Renewable energy road map in France after the « Grenelle de l’environnement » 10-11 November 2010 François MOISAN Scientific Director Executive Director of strategie and research, ADEME Agence de l’Environnement et de la maîtrise de l’énergie French-Israeli workshop on renewable energies
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Energy- climate European package: 3 x 20 to 2020 • 20% GHG emissions decrease vs 1990 (p.m. Kyoto : 8%), 30% if substantial commitment from large emitters countries in Copenhagen • 20% renewable energy resources contribution to energy mix • 20% increase of energy efficiency French-Israeli workshop on renewable energies
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« Grenelle de l’environnement » : a large stakeholders consultation • 5 stakeholders groups : administration, parliament and local elected, business, trade unions, environmental NGOs • Several thematic groups : climate change, biodiversity, economics and research… • A final conference with President of Republic decisions • Two Laws presented at the Parliament : Grenelle 1 (orientations and objectives) and Grenelle 2 (measures and implementation) • A follow up by 37 committees
First priority : climate change, GHG emissions reduction in buildings and transport and renewable energy French-Israeli workshop on renewable energies
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France : the 4th lowest carbon intensity of OECD countries CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (tons/1000 US $), 2005
French-Israeli workshop on renewable energies
Source: OCDE
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France : second most important renewable energy producer in EU 18
40.0%
Elec. Ă partir d'ENR Chaleur finale d'origine biomasse Chaleur primaire Biomasse Part en final
16
14
35.0%
30.0%
12 25.0%
10 20.0% 8
15.0% 6
10.0% 4
5.0%
2
0
0.0% GER FRA SWE
ITA
SPA
FIN
AUS ROM POL
UK
POR DEN NDL GRE CZE
LET
BUL
BEL HUN SLO
SLO
LIT
EST
French-Israeli workshop on renewable energies
IRL
LUX CYP MAL
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Renewable energy objectives : + 20 Mtoe by 2020 2006
2020
Thermal production
9 662 ktoe
19 732 ktoe
+ 10 070 ktoe
Electricity production
5 629 ktoe
12 860 ktoe
+ 7 231 ktoe
Biofuels
680 ktoe
TOTAL
15 971 ktoe
Extra renewables production
4 000 ktoe + 3 320 ktoe 36 592 ktoe
+ 20 621 ktoe
2 renewables will have a significant role: - Biomass (biofuels, thermal and electricity productions) + 16 Mtoe by 2020 - Wind power (80% of the total objective) French-Israeli workshop on renewable energies
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“Grenelle de l’Environnement” prospects 2020 French mix potential share: priority on Wind, Biomass and Biofuels ktoe
Others renewables
40000
Biofuels
35000
Solar PV
30000
Wind Hydro
25000
Biogas
20000
Waste heat
15000
Solar thermal
10000
Fuel cell
5000
Geothermal
0 2006
2012
2020
French-Israeli workshop on renewable energies
Biomass Domestic wood
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Renewable Energies market incentives - Income tax credit for energy production equipment using RES - Feed in tariffs (nominal power < 12 MW) - Call for tenders (nominal power > 12 MW) - Energy efficiency obligations and certificates - Heat from renewable fund managed by ADEME : 150 Mâ&#x201A;Ź for investment support in 2009 (biomass, geothermal, solar thermal, district heatingâ&#x20AC;Ś) Objective : + 20 Mtoe in 2020 French-Israeli workshop on renewable energies
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Public support for the « factor 4 » technologies • Several technologies are already available to reach 2020 objectives 3 x 20 (progress on cost and performance is to be achieved) • Breakthrough technologies are needed to reach “factor 4” : technology but also organizational and behavioral changes • R&D program implemented supporting public and private research (ANR, ADEME, FUI…) • Research demonstrator fund managed by ADEME (170 M€) between 2008 and 2010 • Investments for the Future for RES : 1.35 G € for demonstrators (ADEME) and 1 G€ for Institutes of excellence (ANR) French-Israeli workshop on renewable energies
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Renewable Energy Research priorities in France • Road maps available for demonstrators : – – – –
Solar energy (Photovoltaïc & CSP) Biofuels Marin energy (including floating wind generators) Smart grids, energy storage, buildings integration
• Road maps under work : – 2nd and 3rd biofuel generation – Large wind machines – geothermal Since 2009 public support to R&D on New Energy Technologies (renewable + energy efficiency) is higher than R&D on nuclear French-Israeli workshop on renewable energies
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Biofuels Research Demonstrators in experimentation (2009) : • Thermochemical transformation of biomass : – Bio-t-fuel : biodiesel through torrefaction (2009) – GAYA : gazeous motor fuel through methanation (2009)
• Biochemical transformation of biomass : Futurol (2008) French-Israeli workshop on renewable energies
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Research Demonstrators in Marine energy : 20 projects received (7 under decision : 2010) Sea tidal & current
Wave energy
Floating wind
Sea thermal energy
French-Israeli workshop on renewable energies
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CSP road map to 2050 : market structuration (call for proposal : end of 2010) Cycles à vapeur d’eau
Cycles à air
Stockage thermique
Récepteurs HT
KeyComposants components critiques
Miroirs
Production Integrated electricity d’électricité intégrée production
Les quatre technologies Récepteurs
Focalisé sur un point
Focalisé sur une ligne
Centrales à tours
Capteurs Fresnel linéaires
Fixes
- 100 MW Disques paraboliques
Cylindro paraboliques
Mobiles
-- 10 MW Hybridation solaire de centrales Hybrid plantfossiles ou la utilisant lessolar combustibles biomasse with fossil or biomass -- 1 MW
-- 100 KW
Conversion thermomécanique Thermodynamic moyenne et basse conversion medium température and low temperature
-- 10 KW
Concentrateur parabolique Parabolic concentrators et cycle de Stirling & stirling cycle
Systèmes Integrated intégrés systems
Flat Capteur collectors plan et & rankine cycle cycle de Rankine
-- 1 KW
Decentralized electricity Production d’électricité production décentralisée
French-Israeli workshop on renewable energies
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PV road map and needs for demonstrators (call for proposals end 2010) • 1st : Develop and experiment innovative PV devices (materials, cells, modules, component for building integration) ; • 2nd : Experiment systemic process or innovative equipment of PV cells or modules manufacturing ; • 3rd : Experiment business plans in order to minimize public support through maximization of electricity produced value ; • 4th besoin : Experiment & validate a management method of PV components lifetime performance. French-Israeli workshop on renewable energies
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