FLOOD RESILIENT SETTLEMENTS; TANA RIVER RESILIENCE

FLOOD RESILIENT SETTLEMENTS; TANA RIVER RESILIENCE

FLOOD RESILIENT SETTLEMENTS Competition Host:The Architectural Association of Kenya(AAK) This is an open competition to design and detail replicable buildings & spaces in flood-prone areas, with the following features: - Low Cost Construction: Under $2000 - Locally Available Materials - Low Tech Construction - Adaptable Spaces and Types - Cultural Considerations

PROBLEM STATEMENT.....................

Imagine you had to rebuild your house that was swept away by floods? How would you build it, what materials would you use? how will you ensure that it does not get swept away again? With a Kshs 200,000($2,000) budget, come up with an innovative design for a flood resilient prototype house that can be adopted and replicated in flood-prone areas in Kenya.

Research shows that 38 % of all deaths due to hazards in Kenya are flood-related. Following the March 2020 floods, 237 people who have lost their lives due to the recent floods ending March 2020 in Kenya have also affected over 800,000 people in Kenya and 3 million in East Africa.

According to a 2019 world bank report, over the last three decades, flooding has represented the most frequent, financially damaging and deadly natural disaster in the country. Just last year between March and May 2018, 300,000 people were displaced and 170 died in flood-related disasters.

Flooding has been reported in more than three-quarters of Kenya’s counties (36 out of 47) which means that the solutions should be adapted to various county contexts.

DESIGN BRIEF.....................

The main focus of this competition is to design and detail a replicable modular home typology system for construction in various flood-prone areas.

Analysis, materials and technology that will offer resilience to any future floods.

Design Criteria The design should meet the following criteria: 1. Site location: remember to be specific to culture, context..etc Western: Budalangi, Lugare and Kano Coastal: Tana River Rift Valley: Ngambo 2. Situation and Site Analysis and consideration 3. 25 - 30 SQM metre in area 4. The total cost of construction including labor, transport, and materials not more than Kshs 200,000 ($2,000) 5. Construction time 6. Use of sustainable and affordable design principles 7. Site Planning and landscape Measures The main focus of this competition is to design and detail a replicable modular home typology system for construction in various flood-prone areas.

Analysis, materials and technology that will offer resilience to any future floods.

Floods leave hundreds of thousands homeless in Kenya by Andrew Wasike retrieved from https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/floods-leave-hundreds-of-thousands-homeless-in-kenya/1129523

Coronavirus, floods and locust swarms: Kenya is fighting a ‘triple whammy’ of crises by Elliot Smith retrieved from https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/18/coronavirus-floods-and-locusts-kenyas-triple-whammy-of-crises.html

Tana River Resilience THE RECURRENT PROBLEM.....

The Tana River Delta has always broken its banks every time there is heavy rainfall upstream. Kipini residents in Tana River county harbor stories of despair every time it rains. They have to endure weeks that sometimes run into months waiting for water in their flooded homes to subside and resume their livelihoods.

Those that have not been able to relocate to higher grounds spend this time in schools, churches and health centers, exposed to the cold and other diseases in temporary shelters. School life can no longer continue for the children while the parents can no longer till their land to sustain their financial status.

There is therefore a need to provide a resilient prototype to ensure a stable and sustainable livelihood for the residents of Kipini, Tana River county.

GENIUS LOCI......

The Tana River Delta is a special place which has international recognition as a Ramsar site because of its wetlands and rich biodiversity and presence of indigenous peoples.

The diverse ethnic background and cultures of the Tana delta communities add greatly to its special qualities.

Soils in the region are generally classified as Fluvisols These are generally black cotton soils with clay, loam an alluvial deposits.

ASSEMBLY...........

Access Road

Kipini village

A00 2 SCC

Line of Storage

Aclove above Tana River flood 3270 2880 plain

Kitchen 450

Tana River Resilience Tana River Resilience 1350

1

2

3

DN 4

Linkage 2.2M2

5

3

A00

SBB

Life during and after floods...

3 Life during and after floods...

A00 The Tana River Delta has always broken its banks every time there is heavy rainfall upstream. Kipini residents in Tana River county harbour stories of dispair every time it rains. They have to endure weeks that sometimes run into months waiting for water in their flooded homes to subside and resume their livelihoods. Those that have not been able to relocate to higher grounds spend this time in schools, churches and health centres, exposed to cold andDelta otherhas diseases temporary shelters.

School life can no longer continue for the children while Thethe Tana River alwaysinbroken its banks every time there is heavy rainfall upstream.

Kipini residents in the parents can noharbour loger tillstories their land to sustain financial status.

Tana River county of dispair everytheir time it rains. They have to endure weeks that sometimes run 2 There is therefore a need to provide resilienthomes prototype to ensure stable and the into months waiting for water in their a flooded to subside andaresume theirsustainable livelihoods. livelihood Those thatfor have residents Kipini, Tana River not beenof able to relocate to county. higher grounds spend this time in schools, churches and health centres, exposed to the cold and other diseases in temporary shelters. School life can no longer continue for the children while the parents can no loger till their land to sustain their financial status.

There is therefore a need to provide a resilient prototype to ensure a stable and sustainable livelihood for the residents of Kipini, Tana River county.

Use locally available materials Use simple and easy to Installation of water harvesting system interprete design strategies to reduce cost on transportation, with a tank installed for posterity. This purchase and reduce the embodied with local artisans as the will reduce pressure during the rains primary workers in the con- energy in these materials. This also since water for domestic use will be makes it easier for local labourers to struction to reduce overall Use locally available materials Use simple and easy to available toofusers during flooding.

Installation water harvesting system participate in delivery of these units. cost. reduce cost on transportation, interprete design strategies to with a tank installed for posterity. This purchase and reduce the embodied with local artisans as the will reduce pressure during the rains primary workers in the con- energy in these materials. This also since water for domestic use will be struction to reduce overall makes it easier for local labourers to available to users during flooding. participate in delivery of these units. cost.

