LEV Conference Reader

LEV Conference 2010 Cologne Intermot · 4. – 5. October 2010

Inhalt October 4th, 2010

Han Goes Q Square Consultants · Pedelec – the Trojan Horse of the Bicycle Industry 5 Thomas Santos Innovative Mobility Automobile · Pure Efficiency a LEV as part of the change in mobility 17 Hannes Neupert HNC · The Electrification of the Bicycle Industry 25 Bin Min Lin ITRI · Government support 35 Alex Thusbass Kucher & Thusbass · Market segmentation 43 Ulrich Prediger Leaserad · Leasing Concept 51 Stefan Lippert ID Bike – ELMOTO GmbH · Sales options 59 Reimar Beer Emotion-technologies · lev-store 69 Edward Benjamin eCycleElectric Consultants · Sales channels trends 77 Andreas Kekedi SLG · Rules for dangerous goods 89 Peter Gutzeit Ib-Rec · Battery-recycling 97 Dr. Mo-Hua Yang Hi – Tech · Infrastructure 109 Marcel Knodel RIVA Management Consultants · Product Development 119

October 5th, 2010

Tetsuji Ueta Sanyo Electric · Pedelec drive train 123 Dr. Mo-Hua Yang HT Energy · Technical overview 137 Dr. Steffen Wieland Enymotion · Fuel cell – the battery – boost 149 Hannes Neupert ExtraEnergy · Standardization 155 Stephan Scheuer TÜV Rheinland · Batso 163 Christian Eckart Rosenberger · EnergyBus Connector 171 Johannes Dörndorfer Electragil · EnergyBus protocol with ACRON drive train 179 Gijs Roovers ID Bike · Sensor technology 197 David Guzik LEVA · Summary Performance Standard work at LEVA and ExtraEnergy

A tool for testing, development directions as well as marketing 205 Wim Jonker EBSC · ION Technology: The Intelligent E-Bike System 211 Albrecht Kraus Philips · LED light 217

Han Goes Q Square Consultants Pedelec – the Trojan Horse of the Bicycle Industry

Han Goes Q Square Consultants · Pedelec – the Trojan Horse of the Bicycle Industry

notes LEV-Conference Cologne, October 2010 © 2010 Han Goes

Sign of the Times

At The Dawn Of LEV -Light Electric Vehicle- Mobility

notes

The Evolution of LEV-Mobility

Retrospective: LEV-Conference Taipei, March 2008 © 2010 Han Goes

DUTCH MARKET FOR PEDELECS • Started in 1996 • Stigmatising, “goofy” looking product for 80+, and disabled people • Prosthesis!

• • • • •

In 2002 introduction of Sparta Ion (small revolution) Looks like a normal bike Sounds like a normal bike Feels like a normal bike Rides with silk and smooth electric power assist

2

notes

The Evolution of LEV-Mobility

Retrospective: LEV-Conference Taipei, March 2008 © 2010 Han Goes

DUTCH MARKET FOR PEDELECS • 2003: 20.000 • 2004: 30.000 • 2005: 45.000 • 2006: 70.000 • 2007: 100.000 • • •

•

3% market threshold, around 40,000 Reached in 2005 = Bandwagon effect The Pedelec, after 10 years, becomes mature and well accepted product in the market place for ……

Silver age consumers (65+)

3

6

Han Goes Q Square Consultants · Pedelec – the Trojan Horse of the Bicycle Industry

notes

The Evolution of LEV-Mobility

Retrospective: LEV-Conference Taipei, March 2008 © 2010 Han Goes

DUTCH MARKET FOR PEDELECS • Since middle of ’90’s: converging trend • 2005: acceptance (3% threshold) • 2008: to grow the market potential, a diverging trend is needed • pricing • product positioning • target consumer • riding programs • functionality • Given the Dutch DNA for cycling • Given the current Dutch bicycle landscape • ….

• Potential for Pedelecs can reach 25% ~ 30% • 400.000 units of the market place, within 5 years

4

notes

The Future of Mobility

Which Direction is the Market going to Grow? © 2010 Han Goes

• • • • • •

•

Mobility remains one of the most important Basic Needs for mankind A Living Condition, as is food People will never give up consuming mobility However …

Consumption of traditional mobility has reached it’s limits And will rapidly change …

For rational and a lot of irrational reasons

5

notes

The Future of LEV-Mobility

Which Direction is the Market going to Grow? © 2010 Han Goes

WHAT “MOVES” PEOPLE? • • •

Innovators/Opinion Leaders: Make choices outside social norm Early Adopters: Seek new choices within social norm Mainstream: Make safe choices within social norm

Source Everett Rogers

6

7

Han Goes Q Square Consultants · Pedelec – the Trojan Horse of the Bicycle Industry

notes

The Future of LEV-Mobility

Which Direction is the Market going to Grow? © 2010 Han Goes

LOOK INTO THE CRYSTAL BALL INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE • Looks backwards (and copies each other) • Thinks of the consumer as a human being with rational behaviour •

•

Although the industry itself is far from being rational

Thinks of the product still as a bicycle (point of reference) Horizontal product differentiation = apply the same concept i.e. Pedelec to different target groups = RED OCEAN

•

Thinks of the biggest golden opportunity ever in bicycle business

7

notes

The Future of LEV-Mobility

Which Direction is the Market going to Grow? © 2010 Han Goes

LOOK INTO THE CRYSTAL BALL CONSUMER’S PERSPECTIVE • Results in the past are not a guarantee for the future • The future lies ahead of us • Consumers are everything else but rational • Pedelecs are only going to be a part of the LEV-avalanche Vertical product differentiation = apply the same functionality i.e. electric mobility to different concepts = BLUE OCEAN

8

notes

The Future of LEV-Mobility

Which Direction is the Market going to Grow? © 2010 Han Goes

LOOK INTO THE CRYSTAL BALL THIRD PARTY PERSPECTIVE • The Pedelec could become a Trojan Horse for the bike industry …

• Triggering other developments • Less bicycles sales • Less Pedelecs sales • More Power-On-Demand E-bike sales • More E-Scooters sales • Electronic & automotive industry eat the pie

9

8

Han Goes Q Square Consultants · Pedelec – the Trojan Horse of the Bicycle Industry

notes

The Future of LEV-Mobility

What does the Consumer really Want? © 2010 Han Goes

WHAT “MOVES” PEOPLE? • How do they consume mobility • What’s the rationale for their decisions •

Consumer Market Research (Quantitative / Qualitative): • Netherlands (Amsterdam / Apeldoorn) • Japan (Tokyo) • • • • • •

Innovators/Opinion Leaders Make choices outside social norm Early Adopters Seek new choices within social norm Mainstream Make safe non-conforming choices

Source Everett Rogers

10

notes

The Future of LEV-Mobility

Consumption of Mobility © 2010 Han Goes

MOBILITY IS ABOUT TO CHANGE DRASTICALLY Irrational • FUN mobility • CONVENIENCE mobility • COMFORT mobility • HIP & TRENDY mobility Rational Clean mobility Efficient mobility • Door-to-Door mobility • Flexible mobility • Distance adjusted mobility • Smart mobility • Compact mobility • •

11

notes

The Future of LEV-Mobility

Consumption of Mobility © 2010 Han Goes

MOBILITY TREND • Compact Mobility  • Micro Mobility  • 2-Wheel Mobility  • Eco-Mobility  • E-Mobility  LEV-MOBILITY • Personal / Indiviual • Very Light • Agile and flexible • Electric • Vehicles (2-Wheels) • Automotive styling

12

9

Han Goes Q Square Consultants · Pedelec – the Trojan Horse of the Bicycle Industry

notes

The Future of LEV-Mobility

Holland & Japan role models © 2010 Han Goes

0,5 9

0,7 1

0,6 7

0,7 6

0,8

0,7 1

1

0,9 0

1,2

1,1 5

Bicycles per capita 2008

0,3 0 0,1 7

0,3 0

0,3 6

0,3 8

0,4

0,3 6

0,4 0

0,3 8

0,4 4

0,6

0,0 5

0,2

Ind ia

Spa in

Bra sil

UK

Ko rea

US A

Fra nce

Ita ly

Ch ina

Jap an Au stra lia

Fin lan d

Sw ede n No rw ay

Ho lla nd De nm ark Ge rma ny

0

13

notes

The Future of LEV-Mobility

Holland & Japan Role Models © 2010 Han Goes

ROLE MODELS • Netherlands • Japan • In one way or the other have a cycling culture • Amsterdam is a role model and guiding example for other metropolitan areas.

• Process is already on it’s way (e.g. Paris, London, Montreal, Chicago, Tokyo).

14

notes

The Evolution of LEV-Mobility

Case Study: Netherlands © 2010 Han Goes

• •

• • • • • • •

1,2 ~ 1,4 million bikes annually 18 million total bike park 2003: 20.000 Pedelecs 2004: 30.000 Pedelecs 2005: 45.000 Pedelecs 2006: 70.000 Pedelecs 2007: 100.000 Pedelecs 2008: 150.000 Pedelecs 2009: 200.000 Pedelecs

15

10

Han Goes Q Square Consultants · Pedelec – the Trojan Horse of the Bicycle Industry

notes

The Evolution of LEV-Mobility

Case Study: Netherlands © 2010 Han Goes

• • • • • •

• • •

2009 16% market share (units) 40% market share (€ value) Average retail price regular bike: € 750,Average retail price Pedelec: € 2.000,- (3 times) Average retail price remains unchanged 2010: 250.000 Pedelecs 2010: 1 million Pedelecs total bike park 2015: 450.000 Light Electric 2-wheelers

16

notes

The Future of LEV-Mobility

Case Study: Netherlands © 2010 Han Goes

• • •

• • •

• • • • •

Market Research Early consumers were forced (prosthesis): > 80 yr.

Innovators made choice outside of social norm, without leading the opinion Sparta Ion made Pedelec socially acceptable Early Adaptors made new choice within social norm, limited opinion leading Average age gradually going down: > 80 yr.  < 60 yr.

New Innovators and New Early Adaptors Ready to embrace new LEV-Mobility 2-Wheels Faster & more powerful Regardless of • Lack of Legislation • Anti LEV Lobby • Helmet, license, insurance Source Everett Rogers

17

notes

The Future of LEV-Mobility

Case Study: Netherlands © 2010 Han Goes

•

• • • • •

• •

Dutch Mobility System about to implode • Freeways • Public Transport > 75% of all Dutch people live in urban areas > 75% of all traffic movements in urban areas is < 5 km.

In some cities (a.o. Amsterdam) modal split shows new increase for bicycle mobility > 50% of all traffic movements Mental Maps define consumer’s rationale for consumption of mobility: • Within urban area LEV 2-wheeler will become preferred means of transport Huge new & additional potential for LEV-mobility (2-wheels) In the end amount of LEV sales will largely compromise the sales of bicycles

18

11

Han Goes Q Square Consultants · Pedelec – the Trojan Horse of the Bicycle Industry

notes

The Evolution of LEV-Mobility

Case Study: Japan © 2010 Han Goes

• • • • • • • • •

9 million bikes annually 70 million total bike park Japan is the craddle of Pedelec (1989) Stable sales between 150.000 ~ 200.000 2008: 300.000 Pedelecs 2009: 450.000 Pedelecs 2011: 1.000.000 Pedelecs Average retail price regular bike: € 80,Average retail price regular Pedelec: € 1.000,- (12 times)

19

notes

The Future of LEV-Mobility

Case Study: Japan © 2010 Han Goes

• • •

• • • • • •

Market Research Early consumers were forced (prosthesis): > 60+ Innovators made choice outside of social norm, without leading the opinion In 2008 Japanese legislation for Pedelecs was modified 1:1 support ratio changed into 1:2 support ratio New Innovators and New Early Adaptors: 30 ~ 40 Ready to embrace new LEV-Mobility and leading the opinion 2-Wheels Faster & more powerful

Source Everett Rogers

20

notes

The Future of LEV-Mobility

What does the Consumer really want? © 2010 Han Goes

• • • • •

Fun Trendy & Hip Comfort Convenience Modern Design Language

21

12

Han Goes Q Square Consultants · Pedelec – the Trojan Horse of the Bicycle Industry

notes

The Future of LEV-Mobility

What does the Consumer really want? © 2010 Han Goes

• •

In densely populated areas > 75% of all traffic movements < 5 km.

Therefore smart, modern, demanding consumers look for: • Personal & compact mobility • Clean mobility, that is at the same time: • highly functional (door to door transport) • fun to ride • “No-Sweat” fitness & exercise • Electric mobility • Modern styling (automotive) • Light weight (< 30 kg.)

• Easy to manoeuvre • Easy to handle • Easy to park • Easy to lift • Easy and flexible to use • Dedicated, adjusted to the distance to be covered 22

notes

The Future of LEV-Mobility

What does the Consumer really want? © 2010 Han Goes

PHYSICAL SPECS • Footprint < 1 m2 • Weight < 30 kg. (handling / manoeuvrability) • Door to door flexibility (parking / lifting) • Range > 40 km. (1 full day trips) • Max. speed less important (25 ~ 30 km./h.)

• Max. torque more > 40 Nm. • Max. power > 250 Watt •

 LEV 2-Wheelers

23

notes

The Future of LEV-Mobility

Consumer related Future Developments for LEV’s © 2010 Han Goes

1. PEDELECS = Pedal Assist, < 25 km./h., < 250 Watt

24

13

Han Goes Q Square Consultants · Pedelec – the Trojan Horse of the Bicycle Industry

notes

The Future of LEV-Mobility

Consumer related Future Developments for LEV’s © 2010 Han Goes

2. POWER-ON-DEMAND E-BIKES = Pedal & Throttle Assist, < 30 km./h., < 500 Watt

25

notes

The Future of LEV-Mobility

Consumer related Future Developments for LEV’s © 2010 Han Goes

3. LIGHT ELECTRIC SCOOTERS = Throttle Assist only, < 35 km./h., > 500 Watt

26

notes

The Future of LEV-Mobility

Consumer related Future Developments for LEV’s © 2010 Han Goes

• • •

1.

3.

5.

75% of all traffic movements in metropolitan areas is within a range of 5 to 10 km.

Consumers will clearly and massively opt for Light Electric 2-Wheelers in 3 overlapping categories: Pedelecs = • Pedal Assist, < 25 km./h., < 250 Watt Power-On-Demand E-bikes = • Pedal & Throttle Assist, < 32 km./h., < 500 Watt Light Electric Scooters = • Throttle Assist, < 35 km./h., > 500 Watt

27

14

Han Goes Q Square Consultants · Pedelec – the Trojan Horse of the Bicycle Industry

notes

The Future of LEV-Mobility

Europe’s (EU 27) mid term potential for LEV’s © 2010 Han Goes

• • • •

• • •

20 million bikes annually sold 2008: 300.000 Pedelecs & E-bikes 2009: 450.000 Pedelecs & E-bikes 2010: 700.000 Pedelecs & E-bikes Based on qualitative and quantitative consumer market research in Germany & Holland Mid Term potential in EU: 2015 – 2020: potentially 1/3 LEV’s = 6,6 million p/y • 1/3 Pedelecs = 2,2 million p/y • 1/3 Power-on-Demand E-bikes = 2,2 million p/y • 1/3 Light Electric Scooters = 2,2 million p/y • • •

*** General increase cycling and 2-wheeler usage not yet included!!! *** Consumers changing over from Gas Powered 2-wheelers to LEV-2-Wheelers not yet included!!! *** All time high of 2,7 million Gas Powered 2-Wheelers in 2007, rapidly decreasing to 1,7 million in 2009.

Further down trend predicted.

28

notes

The Future of LEV-Mobility

Europe’s (EU 27) long term potential for LEV’s © 2010 Han Goes

LONG TERM 2020 – 2025 •

Smart consumer use: “distance dedicated” type of mobility consumption •

15 million bicycles annually sold (mainly trip < 5 km.)

•

15 million 2-Wheel LEV’s annually sold (mainly trip < 15 km.)

•

15 million cars annually sold (mainly trip > 15 km.)

•

*** General increase cycling and 2-wheeler usage included!!! *** Consumers changing over from Gas Powered 2-wheelers to LEV-2-Wheelers included!!!

•

29

notes

The Future of LEV-Mobility

Q&A © 2010 Han Goes

Thank you for your time and attention

30

15

Thomas Santos Innovative Mobility Automobile Pure Efficiency a LEV as part of the change in mobility

Thomas Santos Innovative Mobility Automobile Pure Efficiency – a LEV as part of the change in mobility

notes Speaker: Thomas delos Santos

CEO Innovative Mobility

Pure efficiency – a light electric vehicle as integrated solution of future mobility Thomas delos Santos t.santos@innovativemobility.com

Tel: 0176 21930257

notes

1. Thesis: electric mobility is cleaner 1. Thesis: environment 2. Thesis: customer

„Electric mobility is not automatically environmentally friendly. “

Future Mobility

Hey, Dude ! Stop polluting here! My new electric car should remain clean !

Example Colibri

Innovative Mobility

16.09.2010

2

notes

Weight is the main driver for CO2 emissions Influence of the drivers of CO2 emissions (based on Ø traffic)

17%

49%

19%

Biggest saving potential through weight reduction!

15%

16.09.2010

18

Weight

Wind resistance

Road resistance

Auxiliary consumers

Innovative Mobility

3

Thomas Santos Innovative Mobility Automobile Pure Efficiency – a LEV as part of the change in mobility

notes

CO2 comparison for different carriers CO2 emissions per passenger and kilometer Bicycle (electric) Bicycle On foot 1-person vehicle (electric) Overland bus Train traffic long-distance Tram and bus Compact car (gas) Compact car (electric) Train traffic short-distance Medium-sized vehicle (gas) Airplane long distance Airplane short distance

5 7 12 22 33 54

1. High capacity utilization 2. Low per-passengerweight

73 80 80 100 123 150 290 0

50

100

150

200 250 300 CO2 in g/km/P 4

Innovative Mobility

16.09.2010

notes

 2 keys for resourceefficient and economic mobility:

CO2 development, goals and comparison CO2 emissions per kilometer

Ø New car registration 1999 Ø New car registration 2009 EU target for 2012 EU target for 2020

180,2 154,2 130 95

Smart fortwo electric drive

119

Toyota Auris Hybrid

89

VW Polo 1.2 TDI BlueMotion

87

Smart fortwo coupé (diesel)

86

1-person electric vehicle

TOP 3 most efficient cars

22 CO2 in g/km Innovative Mobility

16.09.2010

notes

5

2. Thesis: electric mobility means sacrifice 1. Thesis: environment

„ Electric mobility implies to give up comfort.“

2. Thesis: customer

Future Mobility Example Colibri

16.09.2010

Great, that you are a role model – even if your previous car was more spacious and the battery technology is not quite mature yet...

