Joining Communities - Design Report

JOINING COMMUNITIES

INTEGRATED DESIGN 3 - AR30005 FREDERIKE MARX

“The Architect must learn to finish what others have started, and start with what others will finish” Eugène Viollet-le-Duc

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INTRODUCTION Modern society often overlooks the valuable work carried out by labourers and craftsmen. Although they are regarded as lesser jobs by many, the physically and mentally demanding work is the backbone of our society. Especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, the term ‘essential worker’ has become a colloquial term. The misunderstanding of these essential workers can lead, and has done so in the past, to misunderstandings and conflicts between classes.

The proposal aims to avoid these conflicts and have the different groups approach each other amicably.

The public is invited into the craftsmen’s workplace to observe the work and gather inspiration and joy from doing so. The café located at the street entrance makes the building more approachable and a grand void in the floor opens the building up for observation. There are also classrooms provided so knowledge can be shared and passed on.

In order to counteract a local problem, the work undertaken in the building is the recycling, adaptation and repurposing of second hand furniture. Providing a local drop-off location will be beneficial to students living around the area and reduce littering on the streets.

The repurposed furniture will be used in the café until someone decides to buy it. That way, the objects are being used to their full potential and no materials are being wasted or stored away unnecessarily.

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CONTENTS CRITICAL REFLECTION ARCHITECTURAL THEORIES – RETROFIRST ARCHITECTURAL THEORIES – TIMBER WASTE AND RECYCLING ARCHITECTURAL THEORIES - UTILITARIANISM SITE SERIAL VISION DUNDEE UNIT GROUPWORK SITE CONSIDERATIONS SITE APPRAISAL CHOSEN SITE ANALYSIS SITE VISIT EXISTING BUILDING BRIEF PRECEDENT STUDIES EDINBURGH SCULPTURE WORKSHOP BAMBOO RAFT FACTORY BOILER HOUSE DESIGN DEVELOPMENT KEY MOVES MODEL ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY ROOF STUDY DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPED DESIGN BETWEEN THINKING AND MAKING TECHNOLOGY STRUCTURE STRATEGIC DIAGRAMS PROVISION OF SERVICES MANAGEMENT, PLANNING AND LAW BIBLIOGRAPHY LIST OF FIGURES

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CRITICAL REFLECTION This proposed design will bring two communities together.

The local working class, which primarily works in the service industry, and traditional craftsmen whose work often goes unnoticed in our contemporary society.

By combining a joinery workshop with a café, the local community is invited to observe and take classes in traditional crafts and therefore make it more accessible to the wider public. It is a celebration of the industrial history of Scotland and Dundee.

By integrating the café with an exhibitional element, the local community experiences the finished pieces hands on but is also invited to observe the process of manufacture from above. A conscious decision has been made not to separate staff and public facilities to encourage mixing and conversations between the groups.

The building housing the scheme reflects the industrial character of Dundee in a more residential setting. The site is currently of use for the community which is a characteristic that will be kept after the conversion.

The noisy workshop is physically, but not visually, differentiated from the other areas via acoustic insulation.

Viewers will be able to see the works through void spaces on the interior and a glazed façade on the exterior when walking down Westfield Place.

The original design was intended to be zero waste, however after further research it became apparent that a zero waste construction is nearly impossible. In order to integrate a low waste approach during the design stage, concept models have been made entirely of reused cardboard.

Inspired by low waste, material recycling and the RetroFirst campaign, the proposed design is constructed with methods that will make it easy to disassemble if repairs are required or once the building reaches the end of its lifecycle. This will ensure that instead of demolishing the materials, which is costly and wasteful, they can be given another purpose, thus prolonging their lifespan beyond that of the building.

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CRITICAL REFLECTION - ARCHITECTURAL THEORIES RETROFIRST The RetroFirst campaign was first introduced by the Architect’s Journal in 2019. It outlines the problems associated with construction and demolition waste and their economic impact. In particular, it aims to change the extremely wasteful economic model the industry is based on at the moment. The construction industry in the UK is one of the main culprits when it comes to carbon emissions and the consumption of raw materials such as cement. Considering the commitment of the UK to become carbon neutral by 2050, major changes within the industry are required.

