC Press Books.

FREEDOM COLONIES – ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING, PRESERVATION, & ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE Bauml, M. & David, O.L. (2008). From School House to Hay Barn to Museum: The Columbia Rosenwald School in Brazoria County, Texas. American Educational History Journal, 35(1/2), 279-291.

Bullard, R. D. (1983). Solid waste sites and the black Houston community. Sociological inquiry, 53(2‐3), 273288.Bullard, R. D. (1993). Environmental racism and invisible communities. W. Va. L. Rev., 96, 1037.

Clay History & Edu Svcs. (2017, Sept 14). Ep 2 Unique Preservation & Research. [Video] YouTube. https://youtu.be/z-_qAiDrvKE Clay History & Edu Svcs. (2019, Feb 23). “Cool Research” – Odom Homestead Preservation Project. [Video] https://youtu.be/jYAq1h2ZVPI Conrad, J. & Lawe, T.M. (2005). Preserving Rosenwald Schools in East Texas: The Sand Flat and Richland School Project. East Texas Historical Journal, 43(2). Article 8.

Crouch, B. A., & Schultz, L. J. (1970). Crisis in Color: Racial Separation in Texas During Reconstruction. Civil War History, 16(1), 37-49.

Cuba, D. (2019). The Importance of Preserving the Histories of Freedmen’s Towns. Houston Center for Photography: Spot Magazine. https://hcponline.org/spot/the-importance-of-preserving-the-histories-offreedmens-towns/ Hendricks, M. D., Meyer, M. A., Gharaibeh, N. G., Van Zandt, S., Masterson, J., Cooper Jr, J. T., ... & Berke, P. (2018). The development of a participatory assessment technique for infrastructure: Neighborhoodlevel monitoring towards sustainable infrastructure systems. Sustainable cities and society, 38, 265274.

McGrath, J., Martinez, M. M., & Rodriguez, E. Mapping Violence Syllabus (Brown University Undergraduate Course; Taught by Monica Muñoz Martinez, Jim McGrath, and Edwin Rodriguez; Spring 2020). https://hcommons.org/deposits/objects/hc:30226/datastreams/CONTENT/content McQueen, C. (2000). Black churches in Texas: A guide to historic congregations (Vol. 85). Texas A&M University Press.

Meeks, T. (2011). Freedmen’s Town, Texas: A Lesson in the Failure of Historic Preservation. Houston History, 8(2), 42-44.

Newman, G. D. (2020). Origin of the Institute for Sustainable Communities. Engaged Research for Community Resilience to Climate Change, 41.

Podagrosi, A., & Vojnovic, I. (2008). Tearing down Freedmen's Town and African American displacement in Houston: The good, the bad, and the ugly of urban revival. Urban Geography, 29(4), 371-401.

Roberts, A. (2019). "Until the Lord come get me, burn it down, or the next storm blow it away": The aesthetics of freedom in African American vernacular homestead preservation. Buildings & Landscapes: Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum, 26(2), 73–97.

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Roy, A., & Rolnik, R. (2020). Methodologies for Housing Justice Resource Guide, Summer Institute for Housing Justice, Institute on Inequality and Democracy at UCLA Luskin, August 2019. Housing Justice in Unequal Cities Network.

FREEDOM COLONIES & MUSEUMS, ARCHIVES, & ARCHAEOLOGY Boyd, Douglas K., Maria Franklin, and Terri Myers.(2011). "From Slave to Landowner." ARCHEOLOGY IN TEXAS: 8.

Graham, P. T. (2017). Historic Freedmen's Town. Lulu Press, Inc. Knott, C. (2014). The publication and reception of the Southern Negro and the public library. In Race, Ethnicity and Publishing in America (pp. 51-76). Palgrave Macmillan, London.

Jalbert, C., & Kimbell, J. H. (2019). Proposed Horsepen Bayou Conveyance Improvements City of Houston, Harris County, Texas. Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State, 2019(1), 16. https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2462&context=ita McDavid, C. (2011). When is “gone” gone? archaeology, gentrification, and competing narratives about Freedmen’s Town, Houston. Historical Archaeology, 45(3), 74-88.

McDavid, C., Feit, R., Brown, K.L., & McGhee, F. (2013). African American Archaeology in Texas: A Planning Document. The Community Archaeology Research Institute, Inc, prepared for the Texas History Commission. https://www.thc.texas.gov/public/upload/publications/African-American-Archeology-inTexas-A-Planning-Document.pdf Owens, J. A. (2005). “Placelessness and the Rationale for Historic Preservation: National Contexts and East Texas Examples.” East Texas Historical Journal 43(2), Article 6.

Roberts, A. [Clay History & Edu Svcs]. (2019, Feb 6). “Cool Research” – The Digital Archive. [Video] YouTube. https://youtu.be/XRkd0t6-l1M Scott, J. N. (2019). To the City Up North: African American Migration from Antioch Colony to Austin, Texas, 1900–1940. Transforming Anthropology, 27(2), 105-113.

