PrintMaking Journal 2021

\ printmaking\ : Printmaking is an artistic process based on the principle of transferring images from a matrix onto another surface, most often paper or fabric : monotype, dry point, woodcut, lino cut, etching, engraving, and lithography,

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PRINT MAKING

PRINT MAKING

CONCEPT & RESEARCH JOURNAL

Chong Yu Qing Feriga U1830048K

Instructor April Ng

Student Chong Yu Qing Feriga U1830048K

Printmaking Introduce the different types of printing techniques

Duration 13 Weeks

Year 2021

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Reflection Print Making was the first class that I took for elective, which is much more fun and enjoyable! I didn’t regret taking this class as I was exposed to different printing techniques to apply to my final year project. I was lucky to have Prof April by our side to guide us through these 13 weeks patiently, even though we might have screwed up some of our work and saving us along the way! But that’s ok because I got to keep the studio experience and the memories we had together and get to keep the “limited Edition” pieces that I did!

I would want to try the woodcut and linocut again because I felt that my skills weren’t reaching maximum capacity with the limited time in class. When I am stuck, I will do some research and watch youtube videos from printmakers on my own. After watching how printmakers did it, My work improved gradually after practice.

Lastly, I hope that I will have more printing with Prof April in the future!

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DRY POINT Scratched on acrylic Engraving is an intaglio printmaking process in which lines are cut into a metal plate to hold the ink. In engraving, the plate can be made of copper or zinc.

During engraving, the printmaker cuts a composition directly into the surface of a plate using a sharp tool with the wooden handle around it. *However, we tried this method on acrylic to create our masterpieces.

*With direct engraving on the plate, the finished line is not as sharp yet and it has the softer look to it.

*The artwork has good emphasis between the shadow and the light, it creates texture to it.

Francisco Goya’s ‘Los Caprichos’ Series

*It has the quality of the light and ‘aesthetic’.

Whistler and the Thames: Personal glimpses

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History Drypoint was in use by the late 15th century, and in the early 16th century, the German artist Albrecht Dürer already had a thorough command of the technique.

Its greatest master was Rembrandt van Rijn, in whose etchings drypoint became increasingly prominent.

After suffering a period of neglect in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, drypoint was revived and has been used by most modern etchers, especially by the German Expressionist Max Beckmann.

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DRY POINT We need to bear in mind that the original sketch, drawing, or even a photograph used as a reference needs to transformed onto a plate as a mirror reflection.

Concept: Heart with growing flowers

Flower References:

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Heart References:

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MONO TYPE PRINTING Painting the image A monoprint is usually a variation on a series, as there is a pattern or image on the painting surface that is limit to a one-time printing. Once the painting is on the base, it will transfer it onto the paper.

*With direct paintng on the plate, the finished is slightly soft and smooth. it might not transfer well, if the painting is not thick enough.

If you do not have access to a press, printing by hand can have its advantages.

Belinda Del Pesco

*The artwork has a good combination of colours. Its esthethically pleasing. It has a 4 colour ink rolled out onto the base. The ink are very well controlled.

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How it was invented?

Throughout history, painters have often used monotypes in their preparatory sketches. Like painting, monotype is very direct and can be spontaneous or deliberate. The immediacy and range of mark values work well with the luminosity that printmaking inks and procedures offer.

Some of the earlier monotypes were made by the Italian artist Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione who used another technique to create effects similar to chiaroscuro. Rembrandt used monotype to record an idea as soon as it struck him. Mary Cassatt, Edgar Degas and Henri Matisse are all great examples of artists expanding and experimenting with monotype techniques.

2 colour Monoprint

Different layers in Monoprint

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MONO TYPE PRINTING For mono type printing, I want to create abstract art with a heart and a greek man.

Concept: Heart & Greek man & Flowers

References: Heart painting

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References: Greek man with flowers

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RELIEF PRINTING (WOODCUT) Cutting or etching a printing surface Woodcut, the oldest technique used in fine art printmaking, is a form of relief printing. The artist’s design or drawing created on a piece of wood, and the untouched areas are then cut away with gouges, leaving the raised image and inked. Woodcut prints were produced to press the paper onto the inked image. If colour is used, separate wood blocks are required. Woodcut printing is sometimes referred to as xylography or a xylographic process.

Portrait of kurt Cobain

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*The techniques of printmaking are divided into three major processes: relief, intaglio, surface.

*The printing of woodcuts is a relatively simple process because it does not require great pressure.

Although presses are used, even hand rubbing with a wooden spoon can produce a good print.

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How it was invented?

Woodcut, which appeared in the 8th century in the East and the early 15th century in the West, is the earliest known relief-printing method. In this method, the design is first either painted directly onto the woodblock or pasted on it. Then the surface of the wood is cut away around the structure. For fine details and outlines, the knife is used; larger areas are removed with gouges. The depth of the relief depends on the design: open spaces must be cut more profound than the fine details so that the roller will not deposit ink in these areas.

Although woodcuts are meant to be in bold lines or large areas, various marks are made with gouges, chisels, or knives. Many other methods, such as scraping, scratching, and hammering, are also used to create exciting textures in contemporary woodcuts.

