Faisal Jamil | Magazine | Teratak Bendang :The Paddy Innovation Centre | Master in Architecture

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DECLARATION Name of Project: The Paddy Innovation Centre at Simpang Empat, Perlis Theme: Innovative Prepared by: Ahmad Faisal bin Abdul Jamil Date: 12 July 2021 Supervisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Aliyah Nur Zafirah Sanusi Coordinator: Asst. Prof. Dr. Zuraini Denan Subject: Master Design Thesis 2 (2021) Code: AAR 7520 I hereby declare that this thesis is the result of my own investigations, except where otherwise stated. I also declare that it has not been previously or concurrently submitted as a whole for any other degrees at IIUM or other institutions.

ABSTRACT The Paddy industry is considered crucial in Malaysia as its contributed about 300,500 hectares for rice production. The paddy sector in Malaysia is needed improvement in the paddy industry to achieve a selfsufficient level for rice production. Malaysia depends on import rice to meet the national requirement for food security. There are many issues related to rice production in Malaysia. Social is the most prominent subject

category

in

the

thesis,

followed

by

environment and economic issues. Other issues include lack of innovation on new paddy varieties, lack of awareness and education on the paddy industry for innovation and technology in modern farming. Therefore, for a secure future, the paddy innovation centre aims to improve the local paddy’s quality and quantity by introducing a new innovation in paddy industry and bringing the farmer community into a laboratory environment and collaborate with the researcher. At the same time, experience the edutainment from the centre. As a result, the research output is an entirely innovation centre that allows the community to learn and aware of the importance of the paddy industry and involve in collaboration for the researcher and community to gather, discuss, exchange knowledge and theoretical, & practically demonstrate innovation and technology on paddy farming. In addition, it could create awareness and engagement among farmer communities and attracts the young generation to involve and improve the paddy industry in Malaysia.

Keyword: Paddy, Innovation Centre, Living Lab, MADA paddy, Simpang Empat, Perlis

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Alhamdulillah, all glory is due to Allah, the Almighty, whose Grace and Mercies have been with me throughout the duration of my program. Although, it has been tasking, His Mercies and Blessings on me ease the herculean task of completing this design thesis.

I am deeply thankful to my supervisor, Dr. Aliyah Nur Zafirah Sanusi, who help me a lot in guiding me with her kindness and comprehensive information to ensure my work successfully complete on time. I really appreciate her commitment to give feedback and useful suggestions that lead me to improve my dissertation. The comments and feedback from my supervisor helped me to explore deeper and think from a wider perspective. The next person is my course coordinators, Asst.

Prof. Dr. Zuraini Denan, her supervision, and planning helped me to be more organized to finish this research.

Lastly, special thanks to my beloved parents for their continuous support and prayers along my journey.

Once again, we glorify Allah S.W.T. for His endless mercy on us, one of which is enabling us to successfully round off the efforts of writing and design this design thesis.

Ahmad Faisal Bin Abdul Jamil Supervisor: Dr. Aliyah Nur Zafirah Sanusi

CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION background study issues + problems aim + objectives thesis framework CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW paddy industry innovation centre research & development centre living lab digital farming agriculture robotic CHAPTER 3 : PRECEDENT AND CASE STUDY CHAPTER 4 : SITE STUDY sensory macro study micro study s.w.o.t CHAPTER 5 : DESIGN BRIEF target user potential client programs space of accommodation CHAPTER 6 : DESIGN DEVELOPMENT concept programs philosophy development CHAPTER 7 : FINAL DESIGN site planning building planning sections elevations perspectives structural innovation & services CHAPTER 8 : CONCLUSION CHAPTER 9 : REFERENCES references appendices

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01 Issues + problems aim + objectives thesis framework

ERTNEC NOITAVONNI YDDAP EHT

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

- Khazanah Research Institute

The Paddy industry in Malaysia is categorized as an essential agriculture sector industry that contributed to Malaysia’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In Q4 2017, the Agriculture sector contributed 8.2% to Malaysia Economy. In the national paddy industry, MADA is the largest contributor to the nation’s paddy production. It covers the northern area peninsular of Malaysia, which covers Perlis, Kedah, and Penang. About 38.8% of total domestic paddy production in Malaysia is contributed from MADA paddy areas.

According to Khazanah Research Institute, "Rice is an essential food in Malaysia and part of our culture. Malaysians consume the grain daily either as cooked Rice or indirectly in the form of rice flour." Rice is identified as part of the food security of Malaysia. However, Malaysia's paddy industry recorded low progress compared to the neighbourhood countries such as Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines.

Malaysia lack innovation in paddy development. For a secure future, the industry needs to be provided with the facilities to improve the paddy sector's innovation, create awareness for the public, and educate them with new agricultural technology on the paddy industry.

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- https://rice-processing.com/

According to RiceProcessing.com (2020), Malaysia's rice industry analysis shows the demand and supply in Malaysia. The average consumption of rice from Malaysian citizens is about 82.3kg per year. The total market for rice consumption is increased year by year.

Malaysia lacked about 40% rice supply to meet the national requirement

- https://www.dosm.gov.my

Paddy Innovation Centre proposes to improve the local paddy’s quality and quantity and bring the community into the laboratory environment and collaborate with the researcher while experience the edutainment from the centre with a natural setting. The centre will become a pioneer in recognizing innovation and technologies in the paddy sector and provide learning and training facilities for the farmer and community to explore innovation and technologies in agriculture, specifically in the paddy industry. The space design for the community centre is to create awareness and engagement among the local community and attract the young generation to involve and improve the paddy industry in Malaysia.

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ISSUES & PROBLEMS Social is the most prominent subject category in the thesis, followed by environment and economic issues. The social is the top category since it is the research's primary concern, and it is linked to the environment and economic issues. Social issues in the paddy industry can be divided into several main problems that lead to decreased number of people involve in paddy farming. The negative perception in a local community of high risks and low returns negatively impacted the paddy industry. Lack of interest from family members to continue the agriculture occupation and youth involvement in the agriculture sector due to negative perception in community of high risks and low returns (Berita Harian News, August 2019).

