Chemical Catalog - FQE Chemicals

Chemical Catalog We create chemistries that improve the efficiency, safety and financial performance of our clients assets.

DESIGNED AND MANUFACTURED IN THE USA

fqechemicals.com

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Table of Contents 3

Why FQE Chemicals?

4 Website

11 Chemicals 11

FQE Degassing and Decontamination

12

FQE Solvents

5 Industries

13

FQE Pyrophoric

14

FQE H2S Scavengers

5

Refinery Debottlenecking

15

FQE NORM Decontamination

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Natural Gas Processing

16

FQE Scale Control

6 Mining

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FQE Odor Control

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18

FQE Degreaser

20

Related Content

21

Case History

Waste Treatment

6 Petrochemicals

8 Applications 9 Degassing 9

Chemical Decontamination

9

Heat Exchanger Cleaning

10

Tank Cleaning

10

Online Cleaning

10

Odor Control

10

Rail Car Cleaning

22 Videos 23

White Paper - Exchanger Cleaning

24

White Paper - NORM Decontamination

3

WHY FQE CHEMICALS?

Why FQE Chemicals?

Commitment to Safety and the Environment

We improve the efficiency, safety and financial performance of your assets with innovative and patented chemistries that provide superior value and performance.

At FQE Chemicals, we hold health and safety as a core value and we actively care for our employees.

Top reasons to choose FQE Chemicals.

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Saving you time on critical operations Chemicals designed to work efficiently Safer processes Reduce exposing personnel to hazardous conditions

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Drive down your costs Reduce the need for manpower and equipment

Patented products Continually innovating to meet tomorrow’s challenges

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It is the intention of the Company to conduct all phases of its operations in the safest possible fashion. Our goals are: • To provide our employees with a safe work environment, protecting them to the best of our ability from injury • To protect the public and our clients against injury or damage to the best of our ability • To protect our assets, vehicles, buildings, equipment and products against damage or loss • To protect our environment against spills or contaminations of chemical spills/ releases to the air, ground, water and soil FQE Chemicals is a proud member of the following organizations:

WEBSITE

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Visit our website to access technical data sheets, white papers and our extensive list of case histories.

fqechemicals.com

Refinery Debottlenecking Each unit in a refinery is susceptible to different types of fouling. Our website features fourteen different units, where we explain their process, the problems they cause and our chemical solutions.

Visit our refinery overview page

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INDUSTRIES

Industries We have experience with applications in diverse industries including refining, natural gas processing, petrochemicals, waste treatment, mining and more.

Refinery Debottlenecking Industry Description

As refinery business margins continue to decrease, it is important to utilize the most efficient, time-sensitive cleaning methods available.

Most importantly, these methods must maintain a high level of safety considerations. Chemical cleaning fulfills these goals.

Applicable Chemical Families

• FQE Solvent • FQE H2S Scavenger • FQE Pyrophoric • FQE NORM Decontamination • FQE Degassing • FQE Scale Control • FQE Odor Control • FQE Degreaser

INDUSTRIES

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Natural Gas Processing

Mining Decontamination

Waste Treatment

Petrochemicals

Natural gas processing comes with

Mines that are used to access deposits

Waste treatment can refer to either

Petrochemical processing includes

challenges such as the contaminants in

of valuable resources are susceptible to

municipal or industrial facilities. However,

cracking plants for olefin production

equipment causing reduced throughput

several types of fouling.

most types of waste treatment encounter

to linear low-density polyethylene

many of the same foulants. The

(LLDPE) catalytic process to alcohols

equipment used to clean wastewater can

and surfactants and a multitude of other

vary from sour water treating equipment

processes. One thing they all have in

in oil refining to water hardness scale in

common is that process equipment

Dissolved Flotation (DAF) systems.

fouling is a huge problem.

and compromising product quality.

In addition to the type of mine,

The processing of natural gas includes

the product being mined can also

removing contaminants like water vapor,

determine the type of foulants that will

hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide

appear in equipment.

from incoming gas streams.

• FQE Solvent

• FQE Solvent

• FQE Solvent

• FQE Solvent

• FQE H2S Scavenger

• FQE H2S Scavenger

• FQE H2S Scavenger

• FQE H2S Scavenger

• FQE Pyrophoric

• FQE Pyrophoric

• FQE Pyrophoric

• FQE Pyrophoric

• FQE NORM Decontamination

• FQE NORM Decontamination

• FQE Degassing

• FQE NORM Decontamination

• FQE Degassing

• FQE Degassing

• FQE Scale Control

• FQE Degassing

• FQE Scale Control

• FQE Scale Control

• FQE Odor Control

• FQE Scale Control

• FQE Degreaser

• FQE Degreaser

• FQE Odor Control • FQE Degreaser

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Applications and Chemicals Our chemicals can be applied in a variety of applications. The next page will provide information on our most common applications. The icons represent the application and are referenced underneath each chemical family.

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APPLICATIONS

Application Description

Degassing

Chemical Decontamination Heat Exchanger Cleaning

The demand for system

Eliminate dangerous elements inside

Pulling a heat exchanger for cleaning

decontamination which meets

your equipment in a way that minimizes

is frustrating, time-consuming and

or exceeds regulatory safety and

both cost and safety risk with our

expensive, but we can help. We custom

environmental requirements is growing.

chemical decontamination strategies.

engineer solutions and processes which

Degassing reduces personnel safety

Make your equipment safe to enter

clean heat exchangers in place, without

concerns and reduces the release of gas

without risking safety or downtime with

the delay, frustration and expense. No

into the environment while returning

chemical decontamination.

pulling equipment out of service for a week. No hydroblasting. No

units to full production in record time.

re-fabricating of bundles.

Results Using Our Chemicals

• Merges into the shutdown phase – minimizing turnaround time • Greatly reduces steam-out time • Limits release of hydrocarbon gas • Expedites entry into vessels without the use of fresh air • Reduces mechanical cleaning time • Wastewater disposal without concern for bio-culture toxicity

• Reduces exposure to safety risks of mechanical cleaning • Predictable and reliable application with lower risk to project costs • Faster execution reduces turnaround downtime • Leaves equipment safe for hot work

• Generates minimal waste • Completely recoverable oils for hydrocarbon based foulants • Less exposure to safety risk • Lower project costs • Faster project execution • Less handling of expensive pieces of equipment • Improve future heat transfer

APPLICATIONS

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Tank Cleaning

Online Cleaning

Odor Control

Rail Car Cleaning

For many facilities, the conventional

Industrial plant operation comes with

Malodors originating from processes

FQE Chemicals provides an innovative

tank cleaning practice is expensive

a diverse set of challenges that require

can negatively impact a facility due to

rail car cleaning system that is designed

and risky. But FQE Chemicals offers a

solutions tailored towards optimizing

safety concerns, public complaints and

to significantly reduce cleaning

chemical tank cleaning methodology

safety and productivity. We have

day-to-day operation inefficiencies. Our

durations and waste effluent volumes

that’s changing the industry standard.

developed a unique set of chemical

odor control products rapidly remove

via a vapor phase injection application.

