VOLUME 2, NUMBER 3
HENRY NEHRLING, Pioneer Florida Horticulturist
"The flatwoods, as the name implies, have a flat, level surface. Usually they are low, - so low in many instances that during the rainy season the surface is moist, or even covered with water. The soil although sandy, is black and rich in humus, while at a depth of a few feet, a thick layer of hard-pan or marl is found. The flatwoods are also the natural flower gardens of the state. Here we find the Pitcher-plants (Sarracenia flava) in big patches. And in September they are ablaze with hundreds of thousands of Catesby's Lilies (Li/ium _ Catesbaei)."
• Dr. Henry Nehrling
by Peggy S. Lantz
The current interest in Florida native plants has varied and colorful origins. Among these is an important turn-ofthe-century horticulturist who tended his tropical gardens in both Central and Southwest Florida - Henry Nehrling.
Dr. Nehrling began as an ornithologist, studied Florida native plants and other tropical and subtropical varieties for more than thirty years, and wrote extensively on the subject, though none of his writings were published until after his death. His home with some of the original plantings still stands in west Orange County . continued next page
This Pine Flatwoods, dominated by Slash Pine (Pinus e/liottii) and Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens), with patches and strands of Cypress Swamp dominated by Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum) and Cabbage Palm (Sabal palmetto) is at the southern border of Palm Beach County. Historically, this was part of the Hillsborough River, one of a few channels in southeastern Florida where water from the Everglades flowed · across the coastal Ridge to the Atlantic Ocean. During the rainy seasons of spring and fall, the river became a broad shallow waterway several miles wide. As part of areawide drainage, the river has been converted into a major canal. Though flooded during heavy rains, the land has become dryer, allowing Pine Flatwoods to expand, with Cypress Swamp still occupying wet spots.
Charcoal sketch by Grace Blanchard Iverson
THE
PALMETTO
(ISSN-0276- 4164)
Florida Native Plant Society 93 5 Orange Ave , Winter Park, FL 32789
Copyright, 1982, by The Florida Conservation Foundation
Peggy S. Lantz, Editor Rt . 3, Box 437 - Orlando, FL 32811
T H E PALMETT O i s p u bl i shed q ua rt e rl y by t he Flor id a Na ti ve Pl ant Socie t y u nde r t he auspices of Th e Enviro n mental Infor m atio n Ce nter and The Fl o rida Co nserva ti o n Fo unda t ion.
W e enc our age th e re use of th e articles appea ri ng i n The Palmetto in order t o d isse mi nate i nfo rma t ion on Fl orida na t ive p lant s as wi de l y as possi ble, but, i n accorda nce w it h the co p y ri ght la w permission must be granted i n writing by t he Ed it or o r th e Publi sher, c redit must be gi ve n t o Th e Pal metto an d The Flo r ida Na t ive Pla n t Soc i ety , and the notice of copyright must appea r i n t he rep r in ted arti cle
Articl es on any aspec t of Flo rida nati ve p lants are invi t ed I nclude d raw i ngs or pho tos , if possi bl e. Th ey w ill be handl ed w it h care , and w i ll be retu rn ed if you incl ude a se lf-add resse d sta mp ed e n velo pe Se nd to Peggy S. Lantz, Edito r ., Th e Palmetto, Rt 3, Box 4 37 , O rl ando, Fl 32811, 305 /299 -14 72.
NEHRLING -----trom page 1
He was born in Wisconsin on May 9, 1853, and became a teacher. Professor E.L. Lord said in an article published in 1925, that teaching "was only an instrument by means of which he could study nature. In order to study the birds of the United States he taught school in several states, particularly in Illinois, Missouri, and Texas."
Then he became interested in Florida, and bought some land in Gotha in west Orange County. He left teaching and eventually became custodian of the Public Museum in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Dr. Nehrling wrote articles on ornithological subjects, did some experimenting with tropical and subtropical plants while in Texas, and collected plants and seeds from many correspondents from the tropics. He grew these in a greenhouse in Milwaukee until such time as he was ready to move to Gotha. continued next page
Ba.NH » 1i....
"Near the flatwoods we often have the poor scrublands, of white sand, running in long strips through high pine-land as well as the lowlands. They are usually only a half mile or so wide, but persist over a vast territory. The predominating tree is the Scrub or Christmas tree Pine (Pinus c/ausa). Wild flowers abound."
• Dr. Henry Nehrling ;$1
PRESERVING THE PAST
by Peggy Lantz
The remnant of an important turn-of-the-century Florida horticultural activity is prized and preserved in the Central Florida area. The location continues to hold interest for both botanical and architectural reasons.
This is the home and gardens of Dr. Henry Nehrling - a pioneer Florida horticulturist. The origins of the house and gardens are described in the accompanying article about Dr. Nehrling.
From 1933 until 1977, the house and property in Gotha was owned and lived on by Julian E. Nally. During this time Lake Audubon's name was changed to Lake Nally.
The house is still there, though much , of the acreage has been divided up and sold off. It is now owned by Howard and Barbara Bochiardy, along with six acres of the original 40-some acres.
Howard Bochiardy is an Orlando architect, and is remodeling and living in the house. Barbara Bochiardy graciously showed me the beautiful · home. The drive as I entered is shrouded with bamboo - Nehrling cultivated 150 varieties of palms and bamboo. The original pine floors and cypress walls of the
house have been refinished, and the kitchen has been remodeled and the wiring brought up-to-date. But the old tin shingles are still on the roof, and the back porch and 'upstairs sleeping porch have the charm of lovely old Florida houses. We walked through a tangle of bamboo and palm to the lake edge, which has been · nearly dried up by the drought. Bromeliads covered the ground under the cedar, red bay, and live oaks. Barbara pointed out and named the many native plants growing there, as well as many of the imported tropical plants still surviving.
But the caladiums and amaryllis for which Nehrling is famous are gone - sold off or stolen by vandals. Barbara can find not a single specimen. She has bought copies of Nehrling'.s books (My Garden in Florida, Vol. I and II, by Dr. Henry Nehrling. Edit. by A.H. Andrews. Publ. in Estero, Florida, 1944 and 1946.) and is trying to locate the native trees and plants Nehrling describes. The magnolias and cedars that he carried on his shoulders from the woods five miles away nearly 100 years ago appear to be the ones we see there now. She says, "My husband loves the house, and I love the grounds."
