EQ_B020-F04 - SOUTH EAST ASIAN UNION (ROMULO - RECTO - LAUREL - AVELINO EXCHANGES)

59 The representativesalso stressedthe impo sifying each country's efforts to increase

dustrial productivity and the desirability of ad interchange of basic technical know-how among themselves as 'well as of taking advantage of assistance along similar lines that may be extended to them by countries outside the region and by international organizations.

The representatives agreed to support the activities of existing international otganizations and discussed the desirability of promoting their common purposes through more effective participation in these organizations in ways consistent with their principles and the interests of their membership.

The Sub-Committee was ably headed by India's Sir Ramaswami Mudaliar, paSt president of the UN Economic and Social Council. The members were: Mr. A. J. Tange (Australia), Mr. Senanayake (Ceylon), Dr. Nazir Ahmed (Pakistan), Senator Carlos Garcia and Congressman Diosdado Macapagal (Philippines), Minister Luang Bhadravadi (Thailand), Dr. Sudomo and Dr. Charles Tambu (Indonesia).

Previously the Social and Cultural Sub-Committee had submitted its report to the President of the Conference. The report affirms the need for closer codperation among the countries of the region in order to promote the cultural progress and social well-being of their peoples.

Specifically, the râ‚Źport of the Social and Culturai Sub-Com' mittee underscores the obligation of the participating governments to intensify the campaign against illiteracy, promote education for international understanding, establishment of international study centers and cultural institutes, foster the exchange of books, periodicals, documentary films and other media for the dissemination of ideas and information, exchange of technicians, teachers, and students, and progressive social legislation including measures of public health and nutrition: The report further stresses the need for seeking greater attention to and assistance for the needs of Southeast Asian countries from the United Nations and its specialized agencies.

A number of the delegations had expressed during the general debate on the opening day of the conference some concern over the fact that the countries of the region had not repeived their just share of help from the United Nations and its agencies.

The Social and Cuitural Sub-Committee was presided by Dr. Coomaraswamy (Ceylon) as Chairman, and rvith Dr. J. W. Burton and Mr. J. K. Waller (Australia), Dr. Shri N. Haksar

t i "COPY

l

LIBERAL PARTY National Caropa ign Headquarters 21-47 Azcarrasa - Tel. 3-28-19 l.{ani1a, Philippines 5th August 1949

Viy dear Ambassador Ronulo : T

.cm nl pa<ad

f ^

r a ' r n n r ^ r ' le d c r a

rcnoi

nf

nf

of even dabe, enclosing copy of the Letter 'Lj"ons of tlB

rrnrrr

I aii-a7.

of Instruc-

President to your goodself with regard

to a proposed IInion of Sou|heasl Asian peoples, and soli.citing

the cooperatlon of the Liberal

Party

( '\rrelino .'iing) in forming a non-partisa-n front s e c u r e t h e 1 , o n g - r a n g eo b j e c t i v e

to

of organizing such a

ur.io'. -nd r:ke immediate objective

6^ s6r:nding orrt the

countries concerned on the desirehiIif.w

cf a. con-

ference among them.

At the orrtset I wish to congratulate qrrar'pqq

,nnarphf

i n

pl i mi n-ci i no

f.Lo

m r \ r .va

yor: on your n v vhi Ji e n ! vf

vf

i n o v rn r aau h ' l L E

features of the President I s original

proposals.

is for

the way had been

this

reason a1one that

opened for me to entertain partisan

frcnt.

political in all

I felt

vour invitation

You are well

for

It

a non-

aware, I am sure, cf the

considerations I have been compelled to weigh,

fairness

to ny party

No matter

colleagues.

what we may do or say, the success of your undertaking may, on purpose or not, in the electoral-

help the present administration

campaign in wllch we are all

But I have never set such a high price politlcal-

forbunes or prestige

interest,

on my personal

and I feel

be ready, in the name of patriotisn which you have involed,

engaged.

that

I should

and the national to put aside any con-

siderations

of polltical

concurrence

and tlet

objectives,

on the basis of the following

advantage and to express my

of my party

in the afori:said

two

principles.

tr@

J A t o C P R ,8 / 5 / + 9 , p . z .

Qi;,(:}

1. Fresh start. we shall

time that

in the formulation is only fair

that

Considering that

of participating

have an opportunity

pollcy,

of our foretgn

is the first

this

it

I believe

we should not be bound by the previous

or commitments of the present administration.

polici.es

hie repudiate

any c oomitment s made by the

specifically

President to Chiang Kai-shek in Baguio, especially .military repudiate

a1,so the President I s announced intention

embraeing the hated Japanese and insist

pines shall

participate.

peoples who look to the Filipinos in the fulfillment

for for

of their

the Presi-

powers in

for the colonial

Southeast Asia and his indifferenee

assistance

Japan shall

that

And we repudiate

dentr s fond solicitude

of

in which the Phllip-

be excluded from any organization

ni

We

comnitments in any fo rro, open or secret.

the subjugaNed

encouragenent and nationallst

as-

z'e f i nnq

2. Fundamental principles.

The fundanental basis

of the proposed union sha1l be the agreement arrived in the New Delhi conference, at your initiative that

of the Prime Mini-ster of India.

shal1 be recognized that

at

and

Speclfically,

it

the problem of Conmunisn sha11

be solved by each country prinarily

within

lts

own

borders rsith a program of socj-al justi"ce and, to attain this

objective

a right

i.n the Philippines,

eoneubinage with

the rieh

in cooperation w'ith the Liberal a non-partisan

basis,

of sociaL justice party

platforn.

will

I have

and powerful

will and,

Party (Ave11no Wing) on

help to enforce the programs

and social

security

pledged in my

Democracy begins at home and we should

solve our own denocratic lnterfere

that

the present administration

to expect that

abandon its

I feel

in the lnternal

problems before conflicts

vâ&#x201A;Źnturing

to.

of other nations.