SDD

5. Mosquito net fixed on proposis Julifora (Mathenge ) wood frame to control Entry of insects but allow free air flow

6.small proposis Julifora (Mathenge ) nailed on proposis Julifora wood frame

8. Thatched roofing on Polythene on Matt insulation on Pole rafters spaced at 600mm c/c on proposis Julifora (Mathenge ) Wood truss

7. Pole rafters spaced at 600mm c/c on proposis Julifora (Mathenge ) Wood truss

FUNCTION +PERFORMANCE+DESIGN PRINCIPLES........... SYSTEM DESIGN...........

A00 9/25/2020

2°31'42.4"S 40°31'35.2"E - Google Maps

2°31'42.4"S 40°31'35.2"E

2

from end

Variable 75 100 7525 100

450

1350

450

Post Outdoor assembly to Screws Metal Clamp RC Stump 250mm x 30mm x 6.5mm Living ground plinth Timber Post 125mm x 150mm x Screws Room

50-150mm Metal Clamp RC Stump Plinth Level 250mm x 30mm x 6.5mm Timber Post 125mm x 150mm x Compacted Screws 50-150mm Metal Clamp earthen plinth RC Stump Level 250mm x 30mm x Plinth 6.5mm finished to detail 125mm x 150mm x Compacted Screws 50-150mm Ground Level earthen plinth RC Stump Plinth Level to detail 125mm x 150mm xfinished Assembly to ground plinth Compacted 50-150mm Ground Level earthen plinth Metal Clamp Plinth Level x 30mm x 6.5mm finished to detail 250mmAssembly to ground plinth Compacted Ground Level RC Stump earthen plinth Metal Clamp 250mm xx 150mm 30mm x x6.5mm finished to detail 125mm Assembly to ground plinth 50-150mm Ground Level RC Stump Metal Clamp 125mm x 150mm x 250mmAssembly x 30mm x 50-150mm 6.5mm to ground plinth V-Shape for better RC Stump Metal Clamp grip 125mm xx 30mm 150mmx x6.5mm 250mm 50-150mm V-Shape for better 35 30Stump 35 RC grip 100 125mm x 150mm x 50-150mm Plan 35 30 35 V-Shape for better Detail at top end 100 grip

D

900 900

25

Details of RC pile

GSPublisherVersion 0.66.100.100

GSPublisherVersion 0.66.100.100

RC Stump 125mm x 150mm x 1:2:4 50-150mm Concrete topping

Variable 75 100 7525 100

Variable 75 100 7525 100

25

100

25

8.5

150

35 30 35

Variable

8.5

Parents Room

Detail at top end

6.5

150

1950

filing Typical Earth Plinth Concrete toppingSand 300-400 mm thick Flat Brick Soling 1:5:10

interlocking stabilized soil blocks environmentally sustainable, made from soil stabilized with 5% cement, compressed in manually and dried in the sun

Concrete topping

Variable

GSPublisherVersion 0.66.100.100

900

120

6.5

8.5

Compacted earth plinth with Cement concrete ELVATION 04 flooring ELVATION 01 ELVATION 03 6.5

ELVATION 02

8.5

GSPublisherVersion 0.66.100.100

1950

GSPublisherVersion 0.66.100.100

1950

900

GSPublisherVersion 0.66.100.100

1350

GSPublisherVersion 0.66.100.100

100

1350

1350

450

25

GSPublisherVersion 0.66.100.100

100

35 30 35

Timber Post

1950

900

900

900 1950 900 1350 1950

Parents Room

75 125

1350

900 1950 900 1350 1950 1350

1950 900 1350 1950

Cement-stabilized earthen plinth

6.5

150

900

900

8.5

1950

6.5

150

6.5 6.5 6.5 1208.5 8.5120 8.5

150

PVC Pipe Rain water gutter detail PVC Pipe Rain water gutter detail Compacted earth plinth with Cement concrete flooring finish detail GSPublisherVersion 0.80.100.100

1950 1350

450

1350

900

450

1350

1650

900

900 1950 1350

900 1950

1650 1650 1200

870 1350 1950

450 1200900

900

1650 1200 900 450

KSH 199,667.00

PVC Pipe Rain water gutter detail

top joint 2,000 Doors Detail ofUnit Windows Unit 1,500 100

870 1350

8.5

1950

8.5

6.5

120

150

6.5

Concrete Stump detail

GSPublisherVersion 0.80.100.100

Linkage

Position of Wire Mesh Reinforcement

Concrete Stump detail

Cement-stabilized earthen plinth

25

Metal Clamp 250mmPost x 30mm x 6.5mm Timber

Typical Earth Plinth Sand filing PVC Pipe Rain 1:5:10 Level 250mm x 30mm x Plinth 6.5mm 1:2:4 300-400 mm thick Flat Brick Soling Compacted earth plinth with Cement concrete flooring Concrete topping Compacted Screws Concrete topping water gutter detail earthen plinth Flat Brick Soling RC Stump finish detail Sand filing PVC Pipe Rain 1:5:10 Typical Earth Plinth 125mm x 150mm xfinished to detail Concrete topping Compacted earth plinth with Cement 300-400 mm thickconcrete flooring water gutter detail Sand filing 50-150mm Ground Level Flat Brick Soling finish detail Typical Earth Plinth PVC Pipe Rain Plinth Level 300-400 mm thick Assembly Sand to ground plinth Compacted earth plinth with Cement concrete flooring filing Compacted Typical Earth Plinth water gutter detail earthen plinth Metal Clamp 300-400 thick finishmm detail Pipe Resilient Rain AAKPVC Flood Settlements |toSept.