Photo courtesy of Howard Bochiardy
"Hammock land is all good land as the hammocks were originally covered and enriched by a dense gro~h of hardwood trees and gigantic lianas. Magnolia grandif/ora, Holly, enormous Live Oaks, Maple, Hickories, Sweet Gum and many other forest trees live here in company with tall Cabbage Palmettos. Smilax, Virginia Creeper, Trumpet Vine, and huge Grape Vines reach immense growth.
"Florida is thought of as a land of swamps, but real swamps, consisting of bottomless morasses, are rare. The common type is the Cypress swamp, covered with the Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum) and the Pond Cypress (T. distichum var. imbricarium). Here we find many plants from the low hammocks. Ferns are abundant, as are Swamp Honeysuckles (Azaleas), Smilax and other moisture loving plants. The old Cypress trees harbor exquisite Air Plants (Til/andsia), and the ground is frequently covered with Sphagnum moss, the Partridge Berry (Mitchel/a repens), and a small interesting Fern (Lorinseria areolata) ."
• Dr. Henry Nehrling " ~1 ..:..i:ll
"In both the cultivation, and enjoyment of gardens, is peace, rest, and contentment. Pleasure is not a luxury of life, but one of its necessities, and ornamental Horticulture is one of the truest and most stimulating pleasures in life."
• Dr. Henry Nehrling
NEHRLING -----1rom page 2
The year was 1886 when he finally came to inspect his new property near Windermere.
Florida was still a wilderness. i 1 1rur:: "' m
"Florida is a great poem of color, light, bird song, and plant life. Tourists and winter residents do not know the real Florida for they never see our summer, which is often the most delightful season of the year in our gardens.
"We have a climate that is conducive to long life and happiness."
• Dr. Henry Nehrling . .·.~ . ·.lR~~ll
He cleared some land and built a small house during the short visits he was able to make, but it was not until 1894 that he actually moved to his new home in Florida, which he called "Palm Cottage Gardens." It is on the shores of what was then called Lake Audubon. He planted a citrus grove and began · collecting his beloved tropical specimens.
In the early 1900s, he replaced the first home he built with a house that he moved over from Lake Olivia. He lived there until the devastating freeze of 1917, which caused him to move to Naples in southwest Florida. He found the soil different there, and more difficult to cultivate. It took a new understanding of the plants to find what would grow in Naples Sometimes he "longed for Gotha, freezes and all!"
Henry Nehrling died in 1929, leaving a wealth of records and notes and details about his plant treasures.
Dr Henry Nehrling's writings and notes were edited and compiled by Alfred and Elizabeth Kay, and published by Macmillan Company in 1933, with a preface by Dr. David Fairchild.
Some excerpts from Nehrling' s writings, as they appeared in the book by the Kays, are included in this Palmetto.
MANATEE SANCTUARY
Remember to send in your contribution in whatever amount to help the Nature Conservancy purchase the islands in Kings Bay in the Crystal River for the manatees. They have until Oct. 15th to raise the money in order to prevent single family house development on the islands. Address: The Nature Conservancy, Crystal River Manatee Sanctuary, P.O. Box 365, Winter Park 32790
WE WON!
The House passed the Endangered Species Act on June 8; the Senate passed its similar bill on June 9. The few differences between the bills will be reconciled in conference, then both houses will pass the common version, which will then be signed by the President. It should be .done this month. It is expected that this compromise bill will leave the Act as stro~g or stronger than it has been.
Now its effectiveness hinges to a large extent on the money made available by the Congressional Appropriations Committees for its implementation.
Write your Senators and Representatives to thank them for their help in passing the Endangered Species Act reauthorization, and write the appropriations committee members to urge them to provide funds to make it work.
Rep. Bill Chappell, Jr. Dem -Dist. 4) Rep. William Lehman (Dem.-Dist 13) Sen. Lawton Chiles (Dem)
WHERE WOULD YOU LIKE TO HAVE THE NEXT MEETING?
Your opinion is solicited for suggestions on where to hold the fall allmember meeting, and nextJear's annual conference. The Boar Meeting in July turned up the following ideas: Tall Timbers in Tallahassee; Withlacootchee State Forest; Crystal River; Wekiva State Park; Naples, or again at Rollins College in Winter Park
Dorie Karl sent in some pros and cons for the idea of having either gathering in Naples: Meeting places include Big Cypress Nature Center or Naples B~ach Club. Nearby natural areas include Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary, Fakahatchee, and Rookery Bay Nat'I. Estuarine Sanctuary Easy access from 1-75, and a large active local chapter. Winter would be a good time for a large non-member turnout. (Christmas to Easter would have high motel rates, and summer is mosquito season.)
Allen Burdett checked on possibilities at Crystal River: The Nature Conservancy is holding their member meeting there in mid-Nov. It might be possible and profitable to hold our member meeting in conjunction with theirs. Plantation Inn has plenty of rooms and there is much to see and do in the Crystal River area. Send your comments to Bill Partington, 935 Orange Ave., Winter Park 32789.
A glimpse of Nehrling's woods and bromeliads
GROWING NATIVE BLUEBERRIES
Blueberries are one of the few crops native to the continental United States.
by Paul Lyrene
When I was a kid, my mother dug three wild blueberry plants from the piney woods near· Pensacola and put them in her garden. They all died in less than a year, which surprised me, since she is a good gardener. For the past five years I've had the good fortune of working on blueberries at the University of Florida, and I think I've learned some things that might help you avoid my mother's unhappy experience with native blueberries.
First, I should say there are seven reasonably-distinguishable species of true blueberries native in Florida, as well as several kinds of huckleberries (genus Gaylussacia) that sometimes get mistaken for blueberries (genus Vaccinium). The easiest way to determine which of the two genera a plant is in is to peel a berry and examine the seeds. If the berry contains exactly ten nutlets arranged in a circle like sections of an orange, you've got a huckleberry and you may as well not read the rest of this essay, which is about blueberries. If the seeds are smaller, not arranged like sections of an orange and not numbering ten, you've probably got a blueberry.
The next problem, if you were trying to identify your blueberry, would be to figure out which of the seven Florida species you have, but let's skip that, since you can grow all seven by approximately the same recipe. I should have asked at the beginning why you want to grow blueberries. If your answer has anything to do with pies and muffins, you're reading the wrong essay. You should be reading the "Blueberry Fact Sheet," a copy of which you can get free by calling your County Agent's office. If your answer has something to do with attracting birds into your yard, or seeing lots of bell-shaped flowers in March, or beautiful foliage, you're in the right place.