6" JA to CPR, 8/5/49,

Furthernore, to be free

p. 3.

the righb of the peoples of Southeast Asia and independent shal1 also be recogni-zed

and the fulfillment

of their

be the primordial

shall

as vrell as its

obJective

indispensable

beeause rny party

record

libertarian

of the proposed union

platfonn

our cooperation

with

has condemned the sho,I,^rn by the present

To make sure that

cooperation.

sha11 be ttuly

the fundamental .policies

of the Philippines

regard to the proposed unj-on shal,l be forrnulated

political

parties

be observed strictly particular,

and the rrle

in arriving

states

commonconsent of the party tiatj-ons

for

America shalI fuIl

politj.cal

three

of unanimity

sha1l

at any decisions.

In

assistance

representatives.

Any nego-

from tbe United States of

also be made on a non-partj.san basi.s

parties.

from the three najor

None of the agreements arri.ved at,

secured, shall , of course, be used as an

electj-on issue. of the Philippines

However, as you know, the Constitution safeguards jealously

any menber of my party discussion

sha11 be determined by

and equal representation

or assistance

subnitted

of all

the date of the conference to be proposed

to the participating

with

anil pan-

non-partisan

by a body composed of representatives najor

of

toward the subjugated peoples of Asia.

3. Non-partisan

partisan,

I make this

foundation.

sharneful and senseLess indifference administration

aspirations

tbe right

concerned to a futl

of any agreements arrived to the Senate for

of

and free

at which are

ratification.

0n the basis of the foregoing

prineiples,

I shall

be most happy, rny dear Mr. Anbassador, to assure you

ffi

Qs-o--'*.g

tilF e"l

J A t o C P R ,8 / l / t g '

P. tt.

my c oneurrence and that obJectives.

of my party

Upon your favorable

designate the representative lino

j-n your announced

response, I shall

of the Liberal

Wing) in these negotiati-ons which, for

of our country allegiance

Party (Avethe sake

and our people to whom our highest

is owed, I hope EhaLl be entirely Very tnrly

successful.

yours,

( S G D . ) J O S EA V E L T N O

*

|

copy

Manila, Aup;ust 5, I9l+9

My dear Senator Avelino: Ia accordance with

Qdi,n9

our conversation

I an sending you an official-

at breakfast,

President Qulrinors

letter

of lnstructions Union.

establ-ishment of a Pacific in particular tlons

copy of to me on the

to make representa-

to the leaders of the other political

order to secure non-partisan

norning

this

I ask you to note

I am authorized

that

support for

parties this

in

speclfic

aspect of our fo rei-gn policy.

Accordingly, rence and that objectives lishment

I would like

of your party

of our foreign of a Pacific

to obtain your concur-

to the follorrring

policy

lity

relative

two

to the estab-

Union:

1. The inmediate ob,iective, th,e countries

which is to sound out

of Southeast Asia regarding the desirabiin Baguio at a ti-me and with an agenda

of a neeting

to be determined by comnon consent among the participating

states

prior

to the meeting; and

2. The lonE-ranEe objective.

Pacific

Union, without

of cornmonfaith

military

which is to forge a cofiixnitments, as an act

in order to promote the political,

economic and cultural to safeguard their

interests

of the mernberstates

@nnon stake in tbe preservation

and of

democracy and freedom.

I reiterate sati.on this

trl?,t I

nornlng,

said in the course of our conver-

narnely, that, I am seeking your

support of these two objectives as an act of the highest to our existing

party

ffi

on a non-partisan

patrlotLsm

and without

basis prejudiee

system and the norrnal processes

of our democratie elections.

qft' *

|

ffi

cPBto JA, 8/5/b9, p. ?.

Qts,ot><x.9

May I express again ny appreciation graeioua invitation

to me to breakfast

morning on your birthday

and for

your

with you thls

the opportunity

discuss with you a problem of such vital our national

for

inportance

interest.

Sincerely,

(scD.) cARLos P.

Senator Jose Avelino Senate of the Philippines 1 4 a n i l a

to to

q;t .

t6xr

.

COPY Manila,. August 8, 1949

My dear Dr. Laurel: In accordance r,.tith our conversation

letter

to note in particular

1 am authorized

that

in order to secure non-partisan

specific

and that

objectives

support for

to obtain your con-

I would like of your party

two

to the followdng

of our forei,."n policy

establishnent

to make

aspect of our foreign policy.