Innovative Mobility

6

19

Thomas Santos Innovative Mobility Automobile Pure Efficiency – a LEV as part of the change in mobility

notes

Most important purchasing criteria Safety Costs

62%

Comfort

Speed

Mitsubischi i-Miev ~ 33.000 €

73%

Suitability for daily use

Environmental aspects

Peugeot Hymotion 3 No crash protection

78%

Renault Twizy Bad weather protect

45%

Loremo Little space p. P.

40%

Nissan Leaf 122g CO2/km

31%

City El Max. 63 km/h

Conceptional errors noticable!  Customer not main focus 7

Innovative Mobility

16.09.2010

notes

Acceptable charging time 50% Below two hours <

40%

> Above two hours

30% On the way

20%

At home

10% 0% 5 min

15 min

30 min

1h

2h

6h RenaultTwizy

No known vehicle can be charged within 2 hours on a normal household socket!

CityEl Smart ED

longer Nissan Leaf Mitsubishi i-Miev Citroen C1 EV 8

Innovative Mobility

16.09.2010

notes

Future mobility Future mobility

1. Thesis: environment 2. Thesis: customer

Future Mobility

Environment

Customer

High capacity utilization

Safety, suitability for daily use, comfort, design, luggage space

Example Colibri

Low consumption

Low costs

Good cruising range

Low weight

16.09.2010

20

Innovative Mobility

Small battery

Short charging time

Acceleration

Fun to drive 9

Thomas Santos Innovative Mobility Automobile Pure Efficiency – a LEV as part of the change in mobility

notes

Convincing design 1. Thesis: environment

EXPRESSIVE ― SPORTIVE ― FASHIONABLE

2. Thesis: customer

Future Mobility Example Colibri

notes

10

Innovative Mobility

16.09.2010

USPs and technology overview  Passing of the NCAP-Crashtest for regular cars even if not required by law  sportive driving characteristics  240 l compartement, sufficent for 3 crates and a bag  Innovative, intuitive steering and control concept

 120 km range  Charging time 1:45 h to 100 % on a regular houshold socket  In 4 sec from 0 to 50 km/h  22 g/km CO2 with european energy mix

USPs  Purchasing price 9.900 € incl. LiFePo4 battery  Low consumption: only 0,90 € per 100 km

notes

11

Innovative Mobility

16.09.2010

High market potential for the Colibri Abstract of the market study from october 2009 (n=197)

Would you buy the Colibri?

6%

16%

34% Definitely

Conservatively calculated, the market potential is about 8%

Rather yes 44%

Rather no Certainly not

16.09.2010

Innovative Mobility

12

21

Thomas Santos Innovative Mobility Automobile Pure Efficiency – a LEV as part of the change in mobility

notes

Save mobility costs and the environment Szenario: commuter who travels every day 15 km with his second car to work (9,000 km/year)

Depreciation - €

Running costs

Congestion charge

1.000 € 2.000 € 3.000 € 4.000 € 5.000 €

Citroen C1 EV'ie Reduce mobility costs by 50% and CO2 emissions by 75%

Micro car

Colibri -1.469 € -3.225 €

13

Innovative Mobility

16.09.2010

notes

Efficient mobility for the target groups B2B Fleet operators

 Spontaneous

Service companies

 Efficient

use of an electric car in the inner city

mobility for an individual customer service

 Sixty  DB Carsharing  Car2Go

 Pizza deliveries  Nursing service  Public utilities  IT-services

B2C Hotels

 Efficient on-

site mobility for mainly business hotel guests

Commuters

 Individual

Individualists

 Motivation is

mobility mainly as second or third car

technoloy, lifestyle or ecology

Innovative Mobility

16.09.2010

14

notes

Who is Innovative Mobility?

(Supplier) Industry & development service

Customer & market

Market-oriented product development & Electro mobility consulting Research and development

Mobility research

We can still offer a investment opportunity for a co-investor who wants to invest 800.000€.

16.09.2010

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Innovative Mobility

15

Thomas Santos Innovative Mobility Automobile Pure Efficiency – a LEV as part of the change in mobility

notes

Thomas delos Santos t.santos@innovativemobility.com Tel: 0176 21930257

Questions & Answers Thomas delos Santos t.santos@innovativemobility.com

Tel: 0176 21930257

notes

Sales according to the target groups Target groups and sales channel mix   

Market entry: 2013 in London Market objective: medium term 10.000 units per year Service strategy: cooperation with authorized dealers and independent garages

Flagshipstores

Companies Commuters

Internet

Individualists

17

Innovative Mobility

16.09.2010

notes

Sales force

Dealers

The market entry in comparison Smiles AG City El

~13.500€

Aixam Mega City

~16.000€

Aptera 2e

~30.000€

Peugeot Hymotion 3

~10.000€

Reva NXR

~22.000€

Tazzari Zero

~24.000€

Mercedes Smart ED

~22.500€

Loremo

~25.000€

Innovative Mobility Colibri

9.900€

Nissan Land Glider

~16.000€

Peugeot BB1

~19.000€

Renault Twizy

~11.500€

2008 16.09.2010

2009

2010

2011

Innovative Mobility

2012

2013

2014

2015 18

23

Thomas Santos Innovative Mobility Automobile Pure Efficiency – a LEV as part of the change in mobility

notes

The technology is sophisticated Dimension Seats Doors Measures(LxWxH) Weight Permitted total weight Trunk volume Wheel Tyre Homologation class

Single seat Three doors 2500x1050x1300 mm 260 kg 410 kg 240 l 16 in.

80/70-16 L7e

Performance Cruising range Motor Power Maximum torque Acceleration from 0 to 50 km/h Maximum speed Drag (CwA) Consumption

120 km Electric Twin Drive 11 kw 40 Nm 4,8 s or 5,3 s (100 km/h version) 85 km/h or 100 km/h 0,31 m² 3,5 kwh/100 km Innovative Mobility

16.09.2010

19

notes

The technology is sophisticated Battery Battery type Charging time at 400 V to 80% Charging time at 220 V to 100% Number of load cycles at 80% DOD Weight Capacity Operating voltage

Lithium-Iron-Phosphat 15 min 105 min 1500 (equals ~180.000 km) 50 kg 4,3 kWh 72 V

Interior & Exterior Frame Suspension front and back Steering Doors Body shell Glazing Seat Safety

Aluminium/ Magnesium Independent wheel suspension Progressive PSS steering Upward swing door Polyurethane Polycarbonate Lightweight seat with lifting mechanism Energy absorbent foam

Price

From 9.900 €

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Innovative Mobility

20

Hannes Neupert HNC The Electrification of the Bicycle Industry

Hannes Neupert HNC 路 The Electrification of the Bicycle Industry

notes

The Electronification of the Bicycle Industry

LEV Conference, Intermot, Cologne, Germany 4 - 5 October 2010 Hannes Neupert President ExtraEnergy e.V. Cashier EnergyBus e.V. Industrial Designer, Consultant

notes

Content: - Introduction - Definition of the bicycle-pedelec difference - Lessons which we can learn from other products - Theory on market share based on observation - Conclusion

notes

Introduction Hannes Neupert, Solar car racing since 1985, Since 1992 working only on electric bicycle tests, since 2001 focus on battery safety and connectivity.

26

Hannes Neupert HNC 路 The Electrification of the Bicycle Industry

notes

Introduction

ExtraEnergy e.V. is an independent non-profit organization, headquartered in Tanna, Germany. Its aim is to promote the use of Light-Electric-Vehicles (LEVs), i.e. pedelecs and e-bikes by conducting independent testing, organizing conferences and e-mobility exhibitions on tradeshows as well as providing customers, industry and media with impartial information on LEVs.

notes

Introduction

EnergyBus e.V. is a non-profit organization of industry members headquartered in Tanna, Germany. It develops a standard for all electrical components of LEVs, consisting of a common connector family and communication protocol.

Its use in the LEV market will allow for example hassle free public charging and global service.

notes

Definition of the bicycle-pedelec difference First, we must understand that the Pedelec is only one subgropup of the LEV market opening ahead of us.

27

Hannes Neupert HNC · The Electrification of the Bicycle Industry

notes

LEV Definition - 4 subcategories: 7

Muscle Electric Hybrid Vehicles

Light Electric Vehicle (LEV) Definition

Pedelec

Pure Light Electric Vehicles

E-Bike

Pure Electric Sports and Leisure Vehicles

Pure Electric Work Assist Vehicles

notes

The pedelec is a bicycle with additional functionalities, which make it more useful and applicable for many customers.

In general, it remains a bicycle and is replacing bicycle usage as well as other means of transport like cars and public transport.

notes

Little difference - big impact: Two key additional functions: - Hill remover - Removal of weaker self, i.e. human inner resistance to do a bike ride by removing not so nice aspects of cycling like sweating.

28

Hannes Neupert HNC · The Electrification of the Bicycle Industry

notes

Pedelec users cycle more

Observations show that pedelec owners cycle usually much more and more frequently and choose more often the „bicycle“ as other means of transportation.

Many people are surprised - but there are many reasons why it should not be surprising!

notes

Fact no 1: The Human is a lazy animal!

Watch stairs and escalators in any city in the world - and you will find the proof!

An average of only 2% of the humans walk up stairs, if the escalator is not over crowded!

So 98 % of humans are potential pedelec riders!

notes

Example Germany - Netherlands: Germany

Netherlands

Bicycle Ownership per Person (Bicycles)

0,76

1,15

Average daily usage (km)

0,8

3

Average sold Bicylces per Year (Million)

4,3

1,6

Expected Sales of Pedelecs 2010 (units)

230.000

230.000

The German market has a huge potential for growth!

In Absolute numbers of sold Pedelec as well in daily distance of bicycle usage.

29

Hannes Neupert HNC · The Electrification of the Bicycle Industry

notes

General phenomenon of „Electrification“ As it has happened to many other products before it will happen to the bicycle as well - the virus of „electronification“ will kill the mechanical bicycle within a few years like it has killed many other mechanical products before.

notes

Dead: The mechanical washing machine

notes

Dead: The mechanical music record:

MP3

30

Hannes Neupert HNC 路 The Electrification of the Bicycle Industry

notes

Dead: The mechanical record player:

notes

Dead: The mechanical car:

notes

Dead: The mechanical typewriter:

31

Hannes Neupert HNC 路 The Electrification of the Bicycle Industry

notes

Dead: The mechanical camera:

notes

Dead: The mechanical telephone:

notes

The 3 Rules of Electronification:

A) Much more customers due to more applications based on the software driven features - ranges factor 3-30 B) Much higher pricing due to higher user value ranges between factor 3-4 C) Much shorter usage cycles due to faster development cycles which are creating replacement wishes by the customer who wants the latest features

32

Hannes Neupert HNC 路 The Electrification of the Bicycle Industry

notes

Recheck of the price increase Theory: 0

500

1000 1500

Pedelecs MTB suspension Speciality bicycles Roadracers MTB no suspension Terkingbikes Foldingbikes

Pedelec 1685 Euro price increase factor 3,25

ATB Citybikes Children bicycles

Citybike 517 Euro 2007

2008

notes

What will be the Price for a full suspension Pedelec MTB? 0

500

1000

1500

Pedelecs MTB suspension Speciality bicycles Roadracers MTB no suspension Terkingbikes Foldingbikes ATB Citybikes Children bicycles

2007

2000

2008

notes

Vision: Future Bicycle = Pedelec!

I believe that the Pedelec as an electronic counterpart of the bicycle will dominate the bicycle market in the near future, due to so many more options and features which can never be realized by a mechanical solution!

Bicycles will be cannibalized in new vehicle sales to a minor exclusive fraction. They will remain as historical, iconic items hanging on the wall and being decoration element in the corner to collect dust.

33

Hannes Neupert HNC 路 The Electrification of the Bicycle Industry

notes

Thank you very much for your attention!

Please visit as well: www.ExtraEnergy.org www.BATSO.org www.EnergyBus.org www.LEVConference.org www.GoPedelec.eu Hannes Neupert ExtraEnergy e.V. Koskauer Str 100 07922 Tanna/Th眉ringen info@ExtraEnergy.org Tel: 036646-27094

34

Bin Min Linâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; ITRI Government support

Bin Min Lin ITRI · Government support

notes

LEV Conference 2010 Koln

The Government Support in LEV Industries in Taiwan Industrial Technology Research Institute Material and Chemical Research Lab. 林炳明 Bing Ming Lin bmlin@itri.org.tw

4/Oct./2010

1

Copyright 2010 ITRI 工業技術研究院

notes

Contents ‧ Review of the promotion activities of electric scooter in Taiwan – Electric motorcycle subsidy program – Test status – Promotion status ‧ Light or small light? ‧ Battery detachable or fixed? ‧ Swap or quick charge station?

‧ Pedelec and E-bike ‧ Perspective Copyright 2010 ITRI 工業技術研究院

2

notes

Category of Taiwan Light EV  (Heavy)

– Large heavy motorcycle (displacement>250cc) ‧ output>40hp if electric

– Regular heavy motorcycle(50cc<displacement≦250cc) ‧ For motor and controller output>5hp and ≦40hp if electric

 Light motorcycle(displacement≦50cc) – Regular light (electric) motorcycle – Small light electric motorcycle

 Low speed vehicle

– Electric bike – Electric assisted bike

Copyright 2010 ITRI 工業技術研究院

36

3

Bin Min Lin ITRI · Government support

notes

Category of Light electric motorcycle

Power/speed/weight/ dimension Regular light

Small light

Other regulation

‧ 1.34hp<power≤5hp ‧ power<1.34hp and >45kph ‧ L≦2.5m，W≦1.3m，H≦2m

‧ Driving license/insurance ‧ Safety helmet ‧ Certification , license badge ‧ Carry person allowed，max cargo 50kg

‧ ‧ ‧ ‧ ‧ ‧

‧ Power cut off within 3 sec if>45kph，if mal-function, and if brake ‧ Driving license/insurance ‧ Safety helmet ‧ Certification , license badge ‧ Not allowed to carry person，max cargo 20kg

power<1.34hp < 45kph ≦ 70kg（including battery） L≦2.5m，W≦1m，H≦2m Tier dia.>300mm，≦420mm Tier width>75mm，≦100mm

4

Copyright 2010 ITRI 工業技術研究院

notes

Category of Low speed vehicle

Electric bike

Electric assisted bike

Power/speed/weight/ dimension

Other regulation

<1kW <25kph <40kg（不含電池） L≦2.5m，W≦1m，L≦2m Handle not fordable or adjustable ‧ Min height of saddle>60cm ‧ Tier dia.>300mm，≦420mm ‧ Tier width>75mm，≦100mm

‧ Battery nominal voltage < 48V ‧ Power cut off within 3 sec if over speed、 brake or mal-function ‧ Stand durability, frame fatigue stiffness ‧ Speed meter, light and EMC will be regulated from 2012 ‧ Driving license not required ‧ Safety helmet not mandate ‧ Certification, and stick ‧ Carry person not allowed

‧ ‧ ‧ ‧

‧ Battery nominal voltage < 48V ‧ Power cut off within 3 sec if over speed、 brake or mal-function ‧ Driving license and badge not required ‧ Safety helmet not mandate ‧ Certification, and stick

‧ ‧ ‧ ‧ ‧

<400W <25kph <40kg（including battery） Comply with CNS 14126

5

Copyright 2010 ITRI 工業技術研究院

notes

Electric motorcycle subsidy program （announced in 2009/05）

• Electric motorcycle to be subsidized requires: – – – –

Adopt detachable lithium battery pack, nominal voltage 48V Fixed battery pack will be acceptable in the new revised program Acquire vehicle type approval certified by MOTC Pass performance and safety standard test

• Subsidy amount

– Two categories：NTD8000/11000 – Additional reward if sale quantity over prescribed number – Subsidy for charge station set up：Max amount of NTD100000 per station

• Approval of the application requires：

– Capability of after service and maintenance, planning of refueling system – Business plan including: • Projected sales amount、warranty condition、promotion program etc.

• Regular and irregular inspection of the product – Conformability inspection and factory examination

• End of program: 2012 (will be postponed till 2013) Copyright 2010 ITRI 工業技術研究院

6

37

Bin Min Lin ITRI · Government support

notes

Performance and safety criteria (original) Items

Light （Small light）category standard

Safety Climbing ability

vehicle

Over 10km/h at 18％（12％）gradient

Max. speed

Over 50（30）km/h

Acceleration

From 0 to 100m, within 12sec（from 0 to 50m, within 9sec）

Driving range

Over 40（30）km under city driving pattern

Durability Battery capacity indication

EMC Battery module

Comply with TES-0A-10-01 “Specific safety requirement for electric motorcycles”

Safety Weight

Charge system

After accelerated deteriorate driving test for 5,000 (3000) km without major failure, driving range shall retain 85% of initial test result At least additional 2km driving range before and after durability test when low level warning of residual capacity occurs Comply with TES-0A-07-01 EMC test methods for electric motorcycle Comply with TES-0A-08-01 “Safety guide rules of detachable battery module” Comply withTES-0B-01-01 “Methods of secondary lithium-ion battery safety test ” Under 10kg for a single module Comply with TES-0A-09-01 “Safety guide rules of charge system” 7

Copyright 2010 ITRI 工業技術研究院

notes

Performance and safety criteria (new version) Items

Light （Small light）category standard

Safety Climbing ability

vehicle

Over 10km/h at 18％（12％）gradient

Max. speed

Over 45（30）km/h

Acceleration

From 0 to 100m, within 12sec（from 0 to 50m, within 9sec）

Driving range

Over 30（30）km under city driving pattern

Durability Battery capacity indication

EMC Battery module

Comply with TES-0A-10-01 “Specific safety requirement for electric motorcycles”

Safety Weight

Charge system

After accelerated deteriorate driving test for 3,500 (2,300) km without major failure At least additional 2km driving range when low level warning of residual capacity occurs Comply with TES-0A-07-01 EMC test methods for electric motorcycle Comply with TES-0A-08-01 “Safety guide rules of detachable (or fixed) battery module” Comply withTES-0B-01-01 “Methods of secondary lithium-ion battery safety test ” Under 10kg for a detachable single module Comply with TES-0A-09-01 “Safety guide rules of charge system” 8

Copyright 2010 ITRI 工業技術研究院

聯合測試實驗室

Test procedure and test org.