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RELIEF PRINTING (WOODCUT) I am inspired by different scenery that woodcut could create.

Concept: A smoker girl, Artchitecture & Scenery

References: Artchitecture art

References: Smoker girl

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References: Scenery

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LINO CUT Cutting the a sheet of linoleum Linocut is known to be linoleum cut. This printmaking process is similar to woodcut, but since linoleum lacks a grain, linocuts can yield a greater variety of effects than woodcuts. Linocut designs can be cut in large masses, engraved to give supple white lines, or worked numerous ways to achieve many different textures. The ease with which linoleum makes it admirably suited to large decorative prints, using broad areas of flat colour.

*With direct paintng on the plate, the finished is slightly soft and smooth. it might not transfer well, if the painting is not thick enough.

Belinda Del Pesco

*The artwork has a good combination of colours. Its esthethically pleasing. It has a 4 colour ink rolled out onto the base. The ink are very well controlled.

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How it was invented?

The linocut process, introduced at the beginning of the 20th century, was long disdained by many artists as not sufficiently demanding of technical skill. The artists of the Taller de Gráfica Popular, a printmaking workshop founded in Mexico City in 1937, made effective use of the linocut in their powerful graphic posters. After Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse used the technique to advantage in the 1950s, many other artists adopted it.

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LINO CUT I aim to incorporate flowers onto a human face. I was inspired by Oleksandr Balbyshev “Flower Face”. I like how the flowers are covering the face like a mask.

It shows the shyness of the character Concept: Flower man

Oleksandr Balbyshev, Flower Face No.2

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Oleksandr Balbyshev,ISSUE JOURNAL Flower Face, 2017 P. 01

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SCREEN PRINTING Transfer a design onto a substrate Silkscreen printing is a screen printing process that transfers a design onto a substrate through a fine screen or mesh. You put a shirt on a pallet, you put a screen over it, and you transfer ink through the screen onto the shirt. *Always to slot something inside the shirt/ bags or materials otherwise your design may seep through on to the back. *Couldn’t get to do silkscreen but I hope I will be given the chance to do in the future! I will come find you april:)

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How it was invented?

Silkscreen printing first began in China 1,100 years ago.

It slowly made its way through other Asian countries, eventually ending up in Europe by the end of the 1700s. The primary material for the screen, silk, was not readily available until then in European countries.

Screen printing is referred to as silk screening, silkscreen or silk screen printing. In 1941, a polyester thread was invented. Since then, screens began to produce using polyester threads as well.

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DRY POINT

01_Practice

I tried this method on the acrylic on the first try!

It gave me the confidence to do better in my final dry point artwork. The practice does not have the best outcome but I got the feel of it.

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Printing Process

01_Final

There are still many areas to be improved, but I considered it my first time trying out drypoint. It was an enjoyable experience. It turned out the way I expected it to be.

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I accidentally did the wrong method to transfer the colour paper, and it turns out quite pretty. I like how the piece was torned. It looks very abstract.

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01_Colour paper

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01_One Colour

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I have tried entirely of few colours, but for the final artwork, blue and maroon and pink has the best combination and provide depth to it.

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01_Two Colour

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MONO TYPE PRINTING

01_Progress

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01_Heart

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02_Greek Man

For the second artwork, the background turns out pretty good. However, I felt that I could do better, but I was unable to do another one due to lack of time.

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RELIEF PRINTING (WOODCUT) 01_Progress

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01_Progress

It was the first artwork that I carved.

I found out from my instructor that I did my technique wrongly. Therefore, I decided to cut a second piece.

It was challenging to create tiny details, and I feel that practice is essential in woodcut. I learn that each technique has to be in a direction and should be cross.

01_ Artchitecture

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The was the second artwork that I carve for the woodcut. I felt that the way I cut the water was not very natural and it was too harsh. It was good practice for me, and my carving speed became faster, and I under more of the technique.

02_Progress

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02_Scenery

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Prof April was very encouraging. She gave me another board to carve for the 3rd time. Previously all the pieces were not very good. I told myself that I would try my best to do a good one for this.

I felt that it could be improved at the same time. I had an enjoyable experience carving it. I took time at home to cut the rest as studio time was limited.

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03_Progress

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03_Progress

My final art piece. Along the process of printing, I did some additional carving to create better works. For example, the line of the smoke and some areas on the face to make it pop!

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03_Smoker Girl

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03_Colour

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LINO CUT

01_Progress

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01_Progress

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01_Progress_Layer2

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01_Progress_Layer2

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01_Progress_Layer2

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01_Progress_Last Layer_V1 I felt there could be more carving on the left side of the body and to remove the “circle” chin area.

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01_Progress_Last Layer_V2

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One thing that I felt while doing this project was the surprises that I had when the different layers came out after printing!

Sometimes I thought that I couldn’t control the colours. But overall, the carving was what I expected, and there is a depth between the face and the flowers!

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E N D. PRINT MAKING \ Biography \ https://www.britannica.com/topic/drypoint https://www.belindadelpesco.com/color-monotype-2.html/ http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/printmaking/woodcuts.htm https://www.britannica.com/art/printmaking/Major-techniques-of-printmaking#ref28280 https://thenoteway.com/silk-screen-printing-singapore/

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