Accordingly, currence

I ask yorr.

to the leaders of the other political

representations

this

to me on the

of a Southea.st Asian Union.

establishment

parties

of instructions

noon at

copy of Fresi-

luncheon, I am sending you an official dent Quirinots

this

relative

to the

of a Southeast Asian Union:

1. The inmediate object j-ve, which is to sound out the countries

of Southeast Asia regarding the

of a meeting in Baguio at a time and with

desirability

an agenda to be deternined the partlcipating

states

by c onnon consent among

prior

to the meetingl

2. The lonE-range objective,

and

which is to forge

a Southeast Asian Union, without

military

ments, as an act of connon faith

in order to pronot e the

political,

interests

states

economic and cultural

and to safeguard their

servation

of the nember

commonstake in the pre-

of democracy and freedom.

I reiterate conversation

this

what I said in the course of our noon, nanely,

that

your support of these two objectives basis as an act of the highest prejudice

commit-

to our existing

party

I arn seeking on a non-partisan

patriotism

and without

system and the norrnal

ffi

Ei.

l

CPRto JPL, 8/8/t+9, p. 2

processes of our denoeratic

elections.

Qd,t-*.9

ay I express again ny appreciation to Mrs. Laurel

for

your gracious

invitation

to Mrs. Romulo to have luncheon with opportunity lnportance

to discuss

with

to our national

to you and to me and

you and for

the

you a problem of such vital interest.

Sincerely,

(sGD.) CARLoSP. ROMULo

tvt a

Jose P. Laurel n i 1 a

ffi

COPY CHIEF OF TTIEPH]LIPPINE MISSION TO THE UNITED NATTONS

,aa

Manila,

August L8, 1949

My dear Mr. President:

suanceto your tetter

in pur-

to you that,

I have the honor to report

of Instnrctions

to rne dated Aug-

ust 3, 1949, A have succeeded in securing the support of the two opposi-tion parties obJectives

two

to tLF following

in connection with the establisbrnent of a

Southeast Asia Union: The i:nnediate objective.

l.

of Southeast Asia

sound out the countries regarding the desirability

Bagrio at a time and with '

determined eipating

which is to

of a neeting

in

an agenda to be

by comrnonconsent arnong the parti-

states

prior

to the meeting; and

2. The long-ranse

objective.

which is to

forge a Southeast Asia Union, h/ithout nilitary conmitments, as an act of fai-th in order to promote the commonpolitical, tural

interests

economic and cu1-

of the nember states,

the nature,

scope and purpose of the Union to be decided by the member states

thennelves.

Copies of the letters subject

that

between the leaders of the two parties

are hereto attached fc

Senator Jose Avelino,

of nethod and approach. be regarded as conditions

the letters

of concurrence

Dr. Jose P. Laurel and Dr.

CLaro M. Recto eontain certain

in the two objectives

and nryself

your infornation.

Iou wl 11 please note that fron

were exchange on this

reservations

These reservations precedent to thelr

as to rptters are not to concurrence

enumerated above but as important

matters which the representatives

of the two parties

witl

t

-a

Iaa,

CPB, Aug.18/t+9, pase 2.

be free policy

to present

in the evolution

of the Philippine

ftG#ry

at the proposed conference.

May I cornmend,in this

connection,

the high-

nl-ndedness with which the leaders of the opposition part j-es gave their initiated

#"@

support

by you on this

to the s6n-partisan

question,

thus showing their

readiness to place the supreme interests over and above those of faction

policy

of the nation

or party.

Sl"nce rely,

(scD.) cARLosP. ROMULo

His Excellency Elpidio Qiui-rino Prbsident of the Philip;:ines Manila, Phir-ippines

t

t

Or t. I {l

COPY JOSE P. LAUREL 404 San Vicente, Philippi.nes

Manila

Augnst 1 2, L949

Q"'-t'E

My dear Ambassador Ronnulo: I must apologiz e f or t he delay in thi.s ansr^'er to your letter

of August 8th,

a delay occasioned by my

having to await the resolution Party, erday.

at its

of the Nacionalista

reunion at the Selecta Restaurant yest-

0n the subject

of the two main objectives

of

the proposed Southeast Asia Union, as explained in y6qp lett er.

In accordance with

said resolution,

you will

doubtless hear lrom Dr. Claro M. Recto, who has been authorized on this

by the Nacionalista

subject.

Party ps its

two prineipal

obJeetives

ciated in your letter, without prejudice 'I have already expressed to you verbally certain Letter

points

spokesman

As regards my cwn personal view, I

am in accord with tle

tncorporated

of Instnrctions

Xias. Lsursl

1n President

enun-

to objections regarding Quirinots

to you.

and I are very happy to have had you

and Mrs. Romulo at luncheon at our hurrb1e home, and Mrs. Laurel particularly the beautiful

wishes to acknowledge receipt

flowers

that

Mrs. Romulo so kindly

of sent her.

Please accept warm assurances of our friendship, and our best wishes and regards for Romulo and you.r entire

ffi

yourself,

Ivlrs.

fanily.