2020 x 30mm x 6.5mm finished detail 250mm Compacted earth plinth with Cement concrete flooring Typical Earth Plinth water gutter detail PVC Pipe Rain Ground Level RC Stump 300-400 thick finishmm detail Compacted earth plinth with Cement 125mm x 150mm x concrete flooring Flood Resilient Settlements | Sept.

2020 Compacted earth Cement concreteAAK flooring waterplinth gutterwith detail Assembly to ground plinth 50-150mm finish detail finish detail PVC Pipe Rain Compacted earth plinth Metal Clamp with Cement concrete flooring Compacted earth Cement concrete flooring waterplinth gutterwith detail 250mm x 30mm x 6.5mm finish detail V-Shape for better finish detail RC Stump grip Details of RC Pile 125mm x 150mm x 1350

TOTAL COST

75 125

Room

Concrete Stump detail Metal Clamp

Variable 75 100 7525 100

A00 SCC

Details of RC Pile

25

Plan

Metal Clamp 250mm x 30mm x 6.5mm Timber Post Screws Metal Clamp RC Stump 250mm x 30mm x 6.5mm 125mm x 150mm x Screws 50-150mm RC Stump Plinth Level 125mm x 150mm x 50-75mm thick stabilized Compacted 50-150mm earth capping finished earthen plinth Plinth Level to detail finished to detail 50-75mm thick stabilized 150-175mm thick Compacted Parents Level earth capping finished Ground on the sides Room earthen plinth to detail finished to detail Compacted earth plinth Assembly to ground plinth thick 50-75mm thick stabilized 150-175mm Parents Level Ground earth capping finished on the sides Room Metal Clamp to detail Compacted earth plinth 250mmAssembly x 30mm x 6.5mm to ground plinth 50-75mm thick stabilized 150-175mm thick earth capping finished RC Stump Metal Clamp on the sides to detail 125mm xx 30mm 150mm 250mm x x6.5mm earth plinth Compacted 150-175mm thick 50-150mm RC Stump on the sides 125mm x 150mm x 35 30 35 Compacted earth plinth 50-150mm 100 V-Shape for better grip Plan 35 30 35

Cement-stabilized earthen plinth

Variable

1

Details of RC Pile

Details of RC Pile

Concrete Stump detail

1650

2

2

1200

2

5

plinth

900

4

Details of RC Pile

870

3

Details of RC Pile

1950

2

Living Room 250mm x 30mm x 6.5mm to ground plinth Mesh 100Assembly

Mesh Reinforcement 25 75 25 Position of Wire Detail of top joint 125 Mesh 100 Reinforcement Section column 25 75of 25 Detail of top joint Position 125 Wire Parents Linkage of Room Mesh 100 Outdoor Section of column Reinforcement 25Living 75 25 Position Linkage of Wire Parents Room 125 Room Mesh Outdoor Reinforcement Living of column Section

Timber Post

Ground Level

Plan Detail at top end Concrete Stump detail V-Shape for better grip Details of RC Pile Cement-stabilized earthen plinth 1:2:4 Prosopis Julifora “Mathenge” Matt(makuti)insulation Coconut (cocos nucifera) tatch leaves Lime plaster Terminalia catappa (almond tree) ConcreteDetail Stump detail Concrete topping at top end Details of RC Pile 1:5:10 Cement-stabilized earthenV-Shape plinthfor better 1:2:4 topping Locally available Prosopis Mats ceilingConcrete insulation most widely material in detail Does not detach from the wall Concrete topping grip available thatching Plan Detail used at top as end Details of RC Pile Julifora Terminalia catappa (almond tree) trunk is Concrete Stump Cement-stabilized earthen plinth Timber Post Cement-stabilized earthen plinth “Mathenge” used in trussing and Wood Flat Brick Soling 1:5:10 are woven from locally harvested when subjected expansion inthe humidDetail tropics They are simple to process commonly used in making of Plan 1:2:4 Metal Clamp at top end Concrete topping Powder used in concrete strengthening Sand filing palm tree leaves and fix to a roofConcrete structure Stump detail flicted by solar radiation and Concrete topping 250mmeasy x 30mmto x 6.5mm Cement-stabilized earthen mdau boatsplinth (dug-out canoes Cement-stabilized earthen plinth Flat Brick Soling 1:5:10 Plan Detail at top end moisture.

Concrete Stump Screws detail 1:2:4 Concrete Stump detail Concrete topping

1350

1

3

Outdoor Living Room

Position of Level Wire Ground 12mm polythene Unit Mesh 1,500 4 6,000 detail finish 161,167 100 gauge 10,000 Reinforcement 50-75mm thick stabilized Assembly to ground plinth