In order to change the way we construct buildings now, the campaign proposes changes in law, taxation and procurement. The concept of a circular economy is desired, where materials do not lose value but instead are reused continuously or recycled in a way that creates no waste.

The proposed design is therefore chosen for a site of which the majority is an existing building. The building, which is a car mechanic workshop, is located on Perth Road in Roseangle, Dundee has existed for over a century and is as such showing signs of being repurposed multiple times. For the proposal, the original brick façade will be retained as well as the shape of the building.

By introducing a furniture recycling and repair shop, the building will remain of use to the community, but fill a gap that has been identified by local residents which is the fact that furniture is currently discarded and/or stored on the streets when residents don’t know what to do with it.

1. Hurst, W. (2019). Introducing RetroFirst: a New AJ Campaign Championing Reuse in the Built Environment. [online] Architect’s Journal. Available at: https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/introducing-retrofirsta-new-aj-campaign-championing-reuse-in-the-built-environment [Accessed 10 May 2021].

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CRITICAL REFLECTION - ARCHITECTURAL THEORIES TIMBER WASTE AND RECYCLING Timber is the most commonly used building material due to its structural and aesthetic properties as well as its reputation of being sustainable. This high demand may become a problem in the future because the world’s population is ever growing and the demand for housing is increasing.

The UK produces around 4.5 million tonnes of waste timber annually and only a third of it is recycled. The reason for this is that a lot of waste timber is treated or contaminated and is therefore more difficult to recycle. The construction industry is especially bad for having their timber recycled because they produce waste in various sizes and qualities. In addition to that, timber waste from demolition sites is almost infallibly contaminated with other materials which reduces the chance of recycling even more.

But even in cases where the timber is recycled, it is almost always downcycled. This means the product resulting from the recycling process is of less value than the original material. MDF and chipboard are prime examples of this, but also animal bedding and garden mulch are results of downcycling and are practically the last use a piece of timber will have before being shipped to a biomass plant.

In terms of pollution, burning wood does not cause much concern as the carbon released into the atmosphere was previously absorbed by the tree and is simply reintroduced to the carbon cycle. The problem happens when the wood being burned has been treated, i.e. with glues and adhesives which are commonly used for MDF and chipboards. The chemicals produce toxic fumes when burned and are even suspected to be detrimental to the health of building users where treated wood is used.

Most furniture is made of chipboard, treated and coated to make it less susceptible to damage. But that is exactly why these low grade assemblies should be reused as often as possible and have their lifespan extended to avoid them being burnt.

The proposed furniture repurposing facility will aim to give every piece the longest possible lifespan without being detrimental to the environment whilst being sensitive to the local demographics. This means students will be able to buy their furniture locally, instead of travelling (and emitting more greenhouse gases) to big furniture outlets and it will also be affordable due to the materials coming primarily from donations.

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CRITICAL REFLECTION - ARCHITECTURAL THEORIES UTILITARIANISM A philosophy focused on the consequences rather than the actions, utilitarianism has a specific place in the circular economy. Assuming positive consequences determine positive actions and “positive” being defined by the greater good for humanity, the circular economy is in itself utilitarian. It is striving to prolong the survival of every creature on earth by reducing the effects of climate change and every action that helps to achieve this goal is positive.

Even if these action don’t seem immediately “positive”, their outcomes determine that they are. In architecture, this could mean ornamentation or specific finishes on products may not be used as to not make them wasteful or less sustainable. For the recycling of timber, this would mean avoiding chemicals such as glues, and, because they already exist, their lifespan should be prolonged as much as possible to reduce the need to produce more and avoid burning it and polluting the environment.

The proposal aims to combat wastefulness through its scheme but also through its design. Material choices were made that reduce the need for treated materials thus ensuring the building can be disassembled and its materials recycled when it comes to the end of its lifecycle. Choosing to use an existing building and repurposing it has also been a purely utilitarian choice because reduces the amount of new materials having to be transported and processed to construct it.