Scott, J. N. (2018). Place and Mobility in Shaping the Freedmen’s Community of Antioch Colony, Texas, 1870– 1954. Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage, 7(1), 1-16.

Skipper, J. (2015). “Saving St. Paul: Race, Development, and Heritage Politics in Dallas, Texas.” The Black Scholar 45(3), 24–38.

FREEDOM COLONIES, STORYTELLING, & CULTURAL TRADITIONS Bullock Texas State History Museum. (2020, Jan 31). I Am Texas: Gloria Smith, Bullock Museum Texas Story Project. [Video] https://youtu.be/C-SjxIZ59C4 Burnim, M., & Commentator, G. C. R. (2012). Homecoming (Family and Friends Day): Cultural Resources. The African American Lectionary.

Cardenas, C. (2019, Jan 29). Telling the Story of a Texas Freedom Colony Through Decades of Photos. Texas Monthly. https://www.texasmonthly.com/the-culture/telling-story-texas-freedom-colony-throughdecades-photos/ Clay History & Edu Svcs. (2017, Sept 21). Ep 3 The Upshaws of County Line. [Video] YouTube. https://youtu.be/23UuiO6HgvY Franklin, M. & Lee, N. (2019). Revitalizing Tradition and Instigating Change: Foodways at the Ransom and Sarah Williams Farmstead, c. 1871-1905. Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage, 8(3), 202-225.

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Roberts, A. (2018). Performance as Place Preservation: The Role of Storytelling in the Formation of Shankleville Community’s Black Counterpublics. Journal of Community Archaeology & Heritage, 5(3), 146-165. DOI: 10.1080/20518196.2018.1480002.

Ross, D. (1996). Black sacred harp singing in East Texas. In F. E. Abernethy, P. B. Mullen, & A. B. Govenar (Eds.), Juneteenth Texas: Essays in African-American folklore (No. 54). Denton, TX: University of North Texas Press.

FREEDOM COLONY BOOKS (ALL SUBTOPICS) Barr, A. (1996). Black Texans: A History of African Americans in Texas, 1528-1995. University of Oklahoma Press.

Barr, A. (2004). The African Texans. Texas A&M University Press.

Barr, A. (2008). Blacks in East Texas History: Selections from the East Texas Historical Journal; Edited by Bruce A. Glasrud and Archie P. McDonald; Foreword by Cary D. Wintz; with Contributions by Alwyn Barr...[et Al.]. Texas A&M University Press.

Bullard, R. D. (1987). Invisible Houston: The black experience in boom and bust (No. 6). Texas A&M University Press.

Cimbala, P.A. (2005). The Freedmen’s Bureau: Reconstructing the American South After the Civil War. Krieger Publishing Company.

Corn, M. (2019). The Ground on Which I Stand: Tamina, a Freedmen's Town (Vol. 22). Texas A&M University Press.

Glasrud, B.A. & Smallwood, J. (2007). The African American Experience in Texas: An Anthology. Texas Tech University Press.

Glasrud, B.A. & Liles, D.M. (Eds.). (2019). African Americans in Central Texas History: From Slavery to Civil Rights. Texas A&M University Press Graham, P. (2016). Houston African American Settlements, Self-Published. Paperback Matheson, R. J. (2015). The Upshaws of County Line: An American Family by Richard Orton. Southwestern Historical Quarterly, 119(2), 219-220.

Mears, M.M. (2009). And Grace Will Lead Me Home: African American Freedmen Communities of Austin, Texas, 1865:1928. Texas Tech University Press.

McGhee, F. L. (2016). Environmental Reviews and Case Studies: Heritage Dispatches from the American Approaches of Hell: Public Housing, Historic Preservation, and Environmental Impact Analysis. Environmental Practice, 18(3), 192-204.

Mulroy, K. (2003). Freedom on the Border: The Seminole Maroons in Florida, the Indian Territory, Coahuila, and Texas. Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech University Press.

Pruitt, B. (2013). The Other Great Migration: The Movement of Rural African Americans to Houston, 1900– 1941. Vol. 21. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press Reid, D. A. (Ed.). (2009). Seeking Inalienable Rights: Texans and Their Quests for Justice (Vol. 112). Texas A&M University Press.

Sitton, T., & Conrad, J.H. (2005). Freedom Colonies: Independent Black Texas in the Time of Jim Crow.

University of Texas Press.

Temple-Raston, D. (2002). A death in Texas: A story of race, murder, and a small town’s struggle for redemption. New York, NY: H. Holt.

Wilkison, Kyle G. Yeomen, Sharecroppers, and Socialists: Plain Folk Protest in Texas, 1870-1914. Vol. 30.

Texas A&M University Press, 2008.