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In addition, according to Malay Mail News and Malaysia’s

The factor influencing the paddy farmers to sell their

Agrofood Policy (NAP 2011-2020), low income for paddy

paddy land was the higher offer from developers for the

farmer would cause they stay in B40 group which is the most

paddy’s land and the lost interest in the community

insufficient group income in Malaysia. These factors may cause the paddy industry is becoming an unpopular

towards paddy farming. Supported by Berita Harian News (2021), within ten years, in Kedah, 35,000-hectare paddy’s

occupation in the youth generation. Furthermore, the farmer in the paddy sector continues to decline over the years and is

land has been converted to other developments. The Paddy industry lost about 350,000 tons, equivalent to

dominated by the old generation of more than 50 years old.

According to Buku Perangkaan MADA (2016), the average

RM320 million paddy per year. In addition, farmers tend to sell their paddy’s land because their field has various

age of Paddy farmers in MADA areas is 60.2 years old. Only

risks and is less profitable. The economic issue can

1% of farmers are below 30 years old. Environment issues could be seen in the northern area of Malaysia, including the

significantly affect the low production of rice due to the low quality and quantity of paddy varieties. Many factors

state of Penang, Kedah and Perlis. Decrease the number of

cause slow progress in research and development for the

green areas for paddy’s plantation due to uncontrolled

paddy industry. According to Khazanah Research

infrastructure development such as commercial and residential areas.

Institute, Malaysia is still lagging in producing new rice varieties compared to other rice-producing countries.

THE PADDY INNOVATION CENTRE

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Lack of interest from family members to continue the agriculture occupation from family background specifically on paddy industry due to low income.

Farmer / Worker in the agricultural sector continues to decline over the years. Out of 31.8 million Malaysians,

- Berita Harian News, August 2019

- Malay Mail News and Malaysia’s Agrofood Policy (NAP 2011-2020

around 44 per cent are youths.

SOCIAL ISSUES

Lack of youth involvement in agriculture sector due to

Average age of Paddy farmer in MADA areas is 60.2 years old. Only 1% farmers age below than 30 years old.

negative perception in community of high risks and low returns.

- Malay Mail News and Malaysia’s Agrofood Policy (NAP 2011-2020

- Khazanah Research Institute

- Khazanah Research Institute

-Buku Perangkaan MADA, Tahun 2016

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Decrease number of green areas for paddy’s plantation due to uncontrolled development of infrastructure such as commercial and residential areas.

Penyakit Karah(Pyricularia oryzae) & Reput tangkai (Pyricularia oryzae) occurred because of unauthorized paddy seeds used by the farmers, Farmers do not aware on the

-Berita Harian News, August 2019

harmful effect of using unauthorized paddy seeds which is not from a legal source.

-Sinar Harian News, February 2020

ENVIRONMENT ISSUES

Farmers tend to sell their paddy’s land because their field has various risks and is less profitable.

-Higher offer from developer to buy the paddy’s land from the farmer -Increasing number of housing and commercial areas.

-Berita Harian News, February 2021

-Berita Harian News, August 2019

Within 10 years, in Kedah, 35,000 hectare paddy’s land has been converted to other developments. Paddy industry lost about 350,000 tonnes equivalent to RM320 million of paddy per year.

-Berita Harian News, February 2021

-Berita Harian News, February 2021

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Malaysia is still lagging behind in the production of new rice

“The production of a new rice variety takes between 10 to 12

varieties compared to other rice producing countries. Lack of

years. Therefore, its production dependence should not lie

research and development facilities from private and universities sector.

with the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institution (MARDI).”

-Khazanah Research Institute

-Dr. Sarena (Berita Harian online, April 2019)

ECONOMY ISSUES

The participation of breeders from the private sector and universities should be encouraged to help speed up the

Low production of rice due to low quality and quantity of paddy varieties and rely import rice to achieve self

production process of new varieties"

sufficient level of rice for Malaysia.

-Dr. Sarena (Berita Harian online, April 2019)

- Khazanah Research Institute

- Khazanah Research Institute

- Khazanah Research Institute

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The paddy production in Malaysia still lacks behind

Malaysia is needed to increase the number of paddy varieties

compared to other ASEAN countries such as Thailand,

to ensure the paddy industry can produce good quality and

Vietnam, Indonesia and others. According to Khazanah

quantity of rice. As mentioned by Dr. Serena from Khazanah

Research Institute, the production of paddy or rice in Malaysia has not achieved Self Sufficient Level, which is

Research Institute, the research and development are lacking in identifying the paddy varieties that only depend on the

recorded at 70% only. Malaysia relies on importing rice from other countries to supply the rice for the state and meet the

Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institution (MARDI) only and no involvement from the

national requirement for food security.

private and university sectors. Moreover, the process of producing a new paddy variety required 10-12 years duration.

Next, some of our community, especially local paddy farmers, are deceived into selling their land because of developers' good offers. The increasing number of infrastructure development replaces the paddy areas may cause a decreasing number of green or agricultural areas.

- Khazanah Research Institute

Furthermore, the loss of interest from family members and As referred to in the figure above, Thailand and Vietnam

youth generation due to low income is why there is a lack of improvement for paddy production in Malaysia. (Malay Mail

dominate the rice industry in Southeast Asia and are considered export countries for the rice industry. Some many

News and Malaysia’s Agrofood Policy, NAP 2011-2020).

To overcome these problems, good facilities are required to

issues and problems need to be solved to improve the paddy industry in Malaysia. The issues included such as Economy issues, Environment issues and Social issues.

collaborate between the researcher and community to improve the paddy industry in Malaysia.

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AIM & OBJECTIVE The idea of the paddy innovation centre is to propose a design for education and innovation on modern paddy research and development that provide advanced facilities and technologies and the space design that allow public engagement, learning and training for future paddy development.