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To approach Roseangle, you will most likely have to approach Dundee first and cross through its busy city centre. Dundee is surrounded by rural areas, even when entered via the busy main road. You can see that in the first half, the vegetation, such as trees but also farmer's fields, surround the viewer and in some instances seem to tower over man-made objects. Once you take the turn to get onto the Tay Road Bridge, the landscape suddenly opens up and all you can see is Dundee in the distance with buildings nestled on the hillside. Leaving the bridge, you are immediately thrown into the busy city life with congested traffic and pedestrians walking merely 2ft away from your car. The vegetation seems to have disappeared, apart from some small flowerbeds that appear almost random amongst concrete and stone giants. Roseangle itself is a lot more residential with smaller buildings, gardens and the cobblestone road which makes you slow down and respect the area.

Even with the high density of residents (students and professionals) it seems like a peaceful neighbourhood.

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DUNDEE Dundee: Dundee has been an industrial hub throughout history which is mainly due to the location of its original harbour. Being one of the main trading points for Scotland, factories settled close-by to establish international trading routes which in turn promoted Dundee as a city and caused a wealthy population.

Today, manufacture is only the fourth biggest employer of the city following medical, services and education. However, within the product manufacture sector timber and metalwork are the two biggest employers. The proposal of a furniture recycling facility is intended to reinforce these roots from the past and integrate the traditional craftsmanship into a modern city environment.

Roseangle is a vibrant young community in the west of Dundee. The main demographics of this area are students and young professionals (with families) due to the proximity to the city centre as well as the University of Dundee.

Roseangle’s streetscape is defined by the main artery (Perth road) which runs north of the area and narrow lanes running south and downhill towards the River Tay. The whole area is defined as a conservation area by Dundee City Council so design restrictions apply.

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UNIT GROUPWORK

2. Image by: Mateusz Beirut

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UNIT GROUPWORK

3. Image by: Brendan Kerrisk

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UNIT GROUPWORK

4. Image by: Lucy Taylor

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SITE CONSIDERATIONS

SITE 1

SITE 2

Opportunities: • Good infrastructure • Existing car park • Open site/large • Two main points of access (North and South)

Opportunities: • Entrance on main road • Existing building can be reused • Vehicle and pedestrian access • Threshold of “village” and city • Recessed • Flat ground (existing floors)

Constraints: • Large surrounding buildings • Shadows • Slope • Hidden • Existing building (West)

Constraints: • Street façade restrictions • Limited space • Majority of site is built up • Close to residences (noise?)

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SITE CONSIDERATIONS

SITE 4

SITE 5

Opportunities: • Good permeability • Clear line • Small slope • Side entrance possible • Existing car park

Opportunities: • Familiar site (last semester) • One entrance • Open to south views • On main circulation route for residents

Opportunities: • One entrance • Open to south views • Existing building can be reused • Proximity to student residences • On main circulation route for residents

Constraints: • Mainly residential area • Hidden • Existing green space would be destroyed • narrow

Constraints: • Only one entrance • South views will be blocked by future developments • Railway • Private area

SITE 3

Constraints: • Only one entrance possible • South views will be blocked by future developments • Railway • Private area • Listed building 19

SITE APPRAISAL

Is there a chance to reuse an existing building?

Which site offers better amenities?

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SITE 2 INITIAL SKETCH The existing building lends itself for an industrial design due to its current look. The front yard which is fully paved could be utilised for deliveries or outdoor activities and its immediate connection to the street is inviting.

There are two choke points where care will need to be taken with regards to looking into neighbours properties but also overlooking their gardens. In addition to that the building has a side entrance on Westfield Place which could be utilised as staff entrance.

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SITE 5 INITIAL SKETCH The existing building is listed and also separated from the street by a trench, which could be utilised to let natural light penetrate the basement level. In the south, the site is empty and large enough to facilitate a completely new building so a contrast between the old and new would be possible. The natural flow of the site dictates that a loop circulation is most appropriate; possibly a courtyard.

The slope towards the south ensures all buildings (including a new build in the south) will receive sufficient sunlight.

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CHOSEN SITE The chosen site is site 2 (Kwik Fit) because it is located in a position where a connection between the industrial north and the residential south can be established. In addition to that, the more commercial surroundings will improve the success of the scheme due to the proximity to customers and public transport. Construction will also be less disruptive to local residents in this area as it is already nosier than the south of Roseangle.

In terms of sustainability, the site has the perk of being almost entirely made of an already existing building.