from end 100

Reinforcement RC Stump 50-75mm thick stabilized Metal Clamp 25 75 25 47,015 Position of Wire 25 75 25 125mm x 150mm x 125 earth capping Position of Wire Section of column Thatch Roof finished 250mm x 30mm x 6.5mm Mesh 125 earth capping finished LABOUR 7. Pole rafters spaced at 600mm c/c on Julifora Wood truss 5. Mosquito net fixed on Mathenge wood Clamp frame to control 6.Julifora poles nailed on Mathenge wood frame 8. Tatched roofing on Polythene on Matt insulation on Pole 50-150mm Metal to detail Mesh 161,167 on mathenge wood frame Entry of insects but allow free air flow rafters spaced at 600mm c/c on Julifora Wood truss on Reinforcement to detail RC Stump 50-75mm thick stabilized 12mm polythene 9.25 14,800 Section column House Task Reinforcement Cost 25 75of 25 250mmMat x 30mm x 6.5mm Time Insulation mathenge wood frame 150-175mm thick 50-75mm thick stabilized Section column 25 75of 25 125mm 150-175mm thick 125 x 150mm x earth capping finished gauge Thatch Roof Skilled Unskilled component on the sides 125 earth capping finished LABOUR RC Stump 50-150mm on the sides to detail 9 50-75mm thick stabilized 9,562 to detail Compacted earth plinth V-Shape for better 8 hrs (1 day) Cost 12mm polythene 125mm1x 150mm2 x Substructure Setting 2,000 Section of column House Task out Time Mat Insulation 150-175mm thick Compacted earth plinth Section ofRafter column 6 earth capping finished 3,000 grip 150-175mm thick gauge 50-150mm Substructure & excavation Skilled Unskilled component on the sides Thatch Roof 7 to detail 2,100 on the sides MS Flat Bracket Rafter 8 hrs (1 day) Compact 2 1,000 Compacted earth plinth V-Shape for better 8 hrs (1 day) 150-175mm thick Substructure Setting out 1 2 2,000 35 30 35 12mm polythene Mat Insulation Compacted earth plinth SDD -ing MS Flat Bracket grip on the sides 100 Substructure &Screws excavation to attach Storage gauge Roof 2 1,070 Storage space Parents Thatch Linkage Parents V-Shape for better 16 hrs dys) 4,000 2530 Casting &space 2 2 Room Kid's Room Parents Room Room Screws to attach Rafter 8 hrs (1(2day) Compacted earth plinth Compact - rafter 2 1,000 Plan Detail at top end bracket to grip 35 30 35 flooring 12mm polythene bracket to rafter Outdoor Outdoor Thatch Roof -ingOutdoor Living MS Flat Bracket Mat Insulation Living Room 19 4,560Thatch Roof 100 Living gauge Room & " 16 Walling Masonry 2 2 400mm Ø PVC 400mm Ø PVC Ø 1/4Room , 4" 16 hrs hrs (2 (2 dys) dys) 4,000 Casting & 2 2 4,000 35 30 35 12mm polythene Screws to attach Parents room Rafter Plan Detail at top end 12mm polythene pipe gutter from end plastering 8M 100 flooring pipe gutter 70 10,500 gauge Roof bracket to rafter SAA Thatch 1 A00 Mat Insulation gauge Thatch Roof Timberwork Joinery & 3 2 MS Flat Bracket 1350 24 hrs (3 dys) 13,500 hrsend (2 dys) 4,000 Ø 1/4 " , 4" Walling Masonry & 2 2 400mm Ø PVC Plan Detail at16 top Purlins polythene 1:2:4 12mm assembly from end Mat Insulation Screws to attach Rafter 12mm polythene pipe gutter 356 32,040 plastering SBB Concrete topping Mat Insulation gauge Roofing Joinery & 2 2 40 hrs (5 dys) 15,000 bracket to rafter gauge Timberwork Joinery & 3 2 MS Flat Bracket 24 hrs (3 dys) 13,500 1:5:10 Rafter assembly 1:2:4 400mm Ø PVC Ø 1/4 " , 4" 35.6 3,560Rafter assembly Mat Insulation Screws to attach Concrete topping RC Column MS Flat Bracket Concrete topping Mat Insulation pipe gutter Timber Post from end 38,500 Roofing Joinery & 2 2 40 hrs (5 dys) 15,000 bracket to rafter into ground Timber Post 81,192MS Flat Bracket 1:2:4 Flat Brick Soling 1:5:10 Screws to attach Rafter assembly SDD Ø 1/4 " , 4" Metal Clamp at variable 400mm Ø PVC Concrete topping Screws to attach Rafter Purlins Metal Clamp Concrete topping bracket to rafter from end 250mm xpipe 30mm x 6.5mm depth MS Flat Bracket gutter bracket to rafter Sand filing 38,500 1:5:10 250mm x 6.5mm 5 2,100MS Flat Bracket OVERALL COSTx 30mm 199,667 400mm Ø PVC Ø 1/4 " , 4" Flat Brick Soling Screws Screws to attach Detail of top joint Concrete 400mm Ø PVC Screws topping pipe gutter Screws to attach from end bracket to rafter RC Stump pipe gutter 100 RC Column 10 4,500bracket to rafter Flat Soling RC Brick Stump Sand filing Typical Earth Plinth 125mm x 150mm x OVERALL COST 199,667 Ø 1/4 " , 4" 400mm Ø PVC into ground Purlins 125mm x 150mm from x 400mm Ø PVC 300-400 mm thick50-150mm end Position of Wire pipe gutter Sand filing at variable 50-150mm 100 4,000pipe gutter Mesh Plinth Level depth Typical Earth Plinth Plinth Level Reinforcement 50-75mm thick stabilized 25 75 25 300-400 mm thickCompacted Detail of top joint RC Column 36 4,860 125 earth capping finished Compacted Typical Earth Plinth earthen plinth into ground 100 to detail earthenmm plinth 300-400 thick finished to detail at variable Section of column finished to detail 250 7,500 150-175mm thick Storage Position Storage space Parents Level Linkage of Wire Parents Ground depth space on the sides Room Kid's Room ParentsGround Room Room Level 22,960 Mesh Detail of top joint Outdoor Compacted earth plinth Outdoor 2 4,000 Reinforcement Outdoor Living Assembly to ground plinth 50-75mm thick stabilized Living Room 25Living 75 25 Room Assembly to ground plinth 100 Room 4 6,000 125 earth capping finished Metal Clamp Metal Clamp Position of Wire to detail 10,000 25

Bench

Bench

2

Windows

100

2

2,700

75

GSPublisherVersion 0.66.100.100

SDD

450

9

1350

water gutter detail

300

Variable

m2

450

GSPublisherVersion 0.66.100.100

SCC

1200

1950

1

ROOFING Truss-Mathenge 50x50x 420 " , 4" 7000 end Purlins 50x50x 450 (mathenge) 6000 Ø 1/4 " , 4" ns Matt insulation Bundle from end 40 (Reed woven) Polythene m2 135 Column (1000 gauge) ground Bundle 30 ariable Thatch

tail

Variable

2

5

Detail of top joint Ø 1/4 " , 4"

