SSI Open Water Final Exam..2024

SSI Open Water Final Exam Which of the statements concerning sound transmission underwater is incorrect?

-Sound will travel farther underwater then in air -Divers find it difficult to locate the direction of a sound producing source -Divers find it easy to talk to each other directly through water -Sound travels four times faster underwater than in air - ✔-Divers find it easy to talk to each other directly through water The absolute pressure expressed in terms of atmospheres absolute at 33 feet in sea water is: -2 ata -1 ata - 4 ata - 3 ata - ✔2 ata The condition in which certain colors are diminished as depth increases is called: -Refraction -Turbidity -Diffusion -Absorption - ✔Absorption Earplugs -Aid equalization of the middle of the ear - Protect against cold -Should never be worn while diving -Protect ears from squeeze - ✔-Should never be worn while diving Gauge pressure is defined as: - Hydrostatic pressure minus 1 ata - The pressure at the surface - The depth reading on a gauge - Absolute pressure minus 1 ata - ✔- Absolute pressure minus 1 ata Sinus squeeze can be prevented by: -Valsalva technique - Wearing earplugs - Tilting the divers head back and forth - Not diving with a cold - ✔- Not diving with a cold The event that led to the use of the acronym SCUBA to describe diving was: - ✔The development of the demand regulator in 1943

Ear squeeze can be prevented by -Relaxing -All answers are correct - Never diving with a cold - rotating the jaw, swallowing or Valsalva - ✔-All answers are correct The first symptom of a sinus squeeze is usually: - a dull pain deep within the head - a sharp pain at the base of the neck - a crushing pain high in the chest - a sharp pain above the eyes - ✔- a sharp pain above the eyes If you experience pain in the ear during descent: -Stop the descent and ascend till the pain stops - abort the dive -place a finger in the ear canal and gently massage the ear until the pain ceases - continue the descent while gently exhaling into the mask - ✔- continue the descent while gently exhaling into the mask Body heat is lost at a rate of ___ than air. - ✔25-30 times faster Proper equalization techniques must be learned in order to: -prevent sinus squeeze -prevent ear pain -prevent squeeze injuries - all answers are correct - ✔- all answers are correct Salt water weighs ___ pounds per cubic foot and freshwater weighs ___ pounds per cubic foot. - ✔64/62.5 Underwater, the bending of light rays causes objects to appear to be: - ✔closer The purpose of equalization is to: -ensure the uneven application of pressure between the water and air spaces in the body -prevent water from entering air spaces in the body -introduce additional air into body air spaces in response to increasing external pressure -remove all fluids from body air spaces - ✔-introduce additional air into body air spaces in response to increasing external pressure One atmosphere of pressure is defined as -1 ata -each 34ft of depth in freshwater -each 33ft of depth in saltwater -all answers are correct - ✔-all answers are correct

The three primary features to look for in a quality Exposure System are: ✔Thickness,fit, seam integrity An object immersed in water will be buoyed upward by a force ______ the weight of the water it displaces. - ✔equal to A high pressure scuba cylinder should be stored: -secured with a minimum of 500 t0 750 psi -lying flat with no air -with the valve slightly open to allow air expansion -secured with the valve open - ✔-secured with a minimum of 500 t0 750 psi The most efficient breathing pattern for scuba diving is: - ✔deep balanced inhalation followed by long balanced exhalation, without any pause One of the primary factors contributing to heat loss for divers is: -Absorption -Convection -Diffusion -Refraction - ✔-Convection The Information System components are: - ✔Dive Computer, Analogue Instruments, if the Dive Computer does not supply all necessary information and SSI Total DiveLog The purpose of a BC is to: -Provide surface floatation -Maintain neutral buoyancy during the dive -Control ascent and descent rates -all answers are correct - ✔-all answers are correct Which of the following Total Diving System subsystems best describes the SCUBA? -Delivery system -Buoyancy system -Information system -Snorkeling system - ✔-Delivery system Under the SSI Equipment Service Program, your Delivery System should be serviced and performance checked: -every 3 years -every 5 years -every month -every year - ✔-every year