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The surrounding area has plentiful greenspaces; however the majority of those are private gardens and enclosed by fences and stone walls.

The site is on a slope which offers opportunities for views towards the River Tay in the south.

The street level of Perth Road is mostly commercial and can be seen as an extension to the city centre in the east.

Due to its location on the slope of a hill, the site receives long hours of sunlight during the day.

Overshadowing from neighbouring buildings poses little problems as the buildings seem to be staggered in a way that allows everyone to receive sunlight.

Public car parks are within walking distance of the building which makes it more accessible to customers.

Main winds are coming from the south west as is typical for Scotland. The exposed basement level of the building is sheltered by surrounding buildings and walls; however the first floor may be more exposed.

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SITE VISIT

PERTH ROAD

THE LANES

Perth Road is a busy road for both pedestrians, cyclists and vehicles. It is the main circulation route between the residential blocks and the university and city centre. Seldom do you find this road completely deserted, however during the pandemic this seems to have been the case more often.

The stay-at-home order and closure of commercial premises have severely transformed the image of this road and it is unclear what it will transform into in the future.

Due to the reduced traffic, cafés are able to use the street for outdoor seating, another symptom of the pandemic and social distancing rules.

The lanes to the south of Perth Road are significantly more quiet and domestic. Predominantly residential, the activities taking places in the lanes are less busy and more recreational, such as picnicking on Magdalen Green or running/dog walking. Those activities still went on during the pandemic as they are not reliant on shops and are also not necessarily social.

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SITE VISIT

FAÇADE When examining the Kwik Fit site the buildings wall surface become immediately obvious. The white render on the east façade and front is especially rough and seems unpleasant to look at and touch. The western façade is made of different masonry constructions, including stonework that seems to have been repointed, rough bricks, newer brick infills where windows used to be and other small irregularities which appear to have been added as repairs.

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SITE VISIT RENDERED WALLS The white render walls appear derelict due to staining and damage where parts of the wall application have chipped off.

The reason for this is lack of maintenance which is especially important in Scotland’s wet climate and the light colour of the render.

Generally, the whole east façade is currently undermining and in opposition to the charming character of the lane it commences (Westfield Place). For this reason it might be a good consideration to either replace or clean and repaint the wall and gates.

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EXISTING BUILDING The existing building has grown significantly since it has first been recorded on maps in the 1890s.

Initially a residential block, it has been repurposed multiple times to become the garage that it is today.

Within the past century the plan became more contiguous and the semi-courtyard has been lost by the subtraction of the residential frontage towards Perth Road.

5. Image by: Ben Hoskins, colours edited by author

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EXISTING BUILDING Construction Methods: The existing building is suspected to be constructed with a composite concrete floor, as seen in the images from July 2012 when the building was refurbished.

The west and south façade are suspected to be constructed from a common cavity wall construction from the 1890s which combines a two half-brick leaf with a cavity and facing bricks tied together by iron or steel ties. This assumption is derived from the existing drawings prepared

by Ormerod Design Ltd and show a wall thickness of 341mm which would determine a 24mm cavity. However, further surveys are required to determine the accurate make up of the wall and floors.

University of the West of England. 2009. Early Walls. [Online]. [10/05/2021].

Available from: https://fet.uwe.ac.uk/conweb/house_ages/elements/print.htm

6. Google Street View. 2012.. [Online]. [10/05/2021]. Available from: https://www.google.com/maps/@56.4560823,2.987532,3a,75y,133.06h,105.24t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1spgaZtls2af iFrWMmZLNQmw!2e0!5s20120701T000000!7i13312!8i6656 -

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BRIEF The aim of this project is to create a centre for making that reinforces the relationship between the community and the craftsmen. This is especially important in a society where service industry work is regarded as more valuable than labour intensive work. Both communities when working in cooperation can learn a lot from each other and therefore drive innovation whilst respecting and upholding tradition and craft.