Battery test

Vehicle test

Charge system test

ITRI Pre-test

ARTC

•Max. speed •Acceleration •Climbing ability •Driving range •EMC •Specific safety •Durability •Residual capacity indication

Battery safe test ITRI •Over charge •Short circuit •Partial short circuit •crush

• • • • •

ETC shock drop vibration Low pressure Temperature cycle

Detachable safety requirement • • • • •

Label and mechanical Contact durability Potential resistance Insulation ESD

ETC •Label and mechanical •discharge •Space and interval •Plug and unplug •IP55 of inlet •Temperature rise •shock •Roll over •Grounding •Potential endurance •Insulation •Contact current •Label endurance •EMC

ARTC: Automotive Research & Testing Center ETC: Electronics Testing Center MCL: Material and Chemical Research Laboratories Copyright 2010 ITRI 工業技術研究院

38

9

notes

Bin Min Lin ITRI · Government support

notes

Examine system and procedure Executive committee （decision & superintend） Technology group

Program office （logistic）

As assistance to

（technology consultancy and technical assessment）

Project implement （promotion）

Test lab. （TES test standard）

to aid

test

to apply

Vehicle makers／battery makers 10

Copyright 2010 ITRI 工業技術研究院

notes

Test status ‧ Battery safety and vehicle EMC seem to be the toughest test items, it took longer time than expected: – Uneasy to pass：battery crush、over charge、vibration – 1st vehicle took six months to get certification

‧ TES test standards were reviewed and modified, revised version has been announced. ‧ Another three models are registered for test ‧ All related standard are being promoted to be CNS.

11

Copyright 2010 ITRI 工業技術研究院

notes

Four scooters have been approved There are already over 1000 scooters sold and subsidized

E-TON e-MO EV3A

CMC EM198

Stick label for scooter

KYMCO EA10BB Copyright 2010 ITRI 工業技術研究院

SYM e-star EA1LU 12

39

Bin Min Lin ITRI · Government support

notes

Promotion status

Scenario-light or small light? ‧

Battery remains as the key component:

‧

A Light scooter with two battery systems however, difficult to define it is lead acid or lithium battery scooter:

‧ ‧

– Weight limit and cost concern, almost no one is willing to develop light category scooter.

– Hard to reach common ground of warranty condition of battery pack between battery and vehicle makers – Performance cost ratio, battery business model need time to be justified.

– Energy coming out from lithium battery needs to exceed 50% of total energy output

Criteria of 10kg battery weight limit, 40km range and 50kph speed is considered the barrier for light scooter to cross.

Is small light scooter marketable?

– Electric bike has lower technical barrier and NTD3000 subsidy, is dominating the market currently

13

Copyright 2010 ITRI 工業技術研究院

notes

Promotion status

scenario-battery detachable or fixed? ‧

Detachable battery has weight limit and safety concern, fixed battery type motorcycle is reconsidered subsidized： – – – – – –

Fixed battery lower the risk of being dropped, disassembled, shorted Heavier and hence higher vehicle performance—“light motorcycle” Easier and more reliable connection and fastening Easier packaging, cost saving Require only one charger（detachable system might need two） Main drawbacks—require charge infra., un-swappable~range limited

‧

Definition of fixed battery：

‧

Re-define detachable battery：

‧

Subsidiary program has been revised to accept fixed battery

– Unable to be detached without tools, can be charged only on-board – Can be detached without tools and charged off-board

14

Copyright 2010 ITRI 工業技術研究院

notes

Scenario-

swap or quick charge station I ?

Traditional swap scenario ‧ Common battery ‧ Swap station with charge function ‧ Refuel either at home or swap station ‧ Require business model to overcome: -information change between different makers -product differentiation

‧ Step by step:

-start from one company on its own model -the battery adopted by multi-company -start from common charge interface -demonstration program organized by government first

Copyright 2010 ITRI 工業技術研究院

40

Innovated swap scenario ‧ Each scooter maker has its own exchange system, only few packs prepared for exchange in service store ‧ Consumer charge at home normally, exchange the pack only by emergency ‧ Swap station for swap only, batteries are collected, delivered and charged by managing center. ‧ Swap station takes care of swap and charge, battery can not be charged at home. ‧ Swap the light lithium battery only for dual battery system motorcycle

15

Bin Min Lin ITRI · Government support

notes

Swap station/point

Information from：City Power, HT energy, Inskey Energy

16

Copyright 2010 ITRI 工業技術研究院

notes

Quick charge station A charge station set up in the university for electric scooter

‧ Directly coupled with PV power during day time ‧ 500W charge supply 0.5~1C charge current

Information from：Chung Cheng University, JS Power

17

Copyright 2010 ITRI 工業技術研究院

notes

Scenario-

swap or quick charge station II ? ‧ Swap system faces sophisticated technical and commercial integration: – Weight is a critical issue, swap is not an easy job.

– Difficult to get common battery spec. ‧ ‧ ‧ ‧ ‧

voltage：48 V capacity：>640 Wh dimension (L × W) ： 140×170, 120×200 (two options) weight：<10 Kg Communication interface：CAN BUS

– Smaller pack swapped by consumer, larger pack swapped by professional

‧ Is quick charge an option？

– Operation time, battery acceptance, standard charging plug, higher charging station density than swap station

‧ Require study in depth and real demonstration fleet to get precise strategy Copyright 2010 ITRI 工業技術研究院

18

41

Bin Min Lin ITRI · Government support

notes

E-bike and Pedelec

‧ 69 pedelec models by 34 makers approved to be subsidized ‧ 44 e-bike models by 24 makers approved to be subsidized

(All makers’ name)

Information from: website of Environmental Protection Administration 19

Copyright 2010 ITRI 工業技術研究院

notes

Pedelecs

About 30000 pedelecs were subsidized since 2006

Pedelec been subsidized

12000 10000

Giant Lafree EA-333 Number

8000

KENFA E6-168

6000 4000 2000

Giant Lafree EA-600

PAN TEC 捷豹 P-20B

0 2006

2007

EZbike EZ-i-bike-F20

2008 Year

2009

2010 upto Jul only

PHET SFB-18

DK CITY DB0

DK ＣITY EZ pro EZF1000 20

Copyright 2010 ITRI 工業技術研究院

notes

E-bikes ‧ Some typical models get certification and NT$3000 subsidy  Since Jul. 2009, there are 3833 sets subsidized

‧ Some models are not certified considered illegal on road

Giant Momentum EB152

金牌 EVA-4812

KYMCO EA10BC

Meibruce美博士 MD-1

GET綠鎛 GM-1

金牌 Happy Go

Locovei可愛馬 V-Leo

FPE飛寶 FP-S500

Information: EPA and website of makers Copyright 2010 ITRI 工業技術研究院

42

21

Alex Thusbassâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; Kucher & Thusbass Market segmentation

Hannes Neupert ExtraEnergy & EnergyBus · Market segmentation

notes

Market Segmentation One Pedelec for all?

LEV Conference Intermot Cologne 4.-5th of October 2010 Hannes Neupert President ExtraEnergy e.V. Treasurer EnergyBus e.V. Industrial Designer, independent consultant

notes

Content

• Why different Bicycle Types?

• Who needs / wants a Pedelec?

• Sorting Pedelecs by Customer Whishes?

• The Key Customer Groups 2010!

• Implementation of the Marketsegmentation!

notes

Why different Bicycle Types?

What is PEDELEC FINDER An international pedelec database

• Comprehensive product information on each vehicle • Covers all products tested by ExtraEnergy • Includes product information given by the manufacturers

The most comprehensive online research tool • Detailed preselection of search citeria • Target group related search • Personal user profile finds best choice for each customer

A competent product guide

To the benefit of: • Consumers to find the product that meets their needs best • Industry, dealers, press, cities & regions, researchers to study the market • Manufacturers to market their products

44

Hannes Neupert ExtraEnergy & EnergyBus 路 Market segmentation

notes

Why Different Bicycle Types?

Stupid Question!

Since Customers have so many different requirements and wishes!

notes

Why Different Pedelec Types?

Still many bicycle makers and stores thought until recently that one Pedelec type would be enough to cover the whole market!

Stupid!

notes

Common Opinion until recently:

Pedelecs are only for: old, weak, overweight, disabled = uncool people!

This opinion was leading to the one size fits all strategy!

Even ExtraEnergy published 1999 the first target group matrix!

45

Hannes Neupert ExtraEnergy & EnergyBus 路 Market segmentation

notes

Who needs / wants a Pedelec?

ExtraEnergy introduced 1999 the theory that a Pedelec can be useful for every target group including sportive applications!

At that time this has been a very theoretical approach.

But based on the QFD Methodology Frieder Herb of ExtraEnergy has pointed out how to combine customer requirements and technical specification. Something basic in the car Industry since the 1970s when Invented by Joji Akao.

notes

Sorting Pedelecs by Customer Wishes: For the tests ExtraEnergy started to work on a methodology to sort the tested Pedelecs by customer wishes in 1999.

notes

QFD Methodology applied to Pedelecs: Customer wishes have been translated to product specifications.

46

Hannes Neupert ExtraEnergy & EnergyBus 路 Market segmentation

notes

The Key Customer Groups 2010 URBAN

Easy

COMFORT

Business

Folding

LEISURE

Tour

CityComfort

Classic

Reha

TRANSPORT

Sport

Wellness

Family

Utility

notes

QFD based Test selection implemented 2010:

notes

Customers can find their Segment by answering 5 easy Questions: 1. Where do you normally ride?

4. How much do you normally carry

2. How much comfort do you need?

5. Do you need to carry your vehicle

3. What is your typical speed?

Product recomendation based on QFD Methode!

47

Hannes Neupert ExtraEnergy & EnergyBus 路 Market segmentation

notes

The Customer Groups by Sinus:

notes

Currently the market is just explored in some segments.

No Manufacturer is jet catering all customer requirements!

notes

Implementation of the Market Segmentation!

Only two LEV manufacturers / companies in the world market have been jet working on a full customer wish driven product portfolio.

A) Industrial Designer Guido Golling has developed such a product range for the german dealer network ZEG

48

Hannes Neupert ExtraEnergy & EnergyBus 路 Market segmentation

notes B) Industrial designers Alex Thusbass and Lutz Kucher have developed in a record timeline for Winora a complete product range with no target group overlapping. This is the first time in the world such a product portfolio was developed.

For me it was the biggest show stopper at Eurobike even it was not as spectacular as many other individual prototypes.

notes B) Guido Golling has developt such a product range for the german dealer network ZEG

notes B) Guido Golling has developt such a product range for the german dealer network ZEG

49

Hannes Neupert ExtraEnergy & EnergyBus 路 Market segmentation

notes

The Chance for the Bicycle Industry Have the full range and fulfill the customer wishes by a modular approach!

Other players may pick single target groups.

notes

Thank you for your attention every cycle customer = a single pedelec specification wish

50

Ulrich Prediger Leaserad Leasing Concept

Ulrich Prediger Leaserad · Leasing Concept

notes

Bicycle Leasing for companies, municipalities and institutions

About LeaseRad

notes

• 2008 founded in the „Green City“ Freiburg • provide alternative solution for corporate mobility („Corporate Bicycle Fleets“) • service provider for cost saving, climate protection and health • our customers:  companies

 public authorities  organisations  bicycle Manufacturers  cycling travel companies

Bicycle Leasing The future of mobility:

„E-Bikes between € 2000 - 3000 offer a better margin in Germany than that of compact cars“  car industry is carefully looking into bike business* *Bike Europe, Sept 2010 - Willy Nitschke, Volkswagen LeaseRad GmbH, Cologne, Oct - 2010

52

notes

Ulrich Prediger Leaserad · Leasing Concept

notes

Bicycle Leasing The future of commuting:

 electric Bikes are faster than cars in urban areas for distances up to 9 km

 travelling by car in cities gets more and more expensive  finding parking spots is intensively time consuming  fun and fresh air are pleasing side effects LeaseRad GmbH, Cologne, Oct - 2010

notes

Bicycle Leasing The future of urban goods traffic?

 cargo bikes are the fastest alternative to transport goods up to 100 kg in urban areas!  high quality e-cargo bikes are high-priced – leasing makes them affordable!

LeaseRad GmbH, Cologne, Oct - 2010

notes

Bicycle Leasing Advantages 1 •

bike leasing saves up to 90% of conventional car-leasing costs

•

a tax deductible business expense: leased e-bikes and fleet equipment are tax deductible and can be set against business tax

•

we are working on a change of regulation so that employees do not have to pay income taxes when they use the e-bike for commuting or other private purposes

•

high quality e-bikes are expensive  leasing means pay for use!

•

corporate social responsibility : commuting by bike means a real reduction in personal and corporate carbon footprint – customers will appreciate it!

LeaseRad GmbH, Cologne, Oct - 2010

53

Ulrich Prediger Leaserad · Leasing Concept

notes

Bicycle Leasing Advantages of Leasing 2

 staff will be healthier - with less sickness absenteeism  short product-life-cycles  leasing shortens time to exchange against up to date technology  leasing is in Germany already the most succesful and best known concept to finance corporate fleets LeaseRad GmbH, Cologne, Oct - 2010

notes

Bicycle Leasing Complementary Services of LeaseRad: •

Financing/leasing service

•

complete fleetmanagement (e.g. maintenance, battery-management)

•

bicycle-branding in customers´ corporate design

•

quality management for high customer satisfaction

•

mobility consulting

•

sale of returned lease-bikes

•

insurance by

LeaseRad GmbH, Cologne, Oct - 2010

notes

Bicycle Leasing Customer  Nokia Berlin Employees of the Nokia branch office in Berlin use bicycles for the fast mobility within the city. A special feature is the design „powered by Nokia“.

-city bikes -leasing period: 24 months -full-service -insurance -leasing reate: € 47,50

LeaseRad GmbH, Cologne, Oct - 2010

54

Ulrich Prediger Leaserad · Leasing Concept

notes

Bicycle Leasing Customer  ABG Frankfurt The building society ABG in Frankfurt set up a big project with low emission apartment buildings. To ensure the green mobility of the hirer, 40 e-bikes including full-service were distributed among them.

full-service insurance subsidised project  e-bikes had to be bought

LeaseRad GmbH, Cologne, Oct - 2010

notes

Bicycle Leasing Customer  City of Stuttgart Since 2009 employees of the municipal authority enjoy the relaxed driving with e-bikes around the demanding hilly terrain of the capital of BadenWürttemberg. city e-bikes leasing period: 24 months no service no insurance Leasing rate: € 59,-

LeaseRad GmbH, Cologne, Oct - 2010

notes

Bicycle Leasing Customer  municipality Bad Wildbad Tourists can rent e-bikes at the top of the Sommerbergbahn to explore the black forest without too much effort.

comfort e-bikes leasing period: 24 months no service no insurance Leasing rate: € 73,-

LeaseRad GmbH, Cologne, Oct - 2010

55

Ulrich Prediger Leaserad · Leasing Concept

notes

Bicycle Leasing Customer  hotel Frankfurt As a special offer guests of the „Hotel Villa Orange“ in Frankfurt can explore the city-center with chique and trendy e-bikes. comfort e-bikes leasing period: 24 months full-service no insurance Leasing rate: € 96,20

LeaseRad GmbH, Cologne, Oct - 2010

Bicycle Leasing

notes

Some of our partners/customers

LeaseRad GmbH, Cologne, Oct - 2010

Bicycle Leasing Our concept of sustainable mobility has already won several prestigious awards!

LeaseRad GmbH, Cologne, Oct - 2010

56

notes

Ulrich Prediger Leaserad · Leasing Concept

notes

Contact

Any questions?  Please feel free to ask!

LeaseRad GmbH Zähringerstraße 355 D-79108 Freiburg Tel.: +49 (0) 761 7010 484 Fax: +49 (0) 761 7010 489 Email: info@leaserad.de Web: www.leaserad.de

LeaseRad GmbH, Cologne, Oct - 2010

57

Stefan Lippert ID Bike – ELMOTO GmbH Sales options

Stefan Lippert ID Bike â&#x20AC;&#x201C; ELMOTO GmbH ¡ Sales options

notes

notes

LEV Conference ID-BIKE GmbH 4.10.2010

notes

Remarkeable Startup during the last 30 month Low Budget Leading Product in the L1e Segment Design Development European homologation Own production Key sales projects Distributors Dealers Shop

60

Stefan Lippert ID Bike – ELMOTO GmbH · Sales options

notes

Early recognition of market chances Existing know how German Production Early Sales Start 2009 Up to now 2000 units of one kind sold Leading brand in D,A,CH Own segment definition

notes Lifestyle oriented Design Reliable Technology Early Market entrance Resulted in wide media presence Good Test Results Today all produced units can be sold immediately Motorrad (mit Test), 2Rad, Deutsche Welle TV, N24, NTV, Bike, Spiegel Online, FAZ, Bild, Süddeutsche Zeitung, GQ, Stuff, Stuttgarter Zeitung, Zeit Approx 20 regional Newspapers and approx 50 Onlineportals And much more

notes PRODUCT

61

Stefan Lippert ID Bike – ELMOTO GmbH · Sales options

notes ELMOTO is different – and better Special Design as an optimized light electric motorcycle All key componets are specific developments for the ELMOTO Almost all key components are manufactured in Germany All other components are delivered by leading bicycle suppliers

notes ELMOTO is different – and better

47km/h (regulated)

Special Design as an optimized light electric motorcycle

45 kg Weight

All key componets are specific developments for the ELMOTO

65 km Travelling Distance 125 kg Load Lithium-Battery 50V 25Ah

Almost all key components are manufactured in Germany All other components are delivered by leading bicycle suppliers

CNC-Aluminium-Frame

BLGL- Motor

notes COMPANY

62

Stefan Lippert ID Bike – ELMOTO GmbH · Sales options

notes

Beratung Finanzierung

ELMOTO is focussing on core competencies, supported by strong partners and suppliers

Leitung Controlling Personal

Design & Entwicklung

Design Konstruktion Prototyp

Fahrwerksauslegung Batteriemanagement

Asieneinkauf Lagerorganisation SAP

Sourcing Einkauf Logistik

Teileproduktion Produktionsplanung Betriebsstätte

Teilefertigung Vormontage Produktion Lager Qualität

Marketing Vertrieb Service

Auslieferungslager Zulassungen

notes Headquarter in Stuttgart Management Design Development Sourcing Controlling Sales Shop in E-Mobility Center Stuttgart is opening soon

notes Production in Ravensburg Warehouse Assembly Servicecenter Training Center Quality Management Logistics Actually 250 unis per month Capacity for up to 1000 unis per month

63

Stefan Lippert ID Bike – ELMOTO GmbH · Sales options

notes DEVELOPMENT

notes IPDD delivers new desings for new markets

notes Constant development in drive chain and wheelbase

64

Stefan Lippert ID Bike – ELMOTO GmbH · Sales options

notes More Elmotos coming soon

notes MARKET

notes

ELMOTO: 100% USP

65

Stefan Lippert ID Bike â&#x20AC;&#x201C; ELMOTO GmbH ¡ Sales options

/...,

Using the ELMOTO replaces using the car Alternative Solution for commuters with a travelling distance of 10 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 20 km.

