Issue 732 - 29 March 2022 by Exeposé

The South West’s Best Student Publication

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ISSUE 732 29 MAR 2022 exepose.com @Exepose

THE UNIVERSITY OF EXETER’S INDEPENDENT STUDENT NEWSPAPER SINCE 1987

“Underfunded, understaffed and inefficient”: students criticise University’s wellbeing services

Chloe Pumares and Lucy Aylmer Deputy Editors

Education: not built for all students? Page 11

In conversation: Paul Draper, Ex-Mansun frontman Page 21

EVERAL students have spoken out about their experience with the University’s wellbeing services. One student, who would prefer to remain anonymous, has stated that the wellbeing services have “stopped referrals completely with no waiting lists and they don’t know when they will reopen.” They added that “about two months ago I spoke to them but was turned away and told to find a specialist service. It seems to me that they are turning people away as they were overloaded and have now shut as they don’t have enough staff.” Another student who was referred to the wellbeing services in January and who has not heard back since, has confirmed that “they’ve stopped accepting referrals from societies and sports clubs due to lack of funding and personnel.” Many students have cited the inefficiency of the wellbeing services at the University. Henry Hood, a third-year English student and Print Director for Enigma Journal, told Exeposé that “the referral service is still far too slow. Waiting times for an initial assessment is around three to four weeks. Since the term is only 12 weeks, this takes far too long.” He added that “the actual wellbeing staff themselves are brilliant therapists, but there are so few of them that it takes months to see them. I personally could have avoided a lot of difficulties if I had been given help earlier when I needed, instead of waiting for an appoint-

Image: Chloe Pumares and Lucy Aylmer

ment while my situation worsened.” The University has recieved a £3.7 million grant from UK Research and and Innovation to help evaluate the best model to support student wellbeing across the university sector. Professor Ed Watkins, who orchestrated the study, found that self-help interventions and subsequent apps are the most effective way to help the largest number of students. An FOI response from the University in August 2021 revealed that the University has spent £35,000 on online platforms within wellbeing services. As of August 2021, 1,700 students had access to these platforms. A survey conducted by Exeposé last week asked students about their experience with the University of Exeter’s wellbeing services. All those who took part in the survey said that they were aware of the wellbeing support offered

by the University, with 87.5 per cent of respondents having had direct experience with the University’s wellbeing services. When asked whether the University does enough to support students who are struggling with their mental health, 50 per cent of students stated that they were unsure and a further 37.5 per cent of students felt that the University does not do enough. Only 12.5 per cent of students felt that the University offered sufficient wellbeing support. Survey respondents were also asked to rate, on a scale of one (easy access) to five (very difficult), the accessibility of wellbeing appointments at the University. In total, 62.5 per cent of respondents rated accessibility as three or above. The survey concluded with asking students to state how they think the wellbeing services could be improved upon. One student said “departments

need to be trained on where to send referrals correctly so they’re not ‘lost’ [in communication]. Communication between module leaders [is also important so that] students do not have to repeat themselves.” Another student stated that the wellbeing services require “increased funding and availability of resources” as well as “partnering with Nightline” to better understand student issues. This suggestion was echoed by other respondents who commented that the University needs to “employ more trained therapists, make websites more accessible and stop using the outdated SID format to book appointments.” This outlook was confirmed by another student who stated that “more and better quality counsellors” were required.

Exeter stands in solidarity with Ukraine All about the ick Page 14 Images (top to bottom): Lucy Aylmer, Chuff Media, Marco Verch, Flickr

Our coverage on page 4 and 5

Continued on page 3

EXEPOSÉ Devonshire House, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4PZ Editors Print: Bridie Adams & Oliver Leader de Saxe Online: Anna Wilmot Deputies: Lucy Aylmer, Cassia Grace & Chloe Pumares editors@exepose.com Social Media Executive Emily Im News Editors Print: Megan Ballantyne & Livvy Mason-Myhill Online: Meg Allan & Orla Mackinnon news@exepose.com Features Editors Print: Joshua Hughes & Steffi Haselden Online: Issac Bettridge & Lucy Evans International: Ryan Gerrett & Elen Johnston features@exepose.com Comment Editors Print: Evan Thomas & Kate Hall Online: Rachael Powell & Eirwen Abberley Watton comment@exepose.com Satire Editor Print: Cleo Gravett Lifestyle Editors Print: Danni Darrah Online: Katie Edgar & Sophie Porteous lifestyle@exepose.com Arts + Lit Editors Print: Ella Minty & Ana Anajuba Online: Clemence Smith & Georgia Balmer artsandlit@exepose.com Music Editors Print: Harry Hawkins & Charlotte Bend Online: Tom Bosher & George Ward music@exepose.com

Editorial

S we sit in the sweltering Media Suite and section editors buzz in and out talking of ice creams and beach trips, it's hard to escape the feeling that the end is nigh. Not in the doomsday sense (though you would be forgiven for feeling that way given the unimaginably cruel National Insurance hike and incompetence of many of the world’s global leaders), but rather in the sense that this academic year is drawing to a close. Dissertations are either done or lie in wait for a breathless month-long sprint, the sun is gracing us with its rare presence, and everyone is planning their next steps into the world of work and postgraduate education. It feels like summer, Dark Fruits season, the end of an era. And in many respects, it is. This time last year, we were being initiated into running the Best Publication in the South West, filling the brilliant shoes of our predecessors and meeting the amazing team of section editors and deputies who would go on to make this paper what it truly is. 'Terrifying' is one word to describe it; we were two second years stepping out into an uncertain post-pandemic world, forced to juggle degrees and self-doubt with the burden of responsibility that comes from taking on such a position. But a year on, flicking back through all the pages of every issue that we poured an ungodly number of hours into, we can say without a doubt this is best thing we’ve ever done.

Print: Archie Lockyer & Francesca Sylph Online: Adam Simcox

Tech Editor Print: Bridie Adams and Oliver Leader de Saxe Science Editors Print: Ellen Rogers & Nancy Stitt Online: Daisy Scott & Imogen Poyntz-Wright sciandtech@exepose.com Sport Editors Print: Oscar Young & Rob Worthington Online: Floris de Bruin & Henry Hood sport@exepose.com Copy Editors Oliver Lamb and Danni Darrah Proofers Oliver Leader de Saxe, Bridie Adams, Kassie 'Kool Kat' Grace, Khloe 'Krazy Krab' Pumares, Lucy Aylmer, Evan 'Milf-Slayer' Thomas, Joshua Hughes, Daisy Scott, Ana Anajuba, Floris de Bruin, Henry Hood, Gracie Moore, Catherine Stone, blood, sweet and tears

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editors@exepose.com The opinions expressed in Exeposé are not necessarily those of the Exeposé Editors nor the University of Exeter Students’ Guild. While every care is taken to ensure that the information in this publication is correct and accurate, the Publisher can accept no liability for any consequential loss or damage, however caused, arising as a result of using the information printed. The Publisher cannot accept liability for any loss or damage to artwork or material submitted. The contents of this, unless stated otherwise, are copyright of the Publisher. Reproduction in any form requires the prior consent of the Publisher.

Not that it wasn’t without its challenges, mind; budget cuts, behind-thescenes drama and a 'corncerning' number of typos gave us many long days and sleepless nights. But for all the stress and grey hairs, we wouldn’t change a second. We’ve met so many fantastic people, read an array of high-calibre student journalism from all walks of life, and lived up to our namesake by exposing numerous injustices and inequalities on-campus. And we couldn’t have done so without the amazing community of students, local politicians and stakeholders that have stood by us through thick and thin. In particular, we want to give a special shoutout to Chloe, Lucy and Cassia, who as deputies have spent as much time burning midnight oil as us. You’ve truly been the best senior editorial team we could have asked for. We also want to thank Joe, Emily and Tom from the Guild, who have supported us tirelessly in keeping the ol’ ship Exeposé afloat. And last, but certainly not least, we want to thank you guys, the readers, without whom all of this would have been for nought. Students and lecturers alike, we hope you’ve enjoyed our pieces as much as we did. But as stated, the end is nigh and we must bid our farewells. It has been an absolute pleasure and we cannot wait to see what the next editorial team achieve in the following year.

2020 Best Publication 2022 Best Publication in the South West

FEATURES Foreign influences at UK universities PAGE 9

ARTS + LIT In conversation: Naomi Hart PAGE 16

TECH The truth about shadow banning PAGE 24

SCIENCE Artifical clouds: breakthrough or fluff? PAGE 28 Images (top to bottom): Pierre Terre, Rhodin Cooper, Pixabay, Hindrik Sijens

Ollie and Bridie

University news home and abroad

Screen Editors

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SPA AWARDS

Polish universities offer support to Ukrainian refugees

CCORDING to the United Nations’ latest figures, more than two million Ukrainian refugees have fled to Poland to escape the ongoing war with Russia. Polish universities are contributing in any way they can to support their Ukrainian neighbours in their hour of need. To help the academic community, many universities such as the University of Lodz are offering research scholarships. Hundreds of university student and staff volunteers are collecting financial donations as well as ready-made donation packs and a considerable number of students at Lodz University are donating blood to support the humanitarian effort. Free legal and psychological aid are just some of the other services offered by universities like Lodz, Lazarski and Warsaw. Many of these universities now provide temporary homes for hundreds of Ukrainian university students, lecturers, staff and their families. Image: Kgbo, Wikicommons

Russian academic leaders back Putin’s attack of Ukraine

STRONG statement has been issued by the Russian Union of Rectors (RUR) supporting the Russian army and President Vladimir Putin 's decision to take military action in Ukraine. The RUR also underlined its commitment to "instil patriotism in young people." The statement repeats Putin's position that the invasion of Ukraine is a "special military operation" which is required to "achieve the demilitarisation and denazification of Ukraine," as well as end the conflict in Donbass and protect Russia from "growing military threats." The statement suggested the RUR's main duties, which are "to conduct a continous educational process, to instil patriotism in young people, the desire to help the motherland." The statement further highlighted that Russia's universities have always been the backbone of the state. The RUR's priority goal "is to serve Russia and develop its intellectual potential."

Donor breaks ties with University of Melbourne over lack of diversity

NE of Australia’s largest philanthropic donors to medical research, the Snow Medical Research Foundation, informed the University of Melbourne that it had suspended the institution from its Snow Fellowship program, as its “outcomes on gender equality and diversity do not align with the values of Snow Medical.” Previously the organisation donated $24 million to the University of Melbourne’s Parkville campus, with $16m donated last year when the organisation granted the University two Snow Fellowships. “Unfortunately, last week the University of Melbourne awarded their most prestigious award, their honorary doctorate, to six white men,” Snow Medical said in a statement. “Further, in the last three years, not a single honorary doctorate has been awarded to women or someone of non-white descent. This is unacceptable.” The university awarded honorary doctorates to two men in 2020. Half of the six recipients in 2019 were women. No honorary doctorates were awarded in 2021. Snow Medical said they received an "unsatisfactory" response when they asked, “why only men have been appointed with honorary doctorates over the last three years.”

Canadian universities plan to tackle indigeneity fraud

NDIGENOUS students and university staff may be required to allow universities in Canada permission to investigate asserted indigeneity by discussing their communities. Dr Jacqueline Ottmann, president of the First Nations University of Canada and co-chair of the newly created National Indigenous University Senior Leaders’ Association (NIUSLA) said “It’s adding layers of accountability. Selfidentification isn’t working and the one reason that it hasn’t worked is because it goes against that relationality, that community connection that most Indigenous peoples are very familiar with. Ottmann also stressed that lived experience was more important than a Métis or status First Nations card. According to the news release announcing the forum, the universities which are a part of the NIUSLA invited indigenous elders, students, staff and academics to “develop tangible processes and wise practices that ensure Indigenous-specific university opportunities are rightfully given to those who are truly representative of Indigenous communities and experiences.”

By Hannah Fraser, Livvy Mason-Myhill, and Megan Ballantyne

29 MAR 2022 | EXEPOSÉ

3 NEWS

‘‘I personally could have avoided a lot of difficulties if I had been given help earlier” Continued from front page...