No crew member enters the tank, no

products designed to function in fully

foul nuisance odors found in storage

Furthermore, our process does not

hazardous waste is emitted and up to

operating environments to continuously

vessels, wastewater and sludge. They

require manned entry and therefore

98% of your oil is recovered!

remove static foulants as well as act as

are designed to remove a variety of

eliminates manpower exposure to

an antifoulant.

problem odorants.

hazardous situations.

• Extend critical equipment run time

• Rapidly eliminate odors found

• Less exposure to safety risk

• Less exposure to safety risk • Lower project costs

and reduce equipment failure.

• Recoverable hydrocarbons

• Improve process uptime

• Less environmental harm

• Recover lost potential revenue with

• Expedites execution • Less manpower requirements

in process operations; including refinery, petrochemical, fertilizer, wastewater, etc.

throughput recovery

• Increase working productivity

• Optimize productivity

• Increase safety and eliminate

• Safer Operation • Increase time between turnarounds

personnel exposure concerns • Eliminate process impact due to public complaints

• Boosts your financial and business performance • Lower waste disposal costs • Recover hydrocarbon content as an unexpected revenue stream

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CHEMICALS

FQE Degassing and Decontamination Degassing is a chemical cleaning technique that reduces the hazards of dangerous gaseous elements inside processing equipment. To improve the degassing process, it is often recommended that decontamination (solvent circulation) precede degassing to minimize the source of contamination (e.g., sludge, heavy deposits, etc.).

FQE LEL-Vapor will preferentially absorb problematic

FQE LEL-Surface offers a perfect balance of cleaning

LEL’s from vapor spaces and equipment surfaces.

and LEL reduction through a patented formulation of

• Reduces degassing time • Applicable for all light hydrocarbons such as

powerful surfactants and solvents.

• Effective in reducing LEL readings in degassing

benzene, gasoline, alkylate, and para-xylene

operations

• Reduces the need for thermal oxidizers and

• Lowers LEL readings for faster entry

internal combustion engines

• Effective in decontaminating tanks after bulk oil

• Can be used when venting/flaring is not

removal

available or feasible

• Reduces the need for mechanical cleaning

Learn more about our degassing products

CHEMICALS

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FQE Solvent FQE Chemicals dispersants and solvents are designed to target and decontaminate deposits such as asphaltenes, heavy sludges, waxes, paraffins and polymers typically found in heat exchangers, vacuum tower bottoms, coker fractionator bottoms, oil storage tanks, and other hydrocarbon processing equipment.

FQE Solvent-H+ offers unsurpassed performance in

FQE Solvent-ME is a water-based micro-emulsion

dissolving and dispersing solid hydrocarbon deposits.

cleaner based on award-winning FQE Solvent-H+.

• Restores the efficiency of process equipment

• Saves money by removing the need for cutter stock

• Recovers valuable oil product as a reusable good • Virtually no waste is generated • Dissolves and disperses heavy sludges, asphaltenes,

purchase and/or storage • Leaves all surfaces water wet for inspection purposes, black light testing approved

waxes, and paraffins

FQE Solvent-HW is a polymer/wax dispersant and

FQE Solvent PR+ is very effective in dissolving

decontaminant.

hydrocarbon-based solids.

• Restores the efficiency of process equipment

• Reduces outage days compared with traditional

• Recovers valuable oil product as a reusable good • Virtually no waste is generated • Dissolves both aliphatic wax and asphaltene hydrocarbon deposits

mechanical cleaning methods • Dissolves hydrocarbon-based solids such as asphaltenes, resin, and various polymers • Non-corrosive to stainless steel and soft metals

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CHEMICALS

FQE Pyrophoric Control Provides a safe and effective method of neutralizing dangerous iron sulfide deposits on processing equipment to eliminate the hazardous fire risk.

FQE Pyrophoric is a non-toxic, non-hazardous formulation designed for application in any operation where pyrophoric iron presents a hazard.

Compared to potassium permanganate: • 50% more cost effective • 50% reduction in downtime; mitigation is twice as fast • No residual manganese byproduct • No adverse effects on waste water treatment

Learn more about our pyrophoric products

Winterized version of FQE Pyrophoric.

CHEMICALS

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FQE H2S Scavenger Our line of H2S Scavengers provide non-reversible elimination of harmful hydrogen sulfide gases in process equipment.

FQE H2S Scavenger is a highly efficient H2S scavenger

FQE Dithiazine Clean is designed to dissolve and

that reacts instantaneously and provides permanent

prevent precipitation of dithiazine solids commonly

elimination of H2S. This product works in both liquid and

formed when treating H2S in natural gas and refining

steam phases.

operations.

• Fast reaction time eliminates requirement for ancillary

• Can be applied as a maintenance treatment or

mixers and storage tanks – maintain a small footprint

continuously injected to prevent fouling

• Very cost effective compared to traditional chemical

• Effective in managing dithiazine solids in refining and

agents like permanganate and glyxol

gas processing operations

• Reduces the need for thermal oxidizers (TO) and

• Can be used in conjunction with H2S scavenging

internal combustion engines (ICE)

chemistry to eliminate the issue at the source

• Delivered as a liquid so no additional mixing or blending is required • Can be applied with other FQE cleaning/degassing products so one cleaning stage can be used for multiple contaminants

Learn more about our H2S products

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CHEMICALS

FQE NORM Decontamination NORM decontamination products remove Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material from contaminated equipment, reducing the cost of waste, and providing a much safer alternative to traditional cleaning methods.

FQE NORM-Clear is a patented, water soluble product

FQE NORM-Scale is used to remove surface scale

developed with selective extractants designed to

in NORM remediation and can be followed in this

completely remove NORM.

application by FQE NORM-Clear as a non-destructive

• Saves time and reaches areas not accessible by traditional hydroblasting methods

method to remove any radioactive material that is embedded in the metal pores.

• Reduces the volume of dangerous waste and the large expense of highly specialized disposal • Removes NORM radioactively from metal surfaces to allow the reuse or sale of previously contaminated material and process equipment • Less exposure to safety and environmental risks

Learn more about our NORM products

FQE NORM-Precip is intended to be used in conjunction with and following the application of FQE NORM-Clear to obtain radioactive free wastewater for reduced hazardous disposal.

CHEMICALS

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FQE Scale Control Scale control chemicals are effective at dissolving difficult scale deposits that collect on common refinery and utility equipment that cause reduced production and system flow.

FQE Barium-Clear controls scale in operating systems

FQE Scale-Solv SS is an engineered cleaning

where traditional acid treatments are not effective.

compound for removal of scale deposits and is

• Increases oil and gas, and petrochemical production by removing mineral scale that is restricting flow

especially effective for the removal of iron oxides and water salt deposits such as calcium carbonate.