100

900

4

2

450

3

870 1950

2

1650

870

1

3

SUPERSTRUCTURE SUB STRUCTURE Brickof walling m2 1,600 Position Wire Mesh (150mm thk) Reinforcement RC Columns 0.1m3 1062.5 5 Metal anchors Item 500 A00 Timber support 100x50x 300 column 2 (Mathenge) 3500 SCC Line of Storage Aclove above Timber support 100x50x3270 535 2880 (Mathenge) 5400 e Bench Timber frames 50x50x 240 Kids bedroom 7M Living Room 2000 9M 1350 Water Cement-stabilized earthen Flooring 50x50x 150 Tank SAA poles Kitchen 4 A00 450 (Julifora) 8700 Linkage WallingSBBpoles 50x50x 90DN 2.2M DN (Julifora) 2000 3 100 Mosquito gauze m2

th

3500

2

Ø 1/4 " , 4" from end

Detail of top joint Position of Wire

2

3500

top joint

2

Bench

SUBSTRUCTRE Murram Sand filling Water Tank ØA001/44" SAA , 4" Concrete from end topping SBB Brick soling Concrete footing DPM BRC mesh

Bench

Material Type

Ø 1/4 " , 4" from end

Parents Room

1350

SYSTEM COMPONENTS..........

Purlins RC Column into ground at variable RC Column depth into ground at variable depth

Living Room

Timber

8.5

8.5

900

from end

25

1

Ø 1/4 " , 4" from end

1 Ø /4 , 4" Purlins

C

150

SBB

Outdoor Living " Room

Ø 1/4 " , 4"

Parents Room

6.5 6.5 6.5 1208.5 8.5120 8.5

2.2M2

2

Parents Room

150

5

Outdoor Living Room

Linkage

6.5

4

B end from

450

3

Living

" Ø 1/4Room , 4"

150

2

Concrete stump detail Outdoor

Living Room Storage space

A00 Timber Post 81,192 (Julifora) 2000 DN 1:2:4 SCC 12mm polythene SDD " 2 raised by Concrete Stump detail Ø 1/thick 3 Concrete topping Mat Insulation 4 , 4" 1.

Adobe mude Base footprint 2.

EX 100 x50 mm Horizontal Mathenge pole members on 3.

750mm High Half compressed brick wall and Chimney wall Clamp 4. 100X 50mm Mathenge wood frame on 25mm timber A00 Mosquito gauze m 100 35.6 3,560 ROOFING Purlins Metal gauge 450mm from the ground level ex 100 x 150 Cross Mathenge Pole Members on 150mm on 450mm high Adobe plinth. planks on horizontal Julifora poles SCC from end SDD 1:5:10 250mmPost x 30mm x 6.5mm A00 wide Timber 81,192 Truss-Mathenge 50x50x 420 5 column pad foundation 2,100 1:2:4 Ø 1/4 " , 4" Rafter A00 SCC Concrete topping Ø 1/4 " , 4" SDD Screws 7000 Concrete topping from end Mat Insulation ROOFING Purlins Metal Clamp MSNo. Flat of Bracket from Timber Post Unit Cost per 2 Totalend Purlins RC Column 50x50x 450 10 4,500 Flat Brick Soling RC Stump SCC Line of Storage 1:5:10 SDD 250mm x 30mm x 6.5mm 1 " Truss-Mathenge 50x50x 420 5 2,100 Ø 1/4 " , 4" Aclove above Ø /4 , 4" item items Screws to attach Amount Rafter into ground 1 " Purlins 125mm x 150mm x Ø 1/4 " , 4" (mathenge) 6000 Metal Clamp Concrete topping Ø / , 4" 4 from end 3270 2880 2530 Purlins Screws 7000 from end from end bracket to rafter Sand filing at variable 50-150mm 250mm MS Flat Bracket 40x 30mm x 6.5mm 100 4,000 from end Matt insulation Bundle RC Column Purlins 50x50x 450 10 4,500 Flat Soling RC Brick Stump Bench Kids bedroom400mm Ø PVC depth Ø 1/4 " , 4" (Reed woven) Plinth Level Screws to attach into ground Purlins 125mm x 150mm x Ø 1/4 " , 4" 1 LorryLiving Room7,000 7M Screws 1 7,000 (mathenge) 6000 pipe gutter from end Purlins RC Column 9M Polythene m2 135 36 4,860 to rafter RC Stump room Sand filing at variable from end Compacted 50-150mm Typical Earth Plinth 40 100 4,000 RC ColumnMatt insulation Bundle 1 Lorry 7,000 1350 bracket 1 Parents 7,000 8M into ground Kitchen SAA 125mm x 150mm x (1000 gauge) depth 1 earthen plinth A00 400mm Ø PVC 300-400 mm thick into ground(Reed woven) 9 m2 450 1,000 1 9,000 Plinth Level 1350 at variable 50-150mm finished to detail Thatch Bundle 30 250 7,500 pipe gutter 2 at variable Polythene Storage RC Column m 135 36 4,860 Storage space depth Linkage Compacted Typical Earth Plinth DN RC Column space Plinth Level Room ParentsGround Room 2.2MPVC Pipe Rain Level depth 22,960 SBB into Kid's ground (1000 gauge) Brick DN 7 300 2,100 earthen plinth 300-400 mm thick Storage into ground Detail of top joint Storage space Compacted earth plinth with Cement concrete flooring Parents Linkage Parents Outdoor Grass reed space 2,000 at variable top Compacted joint Doors Detail of Unit 2Parents Room 4,000 Room Outdoor Living finished to detail Room Bundle 30 Kid's Room 250 7,500 10,625 3 water 6 18,000 0.6m3 gutter detail Living Room at variable Thatch Room Storage depth Assembly to ground Storage spaceplinth 100 plinth space Unit earthen 1,500 4 6,000 Outdoor Roof finish detail Outdoor PVC Pipe Raindepth Windows 100 thatch Kid's Room Parents Room Ground Level 22,960 Outdoor Living Living Room Living finished to detail A00 Room Detail of top joint of WireOutdoor Metal Clamp Compacted earth plinth with Cement concrete flooring 10,000 Room m2 135 9 1,215 Position top joint 2,000 Doors Detail ofUnit 2 4,000 3