REVISED SCHEDULE OF ACCOMMODATION Core spaces: •

Making Hall

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Café/Exhibition

•

Workshop

Supporting spaces: reused privately

broken furniture

sent to facility

sold

reused commercially

repaired/ repurposed

sent to café/ exhibition

•

CAD Suite

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Classrooms/Seminar rooms

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Kitchen

•

Staff Offices

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Plant room

•

Spray Booth

•

Shared facilities

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BRIEF USER NEEDS IN CORE SPACES: WORKSHOP • Electrical outlets • Ventilation and filtration • Natural light • Even light • Durable materials • Delivery access MAKING HALL • Electrical outlets • Natural light • Even light • Durable materials • Delivery access • Storage • Thermal comfort • Flexible spaces CAFÉ/EXHIBITION • Even light/top light • Flexible spaces • Thermal comfort • Physical comfort

Café Exhibition

Workshop

CAD suite

Making Hall

CNC routers

Lasercutting

Kitchen

Shared facilities

Offices

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PRECEDENT STUDIES EDINBURGH SCULPTURE WORKSHOP SUTHERLAND AND HUSSEY HARRIS

The Sculpture Workshop in Edinburgh by Sutherland Hussey and Harris has been built in two phases with the existing railway sheds being refurbished in Phase 1 and a semipublic courtyard being created in Phase 2 and finished in 2015. A public path runs through the middle of the scheme and overlooks the courtyard which is served by ancillary sculpture studios and a public café underneath the path.

ARRANGEMENT Phase 1 and 2 are clearly separated in plan which emphasises the difference in use. The sheds are almost completely private whilst the courtyard invites the public to observe the works.

.7. Sutherland Hussey Harris. 2014.. [Online]. [10/05/2021]. Available from: https://www.suhuha.com/esw-creative-laboratories

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PRECEDENT STUDIES BAMBOO RAFT FACTORY TRACE ARCHITECTURE OFFICE

The Bamboo Raft Factory by Trace Architecture Office (TAO) has been built in 2013 and is a prime example of the utilitarian work of TAO. MATERIALS The materials used for this development are untreated and locally sourced and represent the use of the building (bamboo, concrete blocks, cement tiles). Using untreated materials is intended to discourage superfluous design and highlight the simplicity and economic use of materials.

8. Trace Architecture Office. 2012.. [Online]. [10/05/2021]. Available from: 武夷山竹筏育制场 Wuyishan Bamboo Raft Factory — TAO | Trace Architecture Office (t-a-o.cn)

ARRANGEMENT The rational plan layout of the factory increases efficiency due to the compartmentation and separation of the work area and staff recreational areas.

Natural light and ventilation are controlled via grand rooflights which guide the light down into the work area whilst fumes are removed via the same way but also supplemented by mechanical means.

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PRECEDENT STUDIES BOILER HOUSE ATELIER HOFFMANN

The Boiler House by Atelier Hoffmann was built in 2018 and is intended to create a relationship between traditional crafts and technical innovation. It serves as an event centre but the design is sensitive to the adaptive reuse of buildings and it is therefore designed in a way that will allow a future change of use whilst respecting the historic building.

MATERIALS The materials used are existing brickwork which is supplemented by black steel and a polished concrete floor. By using this combination a complimentary relationship between the old (brick) and the new (polished concrete, steel) is created which highlights each materials unique characteristics.

9. Atelier Hoffmann. 2018.. [Online]. [10/05/2021]. Available from: https://www.archdaily.com/893795/boiler-house-libcice-nad-vltavouatelier-hoffman

SECTION Light enters the spaces via large rooflights and an extruded well at the apex of the roof. In addition to that, large vertical windows increase the penetration of natural light into the double height space.

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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT EXISTING PLANS Due to the current use of the building as a car garage, the ground floor is mostly open plan to facilitate big machinery. This is one of the reasons the site has been chosen for the (Re)make brief. Customer and staff facilities are located in an extension on the east and contain WCs and offices.

The basement floor is currently unused unless maintenance is necessary. Due to the slope on the site, the basement level has various different heights. A distinct, although slightly irregular, structural grid can be derived from the structural elements and a loadbearing wall closes off the middle bay to the north. The irregular corner in the north west is suspected to be built around an obstacle that was either too difficult or uneconomic to remove.

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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT STRUCTURAL GRID Superimposing a regular grid that loosely fits the existing structural members highlights the irregularity of those. It is also noticeable that the building can be divided into three bays on both levels. In the basement, these bays create a centralised plan layout whereas on the ground floor a hierarchy is established by the workshop floor using up two bays.