• Non-acidic formula is personnel and equipment safe

• Safe for use on stainless steel metallurgy

• Anti-redeposition formula to maintain a

• Very cost-effective compared to other chloride-free

homogeneous fluid and prevent rescaling

alternatives

• Non-corrosive on most steel

• Effective on a wide range of scale deposits

Learn more about our scale products

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CHEMICALS

FQE Odor Control Chemistry designed to remove, neutralize and deodorize malodors occurring in equipment.

FQE Ammonia Odor is effective in the removal,

FQE General Odor is a specially formulated mixture of

neutralizing, and deodorizing of ammoniacal odors

environmentally safe compounds designed for odor

from processing and storage vessels typically found in

control associated with refuse, waste treatment, paper

refinery operations.

processing, rendering and other industrial processes.

FQE Mercaptan Odor eliminates mercaptans and disulfides in crude oils and in refinery operations through a unique chemical reaction process. • Odors are permanently removed through source elimination • Easily manage operations to threshold specifications for mercaptans and disulfides • Efficient and cost-effective treatment

CHEMICALS

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FQE Degreaser Degreaser products target foulants and provide efficient cleaning of oils and greases while ensuring safe working environments.

FQE Pore Clean is an environmentally safe, aqueous

FQE Degreaser Citrus is an environmentally friendly

FQE Oil Degreaser is an alkaline water-based degreaser

mixture developed as a final polishing step during a

concentrated liquid solvent cleaner containing

for efficient cleaning of heavy oils and greases typically

change of service. It will remove hydrocarbon from the

naturally occurring orange terpene solvents together

found in petroleum refineries. With its high pH this

pores of metal or substrate and will keep it dispersed

with a blend of selected anionic and nonionic

chemical is a moderate emulsifier that will phase

in water for several hours before any phase separation

emulsifiers and penetrating agents. It is an exceptional

separate removed oils when the cleaning liquid is static.

occurs.

choice for effective and safe work on difficult

A special blend of inorganic builders is incorporated for

hydrocarbon fouling.

water softening, detergency and all-around superior performance.

FQE Fin-Fan Degreaser is excellent in removing light

FQE Wax Degreaser is a liquid cleaning formulation

to medium oil contaminants typically found in refinery

containing a blend of penetrating and emulsifying

and petrochemical plant air coolers (Fin-Fans). It is safe

agents. These, coupled with a special blend of

for application to soft metal surfaces such as aluminum

inorganic “builders�, give a product with all-around

and brass. Excellent surface adhesion for prolonged

superior performance and economy for removal of

contact and superior degreasing activity.

waxes and hydrocarbon deposits.

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Contaminated Piping Before Treatment

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Related Content The following pages feature examples of the content you can find on our website. From case histories, white papers to videos that demonstrate our chemicals abilities.

Contaminated Piping After Treatment

21

RELATED CONTENT

CASE HISTORY

US refinery uses FQE® Solvent-H+ to improve safety while reducing outage time and eliminating mechanical cleaning costs A refinery located in the Midwestern area of the United States was looking to improve upon the efficiency and safety of their crude unit exchanger cleaning program.

Results Achieved

Summary of Case History The refinery typically ran a Heavy Canadian Crude and saw consistent issues associated

Over 50% Reduction in Outage Time

with heavy organics and asphaltenes. Prior to the vapor phase application, the refinery had utilized hydroblasting as their sole and preferred method to clean exchangers.

Due to consistent heavy fouling, these exchangers would typically take between 12 – 15 ten-hour shifts to complete. Furthermore, hydroblasting posed numerous safety

Eliminated Mechanical Cleaning Costs

challenges associated with handling high-pressure water. These shortfalls led the refinery to investigate pre-treatment options to reduce the hydroblasting duration and costs.

As a test comparison, the refinery elected to compare the parallel set of exchangers; one with no pre-treatment prior to hydroblasting and the other treated with the

Reduced Hydroblasting Mitigates Personnel Risk

patent pending FQE Solvent-H+ product. The Solvent-H+ treated bundle was vapor phase cleaned over a 4 – 6 hour period.

Following the cleaning process, the refinery compared the two parallel sets and found that their hydroblasting man-hours were reduced by over 50%, which made this a significantly safer process. Furthermore, the decreased time led to over 50% in mechanical cleaning cost savings.

View all our case histories

RELATED CONTENT

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VIDEOS

Our Library of Chemical Lab Videos

Rail Car Cleaning Application with our Specialized Chemistries

Dissolving Crystalline Asphalt

Petrochemical Heat Exchanger Debris Dissolution

Vacuum Tower Bottoms Sample Dissolution

View our video library

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RELATED CONTENT

WHITE PAPER

Online/In-Service Exchanger Cleaning

Download the white paper

New shock treatment application for heavy hydrocarbon fouled exchangers.

Summary of White paper Crude Asphaltene Oil Composition and particles C A Sare E Hbelieved I S TO R Y to exist in oil partly dissolved and partly in colloidal and/or micellar form. Whether the asphaltene particles are dissolved in the crude oil, Asphaltene Fouling in steric colloidalSuccessful form or in micellarOn-Line form dependsAsphaltene to a large extent on the presence

R EFINERY P ROF ILE

Crude Unit - Texas Refinery

Improve efficiency and financial performance

CRUDE C APACITY

S

Barrels per day 310,000Remediation of Vacuum Tower Bottoms

of other particles (aromatics, resins) in the crude oil. Small asphaltene molecules can Crude oils are composed of two major organic components; low molecular weight oil fraction be dissolved in the petroleum fluid, whereasarelatively large asphaltene particles may (aromatic and paraffinic saturates) and high molecular weight fraction flocculate out of the solution and can then form steric insoluble colloids. in paraffinic liquids. The Example of various asphaltene insoluble portion is often referred to as asphaltenes. Asphaltenes are characterized by a high molecular compounds are depicted above weight and a broad molecularof weight distribution have a high tendency.

Asphaltene fouling Precipitation the asphaltene in aand paraffinic crudecoking oil is known to be irreversible.

Results Achieved refers to asphaltenic in pipelines, storage vessels, transport vessels and WHITE PAPERDue compounds to their largeprecipitating size and theirout adsorptive affinity to solid surfaces, precipitated asphaltenes can especially in process equipment (heat exchangers, reboilers, etc.) operating at elevated temperatures. cause irreversible deposition which may not wash away by current remediation techniques.

Variousin fluid flow rate Clean exchangers Process equipment fouling in oil refineries and petrochemical industries 40% Improvement investigations have established that asphaltenes can existshock as micelles when in the presence of excess following is an on-going, severe and costly problem. of equipment resultsfouling during Crude oil low in aromaticsFouling content frequently results in equipment aromatic hydrocarbons.

75% Reduction in down time treatment in costly operational problems that include: transportation/storage and subsequent processing as the aromatic fraction is separated from the crude oil during the distillation process. The separation Experimental investigation has shown asphaltenes to be spherical, cylindrical or disk-like forms. All of is studies normally carried out at ranging from 100 toself-associate.