Parents Room

6.5 6.5 6.5 1208.5 8.5120 8.5

1

3

Plan Detail at top end Concrete Stump detail

Parents Room

150

SBB

100

space top endStorage detail

Linkage

Parents Room

25 Timber Post

1350

2

Outdoor Living Room

Parents Room

Parents Room Outdoor

Outdoor Living Room

900

2

5

3500

4

1

gauge Roof Thatch

1

Bench

Bench

2

5

3

Plan 35 30 35

Kid's Room

Kid's Room Outdoor

plan

6.5 6.5 6.5 1208.5 8.5120 8.5

4

2

100

Storage space

V-Shape for better Compacted earth plinth with grip Outdoor Living Cement concrete flooring Room Detail at top end finish detail Outdoor Living Room Storage space

100

25

3

1

3

A

35 30 35

Storage space

Outdoor Living Room

8. Tatched roofing on Polythene on Matt insulation on Pole rafters spaced at 600mm c/c on Julifora Wood truss on mathenge wood frame

7. Pole rafters spaced at 600mm c/c on Julifora Wood truss on mathenge wood frame

Variable 75 100 7525 100

2

3 2

2

2

2

COSTING...........

1

3500

2

Bench

Bench

Bench

2

2

6.5

Bench

2

3500

2

150

1/1

6.Julifora poles nailed on Mathenge wood frame

Outdoor Living

125mm 250mm xx 150mm 30mm x x6.5mm Room 50-150mm RC Stump 125mm x 150mm x 50-150mm Storage V-Shape for better space Kid's Room Parents Room grip

100

Compacted earthen plinth finished to detail

rafters spaced at 600mm c/c on Julifora Wood truss on mathenge wood frame

1950 900

Entry of insects but allow free air flow

2

https://www.google.com/maps/place/2°31'42.4"S+40°31'35.2"E/@-2.5290097,40.5263264,613a,35y,0.79h/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-2.5284333!4d40.5264518

1350

RC Stump 5. Mosquito net fixed on Mathenge wood frame to control Metal Clamp

8. Tatched roofing on Polythene on Matt insulation on Pole

1350 1950

ASSEMBLY...........

3 0.1m 1062.5 9 9,562 50-75mm thick stabilized m2 1,600 9.25 14,800 Sustainability Item 500 6 earth capping finished 3,000 A00 to detail 100x50x 300 7 2,100 Use locally available materials to reduce cost on transportation, purchase and reduce the 3 0.1m 1062.5 2 9 50-75mm thick stabilized 9,562 25 75 25 A00 150-175mm thick (Mathenge) 3500 SCC500Line of Storage 125 earth capping finished SDD Metal anchors Item 6 3,000 embodied energy in these2 materials. This also makes it easier for local labourers tosides particion the Aclove above A00 Timber support 100x50x 535 2 1,070 to detail 3270 2880 2530 Timber support 100x50x 300 7 2,100 SCC Line of Storage SDD Compacted earth plinth pate in delivery of these Section of column Acloveunits. above (Mathenge) 5400 2 Details of RC Pile 150-175mm thick (Mathenge) 3500 SCC 3270 2880 2530 Bench Kids bedroom Line of Storage SDD Timber frames 50x50x 240Aclove above 19on reduce 4,560 sides 7M Installation of water harvesting system with a tank installed for posterity.

This will Timber support 100x50x 2 the 1,070 Living Room535 2880 2530 Bench Kids bedroom 2000 3270 9M Compacted earth plinth Parents room 1350 (Mathenge) 5400 7M Details of RC Pile Water be pressure during the rains since water for domestic use will available to users 8M Living Room Cement-stabilized earthen plinth Flooring 50x50x 150 70 during 10,500 Tank SAA poles Kitchen SAA Bench Kids bedroom 1 A00 4 A00 9M 450 Timber frames 50x50x 240 19 4,560 Parents room 1350 7M 1350 Water (Julifora) 8700Living Room 8M flooding.

Tank SAA Kitchen SAA 1 2000 9M A00 4 Parents room A00 450 1350 Linkage DN Water 1350 Walling poles 50x50x 90 356 32,040 2.2M SBB SBB Thatch Roof Cement-stabilized earthen plinth Flooring 50x50x 150 70 8M 10,500 Tank SAA poles Kitchen SAA 1 A00 DN450 4 A00 Linkage (Julifora) 2000 DN 1350 (Julifora) 8700 2.2M SBB SBB 12mm polythene 2 3 DN Mosquito gauze m 100 35.6 3,560 Linkage Walling poles 50x50x 90DN 356 32,040

Typical Earth Plinth7. 300Pole rafters spaced Room at 600mm c/c on Julifora Wood truss Parents on mathenge wood frame 400 mm thick 35 30 35

Plinth Level

Linkage

1350

Mesh (150mm thk) SUB STRUCTURE Imagery ©2020 Maxar Technologies, GeoEye, Imagery ©2020 Maxar Technologies, Map data ©2020 Reinforcement 200 ftRC Columns 25 75 25 Brickof walling Position Wire 125 Metal anchors Mesh (150mm thk) Timber support Reinforcement RC Columns Section of column 100

RC Column into ground at variable depth

RC Stump 125mm x 150mm x 50150mm

V-Shape for better grip

Storage space

1350

100

SDD

Outdoor Living Room

Parents Room

1200

SCC

Parents Room

900

A00

Linkage

900 1650

Tana river resilience integrates AsianDetail architectural features (to optimise airflow) with tradiSpaces of top joint Living at variable 47,015 Room DPM m2 135 9 1,215 tional African building methods region highly prone to infectious diseases, acquired in and depth SUB STRUCTURE BRC mesh m2 300 9 2,700 Detail of top joint around the home.