QUESTIONS What is the architectural solution to increase the paddy quality and quantity for paddy production?

What are the potential innovation could be implemented in paddy industry?

What is the initiative to attract and promote the community towards paddy industry?

OBJECTIVES To enhance the quality and quantity of paddy production in Malaysia.

To promote the innovation in paddy industry and encourage the farmers and community into new technologies.

To create awareness to community on how important paddy industry.

SOLUTIONS To propose a living lab for paddy research and development centre.

To propose a space design for education, training and learning area for the researcher, farmer and community.

To propose a facilities for edutainment and community engagement.

The proposed thesis solution will allow the paddy industry to step up into a new era in the paddy industry in Malaysia. The idea is to ensure the paddy industry remains relevant in the community.

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SOCIAL PRESERVATION Proposed a space design and facilities for edutainment and public engagement areas to attract the local community and young generations to explore and appreciate the agriculture sector ENVIRONMENT PRESERVATION Proposed edutainment spaces to create awareness and introduce a new innovation and technology in paddy’s industry and provide learning and training services for the local community ECONOMY PRESERVATION Proposed a paddy innovation centre on paddy sector to improve the quality and quantity of paddy production and introduce a new variety of rice based product for commercialization

WHAT?

The Paddy Innovation Centre at Simpang Empat, Perlis.

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WHY?

To propose a design for innovation centre that provide advance facilities and technologies and the space design that allow community and researcher engagement, learning and training for future paddy development

WHO?

Farmers, Researcher, Tourist, Local Communities: Young, Adult, Elderly

WHERE?

MADA Paddy areas located in Simpang Empat, Perlis

HOW?

Propose a living lab for paddy research and development centre and facilities for public engagement, edutainment, learning and training centre.

FRAMEWORK

The core issue of the conventional paddy industry leads to less interest among community to get involved in agriculture, specifically the paddy sector. There is a lot of cause or reasons which led to this problem. Financial issues are one of

The last cause is due to lack of research and development for our paddy industry. There are small numbers of the private sector and universities involved in developing a new paddy variety for our national paddy industry. Currently, only

the key reasons youngsters do not have an interest in continuing in the paddy industry. The low income and high risk are part of the problems that they are not ready to face, which at the same time receive negative perception from the community. According to MADA (2018), only 1% of paddy farmers age below 30 years old register with the MADA paddy farmer community. The paddy sector currently dominated by an old community which range age between 50 to 70 years old.

MARDI developed the paddy variety which the progress is slower than in our neighbouring countries such as Thailand and Vietnam.

The effects can be seen in the social community where the farmer lost interest and youth involvement is very low in the paddy sector. In the future, it will cause a loss of culture and identity in the social community. The paddy plantation area can also be seen as been converted into a commercial and residential area. Malaysia had to rely on import rice to meet national food demand and achieve the self-sufficient level for rice production. Lack of innovation in paddy variety and technologies may cause the paddy industry's low quantity and quality.

Thus, the paddy community families tend to sell their paddy land to the developer because no youth want to continue the occupation as a farmer. In addition, the developer willing to pay a higher price for the paddy land.

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The modern paddy industry in Malaysia could be achieved

Social

by implementing new innovation and technologies in the

The social community could have a better perception towards

paddy sector. The objective of the thesis is to solve the core

paddy industry in Malaysia. The youth generation would feel

and sub-issues in the paddy sector. The building consisted of three main space designs, which are education, awareness

secure with their future to further in farming occupation and help improving the paddy industry.

and innovation. The education and awareness space design could allow the information and knowledge to be delivered to the community successfully. The program could help increase youth involvement and appreciate the paddy sector

Environment Other than that, the family members will have a better option

in Malaysia. The overall ideas would strengthen the culture of the paddy industry in Malaysia.

rather than sell the paddy land for the development. The members in the family will have spirit to continue their legacy in paddy sector. Thus, it could help in saving green

The innovation space design will allow the interaction

environment in Malaysia.

between the public and researcher to exchange knowledge and introduce innovation and technologies in paddy farming.

The idea is to produce a better outcome and improving the resources in paddy innovation. Thus, the paddy industry could be elevated into a new successful era that could achieve

Economy By providing the innovation spaces, the paddy innovation and technology could be introduce to the community. Thus, it

the sufficient self-level for paddy production and strengthen the socio-culture in Malaysia.

could help in improving the performance in farming and gaining the paddy production in Malaysia.

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02 paddy industry innovation centre research & development centre living lab digital farming agriculture robotic

ERTNEC NOITAVONNI YDDAP EHT

LITERATURE REVIEW

PADDY INDUSTRY Paddy is a major crop in Malaysia, and it is critical to the country's food security. Aside from that, the data shows that Malaysia's paddy business has earned consistent revenue for the country. Due to its strategic importance as the country's staple food, the Malaysian paddy and rice business receives a lot of attention and is heavily emphasized by the government.

Kasim et at., 2018, mentioned that paddy is regarded as Malaysia's most significant crop in the food subsector. Rice is the bulk of the population's basic meal. Malaysian adults consumed 2.5 plates of white rice per day on average. It shows Malaysian consumes a lot of rice per year. Malaysians eat 80 kg of rice per person per day, accounting for around 26% of total daily calorie intake and costing an average of RM44 per household per month (Khazanah Research Institute). However, the paddy industry needs a drastic move to remain relevant in the culture of Malaysia. According to BUKU Perangkaan MADA (2016), the average age of Paddy farmers in MADA areas is 60.2 years old. Only 1% of farmers are below 30 years old. The data shows the youth involvement in the paddy industry is very low, below 1%.

Thus, it may affect the paddy industry in the future, which there will be no future generation to continue the paddy industry.