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THE TEXAS FREEDOM COLONIES PROJECT – MEDIA COVERAGE & INTERVIEWS Austin, J. (2018, Oct 24). Texas Freedom Colonies Project Helps Map the State’s Past and Future. The Huntsville Item. https://www.itemonline.com/news/texas-freedom-colonies-project-helps-map-thestates-past-and-future/article_3ef984e0-dc98-5b41-8169-51945562f27e.html Depland, M. (Host). (2020, June 14). Podcast Episode 12: Juneteenth and Texas Freedom Colonies [Audio podcast episode 12]. In Texas Housers. https://texashousers.org/2019/06/14/a-little-louder-podcastepisode-12-juneteenth-and-the-freedom-colonies/ Fitzwater, T. (2018, Aug 9). Gonzalez Moving Forward on Freedom Colonies Project. The Gonzalez Inquirer. http://gonzalesinquirer.com/stories/gonzales-moving-forward-on-freedom-colonies-project,25507 Forsyth, J. (2019, Oct 16). Freedom Colonies Trace the Growth of Post-Civil War African American Texas.

1200 News Radio WOAI. https://woai.iheart.com/content/2018-10-16-freedom-colonies-trace-thegrowth-of-post-civil-war-african-american-texas/ Hertz, L. (2020, Jan 30). Uncovering Community: Research by Andrea Roberts ’96 is Revealing Long-Hidden African American “Freedom Colonies.” Vassar Stories. https://stories.vassar.edu/2020/uncoveringcommunity.html Good Black News. (2018, Oct 26). Texas A&M University Project Will Document Post-Civil War “Freedom Colonies” that Existed Throughout Texas. Good Black News. [Post] https://goodblacknews.org/tag/freedom-colonies/ Katz, C. (2019, July 14). Freedom Colonies Project Working to Document Early African-American Settlements Throughout Texas. The Eagle. https://www.theeagle.com/townnews/history/freedom-colonies-projectworking-to-document-early-african-american-settlements-throughout-texas/article_09784cbc-a5df11e9-b5c4-8b69e39ea364.html Lewis, B.A. (2019, Dec 16). Communities Strive to Preserve African-American History at Texas’ ‘Freedom Colonies.’ Houston Chronicle. https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houstontexas/houston/article/Communities-strive-to-preserve-African-American-14909510.php Mulder, B. (2019, Mar 20). Project Seeks to Memorialize Freedom Colonies in Bastrop County. Brownwood Bulletin. https://www.brownwoodtx.com/news/20190320/project-seeks-to-memorialize-freedomcolonies-in-bastrop-county Olin, R. (2020, Feb 24). A Rush to Map Freedom Colonies Before a Crucial Part of History is Lost. Rice: Kinder Institute for Urban Research. https://kinder.rice.edu/urbanedge/2020/02/25/rush-map-freedom-coloniescrucial-part-history-lost Poppe, R. (2019, Feb 17). Texas A&M Professor’s Research Highlights Significance of Texas Freedom Colonies. [Audio] Texas Public Radio. https://www.tpr.org/post/texas-am-professors-research-highlightssignificance-texas-freedom-colonies Roberts, A.R. (2020, Jan 23). The Freedom Colony Repertoire: Promising Approaches to Bridging and Bonding Social Capitol between Urban and Rural Black Meccas. Dumbarton Oaks. https://www.doaks.org/research/mellon-initiatives/mellon-initiative-in-urban-landscape-studies/middaydialogues/roberts-2020-03-19 Roberts, A.R (2018, July 12). Black Kids in Outer Space. Dr. Roberts. Texas Freedom Colonies Project.

[Video] YouTube. https://youtu.be/twPLcP4PPbM Smith, S. (2020, June 10). “Houston’s Pleasant Green-Culbertson cemetery is like many African-American graveyards - rundown and blocked off” Houston Chronicle.

Texas A&M College of Architecture. (2019, April 29). New Horizons for Texas Freedom Colonies Research.

[Video] YouTube. https://youtu.be/V8Rohwnkz8A

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Vine, Katy. 14 Resources for Teaching Your Kids About Racial Injustice (2020, June 12). Texas Monthly. https://www.texasmonthly.com/the-culture/14-resources-teaching-kids-racial-injustice/ Walk-Morris, T. (2020). Putting Freedom Colonies On The Map. American Planning Association. https://www.planning.org/planning/2020/feb/intersections-engagement/ Watts, E. (2019, Oct 8). Documenting Historic Black Settlements in Texas. Texas A&M Today. https://today.tamu.edu/2018/10/08/texas-am-professor-documenting-historic-black-settlements-in-texas/ Watts, E.A. (2020, Feb 5). Stormont Lecture Continues with “The Texas Freedom Colonies Project.� Victoria Advocate. https://www.victoriaadvocate.com/361mag/entertainment/stormont-lecture-continues-withthe-texas-freedom-colonies-project/article_bc4a7612-4422-11ea-ba44-7b06d6bd54a9.html Witte, K. (2019, July 11). A&M Professor wins Grant to Preserve Historic African American Settlements. [News Story]. KBTX. https://www.kbtx.com/content/news/AM-professor-wins-grant-to-preserve-historic-AfricanAmerican-settlements-512606051.html

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