Potential Market in Germany of approx 2.2m commuters

/. " $ ) &# # ) # +

# # & % +

&# 116 # /)36 +

notes

ELMOTO is the perfect hybrid solution: Stay with your favourite car Use ELMOTO whenever you like Save 10 -20 % of mobility costs immediately

# * # # - & # 0..2

notes Car companies are facing the situation, that cars will not be ready to sell in large scales before 2015 All mayor car companies present solutions for electric 2wheelers 2-wheeler electric market will be seriously developped in Europe through the next years LEVs are focus in overall electric mobility

notes

Market demand for LEV will increase, most in Europe and USA Ban of 2-wheelers with combustion engines in cities Green party in Germany already proposed such a ban for Germany with serious background Change in motorcycle market like in Asia most probable

66

Cem Ă&#x2013;zdemir

Stefan Lippert ID Bike – ELMOTO GmbH · Sales options

notes SALES

notes

2000 Units sold

notes Sales enabled by: Own sales Team and Reps 2 Step Sales Importers Shops Key Projects Exhibitions Marketing Projects 2010: 15 Trade Shows

67

Stefan Lippert ID Bike â&#x20AC;&#x201C; ELMOTO GmbH ¡ Sales options

notes Since July 4th the ELMOTO runs in a 530 units test field in Stuttgart Supported by German Government within the model regions of Germany.

Because of this fleet, we alredy have a record of 280000 km of recorded test driving Technology Service Driving Behaviour

EnBW already ordered the following set of 600 Bikes

notes

ELMOTO is the leading vehicle in new Mobility with Lifestyle, Driving Fun and Resposibility.

ELMOTO will be a Market Leader in LEV

Thank you very much.

Stefan Lippert ID-Bike GmbH Calwer Strasse 11 70173 Stuttgart 0711 3265457

68

notes

Reimar Beer Emotion-technologies lev-store

Reimar Beer Emotion-technologies · LEV-store

notes

confidential

1

Facts & figures German e-Bike market

notes

What is the right distribution channel for e-Bikes?

Analysis

6500 Bike Shops in Germany

What is the challenge for e-Bike manufacturers and new market entrants? Ø bike dealers are already bound to few suppliers Ø bike dealers are often not very efficient to cope with, ordering only small quantities Ø bike dealers are not very loyal Ø bike dealers are mostly passiv Ø bike dealers do not actively promote e-bikes as a new dimension of mobility

What is the right distribution channel for e-Bikes? Ø Main customer decision making criteria : • Competent and customer oriented expert advice • good selection of e-Bikes • test rides to experience the fascination • convenient logistics and service

confidential

2

Business Modell

notes

Vision • e-motion Technologies will become one of the most preferred partners for manufacturers and consumers in the two-wheel LEV sector Mission • We want to position us as a Partner & Expert for innovative e-mobility • We want to increase the pleasure of biking through new technologies • We want to contribute to a more sustainable life style Strategy • Conventional Sales of e-Bikes • Conceptional Sales of e-Bikes • Build up a Germany-wide Premium-Shop system

confidential

70

3

Reimar Beer Emotion-technologies · LEV-store

notes

Strategy

Company profile e-motion is one of the e-bike pioneers e-motion does not only sell e-Bikes > e-motion delivers solutions e-motion covers all fields of e-Bike mobility

B2Consumer

B2Business

B2Medical

Own e-motion Shops

Premium-Licence-Shops

Medical Mobility center

Test-ride events/Fairs/PR

Corporate-Mobility

Stationary-Reha-concept

Mobile Repair Service

Tourism-Mobility

Post-Reha-concept

Bikes&more Programm

City-Mobility

Silver Generation

confidential

notes

4

USPs

e-motion offers unique advantages to customers

Only selected premium e-Bikes for each target group Mobile Repair Service

Your e-Bike partner and expert

Bikes & more Bonus Programm

Competent experts and free test rides

Free of charge home delivery

confidential

notes

5

e-motion target groups

e-motion target groups Comfort oriented leisure time bikers (City & Tour) 70 years + x = 11 Mio. people in Germany 55 years + x = 28 Mio. people in Germany Handicapped = 4,5 Mio. people in Germany Urban Trendsetters LOHAS: Life of health and sustainability à 3,7 Mio. people in Germany (60% female / 40% male) Sportive Allrounders à 34 Mio. people in Germany do sports regularly à 3,4 Mio. (10%) might consider an sportive e-Bike as alternative City Hoppers & Campers à 40 Mio. workers / 4 Mio. bike commuters / 7 Mio. could commute as they have less than 10km to work à 4,9 Mio. German Campers confidential

6

71

Reimar Beer Emotion-technologies · LEV-store

e-Bike Portfolio

notes Our e-Bike Portfolio – the right bike for everyone

Comfort City- & Touring

City Hoppers

Urban U b Trendsetters T d tt

Sportive Allrounders

Medical Mobility

Long-Distance commuters

confidential

7

Vorteile der e-motion Lizenz-Partner

notes

e- motion Technologies Premium Shops Karlsfeld, München, Köln, Nürnberg, Donauwörth, more to come

E-Bikes, Pedelecs & more & nothing else

100% Focus on LEVs on two wheels / three wheels confidential

8

Vorteile der e-motion Lizenz-Partner

notes

e- motion Technologies Premium Shops Karlsfeld, München, Köln, Nürnberg, Donauwörth, more to come

Clean design & Test drive possibilities confidential

72

9

Reimar Beer Emotion-technologies · LEV-store

notes

Vorteile der e-motion Lizenz-Partner

e- motion Technologies Premium Shops Karlsfeld, München, Köln, Nürnberg, Donauwörth, more to come

Customers need competence and well-being when taking a >2000€ decision

Each Shop has a Service corner

confidential

notes

10

Agenda

Germany wide e-Bike Service & Logistic Centre

Free of charge home delivery

Mobile repair Service

confidential

notes

11

Test ride events / Fairs

Customers want to experience LEVs -> focus on events

confidential

12

73

Reimar Beer Emotion-technologies · LEV-store

Bikes & more referall marketing

notes

Bikes & more referral marketing lets people participate in e-Bike Boom

+

+

=

confidential

13

Agenda

notes e-motion shops also do projects with companies & institutions

confidential

14

Slogan

notes

We mainly sell „emotion with the help of „technology

confidential

74

15

Reimar Beer Emotion-technologies · LEV-store

notes

Contact

Your partner and expert for e-Bikes e-motion Technologies GmbH Rathausstrasse 79 85757 Karlsfeld / München Tel: 08131 - 271 877 0 Fax: 08131 - 271 877 1 www.emotion-technologies.de info@emotion-technologies.de Amtsgericht München - Sitz München - HRB 180420 Geschäftsführer: Winfried Karrer

confidential

16

75

Edward Benjamin eCycleElectric Consultants Sales channels trends

Edward Benjamin eCycleElectric Consultants · Sales channels trends

notes

Will Electric Bicycles Remain Bicycles?

notes

Edward Benjamin Managing Director of eCE Business Profile • Founder of eCycleElectric Consultants: 16 years studying electric bicycle industry, world wide. 40 years in bicycle industry, 16 in ebike industry, wide experience in the technology, product development, manufacturing, distribution, sales and regulation of electric bicycles, bicycles, LEVs. - Founder and Chairman of Light Electric Vehicle Association

Time View In 1997, in this town, we were struggling to be recognized as a viable niche product.

In a very short time, we have emerged at the biggest money maker in the EU bike business!

What time frame do we need to work in to be ready for 2020 and 2025?

What will the market for LEVs be in 2025?

78

notes

Edward Benjamin eCycleElectric Consultants ¡ Sales channels trends

notes

World View Electric powered two wheelers, world wide, is a much more important machine than it would appear in the USA, EU, or Japan.

Those of us in the well developed world have options â&#x20AC;&#x201C; car, metro, train, bus, etc.

But the majority of humans live in places that do not have a metro, and can not support cars, or efficient trains.

notes

World View Individual transportation, as Han Goes articulated, is a basic human requirement that all people, everywhere insist on.

Individual transport for most people has been foot, or bicycle. Cars are only reently widely available outside of USA, EU, Japan.

notes

Wealth is Increasing World wide, people are enjoying more wealth, and this brings new choices.

A consistent early choice by a human with more money, is better personal transport, with better being a matter of style, prestige, (not rational) and utility. (rational)

79

Edward Benjamin eCycleElectric Consultants · Sales channels trends

Personal Transport Today

notes

Market World Wide: Bicycles = about 130 million Light Motorcycle/Scooter = about 65 million Cars, light trucks = about 65 million

Other Transport

notes

By volume of use: Bus, Car, Metro, Train, Plane,

Pedelecs and Ebikes are Very Privileged Vehicles • No registration, no license, no insurance, no helmet, use bike path or road.

• Most regulatory issues are self certification, easy to comply with.

• Very convenient product for the manufacturer, distributor, dealer, and consumer.

80

notes

Edward Benjamin eCycleElectric Consultants · Sales channels trends

notes

Based on Bicycle Performance and Regulations • In most of the world, electric bike laws require performance and form factor that resembles normal bicycles – thus making them compatible with the laws and usage of bicycles on the roadway, bike way, and market.

• 250 watt, slow speed, rider must pedal, etc., all ideas that conform to bicycle paradigm.

notes

But, Maybe Not What Consumer Wants?

• All over the world, consumers seem to want a more powerful, more useful vehicle.

• Chinese SSEBs, Swiss speed bikes, USA POD bikes, Japan increase in power for PAS bikes, EU discussion of increase in power for EPACs and new Type Approval bikes.

notes

81

Edward Benjamin eCycleElectric Consultants · Sales channels trends

notes

notes

Clean Mobile, Flyer, Storck..

Great rides, but not your ordinary Pedelecs

• It is clear from comments at shows that even the industry guys are attracted to the more powerful bikes, and that excitement is lacking in 250 watt pedelecs.

Bicycle?

82

notes

Edward Benjamin eCycleElectric Consultants 路 Sales channels trends

notes

New Players not Bike Companies Bosch, BMW, Volkswagen, MATRA, Magna, Hero, Lenovo, Lexus Some old players are not bike companies: Yamaha, Honda, Panasonic, Sanyo,

notes

Electric Bicycles are Usually Transportation

notes

Transportation Looks Like This:

83

Edward Benjamin eCycleElectric Consultants 路 Sales channels trends

And This:

And This:

And Needs Support:

84

notes

notes

notes

Edward Benjamin eCycleElectric Consultants · Sales channels trends

notes

If Electric Bicycles are Transportation, Then: The shape, size, and power of electric bicycles must change: • Larger to carry more people and stuff.

• Faster, and longer range.

• Able to climb hills and ramps.

notes

Type Approval Vehicles are Our Future The EU already has a process for homologation of such vehicles.

They are not as privileged or as convenient as bicycles.

notes

Requirements • • • • • • •

Licensed Motor Vehicle Dealer License plate and associated taxes Driving license Insurance Helmets Age restrictions Must meet many equipment requirements.

85

Edward Benjamin eCycleElectric Consultants · Sales channels trends

Less Privileged • • • •

notes

Many standards for the vehicles.

Testing required Roadway only.

More government regulation in every level.

Lost Convenience, But Increased Sales?

notes

• The bicycle industry (world wide) is not well equipped to deal with these extra requirements.

• But it appears that the electric bicycle will evolve towards an electric moped or electric motor scooter.

• This may mean a much larger market, in terms of value, than the ebike market of today. notes

Benjamin s Prediction: • By 2025…

• Half of all bicycle sales will be electric bikes – and they will be very similar to today s bicycles. About 50 million units.

• Due to regulatory and consumer pressure, all moped, motor scooter and light motorcycle sales will be electric. About 80 million units.

86

Edward Benjamin eCycleElectric Consultants · Sales channels trends

notes

How Big? • Ignoring population growth…

• 130 million units, more than 105 billion dollars per year in electric powered two wheelers.

• Most of the value will be electric motor scooter type motor-vehicles, not bicycles.

notes

What will drive this?

• Increasing urban density – no room for parking 4 wheelers, but still needing individual transportation.

• Parking and traffic congestion making two wheelers more practical than 4 wheelers.

• Government regulation to decrease air and noise pollution and dependence on gasoline by mandating electric power.

• Fuel Price and availability

notes

Listening to the Consumers

As an industry, we don’t do much of this.

Our product managers at this time are usually bike guys with big thighs, who do not ride electric bikes.

We share shows with ICE or normal bikes.

Our biggest markets are in Asia, but we are discussing this in Europe.

The loudest voice in making these changes and affecting the commercial product speaks in Chinese.

How will we change this?

What will our product be in 2025?

87

Edward Benjamin eCycleElectric Consultants 路 Sales channels trends

notes

Questions?

Ask now, or contact us: Call 1-239-410-5187, email to ed@eCycleElectric.com or visit eCycleElectric.com

.

88

Andreas Kekediâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; SLG Rules for dangerous goods

Andreas Kekedi SLG · Rules for dangerous goods

notes

SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH

Testing of the Electrical Safety and EMC of EPAC‘s

19.10.10

notes SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH SLG GmbH

More than 45 years experience in testing ...

1962 Central Laboratory for Electrical Appliances, leading R&D centre in Eastern Germany for testing and development of household appliances 1990

Accreditation as GS test laboratory

1992

Foundation of SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH

1992

Competent Body for EMC

1993 Incorporation of the Siemens calibration laboratory Chemnitz into our accredited laboratory 1994 CE test laboratory No. 0494 1997

Branches in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Turkey.

2001

Accreditation as CB test laboratory and certification body

2010 25 national and international accreditations cooperation in >40 national and international standardization bodies 120 employees in Germany

19.10.10

copyright by SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH

2

notes SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH SLG GmbH Machinery Safety

CB test laboratory The CB scheme (IEC System for Mutual Recognition of Test Certificates) guarantees a fast and easy access to international markets. With the CB certificate and the CB test report, national test marks of other countries - which are also member of the CB scheme - can be obtained without additional tests.

GS test laboratory SLG is accredited by the German accreditation body ZLS and is entitled to test and certify technical equipment and consumer products.

CE test laboratory The test laboratory for appliance safety is notified in the EU (No. 0494) and thus entitled to issue CE declarations of conformity to back up the conformity declaration of the manufacturer.

Fitness for Use tests and Benchmarking Consumer tests and benchmarking relating to Performance, Handling and Durability according special SLG test plans.

19.10.10

90

copyright by SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH

3

Andreas Kekedi SLG · Rules for dangerous goods

notes SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH EPAC and PEDELEC Definition

... Electrically Power Assisted Cycles à Maximum continuous rated power of 250 W à Motor assistance until 25 km/h à Motor assistance available only while pedaling à Optional: Start-up assistance mode until 6 km/h à Bike registration and bike insurance not necessary à Driving license not necessary

19.10.10

copyright by SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH

4

notes SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH EPAC and PEDELEC Criteria for CE Conformity

à The EPAC is no motor vehicle like e-bikes or motor bikes à The EPAC is not a part of the directive for motor vehicles à The EPAC needs a CE sign à The EPAC needs a CE declaration of conformity

19.10.10

copyright by SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH

5

notes SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH EPAC and PEDELEC

Which directive is relevant for my product?

CE-relevant European Directives

Machinery Directive 2006/42/EG

Basic safety and health requirements

19.10.10

EMC- Directive 2004/108/EG

Trouble free operation of electronic products in electromagnetic environment

Low-Voltage Directive

Other directives

2006/95/EG

Basic safety and health requirements related to voltage and current

copyright by SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH

e.g.

Pressure, Explosion, ...

6

91

Andreas Kekedi SLG · Rules for dangerous goods

notes SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH EPAC and PEDELEC

Important requirements for the CE declaration CE-relevant

à Definition of product

European Directives

à Choice of the right directives and European standards à Choice of the right procedure to get the CE compliance à Risk assessment à Conformity reports à Technical documentation à Operating manual and safety advices à Making the CE declaration of conformity à Attaching the CE label at the product à Entry into the European market allowed à Permanently monitoring of the quality during production

19.10.10

copyright by SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH

7

notes SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH EPAC and PEDELEC CE-relevant European Directives

... Pedelec / EPAC: à EMV-Directive à Machinery Directive ... Battery charger: à EMV-Directive à Low Voltage Directive

19.10.10

copyright by SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH

8

notes SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH EPAC and PEDELEC Testing according annex 1of the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC

... Essential Health and Safety Requirements à relating to the design and to the construction à safety and reliability of control systems à starting, stopping, emergency stop à protection against mechanical hazards à protection against electrical hazards à protection against other hazards à machinery maintenance à ...

19.10.10

92

copyright by SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH

9

Andreas Kekedi SLG · Rules for dangerous goods

notes SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH EPAC and PEDELEC Mechanical safety (velotech.de)

à Mechanical serviceability testing à Mechanical Functions à Brake test à Components test for frame, fork, handlebar, saddle à Roller test stand à ...

19.10.10

copyright by SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH

10

notes SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH EPAC and PEDELEC Electric circuits Electric wirings Electric connecters

à Suitability of used electrical wirings à Suitability of used electrical connecters à Current-carrying capacity à Insulation issues à Avoidance of mix-up of polarities à Avoidance of mix-up of different systems à ...

19.10.10

copyright by SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH

11

notes SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH EPAC and PEDELEC Degree of protection against moisture and dust

à IP degree protection test à Suitability of used electrical wirings à Suitability of used electrical connecters à Suitability of used battery housing à No risks due to influence of water and dust

19.10.10

copyright by SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH

12

93

Andreas Kekedi SLG · Rules for dangerous goods

notes SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH EPAC and PEDELEC Safety of the Battery system Charger / Battery / Motor

à Test of the charger according the Low Voltage Directive à Test of the combination charger - battery à Test of the combination battery - motor à Test of normal use and single fail condition à Simulation of failures in charging circuit à Simulation of failures in discharging circuit à Simulation of short circuit failures in battery and motor à Battery behavior with defective single cells

19.10.10

copyright by SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH

13

notes SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH EPAC and PEDELEC Resistance against Heat and Fire of Thermoplastic Materials

à Test of the inflammability of thermoplastic materials à Test of the flame propagation of thermoplastic materials à Test on materials of the charger à Test on materials of the battery

19.10.10

copyright by SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH

14

notes SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH EPAC and PEDELEC Instructions

à Technical test of content à Test of layout and logical order à Evaluation of hints for use à Test of safety instructions

19.10.10

94

copyright by SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH

15

Andreas Kekedi SLG · Rules for dangerous goods

notes SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH EPAC and PEDELEC Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Emissions Immunity

à High frequency emissions test à Immunity test against interferences à Immunity test against electrostatic discharge à Test of each relevant operational mode

19.10.10

copyright by SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH

16

notes SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH EPAC and PEDELEC CE Declaration

à It is a must before bringing the Pedelec into the European market. à As a distributor you are required to furnish your products with the CE mark. à With this, you declare conformance of your products with all relevant European directives.