If there were space here and if I thought I could hold your attention long enough, I'd try to develop five topics: (1) How to grow blueberry plants from seed (it's easy if you follow the recipe). (2) How to start blueberries from stem cuttings and from rhizome cuttings. (3) Why you shouldn't transplant wild blueberries (it's one of the harder ways to start a plant and it depopulates the woods)
Fruit of Vaccinium ashei, the native " rabbiteye blueberry " from Washington County in the Florida panhandle.
and how to do it if you insist. (4) How to grow the plant in your yard once you've got it well rooted. (5) How and why -to grow blueberries as potted plants. Maybe your editor will allow me to try 1, 2, 3, and 5 later. For now I'll briefly attack number 4.
Let's assume you have some blueberry plants. For example, maybe you bought some varieties such as Woodard, Tifblue, Climax, Southland, Delite, Bluebelle, Aliceblue, or Beckyblue from a garden store. As it says in the Blueberry Fact Sheet, these are domesticated forms of Vaccinium ashei, which is native in northern Florida. With both wild and domesticated blueberries, you have to have two different varieties near each other to get a full crop of berries.
To grow blueberries you need to: (1) Have a soil pH between 4.0 and 5.5. This is probably lower than you have in your yard. If so, you should lower the pH by working into the soil two pounds of wettable sulfur per 100 square feet of treated soil. Treat a circle at least one yard in radius around each plant. (2) Choose a planting site that is in full sun or is partially shaded by pines. (3) Dig a four -gallon hole for each plant. Mix two gallons of the exhumed soil with two gallons of wet Canadian peatmoss and use the four gallons of mixture to place around the roots of the plant. (4) Mulch the plants with a very thick layer of pinestraw. (5) Give each plant five to ten gallons of water if there is a drought of ten days or more during the growing season. The water requirements of blueberries are like those of azaleas. Just because some wild blueberries grow in swamps, don't assume you should treat them like water lilies. (6) Fertilize: I'm almost afraid to recommend it because blueberries are extremely
sensitive to overfertilization or to fertilization with the wrong stuff. However, I'll risk it because proper fertilization will double the growth rate and help keep the soil pH low, which in turn keeps the leaves from turning white from iron deficiency. Spread fertilizer evenly over a circle centered on the plant and having a radius of one yard. Fertilize the area from the base of the· plant outward to the perimeter of the circle. Use sulfate of ammonia (ammonium sulfate). Use one ounce of ammonium sulfate per plant each time you fertilize and fertilize every two months throughout the year If you can't find ammonium sulfate there are three reasonable alternatives: (1) Once each year spread wettable sulfur at the rate of one pound per 100 square feet over the pinestraw mulch. (2) Use azaleacamellia fertilizer instead of ammonium sulfate. Use only one-half ounce per plant six times a year. As with ammonium sulfate, spread the fertilizer on top of the pinestraw mulch and let the rain carry it down. (3) Spread two pounds of cottonseed meal around each plant three times a year.
With luck and care, your blueberries will last longer than my mother's.
(The "Blueberry Fact Sheet" referred to in this article is available from your County Extension Office. Ask for FC-46.)
"The Cactus family is large and varied. It is a strictly American family of plants, but after the discovery of the New World, the early explorers sent many of them to Europe as curiosities.
"The species of Cacti adapted to our Florida climate require little care. I know of no other plants which can stand so much neglect unharmed. You may leave them for weeks or months and, if they are dry, when you return, your Cacti will be in as good condition as when you left. They really resent pampering.
"The Opuntias, or Prickly Pears, also known as Indian Figs, are familiar to every tiller of the soil in Florida. They are common in field and forest, and are most unpopular with the orange growers, as their spines are long and exceedingly sharp with barbed prickles that penetrate deep into the skin. Woe to the hand reaching for the brilliant, yellow flowers, or large pear-shaped fruits!"
• Dr. Henry Nehrling ,..,,
RARE TREES DISCOVERED
by Kathy L. Wolf
On May 15, 1981 I paused at my office desk to look out over a familiar scene. Beyond the parking lot lay the Key West Golf Course. More than once, this view had invited me to leave behind the stacks of paperwork. What was unique about May 15? On this morning I was introduced to the largest stand of satinwood trees (Zanthoxylum flavum) in the Florida Keys!
Zanthoxylum flavum is known by several common names including yellowwood, satinwood, and yellowheart. All these names refer to the appearance of the cured wood when used in woodworking. The tree is very rare. Only two specimens have been recorded in the Florida Keys (and the state): one at Bahia Honda Key and the other in the Marquesas Keys. The species is dioecious. Each of the recorded trees is unable to bear seed preventing any possible increase in the number of individuals. Foliage is dark green to yellow in color. Leaves are alternate and pinnately compound, having five to nine ovate leaflets. The distinguishing characteristic of the tree is the "windows" in the leaflets. Daniel B. Ward (Volume Five of the Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida Series) describes these as scattered "minute, translucent, glandular areas which are very evident when the leaf is held up to the light."
A cluster of satinwood was discovered in the spring of 1981 in Key West. Members of a CETA landscaping class took trips around Key West to learn native and ornamental plants. They found a tree that appeared to be a Jamaica dogwood (Piscidia piscipula), but closer inspection showed that this tree was a little different. The students consulted the County Extension Service agent who did not recognize the plant. He, in turn, showed the plant to Mrs. Lois Kitching, an amateur botanist. Kitching suspected the tree was a satinwood, and on May 15 she returned with information to confirm her idea. I happened to be looking out at the view as Lois was literally jumping for joy at the find. How many times had I looked at that tree, not noticing the uniqueness of it?
Word soon went out and local botanists came to search for more trees. On July 18 a thorough search of
the golf course was conducted by Lois Kitching, George Avery, J. Paul Scurlock, and the author. Seventeen trees were located and marked! More have been discovered since. The trees are scattered over the area of a 50 yard radius circle and range in height from two to twenty feet. Soon after the discovery the trees bloomed. Both sexes produced terminal pyramidal clusters of minute flowers, and seed promptly appeared on the female plants. Kitching collected seeds and planted them with good results; a year later she has about 20 small plants from the 600 sown seeds.
What is the future for the trees? In April of 1981 the City of Key West sold the golf course to a development firm. Plans include condominiums and course improvements. A look at the plans show that one tree must be moved, the others will not be damaged or removed. The developers have agreed to replant the tree in the Key West Botanical Garden, a preserve for native and unusual ornamental plants.
It appears that this di~covery of Zanthoxylum flavum is one exception to the all-too-common obliteration of isolated plant populations. The trees will remain in an area dedicated to recreational uses so will be protected. They are also a reproducing population, thus the trees can be introduced into other public plantings or may even be spread by natural agents.