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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT NEW STRUCTURE Removing the existing members and replacing these with a new steel frame that follows the more regular grid ensures the loads are being transferred more evenly and also adds a rhythm to the building. The longitudinal bays follow the previous bays and are at slightly different intervals but see all the columns arranged on one line.

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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT INITIAL SPACE ARRANGEMENT The initial plan layout follows the previous layout with customer and staff facilities being located in the extension on the ground floor. To establish the connection between the craftsmen and the community, the make space and a combined café/exhibition space have been placed next to each other with the make space being slightly sunken to allow the public to observe the work.

The basement floor also follows the existing centralised layout, with private spaces such as CAD Suites and classrooms arranged around a central circulation space. The walled garden has been removed to allow an off-street space for deliveries which has a storage space adjacent to it.

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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT NATURAL LIGHT Allowing natural light into the building was a problem as the existing brick wall has window infills which tell the history of the building so opening these up was counterintuitive. For this reason, rooflights have been introduced to luminate the ground floor along the western façade and a grand void following the central bay has been created to allow light to penetrate down into the basement. Because of this void taking up a large area of the floor, but also because of noise and contamination issues, the make space has been placed in the basement and is now observable from above through the void.

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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT DETAILED DESIGN Developing the design further from there exposed the problem of the basement still being too dark and in order to make the space less reliant on artificial light the east façade has been replaced by a curtain wall on the basement level with the glazing becoming more exposed as the site slopes down and exposes more of the basement. Another void has also been created adjacent to the entrance on ground level to give the customer a sneak view of the work below. The roof lights along the western façade have been extended down to create display cases featuring furniture that would not usually be used in a café or to display high end furniture that needs to be protected.

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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT MODEL ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY

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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT DETAILED DESIGN – ROOF STUDY

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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT DETAILED DESIGN – KITCHEN LAYOUT KITCHEN TRIANGLE The kitchen layout follows the principle of the kitchen triangle which defines the ergonomics of a comfortable and efficient workspace. The travel distance between the fridge, stove and sink is less than 7000mm and the distance between the hob and the sink is less than 1800mm. Ample room is provided in front of the oven to allow safe and easy manoeuvring.

Passing spaces are more than 950mm wide to allow moving with a tray and the stoves are kept at a reasonable distance from the door.

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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT DETAILED DESIGN – WORKSHOP LAYOUT REQUIRED MACHINERY • Table saw • Band saw • CNC router • Laser cutter • Airbrush/paint equipment • Workbenches • Planer • Jointer • Sander • Extraction hoses

LAYOUT The workshop has been laid out in a way that allows for flexible movement and ample space between the machinery for manoeuvring large pieces of timber.

Machinery with more service requirements, such as extraction vents are located further towards the back of the make space and closer to the plant room to minimise service routes.

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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT DETAILED DESIGN – SPRAYBOOTH LAYOUT REQUIRED ELEMENTS • Mechanical ventilation • Air filtration • Heated air supply • Even lighting, artificial but mimicking daylight • Workbenches • PPE storage • Paint guns

LAYOUT AND PLACEMENT The spraybooth is neighbouring the plant room as it is a highly serviced space. High quality ventilation, filtration and temperature control are required in this area to produce the best quality of coatings for the timber. A wide workbench and storage unit are located within the area for ease of access to PPE and other equipment and to allow large pieces to dry over several hours within the space.

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DEVELOPED DESIGN APPROACH – EXTERNAL VIEW

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1:200 North Elevation

3D Model External view

3D Model External view night

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DEVELOPED DESIGN ELEVATIONS

1:200 Longitudinal Section

1:200 East Elevation

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DEVELOPED DESIGN ELEVATIONS

1:100 West Elevation (retained façade)

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DEVELOPED DESIGN

Outdoor Seating

Entrance

Café/ Exhibition

Workshop

Make Space

Kitchen

Furniture Store

Offices Classrooms

Void

1:200 Ground Floor Plan

Deliveries

1:200 Basement Plan

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DEVELOPED DESIGN SOLID VOID FRAME

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DEVELOPED DESIGN CAFÉ

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DEVELOPED DESIGN CAFÉ

The display cases are used to exhibit higher end furniture or pieces that would not normally be used in a café such as wardrobes etc. They divide the seating area into smaller pods and break up the otherwise open space.