Many factors lead to a decreasing number of youth involvement in the paddy industry. According to Zaim Fahmi et at. (2013), the farming community in Malaysia, particularly rice growers, has numerous obstacles. The rice farming industry is dealing with a significant issue: young outmigration. The small number of youth involved is because youth have a distinct advantage in production, age, and education. The youth generation found a lot of potentials to be developed rather than become paddy farmers. Other than that, the conventional method used in paddy farming led to the lost interest of youth in the paddy industry. The system should be changed to ensure the productivity of rice production could be increased and sustain the culture of paddy farming in Malaysia.

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Source: www.pagarmuseh.blogspot.com/

TRADITIONAL METHOD The traditional equipment for paddy cultivation in Malaysia is for small-scale cultivation or personal use, where this equipment is usually suitable for cultivating small paddy fields. The equipment used also varies according to the stages of paddy cultivation until the paddy is ready to be used for cooking and is called rice (myrokan, 2015).

Source: www.pagarmuseh.blogspot.com/

CURENT METHOD Paddy farming in Malaysia currently used machinery equipment which manually controls by the farmer.

According to animhosnan (2011), Mechanized rice farming technology has been used in developed countries for a long time, such as the United States, Japan, Australia, Taiwan, and China, where some machines are used in some rice growing tasks.

In developed countries nowadays, they have moved into smart farming technology where it involves digital and precision farming technology. Autonomous machinery technologies are used in farming where the computer generally controls it to do the farming task. The implementation of smart farming in Malaysia could bring a new structure to the paddy industry. In addition, technology is a synonym for the youth generation. Thus, it could attract the youth generation to get involved in the paddy industry.

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INNOVATION CENTRE The innovation centre is a space design to introduce innovation and a space design for a researcher to develop innovation and technology. According to IGI Global, an innovation centre is where any organization can set up maker spaces, either labs or spaces for makers on their grounds. An innovation centre is frequently used by businesses to show off their ideas or new goods to employees, investors, or even customers. Supported by steelcase.com, A cross-functional design that creates a safe place for fresh ideas is known as an Innovation Center. It's a location that supports a culture of innovation via creating, sharing, and testing ideas, with chances for individual and group collaboration across time zones and

Source: https://newcampusdynamics.com/

countries. Thus, it can be seen the idea of the innovation centre is to promote innovation and technology for the

Permanent infrastructure for generating new ideas, such as an Innovation Hub, can lead to sustaining and

local community.

breakthrough inventions (newcampusdynamics). The

The paddy innovation centre allows the community and

figure above shows how the innovation and change cycle involves engaging people, sharing learning, and working

researchers to get involved in making innovation and technology. The space design encouraged the public and researcher to exchange knowledge and have a good

together to turn innovation into action. Thus, the paddy innovation centre intends to bring a new fresh idea on innovation that the paddy industry could use; it could

healthy discussion. The latest innovation could be displayed and promoted in modern paddy farming.

attract the youth generation to take part in developing the paddy industry.

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RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CENTRE The research and development centre facilities are

The Agricultural Research and Development could help

important to innovate an innovation on the agriculture sector and others. According to Will Kenton (2020), Research and Development (R&D) are defined as activities that companies carried out to innovate and

the economic growth of the country and the local community surrounding. The innovation and technology in the agricultural sector could increase the efficiency of agriculture production. Bahare (2015) mentioned that

introduce new products and services. The research and development process is considered the first stage in the development process. The research and development process could give beneficial output for the researcher to identify the issue and introduce innovations and technologies for the use of the community.

Agricultural Research and Development encompasses an extremely broad range of activities and potential innovations. R&D efficiency increases and leads to potential creation in increasing of agriculture products and reduces pressure on natural resources.

Every country in the world has its research and development centre. The country that manages to have good management in R&D will get the advantage in recognizing innovation and technologies in farming.

Supported by Will Kenton (2020), the term R&D is widely linked to innovation both in the corporate and government world or the public and private sectors.

Research and Development allows a company to stay ahead of its competition. Thus, they could become a pioneer in innovation and technology.

The space facilities for agricultural Research & Development are essential for the researcher and community to gather, discuss, exchange knowledge, and introduce innovation and technology in the agriculture sector. Agriculture knowledge must present in the form of R&D plan then flow in production function in its technically form; thus, agriculture needs deep Research to create progressions (Bahare, 2015). Thus. It can be identified the space design for Research and Development is important to improve the paddy industry in Malaysia.

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LIVING LAB Living labs are defined as "user-centred, open innovation ecosystems based on a systematic user co-creation approach in public-private–people partnerships, integrating research and innovation processes in real-life communities and settings" (ENOLL, 2013). It can be identified that Living Labs allow the collaboration between the researcher and community to improve the research and development. Living labs are presented as a framework for studying and acting in living settings such as organizations, workplaces, public spaces, and the wider environment and suggested as promising infrastructures for developing innovation. (Allen Higgins and Stefan Klein, 2011).

According to kris steen & ellen van bueren (2017), the characteristic of Living Lab could be classified into four subs: Goal, Activities, Participants and Context. Living labs are usually organized around the development of a particular innovation focused on solving a particular problem.

- kris steen & ellen van bueren (2017)

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According to Allen Higgins and Stefan Klein (2011), as the numbers of users and organizations involved expanded to larger social entities, such as local or regional communities, they became more open-ended as more stakeholders became involved.

- Khazanah Research Institute It is thus important to distinguish between those who are centrally involved as users, developers, or beneficiaries and those who show interest but are peripheral to the innovation. The local farmers and researchers could become a central actor in this case as closely related to the paddy industry. The experimental setting also encourages a critical attitude and the search for creative solutions.

Moreover, the Living Lab itself can give a symbolic meaning to the process of facilitating broader collective action.

There are significant differences between conventional lab and living lab environments.

- Allen Higgins and Stefan Klein (2011),

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DIGITAL FARMING Malaysia looks towards Industry 4.0 to boost productivity growth, with priority initially given to the manufacturing sector, with plans to extend it to other sectors. These enabling technologies bring a new dimension to the industrial environment, resulting in a dramatic increase in industrial productivity.

GREATER EFFICIENCIES Changing the traditional manufacturing system relationships among suppliers, producers and customers, and between humans and machines.