The discovery provides a useful lesson. Often in our daily haste we miss the details of our surroundings The familiar escapes our attention. Closer scrutiny of our immediate environment can result in the discovery - and possiple protection - of rare native plants.
"Those who do not know the rainy season do not know Florida. Dawn is short in these latitudes. Each sunrise is now a morning of supernal beauty, the sky a fairy tale, the landscape and gardens a love poem. No cloud is to be seen. Until 9 o'clock there is scarcely a breeze, and the air is oppressively hot. But suddenly there comes a cool wisp of wind, and yet another. Then a mighty breath begins to blow - the breath of the ocean. There is no indication of rain. The sky is still clear, but the breeze blows steadily now. Of a sudden a few lowhanging clouds come sweeping rapidly towards us. The clouds incr:ease in size and depth of color until in a short time the entire sky is shrouded by a dark veil. The thunder rolls. The air is saturated with electricity. In the east we see a great white wall approaching slowly. An immense, moving mass, it comes nearer and nearer - a cataract of water. Such a rain is totally unlike · a northern rain. It is a deluge. Sheets of water descend, and no umbrella will protect us. The drops are enormous. The roar of falling rain is such that people cannot hear each other without shouting. When accompanied by high winds, only the stanchest houses seem able to keep out the downpour. Others leak on all sides, as the rain seems to come from every direction. Objects a short distance away are invisible behind the heavy curtain of water. In an hour it is over. The sun shines again, the sandy soil is almost dry, and the air is cool and aromatic. We breathe deeply and haste out to enquire of our garden friends how they fared in the storm.
"During the dry season almost all plants seem to be at a stand-still. But what a change after the first rains have fallen! The plants start into growth again as though touched by magic."
• Dr. Henry Nehrling
(Ed. note: This is not a hurricane Dr. Nehrling is describing, but those of you who have lived here only during the past twenty years of Florida's "drought" may never have witnessed these daily summer rainsJ
Detail of Satinwood tree
MINUTES OF BOARD MEETING
A board meeting of the FNPS was held at the Orange County Agricultural Center in Orlando on July 10, 1982.
The minutes of the January 30, 1982, board meeting, as they appeared in the Palmetto, were approved.
The treasurer's report, summarized here, was also approved: May 5 • June 30, 1982
Income from memberships, conference, T-shirt sales, and Palmetto ads
$4434 05
Expenses for travel , mailing, printing, T-shirt purchases, conference, and Palmetto 1278 58
Environmental Information Center office charges 400.00
Balance for May - June 2755.47
Balance carried forward from April 5327 12
Total balance ............. .....
$8082.59
Bill Partington reported on the May 14-16 Conference in Gainesville. Discussion was held on where to have the all-member meeting later this year, and where to hold the annual conference next year. (see Where Would You Like to Have the Next Meeting? elsewhere on these pages).
Fred Landrum, president of Business Planning Associates, Inc., appealed to the Board to officially endorse and sponsor the Florida Native Plant Marketing and Information Service , a new enterprise that proposes to become "a central source for information on purchasing native plants . (See The Florida Native Plant Marketing and Information Service elsewhere on these pages.) The Board approved the concept, but requested a written agreement for study.
The Naples Chapter requested a loan and a grant of $800 to assist them in their native plant notecard publication project. The Board voted to loan them $400 for a short term, and $400 on long term to be repaid if and when they are able to print a second set. (This allows them to retain their profits from the first set to give them capital for producing the second set.)
The Board voted to allocate $20 per year to each director for expenses incurred in their official FNPS capacities Receipts are required.
The Board agreed to allow three delegates per $50 membership and six delegates per $100 membership to attend conferences at regular membership rates
The Board upheld its January decision to not allow public disclosure of the FNPS membership list.
Glamour Industries is sponsoring a contest for outstanding work in preservation and restoration of plant communities Bill Partington established the following committee to aid in nominating deserving projects: Workman, Ackerman, Burdett, Duever,
Karl , Lotspeich , and Mock.
The Science Committee suggested that their committee be combined with the Informational Resources Committee to create the Science and Informational Resources Committee with Carol Lotspeich as chairperson and Bijan Dehgan as vice-chairperson. The Board voted to accept the suggestion.
CONSERVATION COMMITTEE
The Florida Native Plant Society (FNPS) was organized by people concerned with the preservation and perpetuation of a vanishing resource - our native plant communities. It is generally understood that plants provide the energy conversion that drives the earth's major ecosystems; however, plant communities perform other functions which are also crucial to ecosystem viability. Unfortunately, community functions are imperfectly understood and often neglected.
It is a major role, then, for environmental organizations to promote understanding of the ecological consequences of mankind's actions. It is the specific role of FNPS to promote understanding of the dependency the people of Florida, the nation, and the world have on native plant communities.
Preservation and perpetuation of native plant communities are important in part because:
1. Native plant communities protect water resources For example: Upland forests stabilize soil, preventing erosion and the consequent degradation of receiving waters. Wetland plant communities purify water by filtering particulates and assimilating nutrients contained in run-off.
2. Native plant communities help protect air quality. Plants, especially forests, remove carbon compounds from the air and store them in woody plant tissue
3. Native plant communities provide genetic diversity. The continued production of food for humanity depends on seeking out disease and pestresistant native plant strains related to agricultural crops. Medicines to combat pestilence must come in the future, as in the past , from plant species, which may not be there when we need them
4. The wildlife and fishery resources which provide a substantial portion of humanity's protein and recreation de, pend on the primary productivity and habitat quality of native plant communities.
5. Disruption of native plant communities leads to invasion by exotic plants. Exotics proliferate away from natural controls and reduce habitat
value for wildlife, recreation, and resource management.
6. Native plant communities stabilize our fragile barrier islands which buffer the mainland from cyclonic wind and storm surge
7. Native plant communities provide aesthetic enjoyment and recreation to millions of our countrymen, who in turn support a vast outdoor recreation industry
The Florida Native Plant Society resolves that the preservation and perpetuation of native plant communities is our highest priority. Restoration of disturbed lands and the encouragement of the use of native plants for landscaping are important secondary goals. However, restoration must not be considered as a desirable or an equal alternative to preservation.
Be it affirmed then: The Florida Native Plant Society is dedicated to the identification, preservation, and understanding of native plant communities.
Adopted July 10, 1982
PROPAGATION COMMITTEE
The FNPS Propagation Committee was attended by 26 people from all regions of the state.