HE potential shortfall of the services could be attributed to the University’s reliance on Talkworks, a local Devon NHS speaking service. Talkworks is a service provided by the Devon Partnership NHS Trust and aims to offer support for mental health difficulties including depression and anxiety. This service is high in demand as it covers the whole of Devon, including patients at the University of Exeter. On the Exeter Wellbeing Services website, it states that “Inclusion is at the heart of the student community and our aim is for everyone to feel safe and welcome. We aspire to work collaboratively, strive to provide high quality provision and want our services to be responsive, evolving and adapting to continue to meet the needs of current and future students”. Exeposé reached out to the University of Exeter, the Students’ Guild and the University’s wellbeing service for a comment. Marion Ojua, VP Liberation and Equality has stated that “We aren’t aware of referrals being stopped by Wellbeing Service, however if this is the case we

will reach out to University colleagues to understand this further and what can be done to continue to support students. We’d recommend if students are having issues or worries about gaining access to Wellbeing that they get in touch with me directly so that I can collate the feedback and work with Wellbeing to overcome these concerns. I have already been working with Wellbeing on service improvements using student feedback, however the uptake on this has been low so I’d love to hear from as many students as possible. There are self-help tools and apps students can access for free through the University, like Togetherall, which can be effective to students depending on individual needs. However, in some cases it doesn’t replace the support that Wellbeing or other organisations can provide. I hosted a Wellbeing Week earlier this term with some great student-led activities working closely with our societies and groups to raise awareness about the support available. We are also working on the Gender Safety Pro-

ject as we know student safety is a big concern that impacts students’ welfare.” A University of Exeter spokesperson said: “The health and wellbeing of our students is our overriding priority in what has been an extremely challenging time. We have invested significantly in our Wellbeing Service over recent years to ensure they meet the very different experiences faced by students. “Our priority is for students to have the easiest possible access to our broad range of services, and that everyone seeking support is seen as quickly as possible. As well as traditional, structu-

red psychological therapies we offer a broad range of additional support including single sessions, drop-ins and workshops, all of which allow swifter access to support for more students. “If there are periods when demand for the services increase, the University commissions outside agencies, such as Spectrum Life, to meet the additional demand. It is important to stress that any student who is in crisis will be seen the same day; we strive to provide timely access according to presenting need and making best use of all our online and in-person services.”

Man arrested on suspicion of pointing a fake gun at people Bridie Adams Editor

etectives are appealing for information after arresting a male who is alleged to have pointed what is thought to be an imitation gun at people in Exeter. The police inquiring into the allegations are trawling through footage from residences and businesses in the area, and have appealed for passing motorists to show officers their dashcam footage. The police said that officers seized hold of a gun after enquiries led detectives and armed officers to an address in Exeter where the armed officers carried out searches. The police force said that the man is thought to have walked through areas of Heavitree and got into a car in Honiton Road. The police force added that a man in his 30s was arrested and has been released on police bail until 5 April while enquiries continue.

Image: Exeposé survey

Guild Election results: Lily Margaroli wins second term in tight election race Livvy Mason-Myhill and Orla Mackinnon News Editors

HE results of the Guild elections were announced on Friday 18th March at 7:30pm in the Ram marquee. The rush of the Guild elections has therefore come to a close. There were new candidates elected for all three Vice President positions as well as for Sports President. The results also saw the incumbent Guild President Lily Margaroli being

Image: Exeter Student’s Guild

voted in for a second year in office. These results came after a week of campaigns as well as two weeks of live debates and interviews with XpressionFM. Additionally, the results night that was held at the Ram was also the first in-person election night for two years. This differs from last year where the election results for the 2021/22 officer positions were announced online as England was still under heavy social distancing measures in the third national lockdown. Voter turnout was down this

year with 4,200 students who voted (15.4 percent of the student body) compared to 4,744 last year (19.3 percent). Last year saw the highest turnout in the University sector. The Student’s Guild uses a preferential ballot system for elections. It was a particularly close night for the candidates standing for Guild President and VP Opportunities, highlighted through how in both election categories, the winning outcome wasn’t clear until the final stage when two candidates remained. The current Guild President, Lily Margaroli, won the race to resume her role for a second year. She won in Stage Three with 1,529 votes, despite not reaching the quota threshold of 1,606.5. She came out 225 votes ahead of Frank Allen who received 1,304 votes in the final stage. Margaroli also beat Maria Aspinal who received 934 votes before being eliminated at Stage Two, and Jonathan Parker who received 375 votes and was eliminated at Stage One. In her winner’s speech, Margaroli thanked those who supported her throughout her three years of study at the University. She stated that she is “really looking forward to the rest of this year, and the year ahead”. Frank Allen also commented that his “experiences of running for Guild President and of the election was very mixed”. He also suggested that one of the most exciting things was working with the students

and a dedicated team of friends to deliver a campaign that was directly in touch with student concerns and about enacting real changes”. The results of the VP Opportunities election were the tightest of the night. Five candidates ran for the position — Johna Aswin Selva, Lowenna Wagstaff, Mehreen Nasir, Izzie Dyer and Kaif ur Rahman. Dyer won the race by 43 votes ahead of Wagstaff in Stage Four, whilst we saw Rahman, Nasir, and Selva being eliminated in the first three stages respectively. Wagstaff described her experience of the election to be “very rewarding despite how challenging it was and the fact that you are very much thrown into the deep end”. She went on to add that “even though I didn’t get elected to the role, I genuinely feel that this just opens up more opportunities to me and I’m sure Izzie will do a great job next year.” Dyer thanked those who voted for her as well as thanking her team who aided her with her campaign, stating that “I have had the most amazing team in the world — they are a credit as to why I want to do this role. I want to give everyone else an opportunity to find that amazing group”. Emma de Saram was elected as VP Liberation and Equality and received the most votes at Stage One out of all the candidates in each of the five electoral categories, with a total of 1,728 votes. She won against Manav Hartono and Hannah Blackwell. Hartono

indicated that “although I only had a short time to gather a campaign team and understand how to sell myself, I thoroughly enjoyed the unique experience”. De Saram said in her speech that “when I was out there campaigning, I wasn’t trying to sell myself — I was talking about my values, the things I care about, and community driven change — it wasn’t about me, it was about what I can do for this Uni”. Jack Liversedge won VP Education with 1,477 votes at Stage One, winning over Thomas Glover and Souradeep Sengupta. Liversedge praised the other candidates in his category for running “brilliant campaigns” and highlighted his excitement to get involved in the role. Sports President (AU) was won by James Coffin with a total of 1,505 votes in Stage One, beating James Gowing and Arlen Veysey. Coffin thanked his campaign team as well as illustrating that his “experience at the University has been made by Exeter sport. I have loved every minute of every club I have been part of. To give back next year, I am so looking forward to it”. The Guild has indicated that “the Elected Officers will take up their roles in the summer — until then, your current Officers will continue representing and supporting you on the issues you care about!” They also added that as they reached 4,200 voters, “we will be planting 4,200 trees in the most climate

29 MAR 2021 | EXEPOSÉ

NEWS

Exeter stands in solidarity with Ukraine Coverage by Oliver Leader de Saxe and Bridie Adams, Editors, and Megan Ballantyne, News Editor

University of Exeter students from Ukraine help refugees

XETER students from Ukraine have been vocal in their support of those affected by the conflict in Ukraine. Some have been demonstrating, fundraising and working to directly help refugees. Oleg Girnyk, a second year Medical Sciences student from Ukraine, has been translating documents for those leaving Ukraine. Exepose spoke to Girnyk at a demonstration on 2 March. He said, “I worked as a translator prior for a pharmacological start up called receptor.ai, translating specialist articles for them, so I have quite a lot of experience in translation work.” Girnyk added that his friend, who is also Ukrainian, has flown out to the Polish border to assist refugees. Girnyk said, “My friend left for Poland and I was constantly in contact with him because he had discussed this decision with me quite a lot.” He added that students from Russia have also been supportive when it comes to demonstrating: “Russian students are out here also trying to support us Ukrainians at this time. “I have talked to a few of my Russian friends from Exeter, and most of

them stand against Putin; they stand against his actions, they understand that what he’s doing is wrong, and they are already feeling the effect of the sanctions that are being handed out against Russia on themselves. “Some of them cannot access their Russian bank accounts – I have one friend who is currently having Visa problems because of Putin’s idiocy.” Anastasiia Liubychenko, another student from Ukraine who attended the demonstration, stated that: “I’m demonstrating because I am Ukrainian, my country’s being invaded and my family is currently there, so I’m being directly affected by this. I lived there for seven years. “Go to protests and speak up and as a collective we can change the world I believe.” Liubychenko has also been working to support refugees: “Me and my long term Ukrainian friend are contributing by collecting donations and contributing financially ourselves for boxes that are sent to Ukraine with necessities such as nappies, baby food, warm clothes, etc. “We are also part of the Tel-

egram channel that encourages people to translate Ukrainian news to different languages. “So me and my friend would translate it from Ukrainian to English and then we would send it to our friends that speak other languages too, such as Italian, French, Spanish, etc. to spread awareness as much as possible. “Another thing that I do is I speak to people about the current situation including the Guild and frequently participate in protest. “I am going to contact the University to provide us with attributes such as microphones, speakers and flags and posters in order for the protests to keep taking place. “I encourage as many people as possible to keep helping and donating.” Imogen Davis added: “I think the worst part about being a Ukrainian abroad at the moment is the feeling of guilt and hopelessness. “The inability to physically be there and the difficulty to fathom that you were lucky enough to be in England, continuing a normal life, while your friends and

Local events raise money to support Ukraine

Image: XpressionFMs

ARIOUS groups have hosted fundraising events in aid of Ukraine. Last weekend, XpressionFM, the University of Exeter’s student radio station, hosted a 24 Hours Live music event, which featured live performances and interviews with artists, all in aid of Ukraine Emergency Refugee Relief.Harry Edmundson, Head of Music at XpressionFM said: “We are doing 24 Hours Live to raise

for refugees and people that have been affected and displaced by violence. It’s truly traumatic, so fundraising for them as part of the Humanitarian Relief Fund, is going to provide such vital work.” On 28 March, Sister Sounds hosted a fundraising event with an all-female lineup at Cavern in support of the British Red Cross Ukraine Crisis Appeal. Meanwhile, the Students’ Guild have planned a benefit gig at

7:30pm on 31 March at Northcott Theatre “for a night of music and comedy to raise money for Ukraine.” The Guild will be donating profits to the DEC Ukraine Humanitarian Appeal, British Red Cross and Voices of Children. The lineup includes Mike Wozniak, Illuminations and Semi Toned. VP Opportunities said: “We’re working with a number of students and societies to host a Ukraine Benefit Gig to raise money for 3 nominated charities to support those impacted by the conflict in Ukraine. Join us for a night of music and comedy at Exeter Northcott, with a line-up of local comedians including Mike Wozniak, Spencer Jones and Will Adamsdale’s Jackson’s Way. Plus, some of our very own award winning music groups including Illuminations A Capella, Semi-Toned and Contemporary Choir. The event is next Thursday (31 March) and tickets are available on FIXR for £8, all proceeds go to charity. We’d love as many students as possible to come along!” You can buy a ticket to the Guild event at: https://fixr.co/event/62742208.

family are trying to survive a war. “However, the incredible movement of people showing their support all over the world has given us all so much hope. “It has made me realise that I can make a difference. “At the last vigil in town, I organized a donation drop off that would be taken in a van to the Polish border. “It ended with a sack full of sanitary products and colouring books for children! “Fortunately, the van was too full for our donations so I have the bag

ready to go for their next trip down. “On 29 March, I have organised a clothes sale at the Forum. “All proceeds will be going to humanitarian aid relief - to provide those with no water or food with the essentials they need to survive. “I am planning for some of it to go military aid as well. “As long as this war continues, I will be planning further events to raise money and awareness! “I hope in my heart that it won’t be for much longer.”

Image: Wikimedia Commons

Bradshaw calls for Patel to resign over handling of refugees

XETER MP Ben Bradshaw has called on Priti Patel to resign in response to visa restrictions for Ukrainians fleeing the war with Russia. Speaking to Exepose, the longstanding Labour politician labelled the situation “absolutely disgraceful”, stating that the city of Exeter is “ready and willing to respond if the government pulls its finger out” by lifting visa restrictions. “We could have stood up to Putin in Syria, we could have stood up to Putin in Crimea, we could have

stood up to Putin in Georgia, we could have but we failed to that because of this Conservative government and now we’re doing everything we can to prevent people fleeing Putin’s blitzkrieg from escaping to Britain. It’s an absolute disgrace and it’s a shame on our country.” When asked if Exeter has received any refugees so far, Bradshaw stated that because “of the government’s appalling policy on this I think it’s quite possible that we haven’t yet otherwise we would have heard about it.”