Sinc erely,

( S G D . ) J O S EP . L A U R E L Ambassador Carlos P. Romulo M a n i l a

Its

a. l

(;{q

COPY

August 11, 19&9 My dear Ambassador RomuloI 1-

ne assurance you have given in your lettcr

9th of August that

any non-partisan

negotiations

the imrrediate and 1ong-range objectives sha1l be completely

to secure

ffi

vou have indicated

free and independent of any and what_

ever cornmitraent s or policies

so far nrade and adopted and to

be made and adopted b"v the Adrninistration holding

of the

prior

t:

the

of the Southeast C.sia Conderence, has satisfactorj.lv

set at rest

the misgivings

r^rhich certain

arabiguous face_

saving int e:rpo1l_ations in the presldentrs tructions

letter

of Ins_

aroused among the nernbers of my party,

including

nyhumble seIf. I take pleasure,

consequently,

I have been authorized Executive

you that

by unanimous vote of the National

Conmittee of the Naeionali.sta parby to accept,

in tLe name and on behalf candidate for

President

to form a non-partlsan subject,

in informing

of the party and its

of the philippines, front

your i,nvitation

in sup.oort of your objectives,

of course, to the reservations

have expressed in my previous

and principles

colrrunication

the 9th of August. 'h/e are 100king fo rward with when, inequal

official

cooperation with

I

to you, dated

some interest

to the time

the other two major poli_tical

parties,

we can nake a clean dnd uneneumbered new start in organizing an association of the South East Asian peoples

which wilf

truly

and realistically

advance and protect

their

freedom, dernocracy, and peace.

For the proper and fu1l consider it us on this

essential subject

that

conprehension of our stand, I

the entire

ccrrespondence between

be released to the press for

publication.

Very tmly

yours,

(sGD.) cLrlROM. RECT0 Ambassador CaI'l6s P. Rornulo I\Xanila

simultaneous

I 'l'ri.

.

l

+{)Ae

COPY lvlanila,

ffi$

August 9, I9l+9

liy dear Dr. Recto: T

rm

tlrrnlri

no|

\r^r1

f^'l.,

rrnrrr,

'l

aif.az.

1949 to which I now propose to reply You are perfectl-y nentary

on President

enti.tled

ne, and I dare say that qualified

from a better terate

n1u, ,6^L, ,r-D+ u

n 7 ,

briefly.

to make a critical letter

Quirino?s

d_^<+1^uA yu

com-

of instnrctions

to

no such commentary eould have cone However, I beg to rei-

source.

what I said duri ng our conference on August 5,

1949 to the effect

that

rny only concern at the moment is

to obtain the concurrence of the l-eaders of the oprosition

parties

polj-cy aj.med at the follow-

in a non-partisan

ing two objeetives: l.

The incmediate objeetive.

the countries

which is to sound out

of Southeast Asia regardi-ng the desirabllity

of a meeting in Bain:io at a time and w"ith an agenda to be deternined by comr:ronconsent among the participating states prior

to the meeting; and

2. The long-range ob.'iective. which is to forge a Southeast Asia Unionr without an act of faitf

commitments, as

in order to promot e the commonpolitieal,

econonic and cultural nature,

military

interests

of the member states,

the

scope and purpose of the Union to be decided by

the nember states

themselves.

fn our two conferences, you gave ne assurance of vour support of these two objectives. your unequivocal

Needless to say,

support of these obJectives

the minimum area of agreement absolutety enable me to proceed with this The reservations

provides

essential

to

work.

in your letter

part with matters of interpretation

deal for the most as to the scope,

nature and purpose of the proposed Union of Southeast Asia.

Since the agenda has been left

wide open, it

is obvious

I

?it*"

. l

CPRto cMR, 8/9/49, p. 2.

that

these questions shall states

cipating

non-partisan

be deterrnined by the partiThe whole philosophy

thenselves.

to the right

of the parties

more properly

partisan ft invited

policy

without

agree with ne thet

belongs to the evolution

itsel-f

ard not to its

is to the lnception

prejudice

to thresh out rnethods of

You will

approach and poticy. latter

pre-

pol-icy toward which we are striving

supposes agreement on basic principl,es

of the

the

of the non-

inceFfiion.

of such a policy

your cooperation as an act of real

that

I haye

patrlotisn

high-minded statesmanship, and I wish to thank you for extending i-t to me.

Sinc e re1y,

(sGD.) CARLOSP. ROMUr,O

Dr. Claro M. Recto Fillpinss Buil-dine Manila

and

-|F

l ' ' -

ffi

Law uill_ces M . R E C T O C L A R O

COPY

August 9 ' I9l+9

Qs,o-r-0.9i

My dear Ambassador Romulo: I have considered the proposal of non-partisan for

tupport

of a trunion of Southeast

the organization

Asi.an peoplesI which we discussed at lunch last

Letter

of the President I s

of August, in the light

the fifth

to your good self

of Instructions

your statenent understanding to certaln

Friday,

as well

as

in the press tl,e other day giving of those instructions,

your

and I have corne

conc.]-usions which vou may find

of interest.