The combination of smart farming and precision farming is defined as a digital farming platform using innovation and technologies in the agriculture sector. Modern technology could help the farmer to ease their job and increase the production of the harvesting crops. McKinsey & Company define Precision agriculture as: “a technology-enabled approach to farming management that observes, measures, and analyzes the needs of individual fields and crops”. Smart farming involves not just individual machines but all farm operations. Farmers can use mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets to access real-time data about the condition of soil and plants, terrain, climate, weather, resource usage, human resources, funding, etc. Digital farming is integrating both concepts, precision farming and smart farming, according to a paper on Digital Agriculture by DLG (German Agricultural Society).

INTEGRATION & AUTOMATION The manufacturing systems would become fully integrated and automated due to digital adoption that will transform the industrial environment.

SELF ADAPTATION TO CHANGES The environment will become unified by the connected systems that enable interactions within and between systems to allow self-configuration, failure prediction, and adaptation to changes.

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AGRICULTURE ROBOTIC The smart farming system is closely related to the

WEED CONTROL & TARGETED SRAYING

agricultural robotic system, consisting of weed control and

ROBOT

targeted spraying robots, field scouting and data collection robots, and harvesting robots. Redmond (2018) mentioned that Agricultural robotics is a promising solution for digital

The weed control and targeted spraying machine could help detect and locate the crop position in the farming. It is also able to recognize and locate the position of the crop

farming and for handling the problems of workforce

accurately.

shortage and declining profitability.

FIELD SCOUTING & DATA COLLECTION From the research, the robots also could monitor and collect the data in detailed information about their farms.

The precision data of agriculture could help farming

ROBOT "Development of scouting robots for data collection and modern farming incorporates extensive use of advanced

become more efficient and increase the production of the

sensors for precision agriculture to generate valuable

crops. The autonomous machine of agriculture could be implemented to monitor and replace the man works, which required a lot of energy on the farm. Robotic

results while performing automatic and accurate navigation control, manipulator control, obstacle avoidance, and three-dimensional environment

technologies could encourage the young generation to get involved with the agriculture sector. The study found that

reconstructions." (Redmond, 2018)

the number of youth familiar with the computer system is

HARVESTING ROBOT

the highest in the world. Thus, it has no problem for the youth generation to get involved in these modern

The use of a robotic harvesting system could increase efficiency and reducing the workload for the farmers. The

technologies.

autonomous harvesting machine could be easily controlled and monitored by the farming system.

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03 precedent studies case studies

ERTNEC NOITAVONNI YDDAP EHT

PRECEDENT & CASE STUDY

ASA LANNA CENTER, CHIANG MAI Architect: Somdoon Architect

Program

Location: Chotana Rd., Chiang Mai, Thailand

The program of the building mainly

Year: 2016 Total Area: 800m2

for local community to experience the nature.

This project for local community centre took place in

Planning Maximize the user experience by

Chiang Mai, Thailand. The image of rice field with a

providing a space relationship between upper floor and

simple Lanna-style pavilion is created on the rooftop of the

lower ground, lower

building. While the room requirements such as office,

ground mainly for office, library and working room.

library and multi-purpose room were tugged.

The main entrance is on the side lane and carved into the

Form The building form made up of different level created a

landform building creating the quiet entrance space away

rhythm from the frontage to the rear part.

from the highway. When entering to the center of the building, you will find a courtyard that connecting the ground floor and the roof space. The Pavilion which is the focal point of the building can also be seen through the

User The building occupied with the community, researcher, tourist and visitors

courtyard to ensure the sense of unity.

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LAMAN PADI, LANGKAWI Location: Jalan Chenang, Langkawi

Program

Year: 1998

Heritage Gallery

Laman Padi Langkawi, or Rice Garden Museum, is a

Paddy Farming Herb Garden

popular ecotourism attraction at Cenang Beach where visitors can learn about rice cultivation in a rustic, natural

Rice Garden Spa

setting. There are also hand-activities where the visitors

Restaurant

could experience the paddy farming in the natural setting provided in Laman Padi. The museum conducts regular

Planning

programmes to allow visitors to participate in these activities as part of LADA’s eco-tourism promotions.

Maximize the user experience by providing a space relationship in village environment surrounding by paddy fields.

Laman Padi is a product tourism developed for displaying

Users could experience and learn

culture and civilization Malay community in activities Paddy plantation. Paddy Field is ready built and operational in 1998 and developed by the Board Langkawi Development (LADA). This area covers 14.28

about rice cultivation in a rustic, natural setting.

acres covers an extensive agricultural area 8.60 acres with the concept of nature natural village.

Malaysia building with a pitch roof style.

Form The building form maintained the vernacular style of

User The building occupied with the community, tourist and visitors

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JORDAN RESEARCH CENTER Architect: ZGF Architect

Program

Location: Fresno, CA

Research and development on the agriculture sector and

Year: 2016

discover a new innovation and technology in farming.

The new Jordan Agricultural Research Center at Fresno

Planning

State fosters collaboration between some of the brightest

Maximize the user experience by providing a linear lane at

minds

and

the centre of the building from the 1st floor up to 3rd floor.

mathematics. The 30,000-square-foot facility (2703 E.

Each of the rooms is facing towards outside and fully

Barstow Ave.) was completed and opened to the public on May 13, 2016, reinventing Fresno State as a leading research institution for decades to come.

utilize the daylight.

in

agriculture,

engineering,

science

Form The building form is simple and made up of steel

The three-story steel concentrically braced frame structure is a state-of-the-art research facility located on the campus of California State University, Fresno. The building will

structure, cuboid in form.

be used by the College of Science and Mathematics, Lyles College of Engineering and the Jordan College of

The building occupied with the researcher, community, students, and farmers.

User

Agricultural Sciences and Technology.

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Portico Covered area at entrance to the research center.

Lobby Grand entrance to the three-story, 30,000 square foot state of the art research center.