Images: Wikimedia Commons

29 MAR 2021 | EXEPOSÉ

University provides financial support for Exeter students fleeing Russia

XEPOSÉ has spoken to a Russian student who was forced to leave their year abroad about their experiences. The University of Exeter has recommended that all students on placement in Russia return to their home countries as soon as possible after the FCDO advised against all travel to Russia. Discussing the journey home, the student told exepose that “the University didn’t give us the advice to leave until 25 February” and that they “spent that evening booking flights out of the country” before their flight out of Russia to Finland got cancelled, but on another student’s advice they bought a coach ticket from St Petersburg to Tallinn, and then flew to Helsinki from there. The student went on to note that “the University said that we wouldn’t be able to claim the cost of repatriation on our insurance, but they have offered to pay themselves. “In the meeting they held on Friday 25 February, they said we could book it ourselves if we wanted and send the University the receipts. “I, and I think most if not all of the cohort, chose the latter option. “I’ve sent the receipts to the University and although I haven’t received the money back yet, they have sent me a timescale of when they will do this which I think is very reasonable.” The University has said that it can facilitate travel from Russia to home countries, and that financial support

from the University is available for those who require funds to return. The University will reimburse students the cost of travel from Russia, but will not cover the cost of onward travel from airports in students’ home countries. It has also stated that it will only cover flight costs of economy class tickets. On its website, the University says: “We have experience of helping students to return home [...] We are liaising with our own travel company [...] with the aim of repatriating students.” The website also states that the University is “exploring [...] potential routes including travel via Helsinki.” Due to the circumstances, students on Study Abroad programmes will not be required to spend the minimum five months in Russia. However, the University suggests that students who study another language in addition to Russian as part of their studies at Exeter may wish to look into undertaking a placement in another country for the remainder of the year or into summer schools. When asked about the handling of the situation, the student stated that “I think communications may have been poor to begin with, especially when we were aware that other universities were advising students to leave long before Exeter did and some were even booking their students onto flights themselves. “However, around the time that Exeter issued the advice to leave, their

response to the situation changed. “After that, I thought it was excellent. In the meeting they were very clear about what we should do immediately, how we should try to leave (i.e. where to go), and what they would offer for us in terms of language classes, amongst other things. Since then they’ve been in regular contact, checking how we were progressing in getting back to the UK, and how online classes are going to work, for example. “Of course it’s a shame that I’ve had to end my year abroad after four and a half months but equally I would much rather do the rest of my year abroad at home than in Russia given the current situation. Hearing in the news in the UK, for example, that Visa and Mastercard are ceasing operations in Russia makes it all the more reassuring to be home, because if I were still there I would have no access to UK funds at all. Most of last year’s cohort didn’t go to Russia at all

because of COVID-19, so it’s good that I’ve been able to go abroad for some time at least.” Exepose also spoke to a student from the University of Bristol, who described their experience of returning from their semester abroad in Russia: “We had to pay for all of our own flights and travel out, but Bristol told us that our insurance would cover it. “Then, two weeks later they sent us a form to fill in each stage of our journey and how much it cost. “And we had to show evidence of our costs, so flight tickets, etc. Our travel insurance will cover the return but I don’t know when they will actually give us our money back.” Exepose has reached out to the University of Exeter for comment.

NEWS

Refugee hub opens on Paris

N artists’ collective called Maketank has opened a pop-up Ukrainian refugee support hub in Exeter city centre, which provides information, resources, events and a gathering space for individuals directly impacted by the crisis as well as those who want advice on how to help. Named the Conversation Cafe, it is intended to act as a centre for refugees as they get to Exeter. The hub is housed at Princesshay shopping complex, where it is open from 10am to 4pm everyday. Meanwhile, the Government’s Ukraine Family Scheme has received great criticism. While the new scheme gives a £350 per month grant to those accomodating Ukrainian refugees, it does not include an organization to match them with UK families. Devon Live reported that Chris and Anne Tattersall, a couple from Torrington, have been communicating with a family stuck in Poland for two weeks after registering to take part in the scheme. “Every hour somebody is sat there with a child and with a bag is like a week,” said Chris Tattersall. “Everything is taking so long when you’ve got people with nothing. [...] If we’ve got to drive to Poland, then we will drive to Poland, it doesn’t matter. We can offer shelter and love [...] I’m sure the majority of people like myself, they’ll do anything.” Whilst local individuals have registered for the refugee scheme, businesses and organisations have also been doing their bit, collecting supplies and donating them to Ukraine for refugees, including local Polish shops.

Image: Christophe Meneboeuf

F you are a resident with friends and family in Ukraine and need information or support about what is happening please contact the Ukrainian Embassy, and for information on travel advice to and from Ukraine visit Gov.UK. Reach out for wellbeing support offered within the University which is available to students and staff. A Guild spokesperson said: “We stand with all our students who are impacted by the conflict in Ukraine. We understand that this may be a challenging time for you and our thoughts are with you and your loved ones during this time. If students need support, then please get in touch with our Advice team (exeterguild.com/advice), they can support with many queries from finance and housing to academic support. If you are in need of wellbeing support we recommend you reach out to the Wellbeing Service (exeter.ac.uk/ wellbeing). We also hosted a Commu-

How you can help

nity Cafe last Friday for any students who are impacted, this provided a safe space for peer to peer support. Please reach out to your Full-Time Officers with any ideas you may have to support those affected like collecting donations or fundraising activities.”

Donations If you would like to donate physical goods, a suggested list of suggested non-perishable items includes: Baby bottles (new only), nappies, wipes, Baby food, baby dry milk, baby wipes, first aid kits (bandages, plasters, painkillers, antiseptic creams, burn gels, paracetamol, ibuprofen, aspirin, micropore tape, wet wipes etc), toiletries: (toothpaste, toothbrush, shampoo, antiseptic wipes, disposable and fabric masks), personal hygiene items, gloves, masks, toilet rolls, sanitary towels, tampons, adult nappies, camp tableware (disposable cups/

plates, thermal cups, can openers, flasks, bowls, cups, spoons, forks, knife, glasses), shelter equipment, outdoor cooking equipment (camping stoves without gas), thermal blankets, pillows, sleeping bags, sleeping mattresses/carry mat, non-perishable food, instant food ( noodles, rice), energy bars, dry fruits, nuts, tin food, pasta, fast cooking grains ( couscous), torches, candles, lighters, batteries (in sealed packs) and bottled water. You can take your donations to drop-off points in Exeter such as Maja Deli (a large chain of Polish-food shops), who are willing to take donations of key supplies to the Polish/Ukrainian border on an ongoing basis in their empty lorries which regularly return to Poland (see webpage for address - https://www. majadeli.co.uk/en/shops). However we suggest you check with the drop-off point you are going to to double check if there are specific items they

would/would not like before donating. For example, and at Za Rogiem they are also accepting colouring books and pencils and baby/toddler shoes. Please make sure you check any deadlines for dropping off donations.

Further resources Disasters Emergency Committee: To make a donation towards the UN’s humanitarian work, please visit Ukrainian Humanitarian Fund UN Crisis Relief. UNICEF: Working across eastern Ukraine to scale up life-saving programmes for children. This includes “trucking safe water to conflict-affected areas; prepositioning health, hygiene and emergency education supplies as close as possible to communities near the line of contact; and working with municipalities to ensure there is immediate help for children and families in need”.

The UN Refugee Agency: “Working with the authorities, UN and other partners in Ukraine and is ready to provide humanitarian assistance wherever necessary and possible.” Sunflower Of Peace: A local charity gathering medical supplies for paramedics and doctors on the front lines. The Red Cross Ukraine Crisis Appeal: The Association of Ukrainians in Great Britain, the largest representative body for Ukrainians in the UK, has raised more than £1.6m via their GoFundMe campaign which will fund medicine, food and other essentials. United Help Ukraine: a charity focused on providing humanitarian aid to those in need, as well as raising awareness of the conflict. All information on donations and resources is taken from the University of Exeter’s website. Image: publicdomaininvectors.org

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29 MARCH 2022| EXEPOSÉ

Features

FEATURES EDITORS:

Joshua Hughes and Steffi Haselden

Ugandan locals stand up to Chinese investors

Joshua Hughes, Features Editor, looks at the fragile position of Ugandan locals in relation to foreign investment

N Rupa, Uganda, a common sight across Africa is seen. Local workers toil with basic equipment while a Chinese-owned factory is guarded by soldiers. The two faces of the mining industry in Africa are starkly contrasted and are a direct result of Chinese investment in the region. The Belt and Road Initiative, launched by China in 2013, aimed to promote economic development and inter-regional connectivity.

The belt and road initative is a double edged sword The Chinese government has since poured an astronomical amount into the project with over one trillion yuan (US $160 billion) worth of infrastructure projects in planning and development. While it promises to provide economic stability and backing for less economically developed countries, the Belt and Road Initiative is a double edged sword. In particular, Chinese investment in Africa could lead to an overreliance on the backing of the economic power.

Furthermore, in terms of natural resources, Africa is relatively untapped, and China could feasibly monopolise these resources. But what is most concerning is where this investment leaves the local populations. Back in Rupa, part of the Karamoja region of Uganda, the main industry of the local population is cattle farming. The value of the large grasslands required for the cattle to graze has increased significantly since foreign interest arrived in 2013. Chinese mining companies in search of minerals are at odds with a population of which only a quarter of people can read. This presents significant challenges for fair agreements to be reached, with modern companies and states operating under a jargon of property law. In Uganda overall, it is thought that 80 percent of the land is held through communal land associations (CLAs) rather than codified documents. The danger is that this could lead to foreign investors, savvy with local law, taking significantly more than they are due. The effects of foreign investment go deeper than disagreements between foreign investors and local populations. Typically, investors form agree-

ments with the governments of states and promise large financial backing. This then pits the government and the army against the local populations, leading to bitter internal conflicts. In Rupa, the army forcefully disarmed the armed cattle-raiders who in the early 2000s, roamed the plains. The military involvement in foreign investment is further entrenched by the presence of Salim Saleh, brother of the Ugandan President and feared general. Saleh leads Operation Wealth Creation, a Ugandan military program aimed at developing the minerals sector. In order to combat the mining leases granted by the government, the three clans of Rupa combined their CLAs in order to form the Rupa Community Development Trust (RUCODET). This formation took out the formal title to the land on behalf of 35,000 people. Under Ugandan law, all minerals belong to the government, however, landowners possess surface rights to the land – a right normally disregarded by mining companies. The first negotiation faced by RUCODET was over the Sunbelt mine. In order to conduct the negotiation, a team from RUCODET travelled

400km to a Chinese-owned industrial park, located close to Saleh’s residence. The negotiation concluded with surface rights to 3.3 square km of land being signed away to Sunbelt for 21 years. In return they received 1.8bn shillings ($500,000). While this can be seen as a small victory, Sunbelt’s gross revenues come close to $30m a year making this equivalent to a week’s turnover. While the local population have

become more organised in the wake of foreign investment, this is very much a David vs Goliath fight. Hardly any locals have been able to acquire jobs from the Sunbelt mine and with the military on their side, the investors are firmly in control. The position of the local population in Rupa is one of many across Africa and although resistance is forming, it is clearly outmatched by the power of China and foreign investment. Image: Flickr, Friends of the Earth International

Bullying in the Commons: Was Bercow the only one?

Toby Brisley assesses whether the problem of bullying in the House of Commons has really been addressed

N the 8 March 2022, the Independent Expert Panel released its long awaited report on the conduct of the former speaker of the House of Commons, John Bercow. The report concluded that Mr Bercow had harassed and bullied members of his staff on multiple occasions during his tenure as speaker. The allegations

Image: Flickr, Julian Mason

against Bercow, which came to light in May 2018, were immediately denied at the time. Angus Sinclair, Bercow’s former Private Secretary, claimed that he was bullied by the former speaker. However, the report published this month upheld 21 different allegations made by three members of Mr Bercow’s staff. It is claimed that the

former speaker had created “an intimidating and hostile environment” and used “threatening conduct” towards members of his staff. Overall, the report described his behaviour as having “no place in any workplace.” and going as far to call his behaviour “an abuse of power.” Despite the report upholding the complaints, Bercow hit back, telling Iain Dale on LBC that he wasn’t a “nasty piece of work” and described himself as being a “warm” and empathetic person”. He also claimed that the way in which the report was conducted was “protracted, amateurish and unjust”. The report into Mr Bercow raises questions over why he was able to survive these allegations for such a lengthy period — having only been expelled from the Labour Party after the release of the report. Examples of fellow MPs trying to justify the behaviour of Mr Bercow can be dated back to the first allegations in 2018, with Dame Margaret Beckett saying; in relation to Brexit at the time, that “the constitutional future of this country, trumps bad behaviour”. Moreover, Emily Thornberry attempted to excuse his behav-

iour, stating that it must be “extremely frustrating, trying to drag the House of Commons into the 21st century”.

