BIOS 255 /BIOS255 Midterm Exam (Latest 2024/2025) Anatomy & Physiology III A&P III - Chamberlain

BIOS 255 / BIOS255 Midterm Exam (Latest 2024/2025): Anatomy & Physiology III / A&P III - Chamberlain 2 layers of pericardium ANSWER: visceral and parietal 3 blood vessel layers ANSWER: tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa anastomosis ANSWER: Provide an alternate route for blood flow Arteries Carrie blood ANSWER: Away from the heart Autoregulation ANSWER: the ability of tissues to regulate their own blood supply Baroreceptors ANSWER: important pressure-sensitive sensory neurons that monitor stretching of the walls of blood vessels and the atria Blood composition ANSWER: 55% plasma, 45% formed elements Blood flow through coronary ____________delivers oxygenated blood to the myocardium ANSWER: Arteries buffy coat contains ANSWER: WBCs and platelet Cardiac muscle cells are self -excitable which are called ANSWER: Autorhythmic Cardiac output equation ANSWER: heart rate x stroke volume cerebral arterial circle (circle of willis) ANSWER: an anastomosis surrounding the pituitary glad common hepatic ANSWER: Supplies the liver

Coronary ______________ remove CO2 and waste from myocardium ANSWER: Veins Do all blood cells originate from hematopoietic stem cells? ANSWER: Yes Each hemoglobin molecule contains ANSWER: 4 iron atoms Erythropoiesis ANSWER: production of red blood cells Factors that affect blood flow (5) ANSWER: 1.Increased blood volume 2. Skeletal muscle pump 3. Respiratory pump 4. Venoconstriction 5.increased venous return Functions of blood (3) ANSWER: transport, regulation, protection Hemopoiesis ANSWER: blood cell formation Homeostasis involves (3) ANSWER: Vascular spasm Platelet plug formation Blood clotting (coagulation) Homeostatic imbalances disorders (5) ANSWER: Coronary artery disease Atherosclerotic plaques Congenital heart defects Arrhythmia Congested heart failure If blood can clot too easily it can result in______________? ANSWER: Thrombosis left atrium receives blood from ANSWER: pulmonary veins

Left ventricle recurved blood from the ________, and sends blood __________ ANSWER: left atrium, all over body Leukocytes are classified as ANSWER: granular and agranular lymphocytes life span ANSWER: weeks to years lymphoid cells (lymphocytes) ANSWER: T cells and B cells, NK cells Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) ANSWER: Diastolic pressure + pulse pressure / 3 myeloid stem cells ANSWER: give rise to red blood cells, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and platelets platelet plug formation (3) ANSWER: adhesion, release reaction, aggregation Pulse pressure equation ANSWER: systolic - diastolic pressure R/L atrioventricular valves ANSWER: prevent back flow from the ventricles into the atria R/L semilunar valves ANSWER: prevent back flow from the arteries into the ventricles RBC's contain _____________, which catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid ANSWER: Carbonic anhydrase RBC's live for ANSWER: 120 days RBCs are ________________, which allows them to carry oxygen more efficiently ANSWER: Bioconcave discs regular aerobic exercise can (6) ANSWER: Increase cardiac output

Increase HDL Decrease triglycerides Improve lung function Decrease blood pressure Assist in weight control Regulation of Stroke Volume (3) ANSWER: preload, contractility, afterload Reticulocytes ANSWER: immature red blood cells right atrium receives blood from ANSWER: superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus Right ventricle receives blood from ______________, and sends blood to the ______________?

ANSWER: right atrium, lungs Small, unwanted clots are usually dissolved by ANSWER: plasmin (fibrinolysin) Starling's Law of the Capillaries ANSWER: Filtration (blood capillaries to interstitial fluid) Reabsorption ( interstitial fluid to blood capillaries) Substances cross capillary walls by: ANSWER: diffusion, transcytosis, bulk flow The 3 heart wall layers ANSWER: 1. Epicardium 2. Myocardium 3. Endocardium The heart is enclosed and held in place by ___________? ANSWER: Pericardium The heart is located in the ANSWER: mediastinum the largest portion of blood is in ? ANSWER: Systemic veins

The visceral and parietal layers are seperated by the ANSWER: Serious cavity types of capillaries ANSWER: continuous, fenestrated, sinusoid Types of shock (4) ANSWER: •Hypovolemic •Distributive •Cardiogenic •Obstructive Vascular resistance depends on . 3 things ANSWER: size of lumen, blood viscosity, total blood vessel length vasodilation ANSWER: increase in diameter of a blood vessel Venous return assisted by 3 things ANSWER: valves, respiratory pump, skeletal muscle pump