The top light is the perfect setting to portray and advertise the pieces.

After sunset, light fixings within the cases illuminate the furniture similar to what it would be during the day.

The black steel frame is exposed and crosses through the space to break up the large volume and make the space more comfortable to be in. It also highlights the assembly and construction method of the building.

The matte carbon black paint is chosen to highlight the industrial character of the building whilst refraining from overcrowding the space.

The furniture used in the café are the recycled and processed donations from the community. It is therefore mismatched and has a lot of diversity on colours, textures and styles. This is in opposition to the fixed elements of the building (display cases, steel frame etc.) which are kept plain and therefore shift focus towards the furniture.

The objects are also offered for sale and can be tried out in the café before a decision is made by the customer.

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DEVELOPED DESIGN OBSERVATION INTERNAL VIEW

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DEVELOPED DESIGN WORKSHOP INTERNAL VIEW AND CHARACTERISING ELEMENTS

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DEVELOPED DESIGN WORKSHOP

The frame in the workshop is also exposed and serves the same purpose as in the café. It divides the open plan and displays the nature of the building. This is especially suitable for the workshop as this is the engine of the whole building and should therefore reflect the intentions of the design.

In addition to the frame, the services are also exposed which adds visual interest and an asymmetrical yet regulated element. Cable trays, ductwork and piping run closely underneath the steel beams, originating in the plant room and distributing heating, ventilation, extraction and plumbing to the destination areas. Lighting fixtures are also places along the cable trays to minimise the need for long cable runs.

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DEVELOPED DESIGN SECTIONS

1:100 Section Part-Elevation

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BETWEEN THINKING AND MAKING TRYPTICH – THERME VALS

10. Image by Melisa Ruzgar, Lan Nguyenova and author

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BETWEEN THINKING AND MAKING INFLUENCE ON MATERIAL CHOICE The Between Thinking and Making project has been an opportunity to think about a design in a more abstract way and analyse what the underlying message is. It was also a way to explore how a certain atmosphere is created.

For the Therme Vals by Peter Zumthor, the atmosphere is calm and serene which is achieved by the controlled use of the stonework and the setting of the building in the Alps.

The neutral to cold colour palette has a calming effect and that experience is contrasted by the warm baths the visitor finds themselves in.

For the proposed furniture recycling facility, an opposing atmosphere was desired. The busy work space and vibrant café will therefore be complimented by a less controlled and less stripped back architectural language. Elegant finishes on materials will merely be accent pieces whilst the rest of the building will be made of raw, untreated elements that are proven to be hard wearing and durable over time.

A neutral to warm colour palette is used which is determined by the existing brickwork and fits within the context of Roseangle.

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MATERIALS RETAINED:

INTRODUCED:

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TECHNOLOGY WALL CONSTRUCTION

By retaining the existing façade, elements had to be added to it in order to comply with building regulations and to provide thermal comfort for the building user. A layer of concrete masonry units has been added to support the loads from the steel frame. This layer and the brick layer envelop a layer of thermal insulation and a vapour retarder. All leaves are tied together with galvanised screw-in wall ties which are embedded into the mortar of the brick and blockwork.

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TECHNOLOGY STEEL FRAME

The steel frame act as the skeleton of the building and is incorporated into the new wall construction of the existing façade. It supports the metal sheeting floor and roofs, gives rhythm to the interior, especially in the café/exhibition and make space.

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TECHNOLOGY ROOFLIGHTS AND WALL OPENINGS The display cases receive natural light via roof lights above. The light is channelled through a short lightwell and penetrates the café/exhibition whilst providing optimal lighting to display the objects.

The classroom windows are fixed externally with steel clamps, a method inspired by Sigurd Lewerentz’ Flower Kiosk.