The meeting was opened with an introduction of the Propagation Committee goals and objectives as published in the November, 1981, Palmetto. Discussion centered around the inclusion of landscaping as one of the concerns of this committee. It was generally agreed that landscaping with native plants, as one of the major goals of the FNPS, should probably have its own committee appointed by the Board of Directors and should not be a function of the Propagation Committee David Drylie (Orlando) offered to assist in formulating ideas for a landscaping committee.
The remainder of the meeting was an open forum for discussion of the function of the Propagation Committee and what programs it should take on. Many people voiced concerns about FNPS distributing propagation information to the general public, with the possibility of commercial interests being threatened by this action No conclusive decisions were reached on this matter
Five members were requested by the chairperson to assist in the organization and planning of the Propagation Committee's activities. This group will meet to formulate specific direction for this committee.
Norma Jeanne Byrd informed the members of the success of the April meeting of the Florida Chapter of the American Society of Landscape Ar-
BUSINESS····· CHAPTER NEWS
chitects and the FNPS program there (a function organized by the Propagation Committee).
• Norma Jeanne Byrd, chairperson
FNPS CHAPTERS
Big Pine Key Botanical Society
Ann Williams, President Rt. 1, Box 440 Big Pine Key, 33043
Central Florida Chapter
Mrs Edgar S. Hays, President 528 Cathcart Ave. Orlando, 32803
South Brevard Chapter
Hester Wagner, President 6885 Ward Pkwy Melbourne, 32901
Palm Beach County Chapter
Paul Cummings, President
The Tree Gallery Rt. 1, Box 8536 Boynton Beach, 33437
Gainesville Chapter
Francis Alsobrook , Secretary Rt. 2, Box 104 Melrose, 32666
Naples Chapter
Dorie Karl, President 3775 7th Ave., N.W. Naples , 33999
Dade County Chapter
Joyce Gann, President 22140 S.W. 152 Ave. Goulds, 33170
SOUTH BREVARD
As of May 13 we have 24 paid chapter members That gives us an increase of 800% since September '81 (just six months).
Catching up on activities, we backtrack to Feb 7 when the South Brevard Chapter walked through one section of Wickham park. Half a dozen new faces joined us for that one. Later, on Feb. 28th , our chapter provided guides for the Turkey Creek Sanctuary Committee for a walking tour through the sanctuary
Our March meeting was a day-long tour on the Deseret Ranch (in Holopaw) arranged for us by Weona Cleveland.
April, in spite of the rain, yielded two tours On the 10th we walked through Carlton Teate's Wildlife & Nature Center; then on the 24th we had an allday hike through Jane Green Swamp (Bull Creek).
On May 2nd we provided guides again for the Turkey Creek Sanctuary Committee. On May 15 , while six lucky members were in Gainesville for the FNPS Conference, a few stay-at -homes spread FNPS information at the Turkey Creek Day festivities in Palm Bay. Copies of the May Palmetto with the article about our local schizophrenic paw-paw were handed out to all the local science teachers. We needed an information sheet with a membership form and chapter president Hester Wagner came up with a great idea. We did a quick paste-up from back issues of the Palmetto, ran 500 copies and handed them out to anyone who stood still. Maybe other chapters can use the
THE FLORIDA NATIVE PLANT BIBLIOGRAPHY ...
is ready to go - just as soon as you sta rt sending in your checks. The finished volume is sma ller than the one on display at the Conference in Gainesville - cuts the printing costs in half - 5½" by 8½". It will contain over 180 pages , and is plastic-ring bound with heavy paper covers. The cost is $15 per copy - $5 less that we thought we might have to charge because so many people have expressed interest. Please add $1 for mailing costs unless you can pick it up at the Winter Park office.
Dr. Henry Whittier has put in hours and hour s of time in the preparation of this botanical bibliography. It should be of value to anyo n e who wants to know where to find i nform at io n on Florida plants. Th e a rticl es l isted are ava ilab le from local libraries , coun ty libr ary se rvi ces, university libraries , and inter-library l oan (The re is discussion abou t having them ava i lable from FNPS , but that has not been implemented yet.)
Send for your copy. $15 (plus $1 postage). Mail to Florida Nativ e Plant Society , 935 Orange Ave ., Winter Park 32789
i I would like ____ copy (ies) of THE FLORIDA BOTANICAUECOLOGICAL
I BIBLIOGRAPHY . Enclosed is a check for_
idea
A long-term activity (really long! more than a year!) has been spearheaded by Margaret Hames, one of our founding members: the compiling of the vegetative list for the Turkey Creek Sanctuary. So far, Margaret has listed 170 species of herbs, shrubs, trees, and vines. Only a few grasses and ferns are identified, but the group finds new plants on every walk through the sanctuary
Our next meeting is a rare sit-down indoors type, scheduled for July 15 at the Sears (Melbourne Store) Garden Room at 7 p m. College-bound Glenn Atwood will show slides of his hike of the Appalachian Trail and some from local hikes.
• Marcy R. Bartlett
NAPLES CHAPTER
The Naples Chapter began its existence in November, 1981. At this introductory meeting, Joyce and Don Gann of Tropical Greenery Native Plant Nursery gave a slide presentation on all aspects of native plants. Turnout and interest were very good, and it was decided to have an organizational meeting the following month. Meetings have continued every third Monday of the month since.
Four officers were elected in January, 1982. These were Dorie Karl, president; Martha Taylor , vice president; Gary Patterson, treasurer; and Linda Weinland, secretary. One change in officers has occurred with Augustin Alvarez replacing Martha Taylor.
Membership in our chapter has grown from twenty four to our present number of forty nine. Of the 49 local members, fifteen to twenty are active regular members (reflects our northern visitors during the winter in Naples).
At our December meeting we agreed upon a two dollar chapter fee to cover expenses of meetings : mailings , refreshments , and miscellaneous expenditures
Projects and activities have included field trips for plant and plant community identification, a native plant swap/sale (which generated $38 for our treasury), speakers, a plant study group, and our present notecard project.
The notecard project: We have designed a set of stationery notecards to sell that feature five of Florida ' s native plants, with information on the habitat and landscape potential on the back of each card. A thousand packages with ten cards in each package will be printed, thanks to the loan from FNPS.
Future activities planned include a major native plant sale for the public continued next page
Page 8, PALMETTO, August 1982
CHAPTER NEWS ---·from page 7 and an exotic plant pest (Downy rosemyrtle) removal day at the Big Cypress Nature Center, where we hold our meetings and workshops.