As you know, I have always advocated a closer association

beti,ireenthe Filipinos

wl^oinhabit

tl.is region.of

Ll"e world, particularly

those lrho sha.re ou.r nationalist rations

and the other ceoples

and liberta-rian

and who need and have a- right

the fulfillment

of those legitirnate

synpathy and active

assistance

aspi-

to expect, aspirations,

of the first

Arellano

alearent indifference

in my recent addr"ess at th,e

to Asia and its

of American foreign

whether as a result for me to say --

force-

condemning the admini strati on t s

University,

calculation

the

denocratic

repr:b1ic of Asia. I expressed these convictions fu1-1y and unequivocally

for

of this

manifest mis-

oo11cy.

criticisr,r

Since then --

or not,

it

is not

our gcverrnnent has estabt.ished. or has

announced-it,s intention

to establish

consulates in InCia

Pakistan, the Indonesian R.eprrblic, and Indc-Cbina, anC a le:ation

jn Tha,i1a,nci. The f'resident

also found ccca-

sion to lropose what he at first

described as a Facific

Pact or Union and, in its

and nost oublicized

rnanifestatlon, '("^w.i-+^-^

assuned tle

. Lu L / l r r r I l t / - | t H .^J^,^l -: L- -I I+S U

f befieve distmst

latest

i

form of an a ll"iance with the '

\,OmmunaSm.

vou share with ne a profound aversion and

of such unwarranted

and extravagant

commitments

t

arrrt-

I

i"9

CMRto cpr, 8/9/49, p. z. of interference

in the internal

Our young Republic,

nation.

defense and beset with its

conflicts

lacking

economic and social

own, has neither the right

address at the University clear

that

problerns of

Thus, in your

like

you made

the premier of India,

of the peoples of Asia as a Third

anti-Conmunist,

concurrence in that

than mili_

and I imrnediaiely expressed my

vie!r.

Knowing therefore

mental agreement on what our policy ment which was reiterated

our funda_

should be, an agree_

in our last

in your press statenent have no hesitation

own

nor the povrer and resolr.rces

Force which would be non-Communist rather tantly

its

of the philippines,

you believed,

in the organization

of another

arms for

to enbe.rk upon such dubious adventures.

it

wm

h*,

conversation

and

the other day, I would ordinarily

in assuring you my sincere

cooperation

in y611" present task. lrdhenyou say in your press statenent jective

that

the ob_

of your present assiqnment, rras (you) understand trto bring the free countries of Southeast Asia

i.t, rr is into

closder association with one another in order that, by methods of cooperation and self-help, they may achieve the nost speedy and effective political,

solution

econoni.c, and cultural

thenrt, I find

problens that

myself in substantial

as to the desirabil-ity

of that

objective.

noay be needed as to what exactly

free

bountries

issino

you mean by rrthe

thei"ein the Kuonintang dictatorship Chiang ta:.-st"t;

the viet-Nan

Republic and large,

A clarifica_

of Southeast Asian; whether you wouJ-d

free and legitimate cerned,

confront

agreement with you

tion

include

to the conmon

of General_

or which you would consider the

representative

of the people con_

Empire under Bao Dao or the viet-Nan

under Ho Chih-uinh. we could arj.ve

But f do not doubt that, at a eonnon understanding

by of the

ai{a*r

I

t*

to cPR,g/g/bg, p. 3.

! erm. bihat, to my nind,

the principal

constitutes

diffi-

vour trunderstandi-ngrr , and my t?underof the proposed rrunion of Southeast Asian

is that

eulty

standing,!r

proplestr may not be the nunderstandingft of the President.

I have conre reluctantly

carefirlly differs

to this

conclusion

of Instnrctions.

studying his Letter

after

This

from our conmon [understandingrt

substantially

the proposed union, which, after

is only to be ex-

all,

pected since the views of the President known to be at variance with

ours.

course, an obvious attempt in this

of

have long been

There has been, of Letter

of Instructions

to suppress the outward evidences of di-sagreement. The Kuomintang dictator

is not mentioned by name,

is not specifically

singled

proposed union. that

certain

out as the enemy of the

But I am a.fraid you will

subtle

reservations

to

the President has

commitments to Chiang Kai-shek

not abandoned his original

evan mi-li f.rrv

agree with me

and references

ltprece<ients and antecedentstr show that

form some sti1l

Comrnunism

undefined forn intr,rvgnlian

in

of active

political

Lhe armed clesh

and

asainst,

Cornmuni sm in China a-nd Korea .

Thusr lvhile the Letter

sedulously

mention of Communi sm by nane, it as tLe objective the libertarian

avoids the

of the proposed union. aspiraiions

rrBut the great danger that

monent is the tide which threatens or others

it

Brushing aside

of the subjugated peoples of

Asia as of rninor i"mporta"nce, the l,etter cally:

defines

very clearly

of totalitarian

declares

confronts

ernphati-

us at this

subversion and eonquest

to engulf the very freedon we have won

expect to rain.

and in order to meet it

This menace is on the ascendant we must forge

stronger

bonds than

t

a

I

t*

ffi

t o c F R , 8 / g / t n g ,p . t r . 'uVhat is tbis

at present. n

exist

nascendant menacerrwhich

subversion a.nd eonquestr?, this is !@. Itgreat dangerrr?