19.10.10

copyright by SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH

17

notes SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH EPAC and PEDELEC EC Declaration of conformity

19.10.10

copyright by SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH

18

95

Andreas Kekedi SLG · Rules for dangerous goods

notes SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH EPAC and PEDELEC EC Declaration of conformity

à Description of the product (type, serial number, …) à Name and address of the certificate holder à List of all relevant directives à Statement, that all requirements of the relevant directives are fulfilled à If applicable, the relevant European standards which are used à Place, date name and sign of the responsible person

copyright by SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH

19.10.10

19

notes

SLG Prüf- und Zertifizierungs GmbH Burgstädter Straße 20 09232 Hartmannsdorf Tel.: Fax:

+49 3722 7323-0 +49 3722 7323-899

E-Mail: service@slg.de.com Internet: http://www.slg.de.com

19.10.10

96

Peter Gutzeit Ib-Rec Battery-recycling

Peter Gutzeit Ib-Rec 路 Battery-recycling

notes

German BattG and Battery Recycling Peter A. Gutzeit, IB-REC GmbH 1 Samstag, 25. September 2010

2

notes

3.000.000

Market Forecast Bike Batteries

2.250.000

1.500.000

750.000

2005

2007

2009

konservativ

2011

2013

0

2015

2017 optimistisch

realistisch

Source: ExtraEnergy 2009 Samstag, 25. September 2010

3

Collection rate

3

Samstag, 25. September 2010

98

notes

Peter Gutzeit Ib-Rec · Battery-recycling

notes

4

Quantity of Batteries for Recycling

Samstag, 25. September 2010

notes

5

Legal Basis in Germany Batterie Gesetz (BattG) of 25.6.2009 In effect since : 1st of December 2009 ✴ Civil penalty : from March 2010 ✴ ✴

Samstag, 25. September 2010

notes

6

Responsible Authority in Germany Umweltbundesamt (UBA) Postbox 1406 D-06813 Dessau-Roßlau Germany Phone: +49 340 2103-0 E-Mail: info@umweltbundesamt.de

Samstag, 25. September 2010

99

7

notes

Scope ✴ ✴ ✴

§ 1 (1) All kind of batteries Batteries which are supplied together with other products

Samstag, 25. September 2010

8

notes

Definitions § 2 (5) Industrial battery means Batteries designed for industrial or professional use ✴ Batteries for use in any type of electric vehicle without typical car-batteries. ✴ ✴

Samstag, 25. September 2010

9

Definitions ✴ ✴

§ 2 (15) Producer means Any person that places batteries on a professional basis for the first time on the German market.

Samstag, 25. September 2010

100

notes

notes

10

Definitions ✴ ✴

§ 2 (14) Distributor means Any person that provides batteries to an end-user on a professional basis.

Samstag, 25. September 2010

notes

11

Definitions ✴ ✴

§ 2 (13) End-User means Any person that uses the battery or product the batteries are supplied with light electric vehicles.

Samstag, 25. September 2010

notes

12

Duties of the Producer § 3 (3) obligation to register and to take back Producers must be registered at the UBA ✴ Producers are liable to an obligation to take back the batteries ✴ ✴

Samstag, 25. September 2010

101

13

notes

Duties of the Producer § 5 (1) Collection Free of charge ✴ From the distributors ✴ From public waste disposal authorities ✴ ✴

Samstag, 25. September 2010

14

notes

Duties of the Distributors § 9 (1) Duties of the distributors are To take back all batteries of the same kind at the selling point ✴ To provide the batteries for collection ✴ ✴

Samstag, 25. September 2010

15

Duties of the end-user § 11 (4) Obligation to return used industry batteries To the distributor ✴ To recycling facilities ✴ To used-battery-collectors ✴ ✴

Samstag, 25. September 2010

102

notes

notes

16

Recycling and Disposal ✴ ✴

§ 14 (1) The collected batteries must be treated with the aim of recovery contended materials.

Samstag, 25. September 2010

notes

17

Control of Success § 15 (1) Documentation to UBA up to the 30th of April of the following year ✴ Verification of the disposal ✴ ✴

Samstag, 25. September 2010

notes

18

Labelling § 17 (1) Symbol is the crossed-out bin § 17 (2) Batteries exeeding the limit values of heavy metals must be signed with the chemical symbol: Hg, Cd, Pb ✴ § 17 (6) obligation to declare the capacity ✴ ✴

Samstag, 25. September 2010

103

19

notes

Assignment of Third Parties ✴ ✴

§ 20 Groups of producers could assign third parties (e.g. the GRS, CCR-REBAT)

Samstag, 25. September 2010

20

notes

Problems To take back batteries from recycling facilities free of charge.

The obligation of documentation to the UBA. ✴ The certification of the producers collecting system through experts. ✴ ✴

Samstag, 25. September 2010

21

Problems ✴ ✴

Disposal of used batteries from missing producers.

Concertedly information to the end-users at the distributors

Samstag, 25. September 2010

104

notes

notes

22

Solutions 1. Concertedly information and instruction of the distributors.

2. Pooling of the producers to a common 3. Collecting an recycling organization.

Samstag, 25. September 2010

notes

23

Financing Fee per sold battery.

Captured batteries will be signed with badges. ✴ These badges are paginated for control purposes. ✴ ✴

Samstag, 25. September 2010

notes

24

Processing Distribution of the badges to the producers will take place to the BattG under following terms: Certification of UNT Obligation to report the rate of recycling ✴ Proof of an adequate product liability insurance ✴ ✴

Samstag, 25. September 2010

105

25

notes

Implementation Matching the recycling system with the UBA Designing the badges ✴ Designing the leaflets for the distributors ✴ Announcing the recycling system to the producer ✴ ✴

Samstag, 25. September 2010

26

notes

Public Relations Aim: To present the Recycling-badge as indispensable for the customer. ✴ How to: Together with the recycling company and all NGOs which want to take part. ✴ Side effect: To advertise Pedelecs ✴

Samstag, 25. September 2010

27

Contact: ib-rec GmbH / Peter A. Gutzeit Tel.: 04151 - 89 98 70 Mobil : 0171-866 21 55 E-Mail: p.gutzeit@ib-rec.de

Samstag, 25. September 2010

106

notes

notes

Thankâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s a lot for your kindly attention and have a nice day!

Samstag, 25. September 2010

107

Dr. Mo-Hua Yang Hi – Tech Infrastructure

Dr. Mo-Hua Yang Hi – Tech · Infrastructure

notes

Key for LEV Market - Infrastructure

Presented by Dr. Mo-Hua Yang President, TD HiTech Energy Inc., Taiwan October 4, 2010 Light Electric Vehicle Conference 2010, Cologne, Germany 1

notes

Contents LEV System Infrastructure for energy supply Battery design consideration Fast / Quick Charging for Batteries Battery Swap System Solution for Public Networks-EnergyBus

2

notes

LEV System

Electric motor & Controller

Battery & Battery system Power

Communication Power

Charger

110

Communication

3

Dr. Mo-Hua Yang Hiâ&#x20AC;&#x160;â&#x20AC;&#x201C;â&#x20AC;&#x160;Tech ¡ Infrastructure

notes

Energy Management System Energy Management System Demand side

Supply side Power distribution

Energy Storage System

EnergyBus

Motor Propulsion System Motor System

Battery System

Efficiency in transport operations is as important as battery and motor choice â&#x20AC;˘ More energy consumption cost your money â&#x20AC;˘ High efficiency system is route to profit

notes

4

Key Successes Factors For LEV Market â&#x20AC;Ż

Interface standardization: Energy Bus www.energybus.org

â&#x20AC;Ż

Safety and Performance test and verification www.batterytest.org

â&#x20AC;Ż Energy supply service system

-Battery exchange system (SWAP) -Charging Station 5

notes

Infrastructure for Long team Sucess â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;ŻCharging station â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Żbattery-swapping stations â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;ŻRental systems â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;ŻLeasing systems â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;ŻLEV parking lots with charging option â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;ŻVehicle to grid solutions

energy recharged

6

111

Dr. Mo-Hua Yang Hiâ&#x20AC;&#x160;â&#x20AC;&#x201C;â&#x20AC;&#x160;Tech ¡ Infrastructure

Energy supply service system for LEV

â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Ż â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Ż # â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Ż " & &+ â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Ż # â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Ż (

notes

Charging station Charging station

â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Ż # " & â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Ż " & # â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Ż # " & â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Ż â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Ż % " & # & * &+ â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Ż # # â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Ż # " & â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Ż (

Charging at home

â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Ż â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Ż % # â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Ż # â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Ż " & * &+ â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Ż % # â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Ż # â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Ż (

HOME

Battery swap

7

notes

Design Consideration for Battery System What does a system designer need to know about his battery system?

Discharge Ability

â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Ż How much energy is available in the storage ? â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Ż With what power can I draw this energy from the storage ? â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Ż May I still perform a certain (critical) function relying on the storage ? â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Ż How long can I still continue drawing a certain power ?

power & energy output

Energy Storage System

Recharge Ability

â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Ż How much energy can I still store into the storage ? â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Ż How fast (with what power or current) can I store energy into the storage ? â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Ż What will be my energy losses under different charging conditions ?

power & energy Input

When charge and discharge, What s influence to ESS

safety, life, reliability 8

notes

Battery Energy Supply-Recharge Three key functions for Charger/Charging station â&#x20AC;Ż Getting the charge into the battery (Charging) â&#x20AC;Ż Optimizing the charging rate (Stabilizing) â&#x20AC;Ż Knowing when to stop (Terminating)

9

112

Dr. Mo-Hua Yang Hi – Tech · Infrastructure

notes

Fast / Quick Charging

24V/10Ah (240Wh) battery system

Charging rate

Charging power

Charging time

0.2C (2A)

50W

5h

0.5C (5A)

125W

2h

1.0C (10A)

250W

1h

2.0C (20A)

500W

0.5 h (30min)

3.0C (30A)

750W

0.3 h (20min)

6.0C (60A)

1500W

0.17h (10min)

Increases charging rate (increase charging current)

Causing the dangers of overcharging or overheating the battery 10

notes

Battery Charger Design Consideration Battery charger design consideration

For preventing overcharge

Different cell Chemistry

Voltage Cut off For preventing over temperature

Different characteristic of charging curve

Temperature Cut off

Different end of charge voltage for different cell chemistry LiCoO2: 4.2V LiFePO4: 3.7V

notes

11

Fast / Quick Charging Fast charging and quick charging require more complex chargers For normal charger/charging station design: chargers must be designed for specific cell chemistries

For universal charger/charging station design (able to charge all battery types) : chargers must have sensing devices to identify the cell type and apply the appropriate charging profile (algorism)

12

113

Dr. Mo-Hua Yang Hi – Tech · Infrastructure

notes

Charging Voltage vs. Cycle Life Overcharge Effect

Safety issue and short Cycle Life

* From ABCMT04, Motorola.

13

notes

Charge/Discharge Temperature vs. Cycle Life

14

notes

Battery Swap (Exchange) System • Battery remove out and in (connector) • Battery health situation • Battery charging • Bill charge

15

114

Dr. Mo-Hua Yang Hi – Tech · Infrastructure

notes

Issues for Battery Swap-Connectors • Security • Reliability & safety • Information & communication power

signal

16

notes

Solution for Public Networks

Discharge Ability power & energy output

Recharge Ability power & energy Input

www.energybus.org 17

notes

Functions of EnergyBus Hardware interface Bank cardmagnetic stripe

EnergyBusCAN interface

Energy transmission Bank cardMoney release

EnergyBusEnergy transmission

www.energybus.org

Software interface Bank cardNegotiation

EnergyBusNegotiation

Service data Bank cardBank statement

EnergyBusData exchange

18

115

Dr. Mo-Hua Yang Hi – Tech · Infrastructure

Energy Bus Connectors

magnetic charge connector

in line connector communication and 30 A power

notes www.energybus.org

in line connector communication only

19

Energy Bus Communication

notes www.energybus.org

CANopen application layer

http://www.can-cia.org/

20

E-Scooter Promotion in Taiwan

notes

The highest scooter density worldwide 12 million scooter for 23 million people Government Support Subsidiary program New environmental regulations for 50cc (no more 2 stroke engines) Promoting target

• Duration 2009/07~2012/12 • Subsidy (USD 235-320/scooter) • Promoting target – 160,000 in four years • 2009 20000 • 2010 35000 • 2011 45000 • 2012 60000 21

116

Dr. Mo-Hua Yang Hiâ&#x20AC;&#x160;â&#x20AC;&#x201C;â&#x20AC;&#x160;Tech ¡ Infrastructure

notes

Standard Pack with Standard Protocol

% " &

)% % $ * & # + # # % #

& # # # " &

22

notes

Battery Exchange Developing in Taiwan

23

notes

Battery Exchange Developing in Taiwan

http://www.citypower.com.tw/index.html 24

117

Dr. Mo-Hua Yang Hi – Tech · Infrastructure

notes Safety

Energy system solution

Reliability Efficiency Intelligent

Thank you for kind attention!!

25

notes

notes

118

Marcel Knodelâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; RIVA Management Consultants Product Development â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Maturity Level Assurance for Innovative Products

Marcel Knodel RIVA Management Consultants Product Development Maturity Level Assurance for Innovative Products

notes

Product Development: Maturity Level Assurance for Innovative Products

Light Electric Vehicle Conference 2010, Cologne, Germany

We deliver. Results.

notes

RIVA MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS

Riva in Brief

Riva Management Consultants were found in 2008 by four former industry managers and management consultants.

We are management consultants with a performance-based approach.

We develop strategies, optimize processes and structures, and support implementation.

Our consultants are experienced industry managers and experts from product development, production, purchasing, quality, logistics, sales and service.

With a team of 25 consultants and experts we are capable of providing our clients solutions from one source.

Page 2

October 4th, 2010

© Riva Management Consultants

notes

RIVA MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS

Targeting the Value Chain We are focussed on value adding core processes, structures and competencies

SCOPE Purchasing Product/ MarketStrategy

Product Management Innovation Management

Logistics

Product Development

Marketing & Sales

Service Quality

Production

PROCESSES + STRUCTURES+ COMPETENCIES Page 3

120

October 4th, 2010

© Riva Management Consultants

Marcel Knodel RIVA Management Consultants Product Development Maturity Level Assurance for Innovative Products

notes

Product Development: Maturity Level Assurance for Innovative Products

"Outside View" on Products and Market Participants LEV industry and products are still facing a technological and structural change Product

Market participants

Electrification based on existing bike concepts

products composed of existing components

LEVs are much fun to drive, but many ebikes/pedelecs have no „harmonic“ appearance , e.g. batteries not really integrated in bike design

many isolated solutions and products, opportunities for system integration

Very heterogeneous, fragmented market participants

big players vs. many new, innovative companies – start-ups, small-business,

some companies will grow very fast; companies with limited abilities will disappear

need for mergers and cooperations

impressive innovations and new products, but some products still look like prototypes

Many companies are product- and innovationdriven – doubts about management competencies, e.g.

quality issues?

product development processes

industrializiation

customer/supplier management

project management

quality management

High prices for end-customers

Page 4

notes

October 4th, 2010

© Riva Management Consultants

Product Development: Maturity Level Assurance for Innovative Products

Challenges The LEV industry is facing some major technological and organizational challenges

New technologies

motors

electronics

batteries

software

New suppliers

New and increased process requirements

due to new technologies

due to new market participants, e.g. automotive or electronic companies

Significanrtly increased technological and organizational complexity in the product development process

Page 5

notes

October 4th, 2010

© Riva Management Consultants

Product Development: Maturity Level Assurance for Innovative Products

Target Achievement in Product Development Projects Target achievement (time, production volume, costs, quality) is a main challenge even in well-established industries Target achievement in product development projects 1

Top reasons for failure1

Target: 100% 90% 80%

77%

60%

83%

80% 64%

80% 64%

67%

75%76%

7%

80%

10%

60%60% 52%

53% 30%

SOP date reached

Automotive

production volume reached as planned

target costs achieved

Electrical industry

Aviation

quality target achieved

Engineering industry

poor coordination during product development missing / late components prototype delays concept changes

1: Source, F. Denzler, TCW Wildemann (2007), survey in 38 companies SOP: Start of Production

Page 6

October 4th, 2010

© Riva Management Consultants

121

Marcel Knodel RIVA Management Consultants Product Development Maturity Level Assurance for Innovative Products

notes

Product Development: Maturity Level Assurance for Innovative Products

Best Practice in Product Development Based on our experience, we advise to incorporate best practice approaches and processes in order to avoid expensive mistakes and shortcomings Project and product costs

Failure costs

Optimized planning approach Planning Effort

80 %

100.000

Failure costs increase exponentially over time

80 % of project and product costs are detemined in first 5-10% of duration

0,01

optimized approach

100 1

0,1

duration

duration

5-10%

„classic“ approach

duration

Well aligned Product Development Process (Simultaneous Engineering) Frontloading + cross-functional Project Management Industrialization

Best Practice

Quality Management Supplier Management Page 7

October 4th, 2010

© Riva Management Consultants

notes

Product Development: Maturity Level Assurance for Innovative Products

Maturity Level Assurance for Innovative Products A well aligned product development process with defined quality gates assures the maturity of innovative products Innovation phase

SOP

Gate

Gate

Gate

Gate

Innovation Approval for Serial Development

Requirements Management

Definition of Lead Suppliers

Approval of Technical Specification

• Requirements

• Binding supplier

• Product and

process innovation

• Innovation

assessment

• Risk

management

• Lessons learned

• Specifications • Business Case • Project

organization

• Protection of IP/

innovations

• Risk

feasibility study

• Contracting • Production

feasibility study

• Risk

• Approval of

technical specification

• Quality planning • Planning of long

lead-parts

management

Gate

Gate

Order Approval for Process and Production Product Approval Equipment • Approval of

production process and tool concepts

• Supply Planning • Awarding of

• Product

validation

• Process

validation

• Supplier

validation

serial production Gate

Requalifikation and Transfer to Serial Production • Confirmation of

robust processes

• Closing of all

open issues

• Lessons learned

contracts

• Quality planning

management

• Configuration/

engineering change management

SOP: Start of Production IP: Intellectual Property

Page 8

October 4th, 2010

© Riva Management Consultants

notes

Product Development: Maturity Level Assurance for Innovative Products

Innovation: A Long Way to Success

«Invention is 1% of inspiration and 99% of transpiration.»

Thomas Edison (1847 - 1931)

Page 9

122

October 4th, 2010

© Riva Management Consultants

Tetsuji Uetaâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; Sanyo Electric Pedelec drive train

Tetsuji Ueta Sanyo Electric ¡ Pedelec drive train

notes

New Pedelec Driving System for flexible bicycle design and long driving range October 5, 2010 Tetsuji Ueta*, Kenji Taguchi, Naoki Chiba, Katsumi Inui and Hideaki Aoki

Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. CopyrightŠ SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

Not only Rechargeable Batteries

notes

Global Share

Li-ion Li-polymer batteries

â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Ż Production history:

Over 46 years

â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;Ż Production capacity:

Global No. 1

25%

CopyrightŠ SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

But also a New Driving System

notes

LCD Display Li-ion Battery

Controller

Crank Torque Sensor

124

Hub Motor

CopyrightŠ SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

Tetsuji Ueta Sanyo Electric · Pedelec drive train

notes

Sanyo’s e-bike History 1970

Sanyo’s first e-bike prototype Osaka World Expo

1993

Sanyo’s first e-bike product

1995

Sanyo’s pedelec driving units

1996 Sanyo’s first pedelec 2003 Industry's first Front Motor pedelec with Regeneration

notes

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

Global Market Estimates 830K units in 2010 global market

Holland 190K units

Europe 430K units

China 23M units (e-Bike)

Germany France 145K units 24K units

North America 20K units (e-Bike)

Japan 400K units

Source Sanyo’s internal marketing

Growing Market in Japan - 1 360K units/year in Japan 2009 17.8% CAGR (Revenue) from 2005 to 2009 25

400 350

Ni-MH

20

300

Revenue [M yen]

Shipment [K units]

notes

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

250 200 150 100

Li-ion

15 10 5

50

0

0 2005

2006

2007 Year

2008

2005

2009

2006

2007

2008

2009

Year

Source Japan Bicycle Promotion Institute

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

125

Tetsuji Ueta Sanyo Electric · Pedelec drive train

notes

Growing Market in Japan - 2 4% ratio (pedelecs/all bicycles) 2009 9.2M bicycle units 2009 4.5

Pedelec Rate [%]

4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Year Source Japan Bicycle Promotion Institute

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

notes

Market Needs • Product Variation • Reliability • Long Driving Range • Acceleration at Start of Pedaling • Hill-climbing Performance

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

notes

Needs - Product Variation Stylish

Folding small-wheeled

High-class sports

For leisure For loading in a car For in-town use

Image

Commuting Business

Normal

For business use Drawn cart For carrying loads

Housewife Senior Citizen

Basic Low

Cost

126

High Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

Tetsuji Ueta Sanyo Electric · Pedelec drive train

notes

Needs - Reliability Reliable battery • High Quality • Longer Life Cycle • Safety

notes

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

Needs - Long Driving Range

Driving range

Approx. 40 km

Approx. 25 km

2005

2010

Year

notes

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

Sanyo’s Pedelec System

Dual wheel Drive Rear wheel

Human power

Front wheel

Chain Pedaling

Assisted power

Regenerative power

Torque (Speed) sensor Battery

Controller

Motor/Generator Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

127

Tetsuji Ueta Sanyo Electric · Pedelec drive train

notes

Features for Needs Flexible Design

• Fits Standard Fork Thin Hub Motor • Fits Standard Frame Crank Torque Sensor • Battery Placement (below carrier rack/saddle)

Reliability

• Reliable Battery Cells/Pack

Long Driving Range

• Regenerative Charging

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

notes

Thin Hub Motor Features 1) Fits Standard Fork 2) High Efficiency 3) Free Wheel/Regeneration

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

notes

1. Fits Standard Fork 30% Thinner

Motor area

139 mm

Electromagnetic Analysis 0.03

Cogging Torque [Nm]

0.02 0.01 0 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

-0.01

100 mm (previous motor: 134 mm) Fits a Standard Fork

-0.02 -0.03 Rotation Angle g [degree] [ g ]

Previous Motor New Motor

Reduced cogging torque Smooth rotation

Gear and Clutch/no Clutch Can select either Free Wheel or Regenerative Charging

128

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

Tetsuji Ueta Sanyo Electric · Pedelec drive train

2. High Efficiency (System) System Efficiency [%]

notes

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 100

High Coil Density ide de e Cores with Divided

Previous Motor New Motor

120

140

160

180

+

Vector Control Design 200

Velocity [rpm ]

220

Higher Efficiency (incl. Motor + Gear + Circuit) 74% 80%

notes

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

3. Free wheel or Regeneration Free wheel on Flat Road

Regeneration on Downhill

Selectable Regenerative Brake

notes

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

Features for Needs Flexible Design

• Fits Standard Fork Thin Hub Motor • Fits Standard Frame Crank Torque Sensor • Battery Placement (below carrier rack/saddle)

Reliability

• Reliable Battery Cells/Pack

Long Driving Range

• Regenerative Charging

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

129

Tetsuji Ueta Sanyo Electric · Pedelec drive train

notes

Crank Torque Sensor • Fits Standard Bottom Bracket • No Special Frame • Quick Response (vs. Speed Sensor)

Crank Torque Sensor

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

notes

Features for Needs Flexible Design

• Fits Standard Fork Thin Hub Motor • Fits Standard Frame Crank Torque Sensor • Battery Placement (below carrier rack/saddle)

Reliability

• Reliable Battery Cells/Pack

Long Driving Range

• Regenerative Charging

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

notes

Battery Placement • Vertical • Horizontal • or as you like

36V/7.6 Ah compact Li-ion Battery

130

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

Tetsuji Ueta Sanyo Electric · Pedelec drive train

notes

Features for Needs Flexible Design

• Fits Standard Fork Thin Hub Motor • Fits Standard Frame Crank Torque Sensor • Battery Placement (below carrier rack/saddle)

Reliability

• Reliable Battery Cells/Pack

Long Driving Range

• Regenerative Charging

notes

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

Reliable Battery Cells/Pack • Long History: Over 46 years • Production Capacity: Global No. 1 • High Quality in Many Products • Safety - Communicates with charger - Protective circuitry

Product Variety

Pedelec P

Personal Computer

notes

Electric Vehicle

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

Features for Needs Flexible Design

• Fits Standard Fork Thin Hub Motor • Fits Standard Frame Crank Torque Sensor • Battery Placement (below carrier rack/saddle)

Reliability

• Reliable Battery Cells/Pack

Long Driving Range

• Regenerative Charging

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

131

Tetsuji Ueta Sanyo Electric · Pedelec drive train

notes

Motor Controller

• Vector Control High Efficiency Low Noise Long Driving Range • Regenerative Charging - Brake Switch - 2 modes (Eco, Automatic)

Motor Controller

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

notes

What is Vector Control?

Current Element for Torque: q-axis

U-Phase

V-Phase

Current Element for Non-Torque: d-axis

W-Phase

Stationary coodinate system ystem

Rotary y ccoodinate system

Advantages High Efficiency Low Noise Long Driving Range

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

notes

What is Regeneration?

Battery

Motor Drive

Drive for Motor

Generator Regeneration

Regenera te for Gene rator Regene rative Bra ke

132

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

Tetsuji Ueta Sanyo Electric · Pedelec drive train

notes

Regeneration

- FET Drive Pattern on Regeneration W Phase V Phase U Phase

Battery

V+

FET Upper-side Pattern ((PWM)) PWM: Pulse Width Modulation

W Phase

V Phase

W+

U+

W+

V+

Advantages High-efficiency Regeneration Regeneration at low speed (over 8 km/h)

notes

W

V Hall IC

U Phase

Back Electromotive Force Wave

U

Store Energy

Release + Energy for Battery

Copyright© py g SANYO Electric Co.,, Ltd. All Rights g Reserved 2010

Regenerative Charging - Switch at brake lever

Brake lever

Gripping

Advantages Controllable by rider Reduces charging times Longer driving range (Approx. +50%)

Regen. Only

Full

Regen. + Mechanical

notes

Brake

Light

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

Regenerative Charging - Eco mode

• Charging on Flat road Long Range Drive (w/o rider’s awareness)

Heavy

Uphill

Start

Auto change

Power assist

Pedaling load

Flat road High-speed drive

Flat road

Downhill

Light Auto change

Charging drive

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

133

Tetsuji Ueta Sanyo Electric · Pedelec drive train

notes

Regenerative Charging - Automatic mode

• Assist ratio Intelligent Road-type Recognition

Start Powerful Assist Ratio 1:1

Flat road Low Assist ratio 1:less-than-1

Uphill Powerful/ Most powerful Automatic control Assist ratio 1:1 – 1:2

Downhill Automatic Charging according to hill grade

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

notes

Conclusion new pedelec driving system Flexible Design

• Fits Standard Fork Thin Hub Motor (100 mm width, with/without clutch) • Fits Standard Frame Crank Torque Sensor • Battery Placement (below carrier rack/saddle)

Reliability

• Reliable Battery Cells/Pack

Long Driving Range

• Regenerative Charging

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

notes

Coming in spring 2011!

134

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

Tetsuji Ueta Sanyo Electric · Pedelec drive train

notes

One more thing

notes

E-scooter System

notes

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

Components Li-ion Battery

Battery Charger

In Wheel Motor

Controller

Copyright© SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

135

Tetsuji Ueta Sanyo Electric 路 Pedelec drive train

notes

Thank You

136

Copyright漏 SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2010

Dr. Mo-Hua Yangâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; HT Energy Technical overview

Dr. Mo-Hua Yang HT Energy · Technical overview

notes

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notes

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notes

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138

Dr. Mo-Hua Yang HT Energy · Technical overview

notes

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139

Dr. Mo-Hua Yang HT Energy · Technical overview

notes

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140

notes

Dr. Mo-Hua Yang HT Energy · Technical overview

notes

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147

Dr. Steffen Wieland Enymotion Fuel cell – the battery – boost

Dr. Steffen Wieland Enymotion · Fuel cell – the battery – boost

notes

Energy in Motion

Fuel cells –The battery boost Dr. Steffen Wieland (MBA)

notes

Functional principal of electrochemical systems Chemical Energy Storage converter EE CE

Electrical Energy

converter CE EE

Electrical Energy

CE Charging Power Electrolyser

Energy Tank

Discharging Power Fuel Cell

Chargeable Battery / Secondary battery

Water + Air

Hydrogen

Battery = energy storage Fuel Cell = energy converter

Catalyst Electrolyt (PEM) Bipolarplate Oxigen (Air)

cooling water

Disposition of Fuel Cells as an energy converter Power

Fuel Cells

Discharge time in hours

150

2

notes

Dr. Steffen Wieland Enymotion ¡ Fuel cell â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the battery â&#x20AC;&#x201C; boost

notes

Comparision Fuel cell - Battery

Fuel cells

500

energy density in Wh/l

400

Li-Ionen

300

NiMH

200

NiCd

100 DLC

Redoxflow

Lead-acid

0 0

50

100

150

200

specific energy in Wh/kg 4

notes

Specific Power of Fuel Cell Systems '*&& "0.& #

'(&&

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notes

Fuels for driving the future in Fuel Cells

Liquid petroleum gas (LPG) ďż˝ â&#x20AC;ŻEverywhere available, fossil fuel, reformer process required Methanol ďż˝ â&#x20AC;ŻRestricted logistic fuel, toxic, produced in high quantities (mainly fossil sources) Ethanol ďż˝ â&#x20AC;ŻCO2-free, renewable, logistic fuel E85, produced in high quantities, reformer process required Hydrogen ďż˝ â&#x20AC;Żrenewable, cartridge logistics not solved, storage problematic, compact FC design possible

151

Dr.â&#x20AC;&#x2030;Steffen Wieland Enymotion ¡ Fuel cell â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the battery â&#x20AC;&#x201C; boost

notes

Fuel Cell/Battery combination for LEV

controller

Fuel Cell

Motor

Battery

7

notes

Specific weight for LEV FCS

Weight in kg

Fuel Cell + LiIon Battery

LiIon Battery

Continous power in W

Continous power in W

8

notes

Costs for LEV FC

Weight in kg

Fuel Cell + LiIon Battery

LiIon Battery

Continous power in W

Continous power in W

152

9

Dr. Steffen Wieland Enymotion · Fuel cell – the battery – boost

notes

Open key issues for market introduction Overall concept SCM

Infrastructure

Cost Development Customer Perspective

Production

Storage system

Capable supplier base

Technology

Operation Services

Safety Business model

Producability

… working hard on it will solve them.

notes

Examples of LEV Fuel Cell systems

Source: Masterflex

Source: Clean Mobile

Source: Joerg Weigl/Arno Evers Source: Iwatani Corporation

11

notes

„enyware“ activities

� Actual Power: 100W, 200-300W, 500W � Actual fuel: LPG and Bio-ethanol � Subsidized project: coupling of Li-Ion accumulators with fuel cell systems � Preparing e-mobility partnership with manufactures � Patent pending (18 patents)

153

Dr. Steffen Wieland Enymotion · Fuel cell – the battery – boost

notes

Energy in Motion

Basic data for calculation

Li-Ion-Battery � Cost: 1200 €/kWh � Weight:

8.3 kg/kWh

Fuel Cell (50W hydrogen) � Cost: 800 € � Weight:

� Volume:

154

1200 g 1.1 l (without H2-cartrigde)

notes

Hannes Neupert ExtraEnergy Standardization

Hannes Neupert ExtraEnergy · Standardization

notes

Considerations For Standardized Performance Measurements based on 18 Years Pedelec Test experience

Dipl.-Phys. Frieder Herb, ExtraEnergy Test Methodologie Sport-Ing. Andreas Törpsch, ExtraEnergy Test Manager Designer Hannes Neupert,President ExtraEnergy e.V. Treasurer EnergyBus e.V., Industrial Designer, independent consultant

notes

Content: - Why Does ExtraEnergy Started Testing?

- The ExtraEnergy Test Principles - The Test Methode Explained Quickly - Proposal To The Industry For Standardization

notes

Why Does ExtraEnergy Started Testing Pedelecs And E-Bikes?

Because the data published by the vehicle manufacturers are sometime quite optimistic, and pushed by marketing needs as well always measured at different conditions.

The test has been evolved out of a market overfew back in 1992 published at a local magazine calles „EcoRegio“.

156

Hannes Neupert ExtraEnergy 路 Standardization

notes

Examples of quite optimistic manufacturer data: All advertised data is within the possible range, but only at quite optimum conditions - such advertised data is often missleading the customers expectations.

Disappointed customers are preprogrammed in such cases!

notes

The ExtraEnergy Test Principles: A) The Test of a muscle electric hybrid has to reflect the total performance including the human influence like the ergonomic riding position of the rider B) It has to be repeatable C) It has to be comparable

notes

The Test Methode Explained Quickly No Test Bench the laboratory is the street where real people ride on real bikes in a real world - but everything is recordet and multiple persons repeat the procedure to generate statistic confidence.

157

Hannes Neupert ExtraEnergy 路 Standardization

notes

The Test Track established and used by ExtraEnergy:

notes Heigh (m)

1)

2)

3)

4) 5)

6)

3)

4) 5)

6)

Distance (km) Gradient %

1)

2) Distance (km)

notes

The Task: The current test Methode by ExtraEnergy is highly precise and reliable but time consuming and expensive!

How could it be transformed to a bench test which could be easy to do as a routine quickly and Inexpensive?

158

Hannes Neupert ExtraEnergy 路 Standardization

notes

Our Proposal: Take the real world track and transform it to bits and bites that it can be repeated anywhere in the world by and company ore any laboratory which has a test bench capable to do so!

But keep the corelation to the test track where lots of reference data exists and which can be used to calibrate and improve the test bench methode.

notes

The 3 Key Parameters: - heigh profile - pedal frequency - muscle power

notes

Examples Of Existing Testbenches: - ID Bike Netherlands - University Wolfsburg - Velotech.de - Most chinese EB Factories have such systems -...

159

Hannes Neupert ExtraEnergy 路 Standardization

notes

ID Bike Netherlands

notes

University Wolfsburg

notes

Velotech.de Germany

160

Hannes Neupert ExtraEnergy 路 Standardization

notes

notes

notes

Next steps: - within 2010 Publication of the virtual human Data by ExtraEnergy - March 2011 Taipei exchange of Experiences by different test labs with the implementation

161

Stephan Scheuer TÜV Rheinland Batso

Stephan Scheuer TĂ&#x153;V Rheinland ¡ Batso

notes

BATSO - TĂ&#x153;V Rheinland Battery Testing Stephan Scheuer Head of Department Quality TĂ&#x153;V Rheinland LGA Products

Safety for tomorrowâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s mobility

notes

Contents: TUV Rheinland What is â&#x20AC;&#x17E;BATSOâ&#x20AC;&#x153; ?

Why â&#x20AC;&#x17E;BATSOâ&#x20AC;&#x153; ?

Certification

# " !

notes

State, Data and Facts - International Testing, Inspection and Certification -

2009

§ď&#x201A;§â&#x20AC;Ż Business Volume (in million. â&#x201A;Ź) 1.200 §ď&#x201A;§â&#x20AC;Ż Employees - therefrom abroad

114

§ď&#x201A;§â&#x20AC;Ż Offices

490

§ď&#x201A;§â&#x20AC;Ż Business Units Headquarter Cologne

164

6.600

§ď&#x201A;§â&#x20AC;Ż Companies

§ď&#x201A;§â&#x20AC;Ż Business Avenues

13.000

# " !

39 6

Stephan Scheuer TĂ&#x153;V Rheinland ¡ Batso

notes

Service TĂ&#x153;V Rheinland Where you can find us

490 offices in 61 Countries around the world.

notes

What is â&#x20AC;&#x17E;BATSOâ&#x20AC;&#x153; ?

BATSO stands for Battery Safety Organisation and is a cooperation founded by ExtraEnergy e.V., ITRI, TĂ&#x153;V Rheinland and Underwriters Laboratories (UL)

notes

The â&#x20AC;&#x17E;BATSOâ&#x20AC;&#x153; motivation ?

State:

- The secure transport of Li-Ion batteries is standardized. (UN T 38.3) - The safety in the application is not standardized !

- Basically Li-Ion batteries are save and represent no danger for the userâ&#x20AC;Ś.

- ..however there are accidents because of abuse and low quality of batteries.

# " !

165

Stephan Scheuer TĂ&#x153;V Rheinland ¡ Batso

notes

The â&#x20AC;&#x17E;BATSOâ&#x20AC;&#x153; target

â&#x20AC;&#x17E;BATSOâ&#x20AC;&#x153; targets this gap by testing the batteries for safety while transport and while using it, to avoid accidents or at least to minimize the follow-up.

# " !

notes

The â&#x20AC;&#x17E;BATSOâ&#x20AC;&#x153; standard The BATSO standard is based upon the UN T 38.3 (Transportation of dangerous goods) and expands it with tests for the application in LEVâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s (Light Electric Vehicles).

notes

What is â&#x20AC;&#x17E;BATSOâ&#x20AC;&#x153; ?

The Tests for â&#x20AC;&#x17E;BATSOâ&#x20AC;&#x153; in detail are: Overcharge

External short circuit

Vibration endurance test

Partial short cicuit

Crush test

Shock test

Drop test

Low pressure test

Climate test

Additional a Factory inspection is required

166

# " !

Stephan Scheuer TĂ&#x153;V Rheinland ¡ Batso

notes

RISKS ?

Risks arise through untested Li-Ion batteries !