• Dorie Karl
A new educational and service project has been initiated by the Naples Chapter of the FNPS under the direction of Linda Weinland. The group has begun a survey of the flora of CollierSeminole State Park at the request of Ken Alvarez, Interpretive Naturalist for the Florida Department of Natural Resources. Collier-Seminole is located on U.S. 41, 17 miles southeast of Naples. Among the plant communities in this diverse area are tropical hammocks, scrubby flatwoods, pine flatwoods, cypress swamps, freshwater marshes, salt marshes, and mangrove swamps. The goals of the people involved in this project include the compilation of a list of all vascular plants of the park, construction of vegetation maps, and the establishment of a permanent collection of the plants, which will be housed at the Collier Center of Edison Community College. Participants plan biweekly collecting trips to various areas in the park, followed by plant identification sessions. Through our involvement we hope to learn a great deal about the flora of South Florida.
• Linda Weinland
As a service project for the Golden Gate Community, the Naples Chapter sponsored a Landscape Workshop, presented by Augustin Alvarez. The workshop introduced the audience to available native plants, design principles and maintenance considerations in order to functionally and aesthetically landscape a two and a half mile non-irrigated county roadway median.
The program began with a slide show by Chris Anderson, Collier County Forester, on native plants suitable for Collier County, a discussion of distributed literature, followed by a brief summary of design principles, including artistic arrangement of plants, graphics, and uses of drafting equipment.
The emphasis of the workshop was two-fold: first, to familiarize the audience with the use of native plants in a landscape setting, and second, to give the participants from several naturalist, ecological, civic and garden organizations hands-on experience in the total landscape and maintenance of an actual site.
Small groups were formed to allow everyone to have in-put and participation. Each group of four or five determined the most suitable plant palette and design scheme that would beautify the median with the newest possible maintenance requirements.
A representative from each of the
groups presented their design to the rest. The design considerations included plant cost, availability, horticultural adaptability, and degree of maintenance. The majority of the plants included cabbage palms, Dahoon holly, slash pine, and wax myrtle.
It was a rewarding, educational, and practical experience for the participants and myself. Special thanks go to everyone who provided assistance in making the workshop a success. After some issues are resolved, we hope the design will be implemented in the near future.
• Augustin Alvarez Coral Ridge-Collier Properties
DADE
Dade Chapter's Committee on Using Natives in the Landscape has been meeting weekly at the offices of Post, Buckley, Schuh & Jernigan since its formation at the June Chapter meeting at Fairchild Tropical Garden.
This group, with its varied abilities, hopes to serve as a liaison among those involved in the use of native plants in the developed landscape: grower, landscape contractor, landscape designer, landscape educator, consumer-client-public agency. To do this, they need to gather and organize information such as:
• Physical description of plant
• realistic mature size and growth rate
• marketable size and related specification
• illustration
• locations of mature specimens
• bibliography
• Culture
• natural habitat
• care and maintenance
• Use
• effective combinations in design
• range of suitable uses
The committee intends to set up:
• A Native Plant Registry with three scattered locations where cultivated specimens could be visited and evaluated by those interested in their use, plus a 35mm slide for viewing or loan.
• A Native Plant Hotline where phone inquiries could be made as to physical characteristics, culture, use, availability, and location of specimens for viewing.
• A computer program with storage· of information on all native plants suitable for production and use in the landscape, accessible by microcomputer and modem.
Realizing that a common format was required upon which information could
be gathered for future computerization, Joe Cascio offered his plant descriptor checklist which he has developed over the years for computer application. It combines the best of his needs as a designer with those of the University of Michigan Taxir program descriptors, the AAN resource program, E.J. Enright's descriptors, and those of Joyce Gann's valuable "Checklist of Selected Native Trees." The committee amended the checklist and also resolved the format for the plant information sheets, below.
PHYSICAL PATTERN
Mature Height
Mature Spread
Outl lne
CULTURAL TOLERANCES
Natural Habitat
Drainage Light
Branching Pattern Orientation
Foliage Hass Exposure
Growth Rate Temperature
Root Type pH
Foliage Texture Other Tolerances
Design Use Haint. Characteristics
Location of Halnt. Requirements
Typical specimen Haint. Attributes
Avallabll lty
SPECIAL ATTRACTIONS
Foliage Color
New Growth or Underside
Other Foliage Attributes
Blossom Color
Blossom Time
Fruit Color
Fruit Time
Fruit Arrangement
Fruit Size
Bark Color
Twig Color
Twig Structure
Outstanding Characteristics
• Joe Cascio
CENTRAL FLORIDA
On May 22, 1982, members of the Central Florida Chapter met at the gate to the site of the proposed Curtis Stanton Coal-fired Power Plant for the Orlando Utilities Commission. Guided by two members from the Commission, Mr. Bob Hicks and Mr. Mike Holland, members of the FNPS Chapter drove through the area to the plant site. The heavy rain of the night before no doubt kept some members away, but left many plants that enjoyed wet ground
in full display. We caught a glimpse of a white tail deer and a soaring eagle. For the entire morning we examined flowers and plants that were growing in the open area set aside for the power plant within a scattered young pine woods. Many plants growing in moist areas, such as pitcher plants, spiderworts, and marsh pinks, were identified, but none were on the endangered list.
We learned about the study of the Red-cockaded Woodpecker whose endangered breeding ground is on the site, and examined a copy of the study on the plants in the area made by Environmental Science and Engineering Inc., of Gainesville.
• Mildred Sias
BIG PINE KEY
The Big Pine Key Chapter collects and ships seeds of Florida Keys native plants. For further details and a list of plants from which seeds are collected, write Ann Williams, Rt. 1, Box 440, Big Pine Key 33043. If you are planning a visit to the Keys, contact Ann . She will take you on a field trip anywhere in the lower Keys area.
• Ann Williams President, Big Pine Key Botanical Soc FNPS S W Dist. Representative
COCCO LO BA
A new FNPS Chapter is being formed in the Fort Myers area, called the Coccoloba Chapter Contact Ruth Danforth, secretary, Rt. 2, Box 1096, Alva, Florida 33920
CONFERENCE ON SOUTH FLORI DA NATIVE PLANTS
A Conference on South Florida Native Plants, co-sponsored by the newly organized Dade County Chapter of FNPS and Fairchild Gardens, .will be held on Oct. 2, 1982, from 8:30 A.M to 5 P.M. at Fairchild Gardens on 11905 Old Cutler Rd. in Miami.
The Conference is intended for nurserymen, developers, educators, and anyone interested in Florida's native plants in south Florida
Speakers include Roger and Nancy Hammer, Dr. Taylor Alexander, Dr. Popenoe, June Eggert, Joe Cascio, and Ron Oprazadik. •
The registration fee is $25 until Sept. 24th, $30 thereafter The fee includes catered lunch.