The findings of the report raise questions over the efficacy of the procedures The findings of the report also raise questions over the efficacy of the procedures to deal with bullying and harassment claims made against MPs and other senior staff. A report by Dame Laura Cox back in 2018, found that the response of the HR department in parliament was “inadequate.” Furthermore, Cox’s report also purported that in some cases staff had been “advised against bringing a complaint” towards more senior colleagues. The report also stated that some MPs were “serial offenders” when it came to bullying staff. This month’s report into Bercow, by the Independent Expert Panel can also not be written off as an isolated incident, with several other MPs from

both major parties having been reprimanded by the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards for bullying staff. MPs such as Keith Vaz and Daniel Kawczynsnki have both been found to have been in breach of this. Perhaps the most notable name to have been found to have been in breach of standards on bullying is Priti Patel, Home Secretary. Patel was found to have broken the ministerial code in 2020 over her treatment of staff and led to her issuing an apology for her behaviour. However, this didn’t result in her resignation, which would normally have been expected. Instead, it resulted in the Prime Minister who, despite the report, claimed that he didn’t think the Home Secretary was in fact a bully. With a reaction such as this from the Prime Minister, it makes it easy to see how incidents like this have been allowed to go on unchallenged in parliament. Furthermore, it questions whether the findings over John Bercow’s behaviour will be a watershed moment for bullying in parliament, or whether this will simply be a report that fails to enact meaningful change.

29 MAR 2022 | EXEPOSÉ

9 FEATURES

Can the Russian energy crisis help curb global warming? Steffi Haselden, Features Editor, discusses potential benefits of the Russian energy crisis

HE recent imposition of sanctions against Russian gas and oil by the West, as part of a coordinated international condemnation of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, has left Britain on the cusp of an ‘energy crisis’. Johnson’s government has to strike a balance between keeping energy prices affordable and maintainable whilst displaying a continued commitment to hit the climate change targets.

To cut emissions by 78 per cent ... would bring the UK more than three quarters of the way to its ultimate goal The UK government has recently announced its most ambitious climate change target yet, with the ambition to cut emissions by 78 per cent by 2035 compared to 1990 levels, which would bring the UK more than three quarters of the way to its ultimate goal being net-zero by 2050. However, the recent trading embargo placed upon Russian natural gas presents a number of hurdles for the Johnson government to address — both political and economic. The government is currently predicted to not dramatically alter their existing policy, but rather accelerate the speed of which it is conducted. The Business Department (BEIS) argue that the existing measures already in place aimed at cutting fossil fuels as part of wider green initiatives, will reduce the extent to which the UK is affected by this apparent ‘crisis’. This has culminated in the sky-rocketing of prices of oil and gas worldwide. The International Energy Agency also urges more individual action to be conducted in response to the crisis. Whilst the government is thought to be trying to make every attempt to prevent Image: Wikimedia Commons, Kremlin.ru

extreme escalation of energy prices, there are also at home-measures which could easily save energy, and consequently reduce costs. They argue that if everyone turned down their thermostat by only a degree, it could save up to 10 per cent of heating energy. Another proposed solution is increased housing insulation, with reports status that the insulation of 19 million homes over the next decade could cut UK gas imports by nearly 15 per cent, saving up to £400 off the average energy bill. Other potential initiatives that could be enrolled include a speed limit of 55 miles per hour in order to cut carbon emissions. Through using more public transport and reducing the number of vehicles on the road energy could also be saved and emission targets could still be met. Suggestions have been made that trains could also have a speed cap placed upon them. Moreover, their services could be reduced in order to have more packed trains and thus, more environmentally efficient and friendly travel. The enactment of such restrictions would all be part of a wider government energy savings campaign, similar to the likes of the one utilised to tackle the oil crisis of the 1970s. A medium-term solution which is gaining increased support, particularly amongst MPs is the more environmentally contentious proposal of fracking — whereby rocks are forced open to extract oil or gas. Fracking is rather controversial, as it uses enormous amounts of water which amounts to a significant environmental cost. Secondly, it uses potentially carcinogenic chemicals which may contaminate the groundwater around the fracking site. Moreover, despite pressure from backbenchers to pursue such an option, geologists raise significant doubts over the ability of the UK to even be able to retrieve fracked gas. A more promising solution is more focus placed upon wind energy, which

is both widely liked, and relatively cheap. Whilst currently wind farms take up to 20 years to develop, operators say that new turbines could be up and running within just two years if aided by government investment. The same MPs advocating for increased fracking also support new nuclear power stations, wanting the UK to move towards increasing nuclear energy, similar to France. Again, this is not a short term solution as these in themselves would take decades to build. Furthermore, it is an incredibly expensive measure. Nuclear is approximately £90 per megawatt per hour. Offshore round rates at only around half of that figure. Despite such costs, this is looking to be the most widely accepted solution, with Johnson expected to push for Sizewell C and a boost for mini-reactors, as part of what Labour has termed ‘an energy sprint’ — the ramping up of renewables and nuclear.

The same MPs advocating for increased fracking also support new nuclear power stations This Russian energy crisis has not caused a complete re-envisagement of the UK’s energy efficiency strategy but has caused the speed to which it is being conducted to be greatly accelerated. However, despite current government pledges to continue to pursue its environmental commitments, time will be telling whether the government is willing to properly invest in Britain’s energy future and fund the policies which will enable it to meet its climate targets. If they can prevent the surging of household bills, whilst also being in the midst of an incredibly fragile and unstable era for international relations in light of the commencement of Putin’s war.

Foreign influence in UK universities Lucy Aylmer, Deputy Editor, highlights the worrying influence of China in UK Universities

Image: Pierre Terre

OREIGN influence at British universities first came to public attention in 1965, when Warwick University was nicknamed “the business university”. This was due to the University’s financial reliance on private sources, which accounted for 15 per cent of their income. Outrage ensued, as documents revealed several professors at the University were sponsored by the likes of Barclays and Volkswagen, who were spying on lecturers and students and keeping record of their political activities. At present, British-Sino collaboration in science and technology subjects accounts for a fifth of British university research. Many are calling for British universities to curtail their reliance on Chinese investment for research purposes due to the impact that is has on academic “self-censoring”.

Of the 1,500 respondents, 67 per cent believe that academic freedom is under threat A collaborative study conducted at the universities of Oxford, Exeter and Portsmouth researched the influence that authoritarian states have over academics in the UK. Of the 1,500 respondents, 67 per cent believe that academic freedom is under threat in higher education due to links with authoritarian states like China. Academics who specialise in politics, international relations, economics and law departments amongst other faculties, were more frequent than most to believe that academia is threatened by these regimes. An additional 41 per cent of academics, who specialise in China, reportedly self-censor their teaching and

class content when teaching students coming from authoritarian regimes. These troubling statistics were echoed by Tena Prelec, who co-authored the study and stated that “the fact that universities are pushed to ask for private donations and cannot rely on institutional support is what makes them vulnerable to foreign influencing”. This comes at a time where every university operates as a business by gaining much of its income from private sources. There are increasing concerns regarding how private sources of wealth are comprising the academic process. It was only last year that Exeposé produced a petition, Students for Uyghurs, that expressed their concern with the University of Exeter’s links to certain Chinese institutions. The petition called for the Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies at Exeter University to reform its connections with Tsinghua University in China. Beyond academic studies and student petitions, the London-based think-tank, Civitas has raised caution over closer ties between British research and institutions linked to the Chinese military due to national security threats. It seems that the way to deal with foreign influence at British universities is rooted in fiscal policy. According to Kerry Brown, the director of the Lau China Institute at King’s College London, the way to balance stakeholder involvement in liberal education is to increase UK government funding for research so that there is a reduced reliance on Chinese money. Whether the government chooses to prioritise academic freedom remains to be seen. Given the scaring impacts of COVID-19 and the subsequent rising austerity measures, it is debatable whether the government will increase funding for education and prioritise academic freedom.

Comment

29 MAR 2022| EXEPOSÉ

COMMENT EDITORS

Kate Hall and Evan Thomas

A battle worth fighting?

Harold Hawkins, Music Editor, discusses the value of engaging in politics as a student

S students, most of us exist in the liminal space between adolescence and adulthood. The new people and systems we encounter, which are supposed to help bridge the gap into the working world, will inevitably change our outlook and most likely our politics too. The last few years have demonstrated a variety of upheavals in the systems which command our lives. Given some of the changes to student loan paybacks as well as other policies that disproportionately affect young people, it is crucial to keep up with politics as a student at present. Students have been stereotyped for decades for being too idealistic or not in touch with the world. This is an unfair dismissal when considering the importance and gravity of some student activism. For example, Thai students were a considerable part of the overthrowal of dictator Thanom Kittikachorn, or the national debates sparked by the

tragic shootings at the Kent State anti-war protests in Ohio in 1970. However, upon joining a lecture theatre in which students stratified themselves based on specific strands of academics or revolutionaries, I did think that the bear-baiting columnists had a modicum of a point. If you can barely agree with people whose views and life experiences are very similar to your own, how can you form a meaningful alliance to provoke change? I do not feel that this is the fault of students, but instead of digital systems that magnify any slight difference in belief, with the most aggressive squabbles over the smallest perceived slights. When entering student life, it is quite easy

to surround yourself with people Image: Orla Mackinnon

exactly like yourself, which can create

the illusion that there is consensus when in fact this is only one faction of a larger population — and of course platforms like Twitter only further perpetuate this fallacy. It might be useful to read The Conquest of Bread or The Ragged-Trousered Philanthropists, but being observant of the world outside of campus — perhaps what happens in a shift of a part-time job, or a protest in the town centre — can probably inform far more as to the political needs of the average person. With Exeter’s privately schooled populace, however, this is likely a far less common occurrence than is desirable. I would say that one of the most important political actions one could take at this university is to join the 93 per cent

Club — because if the demographic structure isn’t changed to represent the population, then how can political movements in the student body properly represent causes?

Students have been stereotyped for decades for being too idealistic Just taking a glance at the long reign of Exeter’s Labour council amongst the Tory seas of Devon proves that real engagement with the population and focus on local elections is a recipe for political success. This is doubly proven with the success of recent student protests which reach outside of theoretical ideology and tackle real issues, whether it’s against spiking, the anti-abortion Exeter Students for Life society or the climate crisis.

Working remotely: is it remotely working?

Lucy Evans, Online Features Editor, explores the future of working from home

HE pandemic has drastically changed how society functions, including a complete overhaul of our working habits and environments. Over a year of lockdowns, self-isolations and the potential danger that came with being near another human being, the educational and professional spheres have been forced to switch from being in person affairs to remote ones. Luckily, modern technology made the move to online work smoother, with platforms such as Zoom, Microsoft Teams and Google Meet providing easy means to virtually connect colleagues and peers. But will remote working outlast

the #WFH novelty or will we revert to a traditional in-person format? The move online has made connecting with those around the country and world much easier. Travelling for interviews and meetings is now a redundant practice, and their move to online is more accessible and affordable. Accessibility for disabled people has also increased with immunocompromised people being able to join in on events, both social and workrelated, from the safety of their homes. For office workers that have established families and careers, it is easy to see the reasons behind a favouring of working from home instead of

Image: PxHere

toiling away in the office. The benefits of avoiding a lengthy and irritating commute into the city — and instead having the ease of only rolling out of bed and walking a few metres to a desk — are certainly tempting. The perks of commuting less don’t just stop at the time saved either. According to the ONS, “half of homeworkers (50 per cent) reported spending less on fuel and parking for commuting” and “two fifths (40 per cent) reported spending less on commuting using public transport”. The alleviation of expensive commutes certainly strengthens the arguments of those championing remote modes of working. Those with families and careers also have the benefit of spending more time with family. They have less of a need to network with colleagues and establish a new physical presence in the workplace, benefits that don’t quite translate to younger professionals at the beginning of their career. For these people, remote working eliminates the candid networking and socialising that occurs in a workplace. A move to remote working prevents those at the beginning of their career from experiencing a workplace environment — which could have been an exciting prospect of graduate life. Work place environments cannot be replicated virtually.

When viewing the prospect of working — or, more specifically, learning —

future of the working environment, there can’t be a one-size-fits-all

Image: PxHere, rawpixel.com

from home from a student perspective, the arguments championing remote working lose their novelty and are instead encumbered with the reality that online learning can be an incredibly unsocial and demotivating way to spend time at university, a time that is meant to be social and active. Most students also don’t have the luxury of having a separate working area, unlike some professionals well into their careers who might have a study or at least a separate area to spend their working day, meaning the work-from-home life could be a little more restrictive and confined. It’s clear that when it comes to the

approach. The variety of the future, and current, working environment needs to mirror the variety of its workforce; a fully remote or in person office is reductive and will fail to consider the circumstances of both individuals and larger groups of people. Working from home has outlasted its immediate function as a measure to stop the spread of COVID-19 and it doesn’t seem to be going away soon, but neither does the good old-fashioned commute into the office. Even amongst the worldconnecting technology that modernity has brought us, it seems there’s still a necessity for in-person connectivity.