Li-Ion batteries may develop serious characteristics in case of damage: -â&#x20AC;ŻSmoke emission -â&#x20AC;ŻFire -â&#x20AC;ŻExplosion The consequences can be serious for the retailer and for the customer or user.

notes

# " !

Why â&#x20AC;&#x17E;BATSOâ&#x20AC;&#x153; ?

- The power density of the batteries rises up - The possible consequences are getting more serious, too.

notes

# " !

â&#x20AC;&#x17E;BATSOâ&#x20AC;&#x153; inside A â&#x20AC;&#x17E;BATSOâ&#x20AC;&#x153; approved battery is tested by TĂ&#x153;V Rheinland on exactly these risks to avoid fire, smoke or explosion while usage or transport.

Vibration

Temperature

Crush

167

Stephan Scheuer TĂ&#x153;V Rheinland ¡ Batso

notes

â&#x20AC;&#x17E;BATSOâ&#x20AC;&#x153; Certification BATSO stands for a safe battery and avoids the following damages in the application: - leakage - Venting - disassembly - rupture - fire - All sucessful approved batteries are getting an explicit ID and are shown on the www.tuvdotcom.com platform.

- Every user can assure oneself about the safety of the battery.

# " !

Service TĂ&#x153;V Rheinland

notes

TĂ&#x153;V Rheinland considers - the mechanical safety as well as - the electrical safety of the whole Pedelec - and the Battery safety And offers this service from one source !

Look for our test seals !!!

# " !

Service TĂ&#x153;V Rheinland

§ď&#x201A;§â&#x20AC;Ż §ď&#x201A;§â&#x20AC;Ż §ď&#x201A;§â&#x20AC;Ż §ď&#x201A;§â&#x20AC;Ż

168

Further Information: www.batso.org www.tuv.com www.extranenergy.org

notes

Stephan Scheuer TĂ&#x153;V Rheinland ¡ Batso

notes

Thank you for your attention !

Safety for tomorrowâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s mobility

# " !

169

Christian Eckartâ&#x20AC;&#x201A;Rosenberger EnergyBus Connector

Christian Eckart Rosenberger · EnergyBus Connector

notes

EnergyBus Connectors

setting a new standard for the LEV- Industry Dipl. Ing. (FH) Christian Eckart

notes

Introduction to Rosenberger The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

! Founded in the year 1958 ! Family owned business with headquarter in Fridolfing, Germany ! Worldwide manufacturing facilities, e.g. North America, China, India,… ! 3000 employees ! Main business areas are the telecommunication and automotive industry ! Rosenberger has a lot of experience in standardization , especially in the automotive industry

notes

Introduction to EnergyBus The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

! EnergyBus e.V. is an organization of industry members to standardize the LEV industry, headquartered in Germany. ! It stands for the promotion of a common connector family and communication protocol to be used within the LEV market to allow for example hassle free public charging and global service.

172

Christian Eckart Rosenberger · EnergyBus Connector

notes

EnergyBus Members The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

notes

What makes EnergyBus different?

The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

! Patent protected connectors - which are jointly owned by the members to ensure a free market ! Connectors are only allowed to be used in a single pinning, but with a flex voltage between 12-48V ! Fixed communication protocol based on CAN Open (Can is the most common machine to machine interface used by many industries since years) ! Power only switched on by each device after an electronic handshake which reconfirms the compatibility. ! allows real plug and play for all electronic devices on LEVs, even for bike mechanics it will become possible to make electrical modifications.

notes

EnergyBus Components The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

173

Christian Eckart Rosenberger · EnergyBus Connector

notes

Handicap Of A Missing Standard The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

A missing interface standardization which involves a defined hardware interface with an open communication language is not allowing the market to grow to its full potential.

Todays pseudo standard – XLR connector

notes

The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

XLR is low cost, available from many sources and was recommended as charging connector for the wheelchair industry.

But today it creates a lot of danger since there are so many different combinations of the pinning and the voltage on the market, so that it is quite likely that you damage your battery/ charger by plugging in the wrong device.

Since XLR is completely free of any protection there is no method for standardization.

notes

Pinning of the EnergyBus The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

174

Christian Eckart Rosenberger · EnergyBus Connector

notes

The EnergyBus Concept The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

1. Charging Connector AC/DC power converter

Battery 2. Slide In

High mating cycles 4. Data transfer + 30 A Current

Low mating cycles

3. Data tranfer + 2 A Current HMI, Button, Sensors,…

Controller Low contact durability

notes

Proprietary non EB Connector since the motor can not communicate

M

Custom design connector solutions for the LEV industry The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

! Design developed with the EnergyBus members ! Requirements • Waterproof • UV- Resistant • Protected against environmental impacts like chemicals, salt water and dirt. ! Simple assembly: Based on coding, no miss plugging possible. ! Specific connectors for specific applications within the EnergyBus connector family ! Standardized interface àCreation of a free market ! Standardization allows public infrastructure like fast charging networks, „roaming“ and even battery swapping. ! higher sales volume à high potential for production cost reduction

notes

1. Charging Connector The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

! Current: 10A, 30A, 50A ! Voltage: flexible, 12-48V ! 4 Pins for Data communication + 2 Pins for Current ! Up to 5000 Mating Cycles ! Waterproof ! Connection based on magnetic force, polarity of the magnets prevents wrong connection. ! 100% Precise contact even at high vibration due to magnetic connection. ! Forced disconnection does not damage the connector or the vehicle due to magnetic connection.

175

Christian Eckart Rosenberger · EnergyBus Connector

notes

2. Slide In The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

! Current: 10A, 30A, 50A ! Voltage: flexible, 12-48V ! 4 Pin for Data communication + 2 for Current ! 5000 Mating Cycles ! Waterproof ! Highly tolerant to rough plugging due to flexible holding mechanism. ! Connection based on magnetic force, Polarity of the magnets prevents wrong connection. ! 100% Precise contact even at high vibration due to magnetic connection. ! Forced disconnection does not damage the connector due to magnetic connection.

notes

3. Data Connector The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

! Max current: 2A ! Voltage: Up to 12V ! 4 Pins for data communication + Shielding ! High data rate possible ! „fixed connection“ 50 plug cycles warrantied ! Waterproof, IP6K9K ! The inner construction has been applied already in high quantity in the car industry

notes

4. Current + Data Connector The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

! Current: 30A ! Voltage: flex voltage 12-48V ! Data (4 Pin + Shield) + Current (2 Pin) ! „fixed connection“ 50 plug cycles warrantied ! Waterproof, IP6K9K ! The inner construction has been applied already in high quantity in the car industry

176

Christian Eckart Rosenberger · EnergyBus Connector

notes

Customized PCB Connectors possible The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

Waterproof Automotive Examples Customized design for LEVs possible

notes

Waterproofed according IPX6K9K The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

! Know-How build over years in the car industry ! Standardized quality inspection ! 100% quality control: Cameracheck, ...

notes

High Developed Manufacturing Process (1) The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

! Piece Parts Production ! Plating Shop ! Production in Germany

177

Christian Eckart Rosenberger ¡ EnergyBus Connector

notes

High Developed Manufacturing Process (2) The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the ďŹ le again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

! Cable harness production ! Connector assembly ! Full- and Partial automatic

Chances for LEV Vehicle and Component makers

notes

The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the ďŹ le again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

! Focus on the core competence to create customer value by functionality. Reach more customers due to higher quality and functionality at a lower initial cost. ! Fast development cycles and combination of components made by highly specialized makers - for the creation of new vehicles with a very high individual value. ! Components can be replaced even many years later, technology can be upgraded, new applications will become possible

notes

Thank you for your attention christian.eckart@rosenberger.de

178

Johannes DĂśrndorferâ&#x20AC;&#x201A;Electragil EnergyBus protocol with ACRON drive train

Johannes Dörndorfer Electragil · EnergyBus protocol with ACRON drive train

notes Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

EnergyBus Protocol with ACRON drive train Johannes Dörndorfer LEV converence 2010 Köln

Why we use EnergyBus: Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

notes

- - - - - - - - - -

Fast development Secure and stable bus system Ready for public charging Easy integration of fleet management Open for all kind of energy source's Possible to update the hole system Open for accessories Open for changes Easy adaption to the whishes of the market Open communication to other platforms like PC, PDA, Mobile, WWW….

- Integration of complex components possible - Open standard for service and development no separate tools for separate vehicles and separate devices.

- Ready for the future!

notes Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

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EnergyBus defines: - Connectors - Network topology - Protocol of communication - Rules for flow of energy - EnergyBus Controller EBC - Rules for security

Johannes Dörndorfer Electragil · EnergyBus protocol with ACRON drive train

notes

The ACRON drive train with integrated EnergyBus components …a working together of different companies

Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

Display & Human Interface

1-2 Batteries

(from TD HiTech Energy)

(from ACEWELL)

Motor & EnergyBus Master (from electragil)

notes

Network for ACRON Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

• • • • • • • •

Charger & Gateway to PC

Pedal Sensor

(from electragil)

(from Panasonic and HiTech)

PC / Internet For Service / Update / Fleet management

CAN with 11bit IDs Full compatible to CANopen Up to 127 Nodes Speed 250 kBit 8 Byte packages Always one active master No double IDs allowed Gateways to other networks possible (Bluetooth, Ethernet, USB…)

EBC / Charger / Gateway Master/Slave ID 2

Battery 1 Slave ID 10

Battery 2 Slave ID 11

EBC / Motor controller Master ID 1 / 42

Display Slave ID 64

Torque sensor Slave ID 80

notes

Protocol: using standards CAN 2.0 Speed: 250 kBit EN 50325-1: 2002 ISO 11898-2 CiA DS303-1…

Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

CANopen Application Layer and Communication Profile

CiA Draft Standard 301 CANopen / EnergyBus General Description DS454_1 Pre-defined communication and general application objects DS454_2 Pre-defined PDO and SDO communication DS454_3

EnergyBus controller (Master of Network)

AC-to-DC converter (charger…)

Energy management System (battery…)

Motor control unit

DS454_4

DS454_5

DS454_6

DS454_7

DC-to-DC converter

HMI unit (display…)

Security unit

DS454_8

DS454_9

DS454_10

Sensor unit (torque sensor…)

Gateway unit (PC connection)

DS454_11

DS454_12

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Johannes Dörndorfer Electragil · EnergyBus protocol with ACRON drive train

notes Two kind of Devices: Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

Active Device Power+

Connected to CAN-Bus, Auxiliary voltage and PowerBus (12-48V).

PowerAUX-12V AUX-GND

Battery, motor controller, charger…

CAN-high CAN-low

Passive Device Connected to CAN-Bus and Auxiliary voltage (12V).

AUX-12V AUX-GND CAN-high CAN-low

Sensors, display, gateway

notes Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

Type of Devices: ID 1 2-9 10-41 42-45 46-49 50-63 64-71 72-73 74-77 78-79 80-81 82-83 84-127

Device Type EBC EnergyBus Controller master of EnergyBus AC-to-DC converter (Charge stations) Energy management system (Batteries) Motor control unit (Electronic) Motor control unit (Motors) Reserved HMI unit (Displays / user communication) Security device / key system Onboard energy device / DCDC converter Sensor unit (Accelerator) Sensor unit (Paddle / torque Sensor) Service PC Reserved

notes Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

Active Devices: Motor controller Include Motor control unit and EnergyBus controller (master) Motor controller Motor

Power-

Optional: 12V Auxiliary Voltage

Motor Controller and EBC EnergyBus Master ID 1 / 42

182

Power+

Power Stage

AUX-12V AUX-GND

CAN Driver

CAN-high CAN-low

Johannes Dörndorfer Electragil · EnergyBus protocol with ACRON drive train

notes Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

Active Devices: Motor controller Two Virtual Devices in one Hardware - Motor control unit - EnergyBus controller (EBC master)

Communication: - Reading Limits form the Battery and other Energy Sources (Voltage / Current) for Motor Adjustments to avoid a overloading - Check all devices in the Network - Switch on and off all components in the Network - Send Vehicle Speed to the Display - Send Motor Power to the Display - Receive Setup of Boost form the Display - Receive Setup of max. Speed from the Display - Receive and send adjustments from Service PC - Software update of the motor controller over the EnergyBus

notes Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

Active Devices: Battery pack Include Energy Management System Battery pack

Power+

Switch

Power-

12V Auxiliary Voltage

AUX-12V AUX-GND

BMS Controller Cells

EnergyBus Slave 1. Pack ID10 2. Pack ID11 3. Pack ID12

CAN Driver

CAN-high CAN-low

notes Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

Active Devices: Battery pack One virtual devices in one hardware - Energy Management System

Communication: - Switch on and off the pack on request from charger or motor controller - Sending limits of voltage and current to the EBC (in the motor controller) - Sending information of capacity to the display - Sending measurement of current and voltage to the display and EBC - Sending information of voltage and current for best charge to the charger - Sending detail information of all measurement inside the pack to development and service tools - Software update of the battery pack over the EnergyBus

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Johannes Dörndorfer Electragil · EnergyBus protocol with ACRON drive train

Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

notes

Active Devices: Charger Include AC to DC Converter, EnergyBus Controller and USB Gateway Charger 110/230V AC Input

Power+

Power Supply

Power-

Optional: 12V Auxiliary Voltage

USB

Charger Controller, Gateway and EBC

(AUX-12V) AUX-GND

CAN Driver

CAN-high CAN-low

EnergyBus Master/Slave ID 2

notes Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

Active Devices: Charger Three virtual devices in one hardware - AD/DC converter - EnergyBus controller EBC - Gateway EnergyBus / USB

Communication: - Switch on and off connected EnergyBus sources - Read from batteries setup for charging - Read from all devices measurement current and voltage.

- Build gateway and translate between USB and EnergyBus - Send information of charging time to display - Setup from display for type of charging (fast / slow / quite charging) - Software update of the charger over the EnergyBus or USB

notes Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

Passive Devices: Display Display LCD Display, Keys…

12V Auxiliary Voltage

AUX-12V AUX-GND

Display Controller EnergyBus Slave ID 64

184

CAN Driver

CAN-high CAN-low

Johannes Dörndorfer Electragil · EnergyBus protocol with ACRON drive train

notes Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

Passive Devices: Display One virtual devices in one hardware - HMI Interface

Communication: - Sending information to EBC to switch on and off the Vehicle - Read from batteries the capacity - Read from all devices measurement current and voltage.

- Read from motor controller vehicle speed - Read from pedal torque and speed of pedal - Setup “boost” of pedelec in the motor controller - Setup maximal speed in the motor controller - Software update of the display over the EnergyBus or USB

notes Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

Passive Devices: Pedal sensor Paddle Sensor Torque and Speed Sensor 12V Auxiliary Voltage

AUX-12V AUX-GND

Sensor Controller EnergyBus Slave ID 80

CAN Driver

CAN-high CAN-low

notes Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

Passive Devices: Pedal Sensor One virtual devices in one hardware - Sensor Unit

Communication: - Sending torque and speed of pedal - Sending and receive of information for factory adjustments of sensor - Software update of the display over the EnergyBus or USB

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Johannes Dörndorfer Electragil · EnergyBus protocol with ACRON drive train

notes

Communication charging Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

Vehicle switch off / charger connected

EBC / Charger Master/Slave ID 2

Switch on/off

Voltage Current

Battery 1 Slave ID 16

Battery 2 Slave ID 17

EBC / Motor controller Master ID 1 / 42

Display Slave ID 50

Torque sensor Slave ID 60

notes

Communication drive Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

Vehicle on / charger off

EBC / Charger Master/Slave ID 2

Battery 1 Slave ID 16

Capacity

Switch on/off

Voltage Current

Battery 2 Slave ID 17

EBC / Motor controller Master ID 1 / 42

Speed

Display Slave ID 50

Torque

Torque sensor Slave ID 60

Compatibility Check Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

For startup the system: • Connector must fit in • Master EBC and 12V Aux activated • Communication to all components • Check of compatible level in software, voltage and currents of all devices • If all OK -> switch on the energy to the power line

Connection Check While the system is running: • The EBC must always check the communication to all devices • No communication -> switch off the device

186

notes

Johannes Dörndorfer Electragil · EnergyBus protocol with ACRON drive train

notes Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

EBC EnergyBus Controller The EBC is Software placed in one device of the vehicle.

The EBC will handle the energy flow in and out of the EnergyBus. The EBC will check and bring the system in a stable situation with: • Overvoltage protections • Under voltage protections • Over current protections for the components, cabling and connectors • Handling of multi battery and hybrid systems

notes Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

notes

Dynamic Limitation A second way to protect the system for a overload is the sending the messages of a “Dynamic Limitation” to all devices.

Three types of limitations are possible: - Dynamic current out limitation - Dynamic current in limitation - Dynamic voltage limitation Example: If the discharge current for the battery is to high the Battery can send a current out limitation to all devices (0-100%).

So all motor controllers can reduce the current consumption to bring the System quick in a stable situation.

Protocol DS301 / DS303-1 Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

187

Johannes D枚rndorfer Electragil 路 EnergyBus protocol with ACRON drive train

Protocol DS301 / DS303-1

notes

Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

Protocol DS301 / DS303-1

notes

Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

Protocol DS301 / DS303-1 Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

188

notes

Johannes D枚rndorfer Electragil 路 EnergyBus protocol with ACRON drive train

notes

Protocol DS301 / DS303-1 Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

notes

Protocol DS301 / DS303-1 Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

notes

Protocol DS301 / DS303-1 Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

189

Johannes D枚rndorfer Electragil 路 EnergyBus protocol with ACRON drive train

Protocol DS301 / DS303-1

notes

Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

Protocol DS301 / DS303-1

notes

Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

Protocol DS301 / DS303-1 Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

190

notes

Johannes D枚rndorfer Electragil 路 EnergyBus protocol with ACRON drive train

notes

Protocol DS301 / DS303-1 Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

notes

Protocol DS301 / DS303-1 Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

notes

Protocol DS301 / DS303-1 Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

191

Johannes Dörndorfer Electragil · EnergyBus protocol with ACRON drive train

notes

Protocol DS301 / DS303-1 Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

notes

Protocol EB-1 Example for a Battery Overview PDOs sending by the Battery to all other components Hardware Devices Network PDO 1: Sending on changes max. all 50 mSec. Compatibility 0 15 16 31 32 47 48 63 EBC Device Status Device dynamic Device dynamic Device dynamic Protocol current in current out current in Limitation [%] Limitation [%] Limitation [%] Sample Tools Questions PDO 2: Sending all 100 mSec. 0

31

Device actual current [mA]

32

63

Device actual voltage [mV]

PDO 3: Sending all 5000 mSec. 0

31

Actual battery capacity [Wh]

32

47

Battery temperature [°C]

48

63

Electronic temperature [°C]

notes

Protocol EB-1 for a motor controller Overview Hardware PDOs sending by the motor controller to all other Devices components Network PDO 1: Sending on changes max. all 50 mSec. Compatibility 0 15 16 31 32 47 48 63 EBC Device Status Device dynamic Device dynamic Device dynamic Protocol current in current out current in Limitation [%] Limitation [%] Limitation [%] Sample Tools Questions PDO 2: Sending all 100 mSec. 0

31

Device actual current [mA]

32

63

Device actual voltage [mV]

PDO 3: Sending all 500 mSec. 0

15

Vehicle Speed [km/h]

192

16

Motor speed [RPM]

31

32

47

Motor temperature [°C]

48

63

Electronic temperature [°C]

Johannes Dörndorfer Electragil · EnergyBus protocol with ACRON drive train

notes

Protocol EB-1 SDOs Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

SDOs for all EnergyBus Devices (Mandatory) ID

Function

0x1000

Device type (Information what kind of Device is this)

0x1001

Error register

0x1018

Identify object (Information like Manufacturer, Version, Serial Number)

0x6006

Device Control (Switch on and off the Device)

0x6008

Device Status (Check the actually Status of the Device)

0x6009

Device availability status

0x6018

Device maximum input current (Physical Limit of the device)

0x6019

Device maximum output current (Physical Limit of the device)

0x601B

Device dynamic current in limitation

0x601C

Device dynamic current out limitation

0x6021

Device minimum voltage (Physical Limit of the device)

0x6022

Device maximum voltage (Physical Limit of the device)

0x6023

Device dynamic voltage limitation

0x6020

Device Rated Voltage (typical Voltage)

0x6001

System date and time

0x601A

Device actual current

0x6024

Device internal Voltage

0x6025

Device external Voltage

notes

Protocol EB-2 SDOs Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

notes

SDOs for Batteries (Mandatory) ID

Function

0x600A

Battery Tape (Chemestry)

0x600B

Rated battery Wh capacity (datasheet value)

0x6028

Device number of cells (Serial and parallel)

0x600D

Actual battery Wh capacity

0x600F

Full charge Wh capacity

Sample Communication Charger - Battery Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

Battery ID10

Charger ID2

Searching for “Battery is Connected?” by sending SYNC messages to the bus (see DS301) Sending of SYNC all 100mSec. ID

Data all 100mSec.