Call the Fairchild Gardens main office for more information and registration forms: 305/667-1651, and plan to attend this all-day seminar
• John Foote
FLORIDA NATIVE PLANT MARKETING & INFORMATION SERVICE
by Fred Landrum
The Directors of the Florida Native Plant Society recently endorsed the concept of the Florida Native Plant Marketing & Information Service (FNPMIS) to help unify and overcome son:ie of the problems of the fledgling native plant industry, and obtain additional revenues for the Society. The FNPMIS will be the focal point for commercial interests in native plants . Operation of the organization will be fa~ilitated. through an arrangement with Business Planning Associates, Inc., a management consulting firm located in Hobe Sound, Florida. '
One of the most significant driving factors of the newly emerging native plant industry is the growing recognition that much of the State's greatly altered landscape and natural ecology, brought about by varied economic interests, can be restored through the proper use of native flora Other factors, perhaps bf equal importance, are an increasing awareness of native plant aesthetics, reduced maintenance requirements, drought resi.stant characteristics, and a host of other attributes which native plant fanciers have known for years. Although the native plant industry is moving forward, positive steps have to be taken by those with commercial interests to sustain or accelerate the demand while ensuring that an adequate supply of quality material is available . Research, education, communication, and standardization is also of vital importance to the industry.
An assessment of the industry indicates that 1) production of native plants is mostly limited to small scale nurseries scattered throughtout the State, 2) most landscape architectural firms have little knowledge of native plants and their usage, and quite often those that do have some knowledge are reluctant to specify natives because they do not think the material is available, 3) the industry has only a .few qualified professional experts on native plants, and their usage, and 4) there is an inadequate amount of research being done with native plants to learn more about such important
aspects as propagation methods, symbotic relationships, growth habits, and plant characteristics.
The Florida Native Plant Marl<eting and Information Service will bridge the gap between growers of native plants and seekers of native plants. For these nurserymen, the organization will provide a central outlet where they can sell their plants in a significantly broadened marketplace. For those dealing in professional services related to native plants and their use (i.e. landscape architects, designers, contractors, planners, and other consultants), the FNPMIS will offer a central source from which native plants · may be purchased, opportunities to bid on service projects that emerge from the statewide marketing network, and a way to learn more about native plant varieties and characteristics. Specific functions to be performed by the organization include the buying and selling of native plants, the promotion of native plant usage; the collection, evaluation, and dissemination of information regarding market trends and inventories of marketable native plants.
The FNPMIS will generate revenues through an annual membership fee of $165.00, paid by those with commercial interests who wish to take advantage of the marketing and information service. Twelve dollars of the annual fee will be applied toward membership in the Florida Native Plant Society. Additional revenues will be derived from a nominal service charge attached to the sale of native plants and to related professional service contracts. A portion of these revenues over and above expenses, will be used by the Florida Native Plant Society to further its aims and objectives through the funding of technical research as may be related to the preservation and restoration of native plant communities
For additional information on the FNPMIS, you may contact Messrs Fred or Michael Landrum, at (305) 546-7667, or write the Florida Native Plant Marketing & Information Service, at P.O. Box 1748, Jupiter, Florida 33458
NATIVE PLANTS ·1N THE DOMESTIC LANDSCAPE
by Dick Workman
Natural Landscaping: Designing with Native Plant Communities, John Diekelmann and Robert Schuster. 1982. McGraw-Hill, N.Y. 276 pp ($24.95)
Many native plant enthusiasts in Florida have learned from experience that substituting native plants in conventional landscape patterns falls short of recreating the quality and benefits of a natural environment. Those who have succeeded in capturing natural benefits with a native domestic landscape have planted appropriate native species in natural-like associations.
It seems a simple enough concept to understand, but the complexities appear to increase logarithmically when one actually tries to do it.
A number of books have been written in recent years that encourage this reintroduction of native plants into the domestic landscape, even though the loss of natural plant communities have hardly become a major issue for the American public. But this new book, Natural Landscaping, is an advanced, comprehensive treatment of natural · system modeling techniques for recreating natural plant communities in the domestic landscape. The authors take some of the complexity out of the problem with a thorough analysis and a skillful presentation of the state of the art.
Part one of the book introduces the reader to what the authors term "naturalizing," and discusses important plant community concepts The authors make it clear that most landscape hobbyists and professionals must be reprogrammed to think more in terms of plant physiology rather than ornament for plant selection
priority.
The second part of the book describes plant communities of the northeastern and mid-western states. These chapters however, should not be dismissed as irrelevant to the Florida reader. The approach used to describe each community helps the reader tune in to the features which are important for recreating the environment.
Planning and design are discussed in the third section of the book This very well-illustrated and detailed section guides the reader through site analysis and techniques for insuring that the proper plants and plant communities are appropriate not only for the physical setting but for the use of the site as well. Examples from a variety of environments that provide information on how the process has worked in specific situations make up the last section. Appendices follow with species lists for northeastern communities and a listing of places where examples of natural plant communities can be seen.
If you are one of the pioneers experiencing the frustrations of trying to recreate complex natural plant communities in the landscape, don't expect this book to unlock all the secrets to short circuiting natural succession. The authors make it clear that recreating a plant community that has taken generations to develop in nature will take generations in the domestic landscape as well.
Natural Landscaping is an important and timely reference Though written for a distinctly different geographical area, Florida native landscape advocates will find it to be both enjoyable to read and indispensable as a technical reference.
"All Florida gardens should be bird sanctuaries. Birds are not only beautiful, but are our most efficient allies in destroying injurious insects. Without the birds, our gardens, forests, and fields would be lifeless deserts and, unhappily, our birds are decreasing in an alarming way. Their enemies are numerous, the worst of all being man. Cats and squirrels are dangerous enemies to most birds, and also the climbing snakes, particularly the black snake and the socalled "coach-whip." Birds feed almost exclusively on insects, but they need variety, and enjoy a 1ittle fruit as well. They deserve all they take, as a compensation for their work as insect destroyers.
"Birds always prefer the fruits and berries of wild trees and shrubs to the cultivated ones. Our common Elderberry, the various Hollies, Wild Cherries, and others should be planted on every estate."
• Dr. Henry Nehrling
THANKS!
Thanks to the following people for their assistance and support in the production of the first edition of the FNPS traveling exhibition board: new corporate members Foster, Conant and Associates, Landscape Architects of Orlando; Florida Screen Service of Altamonte; Linda Duever, Steve Brill , Marion Skilling, Mitch Philippe, Triangle Reprographics, Bill Partington, Peggy Lantz. It was on display at the May FNPS Conference, has been shown in Miami, and was set up in the Winter Park Mall over the weekend of July 24th and 25th.