29 MAR 2022| EXEPOSÉ

COMMENT

It’s time our education system worked for all students Evan Thomas and Kate Hall, Comment Editors, share their experiences in the education system

OU might say that since it became compulsory over 150 years ago, UK education has progressed leaps and bounds. Disruptive behaviour no longer warrants a cane, left-handed students are no longer forced to write with their right hand and children with what we

would now recognise as learning difficulties are no longer branded with a dunce cap for struggling to keep up. In a 2019 US News & World Report study, the UK was ranked as the best country for education. Metrics they use include our high average maths, science and reading scores and our number of

best global universities. They also highlight that school attendance is mandatory up to age 16. Certainly, it could be said that we have the basics, but to confuse that with excellence is folly. These impressive scores say very little about passion. It’s drilled into us what an essential subject is and what a non-essential (or

Nearly 100 of us were babysat by one overwhelmed woman and her assisstant

The state-comprehensive school I went to had a place for malfunctioning students like myself. In a stinky out-building with tattered sofas, board games and some colouring pencils, nearly 100 of us were babysat by one overwhelmed woman and her assistant. There were people grappling with all sorts in what was known as the Student Support Base (SSB), from those with ADHD or autism experiencing sensory overload to others with uncontrollable violent anger outbursts. Others simply needed some extra support with social and educational development. Then there Even so, we’re both relatively positive case studies. Without the care and attention we’ve received, we wouldn’t have discovered our niche. A well-paid teacher in a classroom of 12 is much more likely to spot a struggling student than a poorly paid one in a classroom of 35. A parent able to afford a private educational psychologist is

nameless and thoroughly engaged for the sake of exam results rather than simply for the enjoyment of being engaged. How many hours you work, your pay and how much you sacrifice are what determine the admirability of your profession. Your interests are second fiddle in the meritocratic dream.

Evan’s Experience

Kate’s Experience On paper, my time in school would appear successful. I was on target, according to the Fischer Family Trust (FFT) benchmarks. I rarely got in trouble other than for the occasional attempt at playing the class clown, or for chatting too much. Though pretty disengaged on the whole, I didn’t hate school between the ages of four and 12. When I was 13, I started to feel overwhelmed and act out in ways that went beyond hormones and puberty. By the age of 14 I was in therapy with a diagnosis of depression and anxiety. By 15 I was on medication. Inevitably this impacted my schooling. I stopped showing up, lost interest in my work and became a liability.

“soft”) subject looks like. A model student excels at these necessary subjects, whether or not they hate doing them. Unable to fit into this rigid mould, and failed by a curriculum that doesn’t interest them, students can be woefully underserved at best and disenfranchised at worst. This ideal student is faceless,

were some, like myself, learning to navigate mental health disorders. It was a refuge from midlesson panic attacks or days I felt all-consumed by my illness, but I also felt deeply alone and confused about being there. Despite the very different issues every student faced, we were all lumped together and treated in the same way. As a teenager I found this patronising and humiliating. I felt angry with the school system for letting me and others like me down. After fitting into the impossible ideal mould for years, I was now being cast out; a malfunction in the system. It felt that I was no more than a spare part threatening to jam the machinery. Looking back on the days I’d watch other students coming in and out of SSB, I think the reason we were all there is because they didn’t have a clue what to do with any of us. The system wasn’t made for us. We were treated as problems which needed fixing, when in reality the ill-fit wasn’t ours but rather the system itself.

In my very early years, I was probably one of the weakest students. I was quiet and seemingly had very little idea of what was going on. My handwriting, while in itself already being

much more likely to receive a diagnosis for their child’s learning disability and arrange suitable accommodations in school. Doing away with a onesize-fits-all, exam factory approach and replacing it with a nurturing environment would serve a far greater pro-

portion of students. It’s time to put our money where our mouth is. Any increased cost would certainly be a valuable investment. After all, we repeat the very

horr i f i c, was also smudged to rightward, due to my strange need to rest my hand on the page. I was placed in bottom sets and made to feel like a dumbass. This sense of failure also extended to my athletic performance. At school we played rugby in the autumn, football in the winter and cricket in the summer. I was shit at all three and was placed into the E team. That’s the one after the A, the B, the C and the D team. And no, it is not E for excellence. The main learning difficulty I was eventually diagnosed with was dyspraxia. I didn’t really know what it meant then, and to be honest, I’m not too sure now. I’m a liability when it comes to navigation, need extra time in exams and have trouble imagining planes of motion. Dyspraxia has nothing to do

Image: Lucy Aylmer

with your intelligence, potential and physical fitness. Students with learning difficulties aren’t wrong for the education system; the education system is just wrong for them. Once I had my adjustments in place, I was able to thrive in academic spaces. Dyspraxia, like many learning difficulties, isn’t a weakness, but a difference in perception. It brings its fair share of challenges, but most of these are caused by the inability of our education system to cater to those who are in any way different from the “model” student. If addressed properly though, a learning difficulty can bring several advantages too. For example, I learned to touch-type at a young age once the school finally accepted that my handwriting would never improve. I’m a much slower reader than others my age, but accidentally re-reading a line or paragraph over and over again, until you catch yourself doing it, does make you a great proof-reader. Any typos in this article are purely for irony’s sake.

Dyspraxia isn’t a weakness, but a difference in perception Not all learning difficulties are diagnosed, and even fewer are adequately addressed. Those in schools with limited resources are unlikely to be able to seek the help they need. How much potential is being wasted due to our one-size fits all education system?

tired moniker that children are the future, but do very little to ensure that that future is anything but bleak. An education system which leaves its students deflated and eager to get home by the end of the school day is one which has failed to do its essential task; to impassion the minds of the nation’s youth.

29 MAR 2022| EXEPOSÉ

Satire

SATIRE EDITOR:

Cleo Gravett

Gradstonbury!

Image credits: exploringexeter.co.uk, Wikimedia Commons, pixabay

Stanley Murphy-Johns

S the end of another academic year approaches like an ominous cloud of regret and misspent time, we look towards graduation. This year the University of Exeter will be holding its first ever graduation festival, Gradstonbury, to celebrate hosting three cohorts worth of graduation in a single summer. Some eager alumni yet to find grad jobs have already begun to pitch tents because, well, they had nothing better to do. These tents are providing a terrifying reminder to all the current third years that graduation signals the beginning of the end for all their hopes and dreams. Some students, having escaped university just as the pandemic be-

where did Daddy park the glampervan again?...

gan, are reported to be finding it strange to be back. One student re-

marked: “It’s like returning to the scene of the crime — this place

nicked a solid £27,000 from me — but yeah it’s really nice to be back.”

It is expected that this will be the single largest gathering of rich but largely disappointed parents the UK has ever seen, and the second largest gathering of hungover students ever, with the first place prize going to the University of Plymouth (who have to drink to forget they live there). All in all, it looks set to be an incredible moment of pure anti-climax in the lives of many Exeter students past and present. Watch as these broken young people stagger across the stage and into the rest of their lives, supposedly enriched by the three years they have spent destroying their livers with cocktails and ketamine and collecting mental illnesses like Pokémon. So join us for what is sure to be the event of the year!

Netflix and Forum (c)Hill?: docuseries to be filmed on campus Alexander Prins

UMOURS have begun to spread around campus in recent weeks that streaming giant Netflix intends to launch a radical new show, following the runaway success of their F1 fly-onthe-wall series. The new docuseries Dissertation to Salvation, will follow the trials and tribulations of dead-

line season for 20 students, from “rookie” first years through to seven season medical student veterans. Various members of the Drive to Survive cast will be reprising their roles, as SkyF1 pundit and Exeter alumnus Ted Kravitz told Exeposé: “I’ve spent the last decade of my life covering playboys with their excessive lifestyles, questionable fashion tastes, and ridiculously wealthy parents — I’m looking forward to a real change of pace as we hit

Girl attends Cheesies despite lactose intolerance

NIT 1 nightclub was evacuated last Tuesday due to a toxic gas attack which threatened the lives of revellers and staff alike. The perpetrator, Margarita Stilton, a first-year Chemistry student from Cheddar, was apprehended in a stall in the ladies toilets, and immediately taken to Exeter Police Station for questioning. Bystanders commented that Stilton looked pained as she held her handcuffed hands to her bloated stomach. Police questioning discovered that Ms Stilton is severely lactose intolerant, and had knowingly entered the club on its “Cheesy Tuesdays” night because she “thought [she’d] be able to get away with it just this once”. Other revellers had reported feeling ill earlier in the night, prior to Ms Stilton’s entrance, but hospital tests established that this was simply due to their eardrums rejecting the cringeworthy music. Cleo Gravett, Satire Editor

exam season here at the University.” Exclusive footage revealed to us shows that Netflix have already heavily invested in their ground-breaking series. Multiple cameras across campus capture the action as students go against the clock, and their eBart deadlines, in a high-stakes battle for success — or at least a 2:1. In one tense scene, emotions run especially high as seminar tutor Mike Masi wildly misreads the University’s assessment criteria and one student is reported

for academic misconduct, despite protesting that “This is so not right!”

Students go against the clock in a high-stakes battle for sucMuch like in Drive to Survive, Red Bull maintains a healthy brand image through numerous slow-motion

action clips of desperate students downing cans of the energy drink in the library. Christian Horner will also be a regular feature on the programme while his son Max completes his degree. This will come as no surprise to viewers of the latest Drive to Survive series, which saw him wearing a Schoffel while horse riding and clay pigeon shooting, in what many will see as a blatant audition for a series based on the University of Exeter.

Mayo sandwich ban after spice complaints

The Devons have opened: rain wins Exeter clean award

T would not be wrong to describe the University of Exeter as a diverse and experimental community of students, who are up for trying an array of complex foods such as plain white toast, crackers, and even tofu. They are, nonetheless, intimidated by one overwhelmingly menacing and spicy substance, recently removed from Marketplace sandwiches: mayonnaise. While championed by the rantings of ‘Chairman Mayo’ on the online group ‘Overheard at the University of Exeter’, it is evident that not all students are brave enough to delight in the exoticism of the offending sauce. Perhaps such spice riddled materials should be left to students who can handle salt and pepper…

NEW report has revealed that Exeter’s status as the cleanest city in England is due to the power-washing effect of the constant rain experienced by the local area. As well as making the city itself sparkle, the rain has reportedly improved the personal hygiene of students. Whet Faartz, a first year student, says, “Since starting at uni, I’ve saved a lot of money on shower gel. The rain even washes most of my clothes for me; I only need Circuit Laundry for the most stubborn of skid marks.” However, City Councillor Ray N. E. Deyes suggested there are still important steps that Exeter needs to take, like providing umbrellas at a discounted rate to account for the frequency with which they blow inside out and become unusable. Exeposé also reached out to Napoleon, the campus cat, since he is known to brave Forum Hill in even the worst of weather. He responded by cocking his head to one side, gazing knowingly into our souls, and whispering, “It never rains, but it purrs.” Bridie Adams, Editor

Gwenllian Page-Gibby

LIFESTYLE

MUSIC

TECH

ARTS + LIT

STUDY BREAK

SCREEN

BOMBSHELL BRETT TALKS FASHION Image: FiFi Newbury

IN CONVERSATION: NAOMI HART Image: Steven Haywood

CRITERION COLLECTION CHAOS Image: IMDb

Image: Marco Verch Flickr

DUA LIPA AND COPYRIGHT

Image: Wikimedia Commons, Neale Haynes

WILL THE PS5 SHORTAGE CONTINUE? Image: Pixabay, Altairayon

STUDY BREAK

Image: The Blue Diamond Gallery

14 - 15

16 - 17

20 - 21

22 - 23

24 - 25

LIFESTYLE EDITOR Danni Darrah

ARTS + LIT EDITOR Ana Anajuba Ella Minty

MUSIC EDITORS Charlotte Bend Harry Hawkins

SCREEN EDITORS Archie Lockyer Francesca Sylph

TECH EDITORS Bridie Adams Oliver Leader de Saxe

STUDY BREAK Puzzles by Matthew and George

lifestyle Even Batman isn't invincible Jade Williams explores body dysmorphic disorder in Robert Pattinson and beyond

attention to his physical looks, so no wonder he would start fixating and worrying about flaws in his appearance. Growing up in the media, where people are often criticised for their looks, can significantly impact a person's mental health and self-image. For example, Pattinson says, "I get a ton of anxiety, right up until the second I get out of the car to the event when suddenly it completely dissipates… Body dysmorphia (gives me) overall tremendous anxiety". The anxiety caused by BDD can be challenging to manage and go

ECENT comments from Robert Pattinson following the release of The Batman have led to a heightened interest in Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). BDD is a mental health condition where one fixates and worries about flaws in their appearance. It is highly prevalent, with almost 2.4 per cent of adults showing BDD symptoms. However, it remains one of the most under-researched disorders. BDD tends to be a mental health disorder associated more with women. However, studies have recently shown that nearly the same number of men have issues with their appearances as women. So why is BDD and its consequences not discussed as frequently for men as they are for women? Talking to friends about what they understood of BDD and whether they were ever taught about body positivity at school, I found that the women I knew all had a similar experience. Women had open discussions about their appearance and body confidence issues while at school; however, the men had a different idea of the topics covered regarding body image. Could it be that BDD is addressed much less for men due to lessons taught from a young age? Since his early rise to fame, Robert Pattinson has commented on experiencing body dysmorphia. Some of his roles, like Edward Cullen in Twilight, brought a large amount of

about everyday life when not getting the appropriate psychological help and support. People spend thousands trying to hide or change their insecurities. In fact, it is estimated that 75 per cent of people with BDD seek surgical and dermatological treatment to help their insecurities. Unfortunately, it has been reported that people are more likely to receive this physical treatment rather than psychological help. Without intervention, BDD can cause people to retreat from society and go to great lengths to avoid situations in which they feel vulnerable due to their appearance, thus impacting careers and social lives. BDD is not only highly prevalent in show business but also in other image driven industries such as sports.