Undoubtedly

the proposed union is tl.erefore Communist rather

QeFt*.9

Ittide of totalitarian

it

is

Comnunisn and anti-

fundamentally

than non-Comnunist as envisi-oned by Mr

Nehru and you at New De1hi. propose to fight

How does the President FIe pays lip-service, I believe,

it

Communism?

to the nethods on which,

is true,

we both agtree, saying in his Letter concerned rrcan concentrate their

countries (on) their

coordinated

ensure their

the

attention

to

development in order to

fulI

stability

that

and security

and thus contribute

to lvorld peace and advancementrt, ard ttthat in the long rlln our strongest

defense against

in providing

would lie

ment and providing

a life

higher

totalitarian

subversion

of substance and content-

living

standards among the Asian

peoples. ?r But the Presidenlrs when, in tracing rtlast Apri1, Atlantic

the inltialing

Pact in Paris, it

intention

becomes evident

the genesis of his p1an, he recal-ls that

following

ernnent that

of the North

I declared on behalf

was i.nperative

of Southeast Asia, with States,

real

that

the aetive

of our Gov-

the free

countries

support of the United

should consider at the earliest

possible

monent

the conclusion

of a paralle1

North Atlantie

Pact, as the whole world knows, is a mili-

tary

alliance

attack

safeguard for

wi.th the specific

against

any of its

eiuarantee that

safeguard for

wh.ich soaner or later

wi lt

The

an armed

menbers w"il1 be automatically

considered an armed attack against a trparallel

Asia.tt

all.

lJhat else can

dsiarmean except an all-iance becone nilitarv?

a a .

I

It

c M Rt o c P R , 8 / 9 / 4 9 , p . 5 .

Th" fatal

of sueh a paet for the Filipinos

folly

beeomes evident when it

Al.liance which was actively

North Atlantic

by

initiated

the United States of Arnerica and in which that the only power w'ith the resources to make it is the leading member, any lparallel

QffirY

the

considered that,, unlike

is

ffi

powâ&#x201A;Źr,

effectively,

rrorganlz ati on in Asia

cannot count with American rnenbership or even assistance, not onfy because the United States Secretary has already expressed his indifference

of Slate

to this

rash proJect

but princiapBlly

because the United States is already so

deeply conmitted

in Europe in both money and arms tha.t

it

cannot hope to render any effective

aid to Asia.

This has certaln)-y been made clear by the recent in the Amerl"can Senate and the difficulty

debates

which is being

experienced in securi.ng approval of the hugh program for

the rearmament of Western Europe.

The fact

worst.

of arms with aetual

is that,

Conmunisn in

any Itparallelrt

guarantees

automatieally,

ard lnevitably

nintang

that

is

China ard iiorea so tbat

i-n Asla urould irunediately, comnit the Philippines

the Conmunist attack against

regime in China and the invasion

by North Korea are attacke

the

while there is as yet no clash

Corumrnism in !{astern Europe, there

war against

the position

Nor is this

to

the Kuo-

of Sou-th Korea

against the Philip;oines

itself.

0f course the President has found occasion to nake the assurance that commitments.tt stronger

the union

But if

Itwould involve

no military

the union is intended nto forge

bonds than exist

at presentn among the countries

of Southeast Asia to neet trthe qreat dangern, the ascendant nmenaeert, of Conmunism, then it cult

to foresee tts

is not diffi-

involvement in an open conflict

with

a.a.

ffi

cm to cPR,8/9/t+9,p. 6.

I ttthe tide

of totalitarian

When we declare

QhK.t

subversion and conquest'r.

our ennity,

the consequences of that

we should be prepared for Sooner or latef,

enmity.

by

the very momentumof events, those acts of political

short

consi-der tracts

which we nay fondly

economic hostility

are gding to end in r"rar.

of war

out in two world wars.

America found this

Are we j-n the Philippines,

gether with the other nfree countries

and

to-

of Southeast Asian,

prepared to go to war with the Soviet world power, even without

the assistance

Yet that policy

of the United States of Ameriea?

seems to be the course 6or which rrthe foreign

program upon which we are embarkedr?,has been set.

The President refers

to trthe Baguio con-

specifically

versati.onsnhe had with Generlissimo Chiang Kai-shek as one of the 'rprecedents'? which bi-nd you and as one of the acts which nfal1s into

its

Nobody knows just

policy.

proper placerr in our foreign exactly

what secret comnitnents

made to Chiang Kai-shek in those conversations.

thePresident

seems to be the frunderstandingfr of the Presldent

But it

of $outh Korea, that Philippines

the President there

to an a1-l.iance that

as i^rell as indlvidually. than tbe obligation Alliance!

tt

connilted

trrm.r st fight

This is neither

colfectivefv nore nor less

of the members of the North Atlantic

Ixxrfsr

I refer,

as you know, to the joint

statenent

by the Generlissimo and i4r. Rhee at the conclusion recent portion

the

conversations of that

at Chinhai in Korea.

statement declares:

that

the menace of international

with

hurnan freedom and national

eradicated, collectively

and to combat this

issued of their

The pertinent

nWe both recognize

Communisrn,incompatible independence, must be commonthreat

as well as individually,

we must fight

lrie are strongly

of

o .t.

I

C M Rt o c P R , 8 / 9 / 4 9 , p . 7 .