400°F (38-204°C) these are indicative oftemperatures the fact that asphaltene particles This is to say, asphaltene and more above 500°F (260°C). presence of agglomerations even a small quantity of molecules are usually attracted to one another andThe form yet larger of asphaltenic masses.

Inefficient asphaltenes in the crude oil causes fouling in the heat exchangers and distillation exchangers varied from 530-700°FVideo (277-371°C).

In August 2016, FQE Chemicals introduced the White Papers CaseofHistories Library Reduced reliability heat transfer Excessive equipment such aswhen the reboilers.

Additionally, asislighter hydrocarbon components It has been found that asphaltene deposit intocontact interface Thesolvents, chemical selected forinto trial wasView FQEvideos Solvent-H. This use ofAccess a proprietary chemical formulation for on-with aan wide range of case histories Ouraromatic white papers providean deep insights from our lab where we have and processing & subsequent maintenance the crude oil, such asabout propane, butane, ethane, condensate range and withofa large increase inlearn viscosity of to 1000 Poise is LPG formed. corresponding increase in viscosity theup variety of applications ourand This industry problems how our innovative tested a range of client samples to show product has been successfully used for asphaltene line removal of heavy organic deposits wherein flexibility increases in requirements hydrocarbons are removed during distillation, the balance in light ends to heavier chemicals utilized for. chemical products solve them. how effective our tower chemicals are. obstructs greater penetration ofare the solvent.

Additionally, it is observed that the aromatic solvent dissolution and dispersion many times in off-line the predominant fouling is caused by asphaltene energy costs hydrocarbon concentration isasphaltene changed and the tendency for asphaltene fouling is Typical fouled exchanger pulled systems are not able to keep the deposit in suspension when the stirring of the mixture is and tank cleaning operations. The product is designed deposition. The intent is to inject the chemical accelerated. prior to hydro-blasting operationsceased fqechemicals.com/case-histories fqechemicals.com/videos causing re-deposition of operating the asphaltenes the was surface. to not negatively impact downstream refinery catalytic product into an systemtothat heavilyfqechemicals.com/resources operations, cause emulsion stability nor interfere with contaminated with asphaltenes causing severe fluid In general, solids in crude oil fall into two classes: “basic sediment” and “filterable solids”. These waste water processing. flow restrictions and loss of production. particulates have an economic impact on the petroleum industry. Carried along with the oil, they can Potential safety cause fouling, foaming, erosion, corrosion and other undesirable problems.

Depending on the case, Equipment Reduced Following the injection of FQE Solvent-H over the 24A Texas based refinery processing heavy Canadian and environmental coagulants or flocculants mightdamage provide some aid in solids removal.

Coagulants are molecules with Various attempts in the industryperiod to throughput hour treatment and pre-turnaround operations, crude provided an opportunity to treat heathave been made concerns strong polar charge that act to disrupt charges on the surface of the oilthe droplets that prevent remediate removal ofotherwise asphaltenic deposits inbundles petroleum the exchanger were removed without delay exchangers from the vacuum tower bottoms coalescence. Flocculants act to agglomerate small particle size inorganicand solids into larger particles that production refining equipment. general, circuitry. The intent of the project was to confirm andIn were foundthe to practice be in a “cleaner” condition than can then precipitate based on density. is tothe take the equipment and after production typical high-pressure water blasting. The Crude product feasibility to prolong runtime of the off-line from initiate some methodThe to remove the organic deposit Unitheavy management team reported that the exchangers heat exchangers prior to shutdown operations.

Depositions of the heavy organics present in oil can happenaccumulation. due to variousThe causes depending onaromatic solvents circulation of hot “have never been this clean”. As the 24-hour chemical exchangers have historically been taken out-of-service, Fouling can take many forms. Besides dissolved salts that can form scales,may there isbeen organic and biological their molecular nature.

Diamondoids and paraffin/wax cause deposition due to lowering oforganic deposits. A has used to reduce the heavy injection proceeded, there was a continual reduction the shell cut-off and the bundles removed and taken materials that canthe foulcrude filters,oilpiping, heat exchangers, distillation towers, storage vessels temperature and the formation of crystalline solids.

Resinsamong are notother known to deposit combination of effected solvent treatment reverse andand normal ofand pressure drop increase in the fluid flow rate to a cleaning location where cleaning was processing equipment. on their own, but they deposit with asphaltenes. The reasons for asphaltene depositionwith hot oil have been tried with circulation fluid movement through the exchangers so that after 24 hours of by employing high-pressure water blasting.

The time vary on many factors including variations of temperature, pressure, oil wellscomposition, with mixed results. treatment the fluid flow rate had improved by over required to remove the exchanger bundle for waterControl of foulingflow, is dependent onimperfections understanding theelectrokinetic type of fouling and the mechanism vessel wall and effects.

When various that initiates the 40%. blasting has typically been 3-4 days with substantial fouling process. For example, for polymerization fouling following can be utilized; caustic scrubbing heavy organics are in the crudethe oil, their interactive effects Thepresent injection of various chemical additives has had inconsistent resultstowhere the ratio of asphaltene waste generated.

Alberta Perth, Western Australia Head Office remove sulfur compounds, anti-oxidation additives to inhibit the polymerization reaction initiator, orCalgary, desalting can change the behavior of the majority components.

This to resin content is unknown or not high enough to minimize the deposit accumulation.

Typically, FQE Chemicals has recommended the use of FQE Suncor 14 Cocos Drive Deer Park, Texas to remove metal initiators.

Corrosion fouling can beof controlled by the use of surface coatings either as anti-Energy Centre, West Tower is especially important when one the interacting mechanical methods such adecided wire scrappers moles for downhole tubing and pipeline Solvent-H as an anti-foulant additive to the crude The refiner to try a and FQEline Chemicals #5100 Bibra Lake, Perth, WA 6163 4820 Railroad Street foulant paints or as filming amine products designed to protect the surface against the accumulation of – 150 6th Ave SW heavy organic species is an asphaltene.

Forpredominant technology for reducing line applications has recommended been the and improving fluid oil stream to reduce theflow. occurrence of equipment “shock” treatment where a selected blockage Deer Park, Texas 77536 mixing of high paraffinCalgary, Alberta T2P 3Y7 corrosion byproducts.

For asphaltene fouling, reducing shear and minimizing content example, a regular waxy crude containing fouling where it is in downhole petroleum production asphaltene anti-foulant chemical product would be Office: 08 9434 3919 streams with asphaltenic oil streams reduceswill thebehave fouling. minute crude amounts ofrefinery asphaltenes In circumstances, the application of high water blasting with approaching or pressures refinery operations.

A recommended dose rate injected over a 24-hour period at pressure a dose rate of 1000 Intl: +61 8 9434 3919 +1 (281) 476-9249 +1 (403) 538-3050 differently at low40,000 temperatures the psig are(below commonplace exchanger bundle removal. While of some of 50-100 ppmbeneficial of FQE Solvent-H into the daily ppm based onfor theheat crude oil flow rate.