Brickof walling m2 1,600 9.25 14,800 Position Wire 47,015

Sand filing

Parents Room

1950 900

1

Outdoor Living Room

450

2

Parents Room

1200

4

Linkage

1350 1950

2

2

Flat Brick Soling

1350

1

3

Metal Clamp 250mm x 30mm x 6.5mm

Almond tree trunk 75 x 50 mm Purlins

Variable

Bench

1

900

2

450

5

2

1950 900

3

4

1350 1950

2

5

3

1350

2

3500

1

3

Bench

Bench

Details of RC Pile 2

2

Ø 1/4 " , 4" from end

Screws

870

3500

Bench

2

Screws Metal Clamp RC Stump 250mm x 30mm x 6.5mm 125mm x 150mm x Screws 50-150mm RC Stump Plinth Level 125mm x 150mm x Storage Storage space space Compacted 50-150mm Kid's Room Parents Room earthen plinth Outdoor Plinth Level Outdoor Living Living Room finished Storage to detail Room Storage space space Compacted Kid's Room Parents Room Ground Level earthen plinth Outdoor Outdoor Living Living Room finished to detail Room Storage Assembly to ground plinth Ground Level space 5. Mosquito net fixed on Mathenge wood frame to control 6.Julifora poles nailed on Mathenge wood frame Kid's Room Metal Clamp Entry of insects but allow free air flow 250mmAssembly x 30mm x 6.5mm to ground plinth

1950

2

2

RC Stump 125mm x 150mm x 50150mm

870

SCC

Bench

1350

Ø 1/4 " , 4"

1:5:10 Concrete topping strengthened by Prosopis Julifora Wood Powder

Metal Clamp 250mmPost x 30mm x 6.5mm Timber

1950

Cost per 2 No. of Total Kids bedroom Line of Storage SDD Aclove above 7M item items Amount 1 LorryLiving 1 7,000 Room7,000 from end 3270 2880 2530area.The level.This accommodates cooking activities and partialy serves as an open living 9M Parents room 1350 Sand filling 1 Lorry 7,000 1 7,000 Water 8M SUBSTRUCTRE Tank 1 to Kitchen SAA 1 Kids bedroom ØA001/4 " SAA , 4" two units are further raised ground level.This accommodates the A00 2 Bench Ø /4 " , 4"1350mm above the 4 450 Concrete 9 m 1,000 1 9,000 Purlins 1350 from end Tana Area living: Murram 1 LorryLiving Room7,000 7M 1 7,000 Traditional from end Proposed topping sleeping quarters.The walls aresite permeable allowing free flow of 9Mair 7,000 at night but a8Mroom guage7,000 1350 Linkage DN Sand filling 1 Lorry 1 Parents Water Shelter(Private - Living Area) 2.2M SBB spaces SBB Tank SAA SAA ØA00 1/4 " , 4" Brick soling Brick 7 300 2,100 1 A00 Outdoor 2 Kitchen DN450 4 (Living room & Kitchen) Concrete 9 m 1,000 1 9,000 prevents entry of insects.Purlins 1350 3 from end RC Column Hybrid Resilient Structure: Concrete 0.6m 10,625 6 18,000 3 topping Linkage DN Tana River flood plain into ground 2.2M footing SBB SBB Brick soling Brick 7 300 2,100 DN A00 variable 2 DPM m 135 9 1,215 3 Climate responsivness at SCC10,625 RC Column Concrete 0.6m 6 18,000 SDD depth Cooking 3 2 BRC mesh m 300 9 2,700 Sleeping Area / into ground Tana River Shelter footing 2°31'42.4"S 40°31'35.2"E

Unit

2530

4. 100X 50mm Mathenge wood frame on 25mm thick timber planks on horizontal Julifora poles

8.5

2880

Amount

6.5

items

Ø 1/4 " , 4" from end

75 x 50 mm almond tree timber Post

Metal Clamp x 30mm x 6.5mm planks on horizontal Julifora250mm poles

3. 750mm High Half compressed brick wall and Chimney wall on 450mm high Adobe plinth.

120

3270

Material SUBSTRUCTRE Type Murram

SDD SDD

Line of Storage

Aclove above item A00

ex 100 x 150 Cross Mathenge Pole Members on 150mm wide column pad foundation

6.5

SCC SCC

Type

2°31'42.4"S 40°31'35.2"E - Google Maps

2. EX 100 x50 mm Horizontal Mathenge pole members on

Timber Post

450mm from the ground level

8.5

1. Adobe mude Base footprint raised by

A00

Section of column The typology is split into 3 units.The first unit is semi open an 450mm high above the ground 9/25/2020

D

SECTION DD

4. 100X 50mm Mathenge wood frame on 25mm thick timber

wide column pad foundation

150

2

450mm from the ground level

SDD

3 A00

1350 1950

SCC

1

1. Adobe mude Base footprint raised by

1350

2

SBB

450

3 Linkage 2.2M2 A00

5

25

4

100

DN

75

3

1:2:4 Concrete topping strengthened by Prosopis Julifora 2. EX 100 x50 mm Horizontal Wood Mathenge pole Powder members on 3. 750mm High Half compressed brick wall and Chimney wall ex 100 x 150 Cross Mathenge Pole Members on 150mm on 450mm high Adobe plinth.