It

the opinion that the countries of the Facific and e'ar Eastern countries in particularr

among these colrntries

action

tha.n elsewhere.

ffi

are faci.ng a

Communi sm today than

â&#x201A;Źirea.ter danger from international

Solidarity

any other part of the world.

in 1eneraI,

and concerted needed

is more urgently

The inherent conneeiion between lhe

al-l-iance described in the foregoing ioint statement, and the President t s original proposal in Bagu.io, fighting

enough, but to set a-I1 doubts at rest

is plaln

that

they were proceeding on the basis of the Presidentrs Baquio comnitments, the Cbinese l{ationalist and the South Korean president

explicitly

Itbased on tbe above considerations,

dictator declared that

we have arrived

at

a fu11 agreement concerning the idea of a uion as set forth

in the joint

statement issued by President

and Generalissimo Chiang liai-shek et

tl^e Ehi Iinainps-tr

B e p ' r r oi .

President fore

Quirino

on July 12, 1949,

The aoreement betl^reen our

ard Chiang Kai-sbek would seem to be there-

exactly

the same agreement arrived

at later

betr,rieen

Chiang Kai-shek and the Presi.dent of Southern Korea, an agreement for a fighting with cther nations, urityn

alli"ance which, by trsolidarityrl

is expected to strengthen the rrsec-

of the routed Kuomintang and the exposed South

Korean state.

The same joint

statement also naies expl.icit

refe-

rence to the task upon wbich you are now engaged under the President I s fnstmctions.

I,,'/eboth agreed further,t?

the Chiang-Rhee statement declared, of the Republ-ic oP the Pl"ilippines to take all

trthrt the President should be requested

the necessary steps to bring about the birth

of the proposed union.

!'or tt'is

purpose, i.,e are asking

Qh;r,-.Y

a .a.

I

f@

,o* to cPR,e/9/u9,p. B.

Q"r'-K.t

?uiri-no to convene in the immediate future

President

conference to devise concrete

at Ba,q:io a preliminary ne?.sures for

its

rr I believe,

organization.

Ambassador, that

is precisely

this

the inmediate cbjective It

which vou solicit.

my dear I'rir.

r^'hat you have termed

of the non-partisan cooperation expected

appears that bte are all

to run the errands and save the necks of Chiang Kal-shek and SyngmanRhee!

That, at least,

seens to be the and the rtunder-

r?understandingrr of the I{uomintang dictator standingu of the Soutb Korean presi.dent.

And riehtly

or wrongly,

appears to be also the

that

Iundersta.ndingtf of the new Chinese regime, whose New China lilelqs Agency cf aimed tvro days aqo rrthet d]-tr'ing the Baeuio m.eting, President

Chianq na.i-shek discussed with Phili'ppine

Quirino

a proposal to organize

?an international

, il ipinos, v o l u n t e e r c o r p s t c o r ' . p o s e do f . A , m e r i e a n s F Koreans ard' Japanese ! for people of China. r recentlv

armed intervention

o f 2 0 O ' O O 0r n e n , i n c l u d i n g

of an international

Japanese.tr It

tl-at the spectacle ofl Fitipinos shek side by side with qar

inrrq

r nJ nJ rl /. a o lE ^ ar nqcr r a r vi nr rnt o

fiehting

f 1-rrf

r

d^ v+

. nr r r a

legion

may be sranted For Chiang Kai-

Japanese is too fantastic hrrl_

the

Premier Yen llei Han

IN said Ns.tionalist

decfared the formation

a-ainst

rFor ul 6e t

to aroLr.se

r ^! /r l, 6 .s"a" a a

t,\

h6

the rfunder:standingr?of tL,e proposed pact among the new leaders of China and it

is an rtunderstandingrt which, correct

is borrnd to exercise a profoundly

or incorrect,

influ-ence in orrr future

relations

with that

unsettling

country.

Such are the i:pJ-ic'rtions and actual repercussions of the

I-residtrnttq

for

Asia'r.

nri

oinr'l

nr'^h^q!l

fnr

ll.c nnr"rl

Nor ha,s the President modified

approach to a problem of infinite

this

complexity

he imroediately continues in his Libter

lpl

cafocrlrrd

rash

,nd perio

of Instnrctions

for that

a .al. |

ffi

, c r * t o c P R , s l 9 / L n s ,p . g .

Q'iffY

rrtoday the need of pursuing pressing

and urgent.f

specifical.ly Kai-shek so far

to

in

As I have already

rrevery single

that

il,s proper

llacerr

noted,

oertinent

iirecel-ien1]s a-nd antece,lenl.s, I

to

,lr'-aP67p

natter

he refers Chiang

we have taken

act

embarked.r! And h,e

tt;., i,e d.rre accou-nt of

.gou s;lecifical,ly

f l-F c1i.rvicti on

with

is

in developin.a ?rthe

insLructs

on this

tl,ougbt

program upon which r{e are

policy

foreign

of

line

rrthe Baguio conversationsrt

and insists far ls

this

il-qt

thF

I

cannot

w i e r n r g6 f

have not changed cne whit

a..t--ithe

e:ic:-,],e - reridpnt

tf e

or tit:Le.