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TECHNOLOGY CONSTRUCTION SECTION

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Rooflights (operated mechanically) Corrugated metal sheeting Thermal insulation Steel frame False ceiling construction Rainscreen cladding Corrugated metal floor construction Retained brick façade supplemented by concrete blocks + insulation infills 9. Curtain wall construction 10. Exposed concrete foundation slab

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TECHNOLOGY THERMAL ENVELOPE The thermal envelope is a continuous layer around the internal spaces and ensures that thermal bridging is prevented. The thickness has been reduced in areas where thermal mass can be used such as the parts of the basement which are below the ground surface.

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TECHNOLOGY COMPARTMENTATION Internal partitions and acoustic insulation included within them create compartments which are sheltered from the noisy works in the make space. These separated areas are also the more serviced areas where stationary work takes place, i.e. offices and classrooms/CAD suites.

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TECHNOLOGY LOAD TRANSFER The live and dead loads are transferred through the steel frame and floors into the foundations and eventually the ground below.

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TECHNOLOGY EXPOSED STRUCURE The artistic choice to expose the structure has been made in order to reflect the crafty nature of the scheme. The exposed structure makes the make up of the building readable to the visitors and is intended to spark joy and curiosity about how things are made and assembled.

Exposing the structure of a building inevitably becomes an issue when it comes to fire safety. Because the structure is not compartmented, it is more likely to be damaged which can lead to quick structural collapse.

To counteract this issue, the steel frame will be painted in intumescent paint, which expands at high temperatures and creates a buffer between the fire and the structure, thus insulating and protecting it.

11. Iuliia Petukhovskaia. 2018.. [Online]. [10/05/2021]. Available from: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/161431646.pdf

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TECHNOLOGY SERVICES The service routes are kept to a minimum by grouping the serviced areas. In addition to that, the sanitary facilities are located above each other on both floors so that pipework is also kept as short as possible.

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TECHNOLOGY SERVICES EXPOSED Similarly to the exposed structure, the choice has been made to expose the services running underneath the ceiling.

This honest and open way of construction creates a visual interest in the workshop and also defeats the need of additional materials to hide these elements.

In addition to that, the services will be easier to access for maintenance and visual inspection, but they are also more likely to be damaged by fire. Tampering or physical damage are not expected due to the services being located way out of reach of the make space users.

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TECHNOLOGY VENTILATION

SECTION DIAGRAM

A stack ventilation is used in order to use as much natural ventilation as possible. The air is drawn out from the basement through the void and released into the atmosphere well above street level through opening window vents.

Heating is provided through the ducts running underneath the ceiling. A heat exchange unit is used to recycle used air and redirect it back into the space in addition to fresh air to minimise the need of heating fresh cold air.

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MANAGEMENT, PLANNING AND LAW

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MANAGEMENT, PLANNING AND LAW

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MANAGEMENT, PLANNING AND LAW

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MANAGEMENT, PLANNING AND LAW

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LIST OF FIGURES All images were created by the author unless stated otherwise.

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Hurst, W. (2019). Introducing RetroFirst: a New AJ Campaign Championing Reuse in the Built Environment. [online] Architect’s Journal. Available at: https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/introducing-retrofirst-a-new-aj-campaign-championingreuse-in-the-built-environment [Accessed 10 May 2021].

Image by: Mateusz Beirut Image by: Brendan Kerrisk Image by: Lucy Taylor Image by: Ben Hoskins Google Street View. 2012.. [Online]. [10/05/2021]. Available from: https://www.google.com/maps/@56.4560823,2.987532,3a,75y,133.06h,105.24t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1spgaZtls2afiFrWMmZLNQmw!2e0!5s20120701T000000 !7i13312!8i6656 Sutherland Hussey Harris. 2014.. [Online]. [10/05/2021]. Available from: https://www.suhuha.com/eswcreative-laboratories Trace Architecture Office. 2012.. [Online]. [10/05/2021]. Available from: 武夷山竹筏育制场 Wuyishan Bamboo Raft Factory — TAO | Trace Architecture Office (t-a-o.cn) Atelier Hoffmann. 2018.. [Online]. [10/05/2021]. Available from: https://www.archdaily.com/893795/boilerhouse-libcice-nad-vltavou-atelier-hoffman Image by Lan Nguyenova, Melisa Ruzgar and author Iuliia Petukhovskaia. 2018.. [Online]. [10/05/2021]. Available from: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/161431646.pdf

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