Assuming a consistent air consumption rate, diving at a pressure of 4 ata will use __ as much air as diving at 2 ata. - ✔2 times During normal diving activities, divers should never exceed an ascent rate of __ feet per minute. - ✔30 A scuba tank for recreational diving should be filled with: -A mixture of helium and oxygen -Pure, filtered compressed air or Nitrox -A mixture of hydrogen and oxygen -pure oxygen - ✔ The rate at which the body becomes saturated with nitrogen: -will vary based on factors, such as depth and blood supply to a particular area of the body -is always the same rate - is slower at the beginning of the process and faster at the end of the process -is faster t the beginning of the process and slower at the end of the process - ✔-will vary based on factors, such as depth and blood supply to a particular area of the body Haldanes theory that the human body can withstand a 2:1 pressure difference was revised by D Workman to a nitrogen ratio of: -3:1 -1:1 -5:1 -1.58:1 - ✔-1.58:1 If a flexible air-filled container at 100 feet of sea water has a volume of 10 cu ft, what would be the volume if it were transported to the surface?

-20 cu ft -15 cu ft -40 cu ft -30 cu ft - ✔-40 cu ft The transfer of oxygen and nitrogen into the bloodstream occurs through the walls of the: -Arteries -Bronchiole trees -Alveoli -Blood vessels - ✔-Alveoli Which of the following would be inappropriate treatment for a diver evidencing symptoms of Decompression Sickness?

-Giving them pure oxygen -Taking the victim back underwater

-Giving them CPR -Treat for shock - ✔-Taking the victim back underwater The most serious lung overexpansion injury is: -Arterial gas Embolism -Mediastinal emphysema -Pneumothorax -Subcutaneous emphysema - ✔-Arterial gas Embolism The term gradient can be described as: - ✔The difference between the internal partial pressure and the external partial pressure of a gas Which of the following overexpansion injuries can be characterized by chest pain, breathing difficulties, weakness, and cyanosis (blueness) of the lips and nail beds: -bends -Subcutaneous emphysema -Mediastinal emphysema and Pneumothorax -Rupture of the eardrum - ✔-Mediastinal emphysema and Pneumothorax In air at 1 ata, the partial pressure of nitrogen is___, oxygen is_____.

-.21/.79 ata -1.5/.8 ata - .79/.21 ata - .8/.4 ata - ✔- .79/.21 ata Gas can enter the bloodstream and cause serious damage to the lungs or even death by: -ascending to fast -holding your breath underwater -diving with respiratory congestion -all answers are correct - ✔-all answers are correct The term No-decompression Limit is defined as: - ✔maximum allowed time at depth without having to perform a mandatory decompression stop during the ascent To use a compass to navigate to a sighted object: - ✔Point the compass toward the object, rotate the bezel until the witness marks are over the magnetic needle, and follow the lubber line A dive computer keeps track of a diver's nitrogen absorption levels so that the diver can: -Avoid an Arterial gas Embolism -Stay within the no decompression limits on each dive -dive deeper than 100 feet - Make decompression dives - ✔-Stay within the no decompression limits on each dive

You should perform a safety stop at 15 feet for 3 to 5 minutes on every dive. true false - ✔true What is a surface interval? - ✔The amount of time the diver stays out of the water or on the surface between dives Residual nitrogen is defined as: - ✔The amount of excessive nitrogen dissolved in our blood stream and tissues after a dive Two examples of hard coral are: fire and star elkhorn and staghorn sea fan and brain all answers are correct - ✔elkhorn and staghorn More than ___ of Earth's oxygen is produced by marine plants. - ✔85% A dependent action to take in response to an out of air emergency is: - an emergency buoyant ascent -sharing air using the primary second stage and using the alternate air source yourself - a controlled swimming ascent -all answers are correct - ✔sharing air using the primary second stage and using the alternate air source yourself The first thing you should do if you observe signs of panic in a diver at the surface is: ✔completely fill your BC and instruct the panicked diver to establish positive buoyancy To achieve the SSI Advanced Open Water Diver rating, a diver is required to: ✔Complete 4 Specialty Courses and log a total of 24 dives In a deep water out of air emergency, and your buddy is not close enough, the best response to this emergency is to perform a Controlled Swimming Ascent: true false - ✔false To achieve the SSI Specialty Diver rating, a diver is required to: - ✔Complete any 2 Speciality courses AND Log a total of 12 dives An independent action to take in response to an out of air emergency is: - controlled swimming ascent -ascent with alternate air source -sharing air using an alternate air source -sharing air using primary second stage - ✔- controlled swimming ascent

To achieve the SSI Master Diver rating, a diver is required to: - ✔Be certified as an SSI Advanced Open Water Diver, complete the SSI Stress and Rescue Specialty Course, and log a total of 50 dives