If

his

a d v o c r c y o f a f r p a r a i l e l ' t a - l i a n c e i s a I ' p r e c e J e n t r ra n d a n 'ianteceient" whicl. shall

bind y''u, i.f the basuio conversa.-

tions with Chiang Kai-shek with the sinister that

irnplications

the leaders of the iiuorointang and South ilorea have

seen fit

to attach to them fall

into their

rtproper

.,lacett

in 'rthe foreign poticy program upon which we are embarked", thm

we rnust conclude with a1.1 regret

that

the Fresident

does not share your trunderstanding'r of his Instmctions.

Since the President reserves tLe ri.eht of ultinate rtnn

rianieinn

that

hcqia

a rurvau c t i vn+nv r<r v

Y

any non-partisan

understanding

nf

]ri crL

cooperation

nn'1 i nrrrl

T

r.m

r Pv'-,i d

based on cur common

of the :l-egi-tinate and desirable

objectives

of any organi.zation of the peoples of Southeast Asia canrrot possibly

prosper.

You and I may be in fundamental agreement

but unless the President agreement explicitly that

ou.r efforts

will

can be persuaded to sanction

and unmistakably, dissolve

I very much fear

ard founder.

would not have come to pass had you wrltten instructions XVIII

as Talleyrand

our

This situation entirely

lrour own

did when he was sent by Louis

to the Congress of Vienna in 1811+.

O{O. f

cmnto cPR,8/9/49, p. 10.

In closing, sador, that

I wish to assure you, ny dear Mr' Bmbas-

I fu1ly

share your desire to foment a closer in order

associati-on among the peoples of Southeasthia that,

?re may secure and

through cooperation ard self-help,

maintain

freedom and peace and social

But I cannot take the Presidentrs as a satisfactory non-partisan wlth tte

cooperatlon

to your proposal untll

riguez,

Sr.,

of Instructions

Letter

end through

to reserve ny answer

and reqret

are clarifi-ed.

those lnstructions

ard our official-

i{r.

Party,

candidate for

Eulogio RodPresident

of

have read the foregoing

Dr. Jose P. Laurel,

and have expressed tl'eir

all'

and I an compelled, thereforet

of the Nacionalista

the Philippines,

for

working basi.s to achieve that

utmost reluctance

The President

iusti'ce

agreement with

the view set forth

herein.

U/ith my best personal wishes for \I u:r.v

fr.rr'l

rr

ysur success, r am

rrnrrv.q

(SGD.) CLARO M. RECTO

Ambassador Carlos P. Ronulo C/o The lllanila Hotel Manila

.}

a .I

COPY

!hni1a,

ffi

L949

August l'I,

Dear Dr. Recto: This is to acknowledge receipt

my statement i"nmy letter

and I vrish to reiterate that

the two objectives

candidate,

squarely behind

Jose i'. Laurel,

]'our presi-

It

is a tribute

bespeaks a degree of highto the political

maturity

our people when, in the midst of an electoral leaders ean put aside their

partisan

i nvolves the destiny

differences

your sup;oort of these two objectives impetus to our commontask,

free

to present

into

policy

For your valuable

given the necessary

this

initial

that

a1l

agreement i,rill- be

the franlng

and devei[opment

on the prcposed Union. cooperation

in the attainment

end I wish to express my personal a1:preciation.

Sinc ere 1y,

(scD.) Dr. Claro M. Recto Filipinas Building Mani la

which

to you, you have with

while making certain

thei-r views tin

of the Philippine

policy

to

of the r"ilr ole nation.

As stated in hy previous letter

entering

of

campaien,

gi-ve thei-r assent to an aspect of our foreign

the parties

support

dated Ausust 8, 1949 and in rny letter

to you of Asgqsl 9, 1949.

their

directorate

for which I sought non-partisan

addressed to 0r.

mindedness that

of August 9

the Naciohalista

that

has unanimously decided to place your party

dential

QslKq

consent of tl'e participating

be decided by the prior

T :m hi r"hiw c'ratifi.ed

in rnyletter

of today

scope, ard purpose of *"he Soul:heast Asia

the nature,

Union will

of your letter

cARLOsP. R014UL0

of thi-s

(b

" I

CCFY

Manila,

August IO, I9l+9

I,,'iytlea.r Senator Avelino: your letter

f acknowledge with gratitude

dated

J August 1949 in which you assure rne of your conand that

crrrence objectives

of your party

of our foreign

establishment in my letter

in the announced

policy

relative

to the

of a Southeast Asia Union as set forth to you of the same date.

Regarding the r?principlesn which are discussed in your letter

of concurrence, I would consider that

since they deal for the mbst part w'ith natters

of

nethod and approach, you or your rlpresentative be fu1ly ulation followed

entitl-ed

wilI

to present such views in the fonn-

of the appropriate Fhilipcine during the conference.

informed when the time cornes for

policy to be

You will

be duly

the desienation

of

your party representative.

May I express my appreciation support

for the prompt

you have given to our objectj.ves

your readiness to rise

above partisan

for the sake of the supreme interests our and/peop1e.

which shorl's

considerations of 6ur country

Sincerely,

(scD.) cARLosP. Rolliul,o Honorable Jose Avelino Senate of the Philippines M a n i l a

e-R"\

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