0x80

A new connected battery answer with a boot up messages Bootup Messagage from Battery

Ask Device ID10 with SDO “Device Type”

ID

Data

0x70A

0x00

Read Device Type (0x1000) ID

Data

0x60A

0x40 0x00 0x10 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00

Answer from Device ID10 “Device Type” I am a EnergyBus Device Battery Sending Device Type (0x1000) ID

Data

0x58A

0x42 0x00 0x10 0x00 0xC6 0x01 0x01 0x00

193

Johannes Dörndorfer Electragil · EnergyBus protocol with ACRON drive train

Sample Communication Charger - Battery Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

Charger ID2

notes

Battery ID10

Ask device ID10 for “Status” Read Status (0x6008 0x01) ID

Data

0x60A

0x40 0x08 0x60 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00

Answer from device ID10 “Status” I am off Sending Status (0x6008 0x01)

Ask device ID10 for “maximum input current”

ID

Data

0x58A

0x42 0x08 0x60 0x01 0x02 0x0B 0x00 0x00

Read maximum input current (0x6018 0x01) ID

Data

0x60A

0x40 0x18 0x60 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00

Answer from device ID10 “maximum input current” is 10000mA (0x2710) Sending maximum input current (0x6018 0x01)

Ask device ID10 for “maximum Voltage”

ID

Data

0x58A

0x42 0x18 0x60 0x01 0x10 0x27 0x00 0x00

Read maximum voltage (0x6022 0x01) ID

Data

0x60A

0x40 0x22 0x60 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00

Answer from device ID10 “maximum voltage” is 41500mV (0xA21C) Sending maximum voltage (0x6022 0x01) ID

Data

0x58A

0x42 0x22 0x60 0x01 0x1C 0xA2 0x00 0x00

Sample Communication Charger - Battery Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

Charger ID2 If all Ok and the charge can work with this limits. Start the NMT for the battery Start NMT for ID10 ID

Data

0x00

0x01 0x0A

notes

Battery ID10

Now the battery sends PDOs with information about status, voltage, current, capacity and temperatures PDO1, PDO2, PDO2 ID

Data

0x18A

0x02 0x0B 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00

0x28A

0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0xA0 0x8C 0x00 0x00

0x38A

0x48 0xE8 0x01 0x00 0x8A 0x02 0x76 0x02

If all OK and all values are in a save range the charger switch on the battery and start the charging Write Device Control (0x6006 0x01) ID

Data

0x60A

0x22 0x06 0x60 0x01 0x2F 0x00 0x00 0x00

Answer from Device ID10 “The Battery is switch on Sending Device Type (0x1000) ID

Data

0x58A

0x60 0x06 0x60 0x01 0x2F 0x00 0x00 0x00

Tools - Software Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

For integrate EnergyBus in your application You can buy ready software for the CANopen stack and test tools for your application.

The following tools are ready to use in your applications for CANopen. www.ixxat.com www.vector.com www.port.de www.systec-electronic.com www.microcontrol.net For detail information please go to there websites and contact them.

194

notes

Johannes Dörndorfer Electragil · EnergyBus protocol with ACRON drive train

notes

Tools - Scopes Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

notes

For analyze problems on the wiring and CAN drivers there are scopes in the market to analyze the physical signals on the network. www.lecroy.com

Tools - Instruments Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

notes

For recording CAN-Datas and look on all Values in combination with analog measurement, Video, GPS… www.dewetron.com

Recording Datas with Tool Dewetron Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

195

Johannes Dörndorfer Electragil · EnergyBus protocol with ACRON drive train

Tools – learning CANopen Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

notes

CANschools for newcomers in selected countries, CANopen trainings as well as consulting services.

CiA presents papers at conferences and provides public relation activities on CAN technologies including technical articles, application reports and press releases. www.can-cia.org

notes Overview Hardware Devices Network Compatibility EBC Protocol Sample Tools Questions

Questions ?

Johannes Doerndorfer Extra Energy Mail: Doerndorfer@extra-energy.org

196

Gijs Rooversâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; ID Bike Sensor technology

Gijs Roovers ID Bike · Sensor technology

notes

Synergy between cyclist and his bike: The pedelec with torque sensor October 2010

INNOVATIVE DESIGN OF BIKE COMPONENTS

notes

Contents

• IDbike activities • How does the cyclist interact with the bicycle • Legal and practical aspects • Why is torque control the best • Types of torque sensors for pedelecs • Evaluation of torque sensors • Some properties of IDbike TMM4 • Conclusions

INNOVATIVE DESIGN OF BIKE COMPONENTS

notes

Introducing IDbike SyS IDbike SyS aims to offer the best controllers and sensors for pedelecs IDbike SyS activities are development and production of – Controller and Display for pedelec and Ebikes – Driving software – TMM4 torque sensors, sensor plates, covers, coaster brake switch etc, – Drive motor

INNOVATIVE DESIGN OF BIKE COMPONENTS

198

Gijs Roovers ID Bike · Sensor technology

notes

-Design test equipment

-Design systems and components

- Production of sensors, displays and controllers

INNOVATIVE DESIGN OF BIKE COMPONENTS

notes

TMM torque sensor systems

Patents obtained and pending for: • TMM3: special application for belts/chain drives in indoor cycles, which have a high belt tension • TMM4: for application on right side frame drop-out • TMM5: for application in the crank set

INNOVATIVE DESIGN OF BIKE COMPONENTS

notes

Electric bicycles • Pedelec – Normal pedelec < 25 kph – Fast pedelec < 45 kph (category in development) • E-bike – Mofa style: 20kph – Moped style: 45 kph – Motorcycle style: > 45 kph

INNOVATIVE DESIGN OF BIKE COMPONENTS

199

Gijs Roovers ID Bike · Sensor technology

notes

Pedelec vs E-bike

Pedelec (25 kph)

E-bike (25 – 45 kph)

Advantage

• Health benefit & comfortable through active riding position • Smaller battery required • No age limits • No helmet obligation • Can be cheaper than E-bike

Disadvantage

Pedalling action required

No pedalling required

• Passive riding, sprung fork and saddle required • Bigger battery & motor • Age limit • Helmet obligation • Driving license, Insurance required • Higher cost

INNOVATIVE DESIGN OF BIKE COMPONENTS

notes

Legal aspects Pedelec EU: pedelec motor power depends on pedalling action of cyclist, power, 250W, support speed < 25 kph Japan: pedelec motor output torque is restricted to 2 x the pedal torque of the cyclist, power<250W, support speed< 24 kph USA: only speed and motor power support speed<20 mph, power<750W etc

INNOVATIVE DESIGN OF BIKE COMPONENTS

notes

Control of pedelec / E-bike Cyclist / riding control signal can be: – Motorcycle style twist grip (E-bike -power on demand- POD) – Crank speed sensor (suitable for Pedelec) – Torque sensor (suitable for Pedelec) Other control signals may be (in combination with one of the above)

– – – –

Heart rate Riding speed (cruise control) Cyclist weight on the saddle Inclination (hill climb) of the bicycle

INNOVATIVE DESIGN OF BIKE COMPONENTS

200

Gijs Roovers ID Bike · Sensor technology

notes

Advantage of torque sensor vs crank speed and POD • Supports adapts automatically to the riding conditions • Natural cycling feeling • Operation very simple and natural, • Improvement of range through adaptive support • Crank torque sensing and power display – Torque sensors can be used to measure the crank torque with high accuracy – Crank speed and power can be calculated from torque pattern

INNOVATIVE DESIGN OF BIKE COMPONENTS

notes

Example of torque signal

INNOVATIVE DESIGN OF BIKE COMPONENTS

notes

Requirements control system Goal: Good feeling, synergy, between cyclist and the bike.

To realise this it is required to have: – Good torque sensor, high resolution, high capability, no friction (hysteresis) – Motor controller that is capable of handling torque signal and motor current with sufficient resolution and response speed – Good driving software to translate torque signal to quick, reactive and smooth power from the motor

INNOVATIVE DESIGN OF BIKE COMPONENTS

201

Gijs Roovers ID Bike · Sensor technology

notes

Torque sensor systems – IDbike TMM4 frame mounted sensor used by JD, UM, Currie, Trek, Gazelle, Giant, Stroemer, Gepida – Bosch/FAG, Panasonic, Yamaha, Thun crank sensors based on magneto-strictive principle, in simple version only for left crank, in full version for both cranks.

– TMM1 motor mounted sensor used by BionX, Sparta – Sprung chain wheel sensors: Sanyo, Chinese suppliers – Other systems: Sunstar, SRM, Quarq, Powertap, Shimano, etc

INNOVATIVE DESIGN OF BIKE COMPONENTS

notes

Examples of Torque sensors

Sprung chainwheel

Bosch

Quarq

Powertap

BionX

IDbike TMM4

Thun

INNOVATIVE DESIGN OF BIKE COMPONENTS

notes

Comparison Torque sensors Accuracy

System Response

Feel

Weight (gr)

++

++

++

++

+100

Separate, Custom frame dropout

-

Bosch, Panasonic, Yamaha, etc

-

++

++

++

+ 300

Custom BB, In complete drive unit

-

Crankshaft Left only

Thun

0

++

--

++

+50

Separate, Standard BB

Spr. Chain wheel (Coil, photocell, hall)

Custom CW

Sanyo, Sunstar, chinese suppliers

0

0

+

--

+250 / +600

separate, Special CW

+

TMM1 (Strain gauge)

Motor axle

Sparta, BionX

+

++

++

++

+50

In e-motor

+

Power sensor (Strain gauges)

Crankspider , rear hub

SRM, Quark Powertap,

---

++

++

++

+100

Custom spider, hub

++

System

location

make

cost

TMM4 (Hall sensor)

In frame

IDbike

Magneto strictive (coils)

Crankshaft L+R

Magneto strictive (coils)

INNOVATIVE DESIGN OF BIKE COMPONENTS

202

Installation

++

Gijs Roovers ID Bike · Sensor technology

notes

Advantage TMM system • Low cost, low weight • High resolution and perfectly linear • High drive train stiffness and efficiency • Robust construction • High life expectancy, no wear • Multifunctional – derailleur (up to 30 speeds) – hub gear – front- and rear wheel hub motor – and middle / central motor drive

• Suitable for coaster brake in combination with CBS INNOVATIVE DESIGN OF BIKE COMPONENTS

notes

TMM sensor system

INNOVATIVE DESIGN OF BIKE COMPONENTS

notes

TMM Sensor system Sensor en sensor cover

Interface plate

Sensor plate

INNOVATIVE DESIGN OF BIKE COMPONENTS

203

Gijs Roovers ID Bike · Sensor technology

notes

IDbike drive system • Controller + Software

• Display

• Sensor assembly

• Coaster Brake Switch (optional)

INNOVATIVE DESIGN OF BIKE COMPONENTS

notes

Summary Torque sensing is the best way to control a pedelec, however it must be done properly, so the requirements of controller, torque sensor and software must be met.

The IDbike TMM system has an overall advantage over other systems when compared on cost, performance, durability and total integration.

INNOVATIVE DESIGN OF BIKE COMPONENTS

notes

Contact • www.idbike.com • Info@idbike.com • IDbike SyS Alphenseweg 2D 5133 NE Riel Netherlands

INNOVATIVE DESIGN OF BIKE COMPONENTS

204

David Guzikâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; LEVA Summary Performance Standard work at LEVA and ExtraEnergy â&#x20AC;&#x201C; A tool for testing, development directions as well as marketing

David Guzik LEVA Summary Performance Standard work at LEVA and ExtraEnergy A tool for testing, development directions as well as marketing

notes

05 October 2010 LEV, Cologne

notes

Light Electric Vehicle Association (LEVA) is a global trade association. LEVA was created to: pursue the common goals and interests of the LEV industry, develop technical standards for LEVs, and to promote the use of LEVs worldwide.

All component suppliers, manufacturers, dealers, distributors, assemblers, wholesalers, retailers, and interested individuals are invited to join. To date we have over 175 members from 26 countries.

www.levassociation.com 05 October 2010 LEV, Cologne

notes

Committee Members David Guzik – Trek Bicycle- USA Larry Pizzi – Currie Tech- USA Michael DeVisser - OHM Cycles- Canada Gijs Roovers – ID Bike- Netherlands Luca Destro – TEC Eurolab- Italy Sidney Kurpchak – LEVA- USA Ed Benjamin – Chairman, LEVA & Managing Partner, eCycleElectric- USA Hannes Neupert – ExtraEnergy- Germany Robert Lankin – Accelerated Systems- Canada

05 October 2010 LEV, Cologne

206

David Guzik LEVA Summary Performance Standard work at LEVA and ExtraEnergy A tool for testing, development directions as well as marketing

notes

Primary Goal: Create a standard test method and rating system so that customers can easily compare important and meaningful factors between bikes.

Secondary goal: Provide product that meets customer expectations.

05 October 2010 LEV, Cologne

notes

What does our customer want to know?

1.What

is the assist? is the range?

3.How is range affected by assist ratio and battery capacity?

4.How does brake regeneration work and what does it do for range?

5.How many charges can the battery take?

6.How long will a charge last?

7.What type of battery does it have and is it safe?

8.How much weight does the battery and motor add?

9.What is the Max speed?

10.What is efficiency – system vs. motor 2.What

05 October 2010 LEV, Cologne

notes

Assist Ratio & Range Definition of influence factors: • Conditions: temperature, wind, slope • Weight of rider and luggage • Battery size • Tire pressure • Brake regeneration, etc

05 October 2010 LEV, Cologne

207

David Guzikâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; LEVA Summary Performance Standard work at LEVA and ExtraEnergy A tool for testing, development directions as well as marketing

notes

Methods: 1. Need a testing protocol 2. Agree on what the protocol should be 3. Try to test to the protocol. Does it make sense?

4. Should the protocol be based on real-world riding or lab testing?

5. Pedelecs and Power on demand

05 October 2010 LEV, Cologne

notes Pedelecs Rider Bike Input % assist Speed Torque Drive Cycle (support) (kph) (Nm)

Flat (highway) maximum

Hill climb4% grade maximum

city (mixed cycle) maximum

Current Rider Test Output meas Voltage weight what we Duration Number Grad of (Amps) @ meas (V) (kg) measure (Minutes) of hills hill (%) battery @ battery Support rate a % of the total. How varies much is based on supplied by the the motor out amount of of the total Highest 70 power.

1min 0 0 12.8 37 25 support Support rate a % of the total. How varies much is based on supplied by the the motor out amount of of the total Highest 70 power.

12 support 1min 1 4 12.8 37 Support rate a % of the total. How much is varies supplied by based on the the motor out amount of of the total 12 support Highest 70 power.

3 min 4 variable 12.8 37 Bike gear

05 October 2010 LEV, Cologne

# of Goal of runs test

Customer

calculate range based on power consumption and battery energy storage.

max 1 range

Commuter, flatlander, fitness

calculate range based on power consumption and battery energy storage.

climbing Fitness, ability lives in 1 range mountains

calculate range based on power consumption and battery energy storage.

normal riding 1 range

range

Commuter, fitness

Power on demand can be tested similarly at full throttle

notes

Consumer Rating

Flat Highway

Score

Hill Climb (4% grade)

Score

City (mixed grades)

Score

Performance rating example

05 October 2010 LEV, Cologne

208

David Guzikâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; LEVA Summary Performance Standard work at LEVA and ExtraEnergy A tool for testing, development directions as well as marketing

notes

Concerns: 1.

Globally accepted by manufacturers 2.

Simple and repeatable 3.

Low cost to conform by manufacturers 4.

Reliable 5.

Self Certify 6.

Beneficial to consumer 7.

Other groups working on similar standards 8.

Performance standards other than assist & range??

05 October 2010 LEV, Cologne

notes

What: Working group discussion When: Thursday, October 6th at 10AM Where: Congress Centre north, 2nd floor, Rheinsaal Section 1-4

05 October 2010 LEV, Cologne

209

Wim Jonkerâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; EBSC ION Technology: The Intelligent E-Bike System

Wim Jonker EBSC ¡ ION Technology: The Intelligent E-Bike System

notes

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Wim Jonker EBSC · ION Technology: The Intelligent E-Bike System

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Wim Jonker EBSC ¡ ION Technology: The Intelligent E-Bike System

notes

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Albrecht Krausâ&#x20AC;&#x201A;Philips LED light

Albrecht Kraus Philips 路 LED light

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Albrecht Kraus Philips 路 LED light

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LEV Conference 2010 Cologne 4. – 5. October 2010 www.levconference.org Publisher ExtraEnergy e. V. · www.extraenergy.org Editors Johannes Brodführer & Hannes Neupert Design büro pluspunkt · www.bueropluspunkt.de To order the LEV Conference reader please write an email to: info@extraenergy.org ExtraEnergy e.V. Koskauer Straße 100 · Tanna · Germany © ExtraEnergy and the authors, 2010

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