I encourage your analysis and input for later editions.
• David Drylie Green Images , Orlando
(305) 852-2636
You are invited to place an advertisement for your company in The Palm etto to help pay for iis publication and to let the readers oi Palmetto - those most interested in what you have to offer - know oi your product and -services.
Rates for camer.i-ready copy are $200 a full page , $110 a half-page, $75 for one -third page (two Eo l umn s wide by 4 7/8" high ), or $40 for one- sixt h of a page (one co lumn wide by 4 7/ 8 " hi gh or two columns wide by 2 3/8 " high) Business card special is $20. For running the same ad in two is sues there will be a 20% discotmt. and.for three issues a 30 % discount. except ior busine ss card~ Copy that needs special photogr.iphy or setting up will cost extra. Send copy to Th e Palmetto, Peggy Lantz Editor, Rt. 3. Box 437, Orlando , FL 328 11
WANTED: ARTICLES
Articles of interest to readers of The Palmetto are needed: articles on legislation, endangered species, landscaping with native plants, selling them, saving them, finding them, protecting them, conserving energy with them, and especially propagating them. Also articles on early Florida botanists.
If you have ideas, but words fail you, call the Editor, who will take down your information and form an article with your expertise. Send to: The Palmetto, Peggy Lantz, Editor, Rt. 3, Box 437, Orlando 32811, 305/299-1472.
AUTHORS AND ARTISTS
David Lyrene, an associate professor at the University of Florida since 1974 in the fruit crops department, has been a blueberry !)reeder since 1977.
Dick Workman is one of the founders of the Florida Native Plant Society, the author of Growing Native, and president of Coastplan, Inc. of Fort Myers.
Dr. Grace B. Iverson is Adjunct Instructor teaching Botany and Environmental Conservation at Palm Beach Junior College. She consults for biological and vegetation surveys, and is conducting ecological research in Broward and Palm Beach counties
NEXT ISSUE
A house in Bradenton has been landscaped entirely with native plants. "Before" and "after" photos.
Joe Cascio designed a native plant show garden at the Miami show Joyce Gann believes it was a unique and splendid use of native plants.
Judy Bates and her son, Jim Birdsey, are co-owners of Birdsey's Edibles and Native Plants in Bradenton, that Judy calls "a backyard nursery." She also has written a weekly column for the Bradenton Herald garden page. Kathy L. Wolf works for the City of Key West as Landscape Coordinator. She says, "Botanical illustration has become a hobby to help me learn the Florida Keys native plants since many people have observed, 'They all look the same.' I help others learn the plants by teaching a native plants course offered by the Florida Keys Community College.''
GLOSSARY
dioecious - having the male and female reproductive organs in separate plants. pinnately compound - A compound leaf has two or more leaflets on a single stalk, while a pinnate leaf is feathery. ovate - egg-shaped.
Palmetto wants your Chapter News!
Deadline for the November issue is-------__, October 15.
c Slngle - $12. r Famlly- S.15
r Co nirl buUn_g • s2s r Suppott i;;g $5 0
I WO ULD LIKE TO BECOME A MEMBER OF FNPS L OQnor $ IOO
Patron $500
ORGANIZATIONS
Organfza11ooal • $50 Doner SlOO Patron • Ji500 up {Corµora.te or organlzal •onal members ma)' be gmn l ed pem,lssion 10 USO 1he FNPS lo-go In the ir promol icma l il l era t uro, 01.11 mus1 have wrllten notlfic:allo11 or lhis oermlsslott
LETTERS
NEW COLUMN, THANKS TO NEW MEMBER
Dear Editor:
Enjoyed the copies of Palmetto recently received. I'll try to use the information on grass runners right away. Almost as interesting as plants are words. Words I had to look up were: panicle, inflorescence, and awns. Rhizomes was defined in the article. How clever of you to make sure the words were used again in another article or issue! Next purchase will be a plant book!
• Barbara Beddingfield, new member Ed. note: This letter gives rise to a new column for each issue: A glossary of terms that might be strange to nonbotan'ists. (See our first glossary elsewhere in this issue.)
"CONE-TAINE RS"
Dear Editor:
Several· people asked me about the long, tubular containers for the seedling propagation that one nurseryman had at the recent convention.
Our source is:
Ray leach 'Cone-tainer' Nursery 1787 North Pine Street · Canby , Oregon 97013
Perhaps The Palmetto could reach many people at once.
• Dr. Margaret L. Gilbert Florida Southern College
NEEDED: YOUR OPINION
Dear Editor:
Attached is a list of' plant species native to Florida that were ,proposed by the U.S. Fish and Wil'ilif~ Service in 1976 for listing under the Endangered Species Act. The FWS still believes that these species deserve listing - all are "category 1" candidates in the December, 1980, Federal Register publication. However, the FWS does not appear to have taken any action to list them.
I would appreciate your asking the members of the Florida Native Plant Society which of these species they believe should have priority in gravest threat due to small numbers, immi-
Species
Oxypolis greenmanii, Sium floridanum, Cereus eriophorus var. fragrans, C. gracilis var. aboriginum, C. g. simpsonii,
nent development, etc., and whether th€re are other species from the 1976 proposal (Smithsonian list) that they would recommend for prompt listing.
The language of the ESA reauthorization bills clearly tells FWS to speed up listing of endangered species. I hope we can work together to assure that additional listings do: take place and that the most threatened plants are handled first.
• Faith T. Campbell : Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. 1725 I Street, N.W. Suite 600 Washington, D.C. 20006
Common Name
Greenma.n's dropwort Rhode Island waterparsnip none
Chamaesyce (Euphorbia) deltoidea ssp. serpyllum, C. (E) porterana var. keyensis,
C. (E). p. var. scoparia, Euphorbia garberi, Hypericum cumulicola, Pinguicula ionantha, Spiranthes lanceolata var. paludicola, Salix floridana, Taxus floridana, Verbena tampensis,
FLORIDA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY
ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION CENTER 935 ORANGE AVENUE
WINTER PARK , FLORIDA 32789
ADDRESS CORREcnON REQUESTED
original prickly apple Simpson's prickly apple Spurge Spurge
Spurge Spurge
St John's wort butterwort ladies' tresses Florida willow Florida yew
Vervain NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION U.S POSTAGE
WINTER PARK, FLA PERMIT NO 3 - 358