Variable

2

150

1

3

DN

6.5 6.5 6.5 1208.5 8.5120 8.5

Bench

1

SBB

SECTION CC

1/1

3500

1

Bench

The Tana river resilience project is an innovatively constructed dwelling to be occupied by local residents in Tana river -a flood prone area. The 3 typology above aims to accommodate an avarage family of upto 5 members on a 30m2 building footprint.It is characterised by a partially raised floor system,use of locally availbale materials and local constrution A00 technology.

Material Unit Cost per No. of Total SCC SDD

Parents Room

SYSTEM..........

450

SBB

Outdoor Living Room

SECTION BB

450

SDD

1/1

450

A00 Linkage 2.2M

SECTION AA

A00

1650

DN

1350

SAA 1

2530

2 https://www.google.com/maps/place/2°31'42.4"S+40°31'35.2"E/@-2.5290097,40.5263264,613a,35y,0.79h/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-2.5284333!4d40.5264518 SCC Bench Kids bedroom Line of Storage SDD Aclove above 7M2 Living 3270Room 2880 2530 9M2 Parents room 1350 Water https://www.google.com/maps/place/2°31'42.4"S+40°31'35.2"E/@-2.5290097,40.5263264,613a,35y,0.79h/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-2.5284333!4d40.5264518 8M2 SAA 2 Tank Kitchen SAA 1 Bench Kids bedroom A00 4 A00 450 7M2 1350 Living Room 9M2 Parents room 1350 Linkage DN Water 1 2 3 4 5 8M2 2.2M2 SBB SBB Tank SAA Kitchen3 SAA 1 A00 DN4502 4 A00 1350

1650 1200

Installation of water harvesting 1 2 3 4 system 5 with a tank installed for posterity. This 3 will reduce pressure during the rains since water 2 for domestic use will be available to users during flooding.

2880

Parents Room

C

450 1200900

DN

SCC

Use locally available materials to reduce cost on transportation, purchase and reduce the embodied energy in these materials. This also makes it easier for local labourers to participate in delivery of these units.

Aclove above A00

3270

Outdoor Living Room

ASSEMBLY...........

900

SBB

3

SDD

Linkage

200 ft

450

Use simple and easy to interprete design strategies with local artisans as the primary workers in the construction to reduce overall cost.

Kitchen 450

Parents room 2 8M2 Line of Storage SCC

1650

SAA

A00

1350

Bench

4

Bench

A00

Water Tank

SBB Imagery ©2020 Maxar Technologies, GeoEye, Imagery ©2020 Maxar Technologies, Map data ©2020

1650 1200

5

870

4

Assembly to ground plinth B

A

870 1950

3

ASSEMBLY...........

200 ft

3500

2

Bench

1

Living Room DN 9M

A00

Imagery ©2020 Maxar Technologies, GeoEye, Imagery ©2020 Maxar Technologies, Map data ©2020

Linkage 7M2 2 2.2M

Bench

Bench

SBB

3 The Tana River Delta has always broken its banks every time there is heavy rainfall upstream. Kipini residents in Tana River county harbour stories of dispair every time it rains. They have to endure2weeks that sometimes run 2 into months waiting for water in their flooded homes to subside and resume their livelihoods. Those that have not been able to relocate to higher grounds spend this time in schools, churches and health centres, exposed 1 to the cold and other diseases in temporary shelters. School life can no longer continue for the children while the parents can no loger till their land to sustain their financial status.

There is therefore a need to provide a resilient prototype to ensure a stable and sustainable livelihood for the residents of Kipini, Tana River county.

SAA 1

Parents Room

Outdoor Living Room

1350

Tana River 2880

Life during and after floods...Kids bedroom Bench DN

Hybrid Resilient Structure: Cooking Sleeping Shelter Area / Spaces Living Room Cooking Sleeping Shelter Area / Spaces Living Room

Kid's Room

450 1200900

Parents room SDD 8M2 2530 1350

3500

Kitchen 3270 450

Line of Storage 1350 Aclove above

3500

4

Water Tank

SAA

Shelter(Private spaces - Living Area) Outdoor (Living room & Kitchen)

Tana River flood plain

Tana River

Bench

A00

Living Room 9M2 SCC

Tana River flood plain

Storage space 1200

Tana River Resilience Detail of top joint Bench

1650

870

Storage space

450

Proposed site

1950

Shelter(Private spaces - Living Area) Outdoor (Living room & Kitchen) Traditional TanaStructure: Area living: Hybrid Resilient

900

A00 Kids bedroom 7M2 2

Traditional Tana Area living:

Proposed site

450

2530

870

2880

870 1950

3270

SDD

2°31'42.4"S 40°31'35.2"E

900

2°31'42.4"S 40°31'35.2"E - Google Maps

Line of Storage Aclove above

1350 1950

SCC

1350

9/25/2020

1950

SCC

Proposed site 30m

1350

1

1950

2

900

DN

SAA 1

1950

SBB

Parents room 8M2

1350

1350

Bench

Tana River

2530

1950

4

A00

Living Room 9M2

Water Tank

4. 100X 50mm proposis Julifora (Mathenge )wood frame on 25mm thick timber planks on horizontal proposis Julifora (Mathenge ) poles

3. 750mm High Half stabilized soil blocks wall and Chimney wall on 450mm high Adobe plinth.

Kids bedroom 7M2 Bench

silience silienceSAA

Mediate context SDD

3500

Bench

2. EX 100 x50 mm Horizontal Almond Tree members on ex 100 x 150 Cross Almond tree Members on 150mm wide column pad foundation

1. Compacted earth plinth with Cement concrete and lime plaster floor finish

50-150mm 35 30 35

FORMODE mas con menos

Kipkemei Kiplelgo Symon skiplelgo@gmail.com Musyoki Charles Mbatha mbathacharles561@gmail.com Mubothi Brian Murimi mmubothi@gmail.com Njeri Malcom Mwathi mwathimalcom@gmail.com Nyakundi Ernest nyakundi.earnest@gmail.com