BDD CAN CAUSE PEOPLE TO RETREAT FROM SOCIETY

Images Robert Pattinson, Wikemedia Commons

who struggle with muscle dysmorphia often have restrictive calorie-counting diets and extreme training habits. This can be extremely detrimental to a person's physical health and, if left untreated, can be very dangerous.

BDD IS ADDRESSED MUCH LESS FOR MEN We must raise awareness of mental health issues such as BDD and the impacts it can have on an individual's life. Famous people in the media, such as Robert Pattinson, talking openly about his struggles with body image and mental health is essential. It starts conversations and draws attention to keys issues surrounding the stigma with men's BDD.

Muscle dysmorphia, which stems from BDD, is a common disorder within sport. Muscle dysmorphia is a severe condition that can impact one's food intake and body image. It is usually associated with an obsession with a muscular body type and shape. Thus, it is seen more in those who compete in sports such as weightlifting or rugby. Men

If these issues affect you, you can get in touch with: Image: mprietou, pixabay

https://beateatingdisorders.org.uk Beat Eating Disorders 08088010677

https://www.exeter.ac.uk/staff/wellbeing/othersupport/ eatingdisorders/

So, you've got the ick? Madison Sohngen discusses what the 'ick' is and what to do when the feeling occurs

F the mere thought of him hesitantly inching his toes into a bath makes your stomach churn. Or the idea of him running to get a ping pong ball means you will never look at him the same. If you feel physically repulsed by the excitable squeal he lets out on a rollercoaster. You may be suffering from the ick. The ick occurs when someone does an ordinary activity but for some reason, unbeknownst to you, your entire opinion of them is now changed. This typically happens with a crush or potential love interest. It arrives suddenly and unexpectedly shatters the romanticised picture painted with your mind. Suddenly this person is no longer the same. Whether it’s because he didn’t know what a pad is or he’s the broken egg on a trampoline, the ick can occur for any illogical reason. But what is it about the ick which makes us lose attraction to someone? It seems that the ick stems from the idea of a boy in a vul-

nerable situation which makes him less tra- does not align with the beautiful portrait ditionally ‘masculine’. It views them in silly, we have imagined of them in our heads. But if the ick is an exhibition of second hand embarrassment induc‘unmanly’ traits, does it then ing, yet normal everyday only occur with cersituations. However, the very probtain types of boys? Is it only possilem stems from the fact that ble then to get these situathe ick for a TP Wednesday tions are not boy rather than accounted a Cavern Satfor in our fantasies. We only urday goer? For ever daydream example, a rugby Images: Marco Verch, lustfully about someboy has much more Flickr ingrained associations with one in idealised romantic heightened levels of masculinity. In scenarios, rather than them being spun around with the little cape on after this way maybe it’s easier to get the ick for this having had their hair cut. It’s possible then type of boy, through their adoption of physithat this is what causes us to lose inter- cally masculine traits, they are subsequently est in someone, by doing something which increasing their exposure to the wrath of

the ick. Meaning that the mere thought of them in a bubble bath has the power to destroy our entire perception of them.

THE ICK CAN OCCUR FOR ANY ILLOGICAL REASON Can the ick then be avoided or is it inevitable? Is it the indicator of a definite demise or can we recover the previous rose-tinted perspective? Generally speaking (and depending on the severity) it’s not a good sign. Think about it this way. You’re not going to care if the love of your life tries to make a funny joke in a group setting and nobody hears. Or if he runs for the bus and still misses it. Or if he runs up the stairs on all fours. In this way the ick is a blessing in disguise. It slaps our brains back into reality and makes us realise we don’t actually like the person, just the idea of them.

exhibit

lifestyle

EDITOR: Danni Darrah

29 MARCH 2022 | 15

Bombshell Brett talks fashion Bridie Adams, Editor, sits down with Love Island contestant, Brett Staniland, to discuss fast fashion

ITH over 77,700 followers on Instagram, Brett Staniland is a model, fashion expert and PhD student, who is best-known for his appearance as a contestant on Love Island’s seventh season. I interviewed Brett about his time on Love Island and his work campaigning against fast fashion. Exeposé: How did you become passionate about issues associated with fast fashion? Brett: Through working as a model. When you start out, you have to work for anyone and everyone. I was exposed to the craft behind luxury brands, which I found interesting. Naturally, fast fashion became the antithesis of that. Once I started to think about my work, I wanted to leave something that had more meaning than a nameless, faceless model who worked for loads of brands. After that, my outlook on climate change as a whole grew. I started to strongly talk about climate change and how seriously we were taking that, mostly in the fashion industry. É: A lot of people who don’t know you from Love Island now know you from the protests at the PrettyLittleThing catwalk show; why did you decide to take part in the protest at that show? B: It’s that audience that we need to get hold of. Obviously, the people turning up to that show and the people involved with Boohoo have such big platforms. They didn’t know that we were turning up, but it was a success. É: Did it get much of a response from either PrettyLittleThing, Molly-Mae Hague or anyone involved in the brand? B: I have not heard a single thing. Nothing. Quite a lot of the backlash I received was specific to Molly-Mae. The media put our names together, but we don’t have any connection or relationship. I made a point and I DM’d her — she hasn’t even seen it. Most of the reaction has been positive from the general public, I guess.

IF YOU SEE A GREEN SIGN IN THE WINDOW OF H&M, DON'T BELIEVE IT É: How can people become more conscious of what they buy and how ethical it is? B: The first thing that anyone can understand easily is that a big, global brand can never have anything that will be sustainable purely because they produce way too much. Straight off the bat, if you see a green sign in the window of H&M don’t believe it, because their business, as a whole, can’t reach any targets that we’re trying to set out at the moment. A good entry-level point is the app Good On You; I’ve recommended this to people in the past.

It’s purely a sustainability vet. Following that, I’m a strong believer that you learn the most important things in primary school. You’ve got maths and English — you learn them literally from your first day at school. What grandparents were learning at school was vastly different — it was crafts and skills that they transferred throughout their lives. Already instilled in them is an innate sense of fixing things, mending things, having them forever and taking care of them. We’ve completely lost that with the culture that we have now. Learning about climate change has to be on curriculums. É: Are there any specic ethical fashion brands that you’d like to shout out? B: I’ve done an underwear campaign with ONE Essentials. É: Moving onto some questions about Love Island, why did you originally decide to go on the show? B: I’ve been single my whole life; I dedicated my life to academia and work, and it has limited my ability to have relationships to an extent. I did want to go on being open-minded — it’d be a nice break and a nice opportunity — but I was wary of my career as a model and the brands that I’d worked with and whether I was going to lose credibility. It was a decision that took a few months. I had to ask my brother and my best friend Richard; we spoke about

erosexual couples in the villa as well, but I hear that they are changing that soon. É: I’m just thinking back to your entrance to the Love Island villa, just chillin’ on the sun lounger... Talk me through how that came about! B: We had to rush it in the end because everyone was out doing a challenge and we had to film my walk-in whilst the villa was empty. We were filming for 20 minutes or so — walking in, sitting down, walking in the other way. It wasn’t ideal for me. I coughed as I sat down on the sun lounger, to clear my throat. Then, the producers added the audio in to make it seem like I was coughing to get attention. É: Is a lot of the drama orchestrated by the producers? B: I would say you’re occasionally nudged into conversation. They don’t put words in your mouth, as such, but they’re always listening to you with your microphone. É:What was it like being a bombshell? B: There’s a lot of pressure on bombshells. I was the last one, whereas if you’re in early on, the public are more likely to get a good impression of you. It was challenging to integrate, not just with a girl, but also to integrate in a boys’ group that’s been tightly formed for the best part of two months. É: As you came in so late, do you think you got enough screen time? B: We had a couple of politically charged conversations which didn’t get aired. Priya [Gopaldas] was thinking about other things in the outside Image: Holly Falconer world which is the real reason it didn’t work out between us. I can’t throw pros and cons. The benfits are a platform to talk contestants under the bus too hard because about things that we’re all passionate about, a the public gets reactionary. It is what it is. new audience, a bigger audience and some opÉ: What kind of political converportunities to further the conversation. Equally, sations did you have in the villa? B: Priya said she was a Conservative voter and I spoke about Marcus Rashford feeding kids. Some people vote for misogynistic, homophobic islamophobes and some people like hungry kids to be fed. Guess we’re different. We had to live together for a week after the show in Majorca. It was five in the morning when we got there, and she said, “I’ve been seeing I get to do things like this — talk to students, talk this boy on the outside for five or six months.” with journalists and have an impact that way. É: If you were given the opportuÉ: Love Island is a controversial nity to relive your time in the villa, show in some respects. Some people would you do it again and is there anycriticise it for its effects on contestants’ thing that you would do differently? mental health, body image and things B: I’m glad I went and did it. I do wish that like that. I wondered if you had any the producers, or the network, would let peothoughts on those kinds of controversies. ple have conversations that I would usually B: During the casting process, I was very have in my life and on my Twitter feed — things adamant on who I was going to be there with, like politics and societal issues. For me, they’re the diversity of the cast. I’m someone who’s important. I got so much abuse about being a been around the world; my idea of beauty is Tory — that was so far from the truth; my probably completely different. Yet again, the friends got annoyed about it and they ended Barbie and Ken couple won — it is what it is. up trying to defend me. I wish the producers They’re deserving winners in a show about would let the people have a conversation love, yes, but again, this vision of beauty is about it. In some situations, the less the prosomewhat perpetuated by the show and by ducers do, the better. That might make the the viewers of the show. There were only het- show more entertaining sometimes.

THE BENEFITS ARE A PLATFORM TO TALK ABOUT THINGS WE ARE ALL PASSIONATE ABOUT

arts + lit In conversation: Naomi Hart

Ella Minty and Ana Anajuba, Arts + Lit Editors, interview Naomi Hart, an Exeter artist, about her work

AOMI Hart is a local artist from Exeter who has worked on many art projects in the city, including most recently the exhibition ‘Reading Water’ at St Nicholas Priory. We sat down to discuss her work, the importance of art and its specificity to Exeter.

É: Why have you chosen to centre your work around human interaction with the environment and why do you think that’s important? N: I’m not sure it’s an active choice, it just seems to be what happens. I’m interested in nature and wildlife; my perfect day is spent outdoors looking at birds or wildlife in nature. I think that what I always notice is how we do impact on wildlife and nature — particularly in this country, there aren’t really any wild places — there’s always a history, there’s always layers of archaeology, people who have been there before, industry and how we’re impacting that landscape (whether positively or negatively). I think it just sort of comes up; it’s more that the landscape and environment tells me what I’m looking at rather than me actively choosing what I’m going to study. É: Leading on from that question, we were looking at your blog as well. Do you think history is important to incorporate within your art and does your art have historical relevance or do you prefer to focus on current issues? N: I think that current issues are also always historical issues. However much we think ‘this is something new and something totally different from what anyone else has dealt with, I don’t think this is true. Going through COVID-19 and the pandemic, there are so many parallels with previous pandemics. Lots of people have commented on that; we forget things and relearn them. It’s vital to learn from history to see if we can try and do it better this time, but everything comes round in cycles. History finds its way in. I like reading; I read a lot. I like poetry; my father introduced me to poetry. He used to be able to recite whole poems; I can’t do that, but for me everything plays off against each other. I read about places I haven’t been and that influences how I look at other places.

I THINK THAT CURRENT ISSUES ARE ALSO HISTORICAL ISSUES É: How do you think the Exeter environment has impacted your work as opposed to living somewhere else? N: What I really like about Exeter is the fact that you can get out of it really quickly. I’m not really a city person and Exeter is a small city; to me it’s a bit of a big village in a way. This means it’s got good links to Dartmoor, to the sea, I love going to the beach and swimming. Where I live I’m right on the edge of the city and so I can get out into nature really quickly. When I moved back to this country, I’d been living in France for several years, I moved back into Bristol because I thought

difficult — a lot of issues in the world, politics and problems, could be solved if we sat down and read poetry or played music to each other.