Conference/Training Room Provides meeting space for industry, faculty and students.

Sensory Evaluation, Tasting and Prep Allows scientists and panelists the ability to develop sensors and evaluate food and wine traits in a controlled environment.

Lounge/Interaction Space for faculty, students, industry and the community to gather.

Water Modeling/Visualization Enables engineers and scientists to work on computational models, big data, and scientific visualization.

Instrument/Robotics Allows scientists to develop and test next-generation sensors for real world applications.

Flex Modules Space available for specific needs not already identified.

Environmental Air and Water Quality Provides a basis for testing and developing data in support of various projects on water and air quality.

Interaction Faculty, students and industry interaction and collaboration.

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Bioenergy Systems Supports the development and implementation of green energy systems, from biomass production to efficiency of conversation to energy.

Flex Modules Space available for specific needs not already identified.

Interaction Faculty, students and industry interaction and collaboration.

Genomics Provides core instrumentation for state-of-the-art biotechnology tools in support of research projects.

Flex Modules Microbiology Space available for specific needs not already identified.

Supports a variety of research on important microorganisms in food processing and wine production.

Plant Physiology Entomology Supports research in abiotic stress to establish the carbon Enables researchers to maintain and study important colonies footprint for different crops and the development and of insect pests and potentially beneficial insects for developing management of herbicide resistance in weed species. critical control and integrated pest management strategies.

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SPIRALAB, CHIBA, JAPAN Architect: Kino Architect

Window to Wall Ratio

Location: Chiba, Japan

Window area or window-to-wall ratio (WWR) is an important variable affecting energy performance in a building. Window area will have impacts on the

Year: 2009 This building is a new chemical research laboratory for a world leading materials development corporation. It is on

building's heating, cooling, and lighting, as well as

a large site in an industrial area near Tokyo bay. “Research

daylight, ventilation and views. The window-to-wall ratio is the measure of the percentage area determined by dividing the building's total glazed area by its exterior

relating it to the natural environment in terms of access to

efficiency” by using flexible experimental rooms where researchers can adjust their research space according to

envelope wall area.

their needs. To the requests for “high security” and “comfort” we responded with high-security, and highcomfort offices and break areas throughout the entire

Lattice Structure By adopting a plan with a common corridor, the clients

building.

can freely select doorways and move partitions in the experimental rooms according to their needs. The

Flexible Laboratory

security door is easily adjustable due to the linear shape of the plan and the separation of guest and researcher

By adopting a plan with a common corridor, the clients can freely select doorways and move partitions in the

entrances.

experimental rooms according to their needs. The security door is easily adjustable due to the linear shape of the plan and the separation of guest and researcher entrances.

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04 sensory macro study micro study s.w.o.t

ERTNEC NOITAVONNI YDDAP EHT

SITE STUDY

SITE STUDY Authority

Strategic location of Simpat Empat, located at the centre of

Kangar Municipal Council

MADA paddy areas which covered the total area of

Location Simpang Empat Town, Perlis

20073 hectare for paddy plantation in Perlis.

(Lot 2889. 2942, and 8521) Coordinates 6°20'43.5"N 100°11'28.3"E Total Area 8.32 acre Land Zoning Uncultivated land

Perlis is the smallest state in Malaysia. It lies at the northern part of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and has the Satun and Songkhla Provinces of Thailand on its northern border. The state of Kedah borders it to the south.

Main agricultural activities consisted of the paddy industry, a good opportunity to promote agro-tourism in Perlis. It could help in increasing the economy of state and local communities. Simpang Empat or known as Simpang Ampat is a small town located in Perlis, Malaysia. 14 km from Kangar town and 11.5 km from Kuala Perlis town.

-NCER

-NCER

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SENSORY SUNPATH AND SHADOW CAST Synthesis Building orientation should facing towards north and south directions Less openings on east and west elevation of the building Natural barriers could become alternative to reduce the direct sunlight Monitor the sun angle for solar panel installation

MAX, MIN AND AVERAGE TEMPERATURE Synthesis Use passive design strategies to respond to the climate to achieve a sufficient thermal comfort Reduce the use of active system to avoid environmental effect lead to global warming AVERAGE RAINFALL Synthesis Implement the rainwater harvesting system to the proposed building project Drainage should be in good condition to avoid flash flood at the proposed site

WIND ROSE AND SPEED Synthesis Should provide more opening on north east and south west direction to cater the wind flow Implement the passive design strategies such as cross ventilation and stack effect in the building 40

MACRO STUDY

Macro: Perlis (Zoning) Synthesis The proposed site is strategic to attract people and tourist as its located in town area

Macro: Arrival Method (Inter-State) Synthesis The proposed site could provide accommodation facilities for visitors to stay overnight

Macro: Arrival Method (Getaway) Synthesis The proposed site is strategic to attract people and tourist as its located in town area

The site has potential to be

The site has potential to be

developed to increase the economy for local community

developed to increase the economy for local community

Macro: Arrival Method (Public Transport)

Macro: LANDMARK Synthesis Terminal Station: Could increase the number of tourist and visitors from outside of the state Tourism Area: Could add part of tourism linkage, Promote the Agro Tourism Famous Spot :Promote and improve the site to be part of nodes Increase the local economy

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Synthesis Could increase the visitor and tourist flow to the proposed site with a public transportation system

MICRO STUDY

Micro: Site Zoning

Micro: Circulation

Micro: Landmark and Nodes

Synthesis Site has potential to attract local community to be part in the building project

Synthesis Potential to propose a service lane at secondary road to avoid traffic congestion at the frontage.

Synthesis Improve the existing facilities to support the proposed building as part of agro tourism

The site could benefit the existing

Propose a proper entrance and

facilities provided

pedestrian walk away linked to the nearest public transport facilities.

Existing facilities could support the proposed living lab and community center

Could commercialize the agriculture product widely

Micro: Natural Features

Micro: Man-made Features

Synthesis Could propose the green spaces/pocket at the proposed site to blend with the surrounding nature

Synthesis Improve and maintain the facilities to attract community and tourist to the site

Take advantage of existing trees at the proposed site as natural barriers

Linked the public facilities with the proposed site

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SITE SELECTION CRITERIA

According to North Corridor Economic Region (NCER), the Simpang Empat area in the state of Perlis is categorised as Zone 4 which is under Perlis National Food Security Zone.

Under the Northern Corridor Economic Region Strategic Development Plan (2021-2025), four key Development Zones have been identified in Perlis based on each location's resources, population concentration, and economic potential. The vital Development Zones consisted of Perlis-Kedah-Thailand Strategic Border Zone, Perlis-Satun-Langkawi Biodiversity Zone, Kuala Perlis-Kangar-Kota Raja Growth Corridor, and Perlis National Food Security Zone.

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S.W.O,T

Based on the S.W.O.T analysis, it can be concluded that the proposed site is suitable for the development of a paddy innovation centre as its located in a strategic location. The site has a huge potential to be developed as a hub for paddy development in Perlis as its located at the centre of MADA paddy areas and next to the MADA Jaya Diri building. The proposed site has a good opportunity to be raised with good networking, zoning, context, and response to the microclimate. It could be part of the agro-tourism in Perlis.

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05 target user potential client programs space of accommodation

ERTNEC NOITAVONNI YDDAP EHT

DESIGN BRIEF

DESIGN BRIEF Paddy Innovation Centre proposes improving the local paddy's quality and quantity by introducing an innovation in the paddy industry, bringing the farmer community into a laboratory environment, and collaborating with the researcher. At the same time, experience the edutainment from the centre.

The centre will become a pioneer in recognizing innovation and technologies in the paddy sector and providing learning and training facilities for the farmer and community to explore innovations and technologies in agriculture, specifically in the paddy industry. The space design creates awareness and engagement among farmer communities and attracts the young generation to involve and improve the paddy industry in Malaysia. The implementation of agro-tourism is part of the thesis intention to promote the paddy industry and improve the state and local economy.

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TARGET USER RESEARCHER The agriculture researchers specialized in developing a new paddy varieties and rice based product. The engineer researcher could analyze a new potential innovation and technologies in paddy farming.

LOCAL PADDY FARMER The contribution from farmers also important in Research and Development on agricultural sector. The researchers and farmers could have a good collaboration in the living lab.

ADULTS Exploring the paddy development in Malaysia. The programs in the building will lead the community to aware on the important of paddy’s sector. Could help the parents in educate the children on new innovation and technologies.

UNIVERSITY STUDENTS Exploring the Paddy Living Labs. Could introduced the university students in research on agriculture, smart and precision farming . They learn about innovation and technologies, potential careers and agriculture market.

SCHOOL STUDENTS Exploring the activities in the centre. Introduced the students with the important of paddy sector in Malaysia. Students learn how the paddy been produced, the technologies used and varieties the products produced.

TOURIST Exploring the local communities paddy’s production. The history of paddy’s plantation, the impact of agriculture sector, and experience the paddy’s innovation and technologies. Could explore the gallery and natural environment of paddy field

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POTENTIAL CLIENTS

Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA)

Perlis State Department Agriculture MADA is the largest contributor to the nation’s paddy production where its cover the northern area peninsular of Malaysia.

-No R&D building yet -Need a place for practically demonstrate According to Perlis Local Plan 2035, Perlis planned to have their own branding on rice’s product in the future. Thus, its required a place where the research and development centre for state’s paddy development and commercialization.

Objectives: The center serves to provide basic facilities, maintain and enhance its role as a center of excellence for rice research and innovation Focus on the research and development for better quality paddy varieties To become a place for paddy’s seeds production and a consulting center for innovation Establishing technology development, transfer and commercialization centers

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PROGRAMS EDUCATION: SMART FARMING The implementation of a smart farming program is to enhanced the paddy farming system used in Malaysia.

Smart farming consisted of innovations and technology in the farming system. Digital and precision farming could help paddy farming been done faster than the conventional method. Thus, it could attract the young generation and elevate the paddy industry in Malaysia.

AWARENESS: EXHIBITION / GALLERY The awareness program consisted of a heritage and innovation gallery. The public will experience the heritage gallery, natural setting, exhibition area and cultural activities as part of the awareness program. The edutainment space consisted of an innovation gallery, demonstration area, digital zone and observation area for the smart farming system.

INNOVATION: LIVING LAB Implementing a living lab in an innovation program allows the community and researcher to exchange knowledge and discuss in the centre. Public involvement could help the researcher to develop the idea of innovation and technology on paddy farming. The living lab consisted of a laboratory, group pods, exhibition spaces, seminar room, conference room and discussion areas.

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SPACE OF ACCOMODATION

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06 concept programs philosophy development

ERTNEC NOITAVONNI YDDAP EHT

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

CONCEPT

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PROGRAMS

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PHILOSOPHY

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DEVELOPMENT

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07 site planning building planning sections elevations perspectives structural innovation & services

ERTNEC NOITAVONNI YDDAP EHT

FINAL DESIGN

SITE PLANNING

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BUILDING PLANNING The Ground Floor plan is the most activities area in the proposed building. The floor area consisted of 4 different zones: reception and commercial, innovation gallery, living gallery, and living lab zones. There are also an open plaza and dangau zones where the public could easily access and experience the paddy natural setting within the proposed site.

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BUILDING PLANNING

The main entrance and reception area go through the first-floor plan where the lobby and waiting areas are located. On the innovation gallery, the user will experience the 360 digital tunnels. There is also a viewing deck for the public to see the outdoor demonstration area. The observation area is located at the living gallery, where the public could see the flow of rice production. For the living lab, the first-floor plan mainly for group pods consisted of indoor and outdoor areas.

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SECTION & ELEVATION ELEVATIONS & SECTIONS

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ELEVATIONS

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E LEERVSAPTEI C P OTNI V S E&S S&E S CET C I OT N I OSN S

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PESPECTIVES

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E TL R S EV UACTTIU ORNASL &S Y SS E TCETM IONS

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PERSPECTIVES

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E I NL N EV OAVTAI TOI N O SN & S E C T I O N S

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SERVICES

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08

conclusion

ERTNEC NOITAVONNI YDDAP EHT

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION From the study of this design thesis, the issues highlighted in the first chapter indicated that a strategic solution is needed to solve the core issue of our paddy industry. The issues included lack of facilities for research and development on paddy varieties, lack of awareness from the community on how important the paddy sector in Malaysia and lack of knowledge in innovation and technologies in modern farming for the paddy industry.

In addition, to solve these issues, an architectural design strategy is used to overcome the problems. The paddy innovation centre is chosen as a building typology for this thesis. It could be a platform for the community and researchers to gather in one place to improve the paddy industry.

As a conclusion, It can be concluded that the three main points of this study are to innovate a new laboratory environment which includes the involvement of agricultural researchers and the local community to contribute and exchange the knowledge in the farming sector, to promote awareness of the local community and the public on how important the paddy sector and history in Malaysia and to educate the community with innovation and technologies on modern farming which could attract the involvement of the community, especially among youth in paddy farming.

Thus, the paddy innovation centre could help the local community be exposed to modern farming and aware of paddy's importance. The paddy industry in Malaysia could sustain its culture and improve into a new era of paddy farming align with modern innovation and technology in the world.

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09 references appendices

ERTNEC NOITAVONNI YDDAP EHT

REFERENCES

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REFERENCES Serena Che Omar, Ashraf Shaharudin and Siti Aiysyah Tumin (2019), The Status of the Paddy and Rice Industry in Malaysia (KHAZANAH RESEARCH INSTITUTE) Tom Duckett, Simon Pearson, Simon Blackmore and Bruce Grieve, (2018, Agricultural Robotics: The Future of Robotic Agriculture Bahare Hajirostamlo, Narges Mirsaeedghazi, Mostafa Arefnia, Mohammad Ali, Shariati andEsmail Alimohammadi Fard (2015), The Role of Research and Development in Agriculture and Its Dependent Concepts in Agriculture Nastaran Jafari and Nangkula Utaberta (2015), Identifying Functional Factor for Developing the Community Centre in Kuala Lumpur Kris Steen & Ellen van Bueren (2017), Urban Living Labs A living lab way of working Mat Jones , Richard Kimberlee, Toity Deave and Simon Evans (2013), The Role of Community Centre-based Arts, Leisure and Social Activities in Promoting Adult Well-being and Healthy Lifestyles Allen Higgins and Stefan Klein (2011), Introduction to the Living Lab Approach Redmond Ramin Shamshiri, Cornelia Weltzien, Ibrahim A. Hameed, Ian J. Yule, Tony E. Grift, Siva K. Balasundram, Lenka Pitonakova, Desa Ahmad and Girish Chowdhary (2018), Research and development in agricultural robotics: A perspective of digital farming Will Kenton (2020), Research and Development(RND) (INVESTOPEDIA) https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/randd.as Karl Van ES (2018), This Building In Chiang Mai Has Rice Fields On The Roof (https://www.avontuura.com/asa-lanna-center-inchiang-mai-by-somdoon-architects/) Majlis Perbandaran Kangar (2013), Draf Rancangan Tempatan Majlis Perbandaran Kangar Perlis 2035. JILID 1: PETA CADANGAN DAN PERNYATAAN BERTULIS NEWCAMPUSDYNAMICS,https://newcampusdynamics.com/innov ation-hub/ IGIGLOBAL, https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/knowledge-inscience-and-technology-parks/91918 PagarMuseh. http://pagarmuseh.blogspot.com/2012/02/tanamanpadi-secara-tradisional-di.html ALAM R, Penanaman Padi di Malaysia – Kisah Petani Silam, https://www.myrokan.com/2017/11/teknologi-penanaman-padi-diluar-asean.html Anim Agro Technology, PENANAMAN PADI BERJENTERA http://animhosnan.blogspot.com/2011/07/penanaman-padiberjentera.html Zaim et.al. (2013), Paddy Industry and Paddy Farmers Well-being: A Success Recipe for Agriculture Industry in Malaysia MADA (2016), Lembaga Kemajuan Pertanian Muda, Kementerian Pertanian dan Industri Asas Tani, Laporan Tahunan 2016

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APPENDIX 1: DESIGN IDEAS JOURNAL

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APPENDIX 2: MODEL PHOTO

CONCEPTUAL 115

APPENDIX 2: MODEL PHOTO

SITE, MASSING & STRUCTURAL 116

APPENDIX 2: MODEL PHOTO

FINAL (DIGITAL MODEL) 117

APPENDIX 2: MODEL PHOTO

FINAL (DIGITAL MODEL) 118

The Paddy industry is considered crucial in Malaysia as its contributed about 300,500 hectares for rice production. The paddy sector in Malaysia is needed improvement in the paddy industry to achieve a self-sufficient level for rice production. Malaysia depends on import rice to meet the national requirement for food security.

There are many issues related to rice production in Malaysia. Social is the most prominent subject category in the thesis, followed by environment and economic issues. Other issues include lack of innovation on new paddy varieties, lack of awareness and education on the paddy industry for innovation and technology in modern farming. Therefore, for a secure future, the paddy innovation centre aims to improve the local paddy’s quality and quantity by introducing a new innovation in paddy industry and bringing the farmer community into a laboratory environment and collaborate with the researcher. At the same time, experience the edutainment from the centre. As a result, the research output is an entirely innovation centre that allows the community to learn and aware of the importance of the paddy industry and involve in collaboration for the researcher and community to gather, discuss, exchange knowledge and theoretical, & practically demonstrate innovation and technology on paddy farming. In addition, it could create awareness and engagement among farmer communities and attracts the young generation to involve and improve the paddy industry in Malaysia.

COP YRIG HT@2021