Thefoulant chemical wax cloud point)effect, compared a clean waxy thesewith methods are costly and result in a crude large loss of production to the equipment crudedue production stream can substantially reduce injection was directly into the oil stream being revenues crude with no other heavy organics present. necessitating being off-line.

Copyright ©2020 of the contaminated exchanger equipment fouling and extend production run times processed upstream while minimizing maintenance costs. bank. FQE The Chemicals operating temperature of the heat | 3 fqechemicals.com fqechemicals.com All Rights Reserved 4 |

Visit our website to access technical bulletins, white papers, Heat Exchangers videos and our extensive library of case histories.

In-Process Asphaltene Anti-Fouling

Online / In-Service Exchanger Cleaning Improve

efficiency

and financial

Results

Achieved

and the asphaltenes H 2S of LEL and

were deposits sludge cleaning chemical

Minimal after left over

Chemicals

Utilized

operational problems that include: • Reduced reliability and processing flexibility;

Improve efficiency and financial performance

Improve

CASE HISTORY

Chemical Decontamination of a Primary Separation Settler FROTH & SOLVENT FEED

VAPOUR SPACE

BITUMEN & SOLVENT FEED

Typical Separation Settler Diagram

and financial

performance

Significantly reduced cleaning mechanical costs and timelines dissolving by heavy fractionator sludge in the bottoms

60˚

WATER, SOLIDS & ASPHALTENES UNDERFLOW

Results Achieved FQE® Solvent-ME,car utilized LEL-V for a rail company located FQE® refinery A service reduction in down time Road, and petroleum50% at FQE® Clean application from cleaning

efficiency

Chemica Degassinl Decontamination g of a Coker and Fractiona tor Achieved

Results

Process saved 12-24 outage hours of time; manpower entry with no delays

LAUNDER LIP

VERTICAL FEEDWELL

DEFECTOR PLATE

increased efficiency thousands Cleaning and times, saving over 20 in manpower of dollars charges equipment

Dissolved all traces removed

on-going, severe and costly problem. Fouling of equipment results in costly

performance

CASE HISTORY

mination

l Deconta Chemica Rail Car of Service & Change

CASE HISTORY

• Process equipment fouling in oil refineries and petrochemical industries is an

LEL and

Clean Cone Bottom

H2 S reduced

to 0

Chemicals Utilized A large Canadian oil sands operator utilized FQE® Solvent-H, FQE® LEL-V, and FQE® H2S to clean a large primary separation settler in record LEL-V time.

An oil refinery in Wyoming Canadian crude utilized running FQE® LEL-V, heavy FQE®

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PAPER

NORM

mination

Deconta

application chemical of radioactive New exclusive mitigation for the industry options and gas the oil scale in

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On-line / Exchang In-Service er Cleaning

New shock treatment hydrocarbon application fouled exchangers for heavy

FQE® H Solvent-H, The product in the vessel was made up of mostly solvent (C5/C6), and bitumen. their turnaround cars 2 S, and Dissolved therail asphaltenes and The vessel had a top cylindrical section with an internal diameter of 15.2 meters, deon their outage operations FQE® Pyrophoric be fully of service removed needed all tracestoof LEL and H2S and a conical bottom section with a 60° angle. The settler was enclosed by a time. a change and saved for The cars to conduct hemispherical roof to contain the vapors released from the froth and solvent service.

1 day of Previously, was looking fluid (ethanol) contamination. mixture. The previous attempt by a competitor to clean the settler left LEL the client Equipment mechanical The refiner oil) to clear over a scheduled of cross had utilized through Minimal sludge deposits were (crude present due to the solvent that was trapped in the asphalteneCleaned buildup in the terpene-based dark oil any possibility completely client traditionally 12-hour for a more left over looking after chemical cleaning the cars eliminate period. cone of the vessel. type chemistries » Coker cleaning oiled to Upon completion had issues and was steaming Fractionator had been 4-5 days and this with LEL » Three of the injectionon the towers the client would hours. Due and VOC 1 car every FQE Solvent-H was applied first to dissolve and flushStripper away heavy deposits at end up Previously, levels of the crude to issues of around their tight timelines. period, Towers » Pentane at Chemicals the at a rate the bulk with prior delaying manpower that required the bottom of the vessel. Afterward, FQE LEL-V and FQE H2S were applied to Absorber to meet rail cars means method. additional Chemicals applications, to remove Utilized into the entry alternative process remove LEL and H2S respectively. The whole operation was done in record time a new process an additional efficient with steam drain was oil-free.

Prior to injected decontamination chemical in the with a minimum deposit residue at the bottom. was chosen; 12-24 bottoms cavities communication application, of the initial was vapour-phased out of the the FQE As part the porous as part Solvent-H coming at the bottom it was confirmed rail cars relocating down to Solvent-ME the effluent into the oil, FQE that there the injection of the coker rate until truly de-oiled; injected fouled fractionator. was a lack of at the bottom. point and a controlled all the cars were subsequently LEL-V indicated that This resulted fluid previous Road was that the To ensure turnarounds. It was confirmed in FQE Clean H2S that fouling fractionator was steel surface, was significantly completely polish. of a final higher than

• Inefficient heat transfer and subsequent increases in energy costs;

in Delaware.

LEL-V

New shock treatment application for heavy hydrocarbon fouled exchangers

Off-Line or In-Place Cleaning

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• Excessive maintenance requirements; • Potential safety and environmental concerns • Equipment damage; • Reduced throughput.

• Exchanger Cleaning with FQE® Solvent-H • FQE Solvent-H dissolves fouling deposits in process equipment and restores system efficiency. This yields two very important results: it lowers disposal costs and eliminates the need for personnel entry into a confined space, which results in a much safer cleaning process.

• “Successful Online Asphaltene Remediation of Vacuum Tower Bottoms Heat Exchangers” Case History Results • 40% improvement in fluid flow rate.

• 75% reduction in downtime.

RELATED CONTENT

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WHITE PAPER

NORM Decontamination

Download the white paper

New exclusive chemical application options for the mitigation of radioactive scale in the oil and gas industry.

Summary of White paper Refinery Profile

FQE™ Chemicals was contacted by a Texas-based

Health EffectsCleaning of NORMPractice SATS Gas Plant located Standard Radiation Measurements Case History

Improve efficiency and financial performance

petroleum refining company to investigate the use

in a Texas Refinery of our product, FQE NORM-Clear , developed for Encountered Challenges

The health effects of NORM are a function of the energy transmitted to the body as the radiation dissipates excess Results Quote the client: The partisoftothe radiation monitor is the detector, in which the ionization occurs due to thefrom absorption is standard practice theessential oil abandon contaminated into Itliving cells, which mayincontamination. result inindustry cellular damage and genetic mutation. In the present framework of the mitigationenergy of radioactive scale During α/β-particles the performance ofCƴ-photons. the several obstacles/difficulties were encountered that stopping power the is no single instrument capable of detecting allimpacted types of the overall Rare Uproject, Dgrouped E aCtypical AThere PAC equipment (pumps, piping, etc).

Where of abandonment isornot practical, radiation protection, effects originated by exposure of humans to radiation as: IT Y theparticles draining ofβ) the and aby water outcome ofFollowing the work. radiation (α,β,ƴ) and energies of blasting the (α, orchemical photons liquid (ƴ) emitted NORM. Under operational conditions, decontamination process is to use high pressure water at pressures of Refinery staff have routinelyVessel encountered varying rinse of the equipment, refinery HSE personnel all α- and β-particles will be scales. absorbed the wall of pipelines and othermeasured facility equipment, so that only ƴ-photons Type up to 40,000 psig to physically remove radioactive Theby waste products thevapor-phase level of radioactivity interior the vessel.

The detected Depropanizer Temperature Following the degassing stage,of the tower be detected.

However, ƴ-photons until 200 keVAgainst Time Chart (contaminated water and solids) are subsequently collected and disposed of as may Deterministic effects: harmful tissue reactions due in large part the killing/malfunction of cells in large levels of radioactive contamination within amount ofto radioactivity was belowwas the safety was left towere cool and the third-party contractor not policy The ƴ-radiation as follows: in a 1.5 cm thick steel wall. Only Depropanizer 190 88 hazardous material at damage large measurements expense to the owner. this process can will also be absorbed quantities resulting in organ following high dosesIn practice, Barrels perbeday for personnel entry. Maintenance staff were200 keV may escape from the advised thatrequirements the application was to performed at an exceeding ƴ-photons 180 83 take several days complete.

Background, Sample, Variance, their processing equipment.

Theto source ofelevated the temperature. allowed to enter the tower with were standard eye so that 170 77 Since arrangements not PPE (gloves, WHITE PAPER Optimal Application Temperature Range Time operational equipment, deposits including CPM CPM CPM 160 71 228 did not 226 protection, and a half-face and require made in advance to circulate the waterrespirator) through the the Ra and Ra subserieswith may be detected by a Dimensions TOTA L C A PAC IT Y High pressure water blasting is the practice used by the refiner in this instance.

Piping contaminated NORM 150 66 effects: cancer and heritable effects involving either cancer development in exposed individuals radioactive scaleStochastic is the incoming crude oil slate specialized nor limited time.NORM survey. For these reasons, tower reboiler, heating safety had2,000 toequipment be conducted through meter exposure in an external 11:20 1,500 3,500 140 60 Not only would remediation personnel be exposed to ionizing radiation, but the owing to mutation of somatic cells or heritable disease in their offspring owing to mutation of reproductive Even though optimal were130 not met, steam sparging.

The steam spargechemical had the conditions effect ofmeasurement 54 the for radiation was conducted with a (D x L) 13’ 0” 109’ 5-1/2” refiner’s operating staff is also routinely exposed to low-level radiation doses from ƴ-radiation penetrating the This is usually associated with long term, low dose, low-level exposure. processed by thecells. refinery. radioactivity readings HSE staff were below 120 49 12:20 1,400 3,400 2,000 taken diluting the chemical concentration andby also making detector containing a NaI scintillation crystal capable of vessel case metal. As a safety conscientious employer, the refinery opted to try new technology available in the 110 of the 43 400 data CPM of onlittle the tower the majority specific gravity value. bottom where detecting ƴ-photons through sample containers.

Achieved Temperature Range marketplace 13:30 to reduce the 1,600 level of radiation 9,800 contamination and the potential harm to its employees.

100 38 8,200 radioactive scale was expected Barrels per day to be found. The90chemical 32 Application Even in the worst case scenarios involving NORM in the oiltreatment industry, deterministic effects are never the encountered. was processed through The chemical additionwater to the circulation water was process to besitefor 80waste27 The measuring chemical function was 14:15 1,600 9,800 8,200 This due to theassessment relative lowofabundances encountered and the tendency for manywithout NORM delay. species to self-absorb, The refinery did not have anisanalytical the radioactive scale 70 21 water done as quickly astreatment possible. Itfacility was recommended that to include designed testing the circulating water for Completed by third-party bulk material matrixof absorbs the energy from the underlying decays. In the oil industry, radiation 60 16 composition. However,whereby we couldthe presume the presence some regularly 15:15 1,600 10,000 8,400 a diaphragm or barrel pump be used by the refiner’s pH, specific gravity, and ƴ-radiation. A sample of the contractor 50 10 protection theare field of NORM exclusively concerns an adequate control of exposure to low doses where only encountered radionuclide speciesin that transported with well fluids.

For example, Case Histories White Video Library4 contractor to expedite the chemical addition. However, circulating water wasPapers taken one hour after completion of 40 effectsleading may occur.

16:15 1,600 8,400 radium (Ra) prefers thestochastic aqueous phase, to enhanced concentrations in 10,000 Inmetering spite of thethat various and complications encountered during thevideos product Access a wide range of case to Our white papers provide deep insights into View from 30 -1 our lab where we have a low volume pump washistories useddelays tothe inject FQE NORM-Clear chemical addition.

Samples were to FQE Chemicals was contracted to supply FQE® NORM-Clear, which is an exclusive chemistry used to selectively produced water. Radium is chemically similar to barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), calcium 20 -7 client samples to show learn the 9,400 variety of was applications our industry how our innovative tested a range of chemical for the about degassing process repurposed be drawn every hour problems forofthe testand parameters.

19:15 1,600 11,000 extract radioactive scale deposits.

As FQE Chemicals does not perform the service duties for application its 10 -12 Radiological protection is mainlyinbased ionizing radiation; which even at low doses can cause (Ca), and magnesium (Mg), and becomes incorporated GrouponII exposure sulfate or to carbonate application, the refinery considered the products process tothem. be a huge successhow and has our are utilized for.which chemical solve effective chemicals are. for the FQEchemicals NORM-Clear injection, provided 0for successful -18 chemical products, itprefer engineers the application process andofoffers to supply on-site consulting damage to genetic material in cells.

This result inphase the development radiation-induced cancer many years deposits and scales. Conversely, uranium and thorium thecan solid rock 0 Hour 1 Hour 2 Hour 3 Hour 4 Hour 5 Hour 6 Hour 7 Hour 8 Hour 9 Hour 10 (end of chemical insufficient injection rates.11,400 The prolonged During the chemical circulation process, it is expected 20:15 1,600 13,000 application of itsnor products.

The refiner can optAs to ahave service provider ofeffects. its choosing perform the application lateraqueous (somatic effects), water heritable disease in future generations, and any some developmental There are Chemical Injection Time and do not dissolve in the reservoir the resident oiladdition products. circulation) identified the chemical process astwo a best practice for the corporation. consumed valuable outage time by applying that the circulation water specific gravity would increase, fqechemicals.com/case-histories fqechemicals.com/resources fqechemicals.com/videos service. ways personnel can bereservoir exposed rock to radiation by radioactive material, including NORM. Irradiation from result, the parent radionuclides remain in the and onlyemitted appear natural very lowinactive chemical concentration. The loss of time inwould circulation at the target chemical strength reduced ƴ-radiation increase, and therefull would be a slight Background Radiation 238 sources. Irradiation 500 (end occurs of external sources and contamination from inhaled or ingested when the material emitting concentrations at the surface during drilling operations. nuclides of of 06:00 The daughter 1,600 the 2,100 amount radioactive scale removal. decrease the pH value. water rinse) For this outside project, FQEhuman NORM-Clear wasprominent injected intoexternal a volume of water added to the vessel. of Itinwas 226 210 body. Irradiation radiation the from sources occurs in the proximity the decided that a uranium and 232 thorium, such asis228located radium, radium, and lead, are A survey for background radiation conducted inrefinery the proximity of equipment theThe process vessels to be cleaned. Background cascade suited thewas timeline for the turnaround. refiner typically performs 238 with distance. decreases Inthorium thebest casehave of NORM, this is usually from contaminated emitting species expected to besources present.and Since both circulation uraniumapplication and 232 extremely the circulation step, theof on-site contractor used the 4 X 3 centrifugal tocounter circulate the tower liquid In practice, the gravitypump values were increasing. readings wereDuring consistently within the range 1400-1600 CPM using Ludlum hand-held Geiger a hot-water flush following performance of degassing operations.

They had an 18-hour time slot specific for completion of gamma whichradiation is capable of penetrating equipment casing.

Personnel frequently working in aproximity to long half-lives, both series are inradiation, secular equilibrium on a geological time scale, so pump that volume.

The inlittle use value couldas only produce approximately 400-500 GPMwater for liquid circulation. At this flow rate, the However, this parameter was of a live steam sparge into the and a high-sensitivity 2” X 2” NaI scintillation probe. theequipment hot-water flush in their schedule.

Working the refinery plant supervision, it was decided circulating to add the FQE prevented meaningful contaminated are unaware ofcan thebe low dose the ƴ-emission intensities of their respective daughter nuclides used forexposure. anwith tower liquid volume was replaced about once every 45-60 minutes. The liquid circulation flow rate affected the rate data collection due to the volume dilution occurring.

NORM-Clear to this hot-water flush cycle. indication of their parents presence. of scale surface removed to expose a new scale surface for chemical reaction.

Chemical Preparation It is important to recognize that even with low dose exposure, cellular damage is cumulative and the effects of Application conditions for FQE involves defined operating conditions. repeated exposure may not be in realized for NORM-Clear many years. For this reason, conscientious refiners have understood the While the presence of radioactive elements is evident processing equipment Thewas various time delays encountered performance of theCleaning work limitedTime Radiation Counts Minute Against Aaccumulation typical oil field frac tank used to hold 20,000 gallonsPer ofduring make-up water.

Following completion ofthe theideal treatment conditions. importance of radiation control. such as the crude desalters, the refinery had specific concern for the accumulated degassing service, awater sample of the flush water was Temperature: circulation at 160-180º F (71-83º C). taken for evaluation of free oil content. Residual free oil radioactivity detected within SATS gas plant gas separation towers (depropanizer and present in a vessel will compromise the performance of they-Radiation, radiation reduction chemical treatment as oil coats CPM debutanizer vessels).

Table Highlights Where Optimal Parameters Were the radioactive scales and prevents chemical contact.

After the sampleChemical of the post-degassing flush water wasNot Met 11400 pump 12000 pH determined to at beaacceptable, therange waterofheld in the frac potassium tank was pumped into using a 4alkaline X 3 centrifugal pH: circulation water preferred 11-12.5 using hydroxide astower the preferred The refinery staff conducted internal radioactivity measurements of the processing supplied by the service provider. equipment using a Ludlum Instrumentssource.

Geiger Counter and a GM Survey probe. As Achieved Parameters Optimal Parameters Differential 9400 10000 the relative the measurements for radioactivity were conducted inside the equipment, FQE NORM-Clear was added to the vessel water content using a small injection pump.

8400 8400Injecting FQE NORM-Clear 8200 Operating Temperature 8200 counts per minute (CPM) were likely inclusive of α, β, and ƴ-radiation energies.

During required circulating approximately 8 hours.

During the chemical injection time, the vessel was being circulated by use of the 4 Fluidtaken Velocity: water pumped at a flow rate of a minimum of 300 gpm for small volume 8000 the previous turnaround, radiation readings inside the vessels were in the range X 3 centrifugal pump.of 1,000 90-155º F (32-68ºC) 70-80ºF (21-27ºC) equipment a minimum for large volume equipment.160-180º F (71-82ºC) of 6,000 CPM. These readings were in excess of theirand facility safety policies forgpm allowing Calgary, Alberta Perth, Western Australia Head Office personnel entry without stringent safety protective measures. The refinery operations 6000 Tower Bubble Caps Following Treatment Tower Tray Following Treatment pH Chemical Circulation management staff began a survey of available technologies that could reduce the Suncor Energy Centre, West Tower 14 Cocos Drive Deer Park, Texas Chemical Concentration: v/v of FQE NORM-Clear in suitable make-up 10.4 - 10.8 11.5 - water.

12 1.1 presence of radiation and minimize human contact exposures. 3-5% th #5100 – 150 6 Bibra Lake, Perth, WA 6163 4820 Railroad Street Ave SW - 1.2 4000 Following completion of the chemical injection, a sample of the circulating water was drawn for pH measurement.

Deer Park, Texas 77536 Calgary, T2P pH 3Y7 since the The sample result was 10.6 pH, lower than the desired target pH of 12. It was decided not toAlberta adjust the Chemical Concentration 2000 2000 project hadthe experienced delaysshould in performance.

Office: 08 9434 3919 Make-up Water: volumes 2000 ofsignificant make-up water be limited to a volume required to circulate the water 500 1.5 - 2.5% 3 - 5% 50% without pump cavitation and to insure the concentration requirement is met. +1 (403) 538-3050 Intl: +61 8 9434 3919 +1chemical (281) 476-9249 The circulating water temperature was much lower than the target temperature at approximately 120º F (49º C).

0 Circulation Time The design was for the plantHour staff 1to circulate treatment water4through this not8be Hour 9 Hour 2 the Hour 3 Hour Houra5reboiler.

HourHowever, 6 Hour 7 could Hour 2 | accomplished, so it was decided sparge steam water to raise the water temperature.

The 9 hours toCopyright 12 - 16 hours ©2020into the circulating | 33- 7 hours fqechemicals.com Circulation Hrs. temperature never exceeded 160ºFQE F (71º C) during the treatment time.

Chemicals 4 |

73,000

Visit our website to access technical “I’m bulletins, whitethat papers, confident if we had videos and our extensive library of case histories.application, a smoother efficiency

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CASE HISTORY

Chemical Decontamination of a Primary Separation Settler VAPOUR SPACE

FROTH & SOLVENT FEED

VERTICAL FEEDWELL

DEFECTOR PLATE

and the asphaltenes H 2S of LEL and

were deposits sludge cleaning chemical

Minimal after left over

Chemicals

Utilized

LEL and

Typical Separation Settler Diagram

Results Achieved FQE® Solvent-ME,car utilized LEL-V for a rail company located FQE® refinery A service reduction in down time Road, and petroleum50% at FQE® Clean application from cleaning

and financial

performance

Clean Cone Bottom

H2 S reduced

to 0

Chemicals Utilized A large Canadian oil sands operator utilized FQE® Solvent-H, FQE® LEL-V, and FQE® H2S to clean a large primary separation settler in record LEL-V time.

An oil refinery in Wyoming Canadian crude utilized running FQE® LEL-V, heavy FQE®

FQE® H Solvent-H, The product in the vessel was made up of mostly solvent (C5/C6), and bitumen. their turnaround cars 2 S, and Dissolved therail asphaltenes and The vessel had a top cylindrical section with an internal diameter of 15.2 meters, deon their outage operations FQE® Pyrophoric be fully of service removed needed all tracestoof LEL and H2S and a conical bottom section with a 60° angle. The settler was enclosed by a time. a change and saved for The cars to conduct hemispherical roof to contain the vapors released from the froth and solvent service.

1 day of Previously, was looking fluid (ethanol) contamination. mixture. The previous attempt by a competitor to clean the settler left LEL the client Equipment mechanical The refiner oil) to clear over a scheduled of cross had utilized through Minimal sludge deposits were (crude present due to the solvent that was trapped in the asphalteneCleaned buildup in the terpene-based dark oil any possibility completely client traditionally 12-hour for a more left over looking after chemical cleaning the cars eliminate period. cone of the vessel. type chemistries » Coker cleaning oiled to Upon completion had issues and was steaming Fractionator had been 4-5 days and this with LEL » Three of the injectionon the towers the client would hours. Due and VOC 1 car every FQE Solvent-H was applied first to dissolve and flushStripper away heavy deposits at end up Previously, levels of the crude to issues of around their tight timelines. period, Towers » Pentane at Chemicals the at a rate the bulk with prior delaying manpower that required the bottom of the vessel. Afterward, FQE LEL-V and FQE H2S were applied to Absorber to meet rail cars means method. additional Chemicals applications, to remove Utilized into the entry alternative process remove LEL and H2S respectively. The whole operation was done in record time a new process an additional efficient with steam drain was oil-free.

Prior to injected decontamination chemical in the with a minimum deposit residue at the bottom. was chosen; 12-24 bottoms cavities communication application, of the initial was vapour-phased out of the the FQE As part the porous as part Solvent-H coming at the bottom it was confirmed rail cars relocating down to Solvent-ME the effluent into the oil, FQE that there the injection of the coker rate until truly de-oiled; injected fouled fractionator. was a lack of at the bottom. point and a controlled all the cars were subsequently LEL-V indicated that This resulted fluid previous Road was that the To ensure turnarounds. It was confirmed in FQE Clean H2S that fouling fractionator was steel surface, was significantly completely polish. of a final higher than

in Delaware.

LEL-V

efficiency

WHITE

PAPER

NORM

Significantly reduced cleaning mechanical costs and timelines dissolving by heavy fractionator sludge in the bottoms

60˚

WATER, SOLIDS & ASPHALTENES UNDERFLOW

Dissolved all traces removed

Improve

Results

Process saved 12-24 outage hours of time; manpower entry with no delays

LAUNDER LIP

BITUMEN & SOLVENT FEED

Achieved

increased efficiency thousands Cleaning and times, saving over 20 in manpower of dollars charges equipment

Chemica Degassinl Decontamination g of a Coker and Fractiona tor Achieved

90,000 CASE HISTORY

Results

Temperature ºF

Improve

mination

l Deconta Chemica Rail Car of Service & Change

CASE HISTORY

meeting all of your specifications we would have been truly ‘NORM-Clear’“

mination

Deconta

application chemical of radioactive New exclusive mitigation for the industry options and gas the oil scale in

WHITE

PAPER

On-line / Exchang In-Service er Cleaning

Temperature ºC

NORM Decontamination

New shock treatment hydrocarbon application fouled exchangers for heavy

New exclusiveApproach chemical application Chemical

0 2016-03-24 9:25 2016-03-24 9:40 2016-03-24 9:55 2016-03-24 10:10 2016-03-24 10:25 2016-03-24 10:40 2016-03-24 10:55 2016-03-24 11:10 2016-03-24 11:25 2016-03-24 11:40 2016-03-24 11:55 2016-03-24 12:10 2016-03-24 12:25 2016-03-24 12:40 2016-03-24 12:55 2016-03-24 13:10 2016-03-24 13:25 2016-03-24 13:40 2016-03-24 13:55 2016-03-24 14:10 2016-03-24 14:25 2016-03-24 14:40 2016-03-24 14:55 2016-03-24 15:10 2016-03-24 15:25 2016-03-24 15:40 2016-03-24 15:55 2016-03-24 16:10 2016-03-24 16:25 2016-03-24 16:40 2016-03-24 16:55 2016-03-24 17:10 2016-03-24 17:25 2016-03-24 17:40 2016-03-24 17:55 2016-03-24 18:10 2016-03-24 18:25 2016-03-24 18:40 2016-03-24 18:55 2016-03-24 19:10 2016-03-24 19:25 2016-03-24 19:40 2016-03-24 19:55 2016-03-24 20:10 2016-03-24 20:25

options for the mitigation of radioactive scale in the oil and gas industry Project Details

CPM

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• Health Effects of NORM • Even with low dose exposure, cellular damage is cumulative and the effects of repeated exposure may not be realized for many years. For this reason, refiners have understood the importance of radiation accumulation control.

• Standard Cleaning Practice • Standard industry practices include abandoning equipment or high pressure water blasting. Both options result in a large expense to the owner.

• NORM Decontamination with FQE® NORM-Clear™ and FQE NORM-Precip • FQE NORM-Clear and FQE NORM-Precip have been designed to address these highly challenging difficulties and to focus on efficient Radium removal through selective extraction and preferential adsorptive fractional precipitation. These techniques effectively target Radium for expedient and cost effective control of NORM scales and contaminated waters.

• NORM Decontamination Case History Results • Radioactivity was below the safety policy requirements for personnel entry.

• Staff did not require specialized safety equipment nor limited exposure time.

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• Treatment water was processed through the site wastewater treatment facility without delay.

Contact Us HEAD OFFICE fqechemicals.com

Deer Park, Texas

Edmonton, Alberta

Perth, Western Australia

4820 Railroad Street

9304 – 39 Avenue Northwest

14 Cocos Drive

Deer Park, Texas 77536

Edmonton, AB T6E 5T9

Bibra Lake, Perth, WA 6163

+1 (281) 476-9249

+1 (403) 538-3050

08 9434 3919 Intl: +61 8 9434 3919

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