WE OUGHT TO BE AT A POINT WHERE PEOPLE STUDY WHAT THEY’RE PASSIONATE ABOUT

Image: Rhodri Cooper

it sounded amazing from people’s opinions. It just felt very big and slightly oppressive for me, because I couldn’t feel my way outside of it. It just felt like lots and lots of buildings. Exeter for me is the right size and has this river running through the centre of it; all of the history: the cathedral, the University, which is amazing, St Nicholas Priory, learning goes back a thousand or more years. Everything is closely related to the river and to the coast, to the ports Topsham and Exmouth.

MY PERFECT DAY IS SPENT OUTDOORS LOOKING AT WILDLIFE É: That’s really interesting, because I’m actually from Bristol. Obviously I moved from Bristol to Exeter for university, so I can see what you’re saying about getting to places of nature in Bristol; it’s a lot harder. We spoke about how Exeter influences your work prior to this interview; who are your favourite artists? N: I love the painter Peter Doig. His paintings are amazing; I love the colours and slightly dreamy quality of them. I don’t know if it’s a problem with my work, but one of the issues with my work is that I like lots of different styles. I always draw and paint, but I love experimenting with things, and I think that’s where science comes in. The ‘Reading Water’ exhibition is cyanotype, which is a form of sun printing. You paint a chemical onto paper and you expose it in sunlight with different objects. It’s taking photographs, but one of the earliest types of photography, and blueprints for buildings were made with cyanotype, which is why they’re called ‘blueprints’ — because it’s blue [cyan is the colour between blue and green on the visible spectrum of light]. I find this fascinating, and I want to learn, so I try out lots of different processes. There are people a lot better than I am at all of the processes I try, but I really like experimenting with them. I also really like glass blowing; my art degree was in hot glass and sculpture. I always just see how you can best tell a story in a different style. One

style may not be best way to tell a story, so I’ll look for another one better suited. This is similar to whether an author will use the short story, novel or poem to get a message across in the best way.

IN MY WORK I CAN ONLY GIVE MY PERSPECTIVE. I CREATE THINGS HOW I SEE THEM É: You spoke a little about your art degree there. There has always been discussion over the value of doing an arts degree over, say, STEM. The focus is on women in STEM, getting students to study mathematical subjects. For English and Arts students, it sometimes feels as if our degrees are less valued by society. What would you say about that? N: I think you’re right, it does seem like that. The whole thing about getting women into science and technology probably didn’t start when I was at school but my school were very strong on that. Everybody in my biology A-Level class in my all girls’ school were going to be doctors, which was fantastic, but I wasn’t interested in that. We’re still fighting for people to do what they are good at and want to do. Yes, it’s important to encourage women, everybody, to do STEM, but I think we ought to be at a point where people study what they’re passionate about, because if you’re passionate you’re really going to put the effort in and be good at it and learn. I’m very much in favour of learning for learning’s sake. I’m very lucky that I’m able to do something I love, it has meant that I don’t earn a great income, I have friends who earn an awful lot more than I do, but I’m also very lucky that I get to travel and I’m more free because I choose to live a different lifestyle. It is a desperate shame that we don’t value the arts because they’re so important, they’re so important for looking at things in a different way and communication. Art helps with communicating with each other and speaking about things we find

É: Yes, definitely. The pandemic has shown the importance of art and culture as well, because people relied on that during the pandemic. N: Just to add to that; something that I’m really passionate about is the conversation with science and art always. That’s why I love working with scientists and researchers; they know stuff that I don’t, so I can learn something new. Some of the researchers I’ve worked with said it’s changed their approach to research through working with artists: that just means we all get better, we’re not narrowing ourselves down to keep learning from each other. É: What was the inspiration behind your blog? N: For the Reading Water piece particularly, because I didn’t know what that commission was going to be, because it was trying to tie in lots of different things, like health and wellbeing, being outdoors and getting together as a community and nature, it was the journal to remind myself of everything I’d found. I knew this wasn’t going to be the end — that this was going to go on and turn into lots of different things. There are so many layers — history, the shipbuilding industry. I’ve just learnt that the whaling industry used to hunt whales out in the Atlantic and then bring them up the Exe and render the blubber down in Lympstone, which I never knew. All sorts of things like that and then history and archaeology — it was a way of reminding myself and looking at something to go back to. É: No, that’s very interesting. How important do you think it is for the audience to understand your perspective as the artist vs having their own interpretation? N: Generally, in my work, I can only give my perspective. I create things how I see them. ‘Reading the Water’ was very much my story, but I was inviting people to invoke their own point of view from my art. Particularly in other work, when I’m painting, which is maybe more of an abstract way of communicating, so often people will come and tell me things they see in the image that I didn’t see. I try not to tell people too much about some forms of my work. People say ‘what’s it about’ but I usually regret it when I tell them too much. I want other people to bring their own stories to my art. The point of culture is that we all have a part in creating it, so we read things in different ways because of background, education and who you are. This is so important in art as it feeds new ideas. Continued on the next page

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arts + lit

EDITORS: Ella Minty & Ana Anajuba

29 MAR 2022 | 17

‘I like reading; I read a lot’ Continued from previous page...

É: You have spoken about poetry a little bit. As the Arts and Lit editors, we give content calls about this subject. What do you think can be done to get people to engage more with art? We find a lot of people engage with books but not with art on that same level. N: I think part of the issue in the past is that the gallery has been viewed as imposing, a white space as a sanctuary for art, where there’s one piece of art on a white wall. This can be intimidating. There’s been a huge drive to bring art and culture to where people are. There is quite a bit of that going on in Exeter; we’ve had things like Artwork Exeter, there’s been things like not open studios. On Sidwell Street, there’s Maketank, which has a huge window with exhibits right there. Pheonix and Ramm try to bring things out to people — there have been shows down on the Quayside. It is a case of taking art to people, and presenting stuff that isn’t too inaccessible. There’s a lot going on up and down the country to achieve this. It takes funding and is expensive; I’m working with a group of people

called Tidelines, they’re based in Exmouth and were hoping to do a festival on the river, but we didn’t get funding from the Arts Council. So, that would have been people out on the river doing activities. It’s just mixing art up with literature and science with other activities. É: As a nice wrap up question, we just wanted to ask, what is your favourite piece of art that you have produced? N: The piece that I’m still really proud of is one I did a few years ago called ‘All About Migration’. It created itself in a way, it evolved. The reason I really like it is because it talks about nature, it’s about Brent Geese. I made 10,000 postcards in the shape of a brent goose, blank on one side, sent them all around the world and invited people to write something or draw something and post it back with their postcode or GPS location. The geese migrated out and migrated back and I got about 15 per cent back, which is quite a lot out of 10,000. I hung those who came back in a flock of geese — I asked people to reflect on migration. Some people wrote about whales, or fish, or birds, or about human stories. Human migration, refugees. I had poems from China, I had postcards from

ships in the Antartic, but the reason I’m proud of it is because it was made by those 1500 people that responded. I was absolutely amazed at the stories from people I don’t know in Poland or Venezula or whatever took the time to write back. It’s massively relevant when you consider stories from refugees and the fact that nature is intrinsically mixed in with the human story and the more we destroy nature, the more it becomes difficult to live in the world and the more migration there’s going to be. I feel really proud of it because it doesn’t really belong to me at all, other people made it.

Image: Naomi Hart

Writing women

Carys Williams writes about female empowerment within literature and lyrics

Stacey Halls

LL of Halls’ books focus on a different aspect of the female experience. The Familiars, Hall’s debut novel, is set in the 17th century and focuses on a woman’s struggle to provide an heir for her husband, as well as following the story of her midwife, Alice Grey, who is accused of witchcraft. The bestseller shines a light on the Pendle Witch Trials that happened in Lancashire in the 1600s and the struggles that many women faced often due to not fitting in, being widows, or suffering from issues which were not Image Mira Books understood at the time. So many times, throughout history, women have unfortunately been the victims of society’s lack of understanding. Alice Nutter, the real-life woman who was hung for being a ‘witch’ during the Pendle trials and whom the fictional Alice Grey is based on, has her own statue in a small village in Lancashire honouring her memory. Halls brilliantly highlighted the harrowing events that occurred during the witch trials, simply often because of groups of women who fell outside the societal norms. With the power of social media and influencers being at an all time high, it is an essential novel that advocates how important it is to tolerate difference and diversity among women in society, as well as highlighting the dangers of prejudice.

Reading corner Ella Minty, Arts and Lit Editor, reviews The Hungry Tide by Amitav Ghosh

Pip Williams

UTHOR of The Dictionary of Lost Words, Williams’ novel tells the story of a girl who grows up in the 1900s watching her father and his team of lexicographers, combing through words, and sorting them, to decide which ones will make it into the world’s first ever Oxford English Dictionary. One day she discovers the word ‘bondmaid’ has been forgotten about, and she soon realises Image Chatto and Windus with the help of the female servants that the words associated with women and predominantly female experiences often go unrecorded. She then embarks on a word-collecting journey where she interviews women about their experiences and collects the words they use and their meanings to create her own ‘dictionary.’ Valuable in its depiction of the suffrage movement and of the power of words in shaping narratives and society, Pip Williams’ book shows how many women over time have been silenced and highlights how important it is to acknowledge that the female experience often has many different faces and varies from person to person.

MITAV Ghosh, author of many prolific books set in India, is a wonderfully dymanic writer. Set in Indian Tide country, the novel follows multiple narratives: Piya, the IndianAmerican marine biologist, Kanai, a middle-class Indian translator, and Nirmal, Kanai‘s uncle, who moved to the Tide Country with his wife. As an ecological disaster narrative, The Hungry Tide

manages to encompass all views when it comes to conservation and human rights. Detailing the real life massacre at Morichjhãpi, in which the Indian government assassinated refugees living on the island because of its need for conservation of the Bengali tiger, Ghosh brings into play, through a cautious narrative, the need to consider human rights and conservation rights together in

Florence Welch

EMALE experiences are often discussed through the medium of music, and the latest single ‘King’ by Florence and the Machine does just that. The song paints an image of a woman unburdening herself of all the roles that society places on her, and articulates the importance of independence, and the freedom that women should have — “I am no mother, I am no bride. I am king.”While the lyrics are hard-hitting, ‘King’ is not her only song that addresses the female experience, whether that’s in the present or throughout history. Another latest release, Heaven is Here, has caused speculation regarding whether the song and the music video accompanying it have been partly inspired by witch trials and ‘witches’ themselves. One widely held belief was that only ‘witches’ would float on the surface if held underwater, and innocent people would just go under. The lyrics that follow, “I went to the water and drank every drop” seem to show someone who is not struggling at all, who conquers the water, and who above all decides to go to it herself. When taken in this context, Welch has given a voice to those accused of witchcraft in the past and has reframed the narrative so that the women are seen as the conqueror, as opposed to the conquered. Although this interpretation is not confirmed by Florence Welch herself, the lyrics above and the video’s choreography mirroring the body language often seen on the gallows, suggest that Welch could be trying to highlight the traumatic experiences women faced then, sometimes just for being women, and the way that the female experience has changed over the centuries.

a world that champions animal conservation. In the case of this historical example detailed by Ghosh, conservation won over human rights, and although we don‘t know official numbers due to there being no official records of the massacre, it is estimated that many died. Kusum‘s narrative in the novel is symbolic of the refugees who tried to settle but got violently evicted by

the government, an event that was ‘forgotten‘ by the Indian government for many years. A complex novel that will make you think about the multiple perspectives involved in globalisation, Ghosh‘s novel is a must to understand the complicated politics of conservation and human longevity in a place that‘s virtually uninhabitable.

LIFESTYLE

MUSIC

TECH

STUDY BREAK

ARTS + LIT

SCREEN

MUSIC

Dua Lipa faces copyright lawsuit D

Deputy Editor, Lucy Aylmer, investigates litigation in music, focusing on the recent scandal with Dua Lipa

UA Lipa has been receiving a lot of press attention lately — and it’s not for the right sort of reasons. Mired in controversy, Dua Lipa has been accused of plagiarism by songwriters L Russell Brown and Sandy Lizner, who allege that the opening melody of ‘Levitating’ is a duplicate of their song ‘Wiggle and Giggle All Night’ and ‘Don Diablo’. But this isn’t the first time Lipa has faced legal difficulties concerning the song ‘Levitating’. Previously, Florida reggae band, Artikal Sound System claimed that Lipa had also copied their song ‘Live Your Life’. Lipa has admitted that her song deliberately takes inspiration from historic music, which accounts for the “retro” feel of her 2020 album, Future Nostalgia. But at what point does taking inspiration count as copyright? Historically, musicians and artists alike, have taken inspiration from each other in what is arguably a mutually beneficial relationship. Take any modern art movement; they are grouped together in labels such as ‘Modernism’ or ‘Surrealism’ because their art contains similar characteristics to other artists working during that period — but that doesn’t necessarily mean that they are reproducing identical pieces of art. Similarly, with musical plagiarism, there is a very fine line between copying and taking inspiration. According to Lawyer Drummer, musical plagiarism can be proven based on two things: access and substantial similarity. The former relates to whether the infringer had heard, or could rea-

sonably have heard, the original song prior to the writing of the song. And secondly, that the average listener could tell that one song has been copied from another. These are the two key determinants of whether a song is liable for copyright. But equally, inspiration originates from external factors that can prompt creativity or a brilliant idea. These external factors could very well be music from the past and songs already written — but no one wants to curb inspiration on grounds of illegality. Replicable songs are more frequent for some genres over others. Take chart toppers. It is a wellknown fact that almost every pop song in the charts uses the same four chords. Pop music is a saturated industry, and it is hardly surprising that there have been a rising number of copyright cases from Dua Lipa to Sam Smith, and even Katy Perry. Yet, what is unique in Lipa’s case is the line of argument that L Russel Brown and Sandy Lizner are taking with the song ‘Levitating’. The lawsuit claims that the song’s success is rooted in Tik Tok videos which have used the song as their backing music. According to the plaintiffs, “the signature melody [of ‘Levitating’] often comprises 50 per cent or more of these viral videos”. Tik Tok truncates part of the song into 60 second clips which just so happen to frame the alleged plagiarised melody. Arguably, what users chose to do on Tik Tok with Dua Lipa’s music is not Dua Lipa’s responsibility, it is the responsibility of sites such as Tik Tok that facilitate content creation.

A case for country

Images: Wikimedia Commons

Francesca Sylph, Screen Editor, argues why country music should be more popular

OUNTRY has always been a polarising genre. Some people love it; most people hate it. Or at least, they think they hate it. Now, I’m not trying to convert everyone who reads this article into diehard country fans. I’m not expecting you to buy a pair of cowboy boots and move to Nashville, Tennessee. However, it would be nice to not be the only country fan I know under the age of fifty. As someone who spent most of their childhood sitting in the backseat of my Dad’s car listening to the likes of Billie Jo Spears, Crystal Gayle, Tammy Wynette and Jeannie C. Riley (the original queens of country), I’ll always have a soft spot for the genre that raised me. And I’d love to not get absolutely slated every time someone glances at my Spotify. Since her Grammy win in 2019 (alongside supporting Harry Styles on tour, and collaborating with Troye Sivan and Lana Del Rey), Kacey Musgraves has brought country to a whole new generation. When I saw Kacey on her ‘Oh, What a World Tour’ back in 2018, I was pleasantly surprised to not be the only teenager/twenty-something there (although we were still the minority). If you’re looking to dip your toe into country, Golden Hour is the perfect place to start. Blending country and pop, with elements of disco and

the influence of psychedelic drugs, Golden Hour is probably the most accessible country record to be released in the last few years. Personal favourites include ‘Slow Burn,’ ‘Butterflies,’ and ‘Velvet Elvis.’ However, since I’m a bit of a puritan when it comes to country, I prefer her older albums (Same Trailer Different Park and Pageant Material) when she was still making classic country (‘Dime Store Cowgirl’ is my all-time favourite).

ISN'T STORYTELLING THE REASON WE CONNECT WITH MUSIC? Maren Morris is another artist I’d recommend as a gateway into country. Her debut album HERO blends the beloved genre with R&B and rock (‘My Church’ is an absolute banger). In 2019, Maren Morris helped form supergroup The Highwomen with Brandi Carlile, Amanda Shires and Natalie Hemby — the boygenius of country. Speaking of collaboration between female artists, there is no lack of all-women bands and duos in country right now. Maddie & Tae burst onto the scene back in 2015 with ‘Girl in a Country Song’ which has one of the most iconic opening lines I’ve ever heard: “No country music was harmed in the mak-

ing of this song…” The Secret Sisters, made up of Laura and Lydia, are another personal favourite, blending country and folk with their heavenly harmonies (if the afterlife is real, I want ‘He’s Fine’ to play as I am greeted through the pearly gates). Country music is often criticised as being conservative. While there is some truth behind that statement, the country music scene today is pretty diverse. The upcoming Amazon Music documentary For Love & Country highlights the Black artists currently changing country, including Mickey Guyton who became the first Black artist to earn a Grammy nomination for Best Country Album with her debut record Remember Her Name in 2021. The name Trixie Mattel will probably be familiar to fans of RuPaul’s Drag Race, but she also makes country music in addition to her comedic drag persona. With three albums already under her wing (Two Birds, One Stone and Barbara), Trixie Mattel is one of the most exciting queer artists in country right now. At the end of the day, isn’t storytelling the reason we connect with music? And what is country, if not ordinary people telling ordinary stories (in addition to string instruments and Southern accents, of course)? I have a theory that most people who say they “hate country music”

don’t actually know the genre. If you still hate country after giving some of these artists a listen then, fine, I’m not going to force a cowboy hat on your head and a banjo in your hands. I’ve just got a lot of love for this genre and I think other people could as well if they gave it a chance.

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EDITORS: Harry Hawkins and Charlotte Bend

music

29 MAR 2022 | 21

In conversation with: Paul Draper P

Harry Hawkins, Music Editor, talks with the former Mansun frontman

AUL first came up through the cult britpop band Mansun, acclaimed for their complex yet catchy records which stuck out in the late 90s. His solo career, which he only embarked upon in recent years, has been going well, with a second record under his belt. I managed to take a seat with Paul before his show at the Exeter Phoenix on 15 March. É: I first heard of your music through a podcast who discussed your band Mansun’s record, Six. What do you think about how music can be discovered today, and how your audience was discovered? P: Yeah, my audience was the same audience of people from when I was in Mansun. The audience have followed me. Fans are now in their 60s down to the late 30s, so it’s unusual to have a fan such as yourself, but to hear you discovered Six through a podcast is great really, it’s better than being known for the singles because we made some great full albums.

MANSUN WERE A STUDIO PROJECT THAT CHOPPED AND CHANGED IN DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS É: When it comes to influence, I would say you fit into a wider tradition of British prog, like Steven Wilson, the Cardiacs, and Ride. Does this definition fit with you? P: I’m firmly in the alt camp, not prog really. My albums get in the charts and sell well, but no longer get singles. They’ve dropped me into... art rock, I write dark pop songs. É: Prince made a strong influence on you as a musician growing up, is that correct? P: Prince and the Beatles are my favourite artists, followed closely by Bowie and Kate Bush. All leftfield pop acts, you know. Mansun used to change our image and sound, which we took a lot from Bowie. Androgynous image, mixing things up. We toured with Bowie when he did drum and bass on his Earthling record. People would say they didn’t know what to make of Mansun, as we were chop ‘n change, but that’s because we were a studio project that chopped and changed in different directions. É: At times you’ve been more of a performer, at times more of a producer, like some work with Skin from Skunk Anansie. P: Mansun split in 2001, then the band got me back to do a fourth album as they couldn’t cut it on their own. We recorded about 15-20 songs over six weeks, from 2001-2003. But I wasn’t happy with them, so I walked out. We never finished the fourth album, but I will be finishing that in the future and putting it out. There are still a few interesting things left in the archives yet to come out. After that, I always wanted to run my own studio, so I rented and ran a studio and had John Legend, Savages, Pixie Lott. I did writing work with Skunk Anansie as well as the Anchoress. É: Was a Mansun fan petition the actoin that got some unreleased material out? P: Yes, there was a fan petition to get the unreleased fourth album material, so monitor mixes were re-

Image: Chuff Media

leased as a boxset called Kleptomania. É: Is having a reliable fan base important for you? P: Yes, whilst it doesn’t cost anything for people to get into artists today, my way of making a living is touring and selling vinyl’s. Cult Leader Tactics went to No. 3 in vinyl charts, and I’m only on an indie label. A few of the majors are trying to sign me up, but I’m enjoying it as it is. É: Is there a culture difference between being on an indie as opposed to a major label? P: Oh yeah! On the third Mansun album, we were forced by our label into being a pop band and I didn’t want to do it. Didn’t want to tour it, didn’t want to do interviews — didn’t want to be part of it. That’s why I signed to an independent label this time. The two albums I’ve made with them — Spooky Action and Cult Leader Tactics — are exactly what I wanna do. É: Onto Cult Leader Tactics — it’s not often that you see an album roll out with an accompanying book! P: I wrote a book about how to get on in life by being a massive bastard — it is a satire, just so you know. One of my big influences is Monty Python in terms of the humour. I wrote the album to go with it, as snippets from the book. There are a lot of chapters of the book that the record company wouldn’t let me release — can’t name the names — but there’s 60 pages now. It was a big project to undertake, but I enjoyed doing it. É: After hearing Cult Leader Tactics, it made me go back to the first Mansun record, Attack of the Grey Lantern. Would you say that it’s a sort of return to that early form? P: I think that it’s the closest thing to Grey Lantern that I’ve done, which is using characters to describe an overall arc. Its not a prog rock album, more of a satire. É: The record has a kind of structure which I’ve found in a lot of post-pan-

demic records — starting out angry but ending on an optimistic note. P: The book and record are all a satire, the last track of Cult Leader Tactics is there to say ‘don’t live your life like this’. É: You have a few collaborators on your record, like P-Dub. Has he been a long-term collaborator? P: I’ve worked with lots of engineers, but P-Dub started with me in 1995 and we’ve been mates ever since. He engineered Spooky Action for me whilst I produced. We got halfway through Cult Leader Tactics when COVID-19 kicked in. We both worked on the rest of the record at our homes, so he took co-production. As I have my own studio, I like to get involved in production and arrangement. Singing is my least favourite part

NOWADAYS MY MAIN THING IS TO PLAY AND MAKE SURE EVERYONE GOES HOME HAPPY. É: Has singing always been your least favourite part? P: Yeah always, I just never liked my voice. É: Are there any constants in terms of lyrical themes and focuses on your work over time? P: My first record was an amalgamation of my childhood. The second album, Six, was about where we at that moment in time, thinking about religions, philosophies, possible failure. The record company intervened after that and made us write Little Kix more conventionally. The lyrics on Kleptomania chronicle my descent into the abyss, really. Then Spooky Action was about my anger at the other members of the band screwing me over, so I’ve got that out. Now that I’m not bothered about that, I’ve gone right back to the start, which is why Cult Leader

Tactics is like Grey Lantern. Grey Lantern satirised my life as I grew up, and Cult Leader Tactics satirises my life now that I have. É: Did you ever consider joining a band again after Mansun? P: Didn’t want to be in a band, or go solo, I wanted to produce records. But what happened was there was the Kleptomania petition, and then I played an unreleased solo track at a Mansun convention. Then when I released the track — NME made it single of the week. Once the pressure of offers for solo albums came in, I thought ‘I’ll just do it anyway’. É: Religion, particularly Catholicism, was a strong constant in some of your previous work. Does it still impact you now? P: I was raised as a Catholic, very strict, mass every day and confessions. I rejected it all. On the first record you have songs like ‘Stripper Vicar’, which are more serious than you think. It was about the seedy side of small towns. Nowadays, I’m still not religious, but I am a spiritualist. Everyday I wake up and try to live by the right rules. Music is a spiritual journey — I started off ambitious and wanted to be successful. Nowadays my main thing is to play and make sure everyone goes home happy. As long as I have a roof over my head, I just want to go out and play on the road. É: Sometimes musicians, especially rock musicians, can be associated with disorder and hectic lifestyle, but I’ve heard recently you mentioned finding more of a routine as a musician. P: I’m a deadline person, I throw a lot of shit at the walls, sift through and see what the best things are. I’m not a stage school person who does it as a job, but I get an emotional buzz. When it happens it happens. É: Just as the last question, I was going to ask about a gig in Nottingham… P: Yeah, I’m not talking about that. Have you got any proper questions to ask?

screen

Animated adventures

From Disney princessess to claymation, Exeposé Screen Writers share their favourite animated films

MY LIFE AS A COURGETTE

OLLOWING the death of his alcoholic mother, Courgette learns to love and trust again with the help of a kind police officer and a foster home full of new friends. My Life as a Courgette is a beautiful and heart-breaking look at loss of childhood innocence and how children deal with grief, trauma, abuse, and other adult themes. In many ways, it’s a children’s film for the child selves that still live within us as adults. My Life as a Courgette somehow manages to break your heart and then Sellotape it back together again in only 66 minutes. This film accomplishes more in an hour than most films do in two. Cowritten by Céline Sciamma, it’s no surprise that the screenplay will make you sob. But, in the words of Courgette, “sometimes we cry when we’re happy.” Wholesome, heart-warming and precious, My Life as a Courgette is the perfect film if you’re in need of a good cry. Francesca Sylph, Screen Editor

TANGLED

ANGLED is one of my favourite Disney animations. The film narrates the story of Rapunzel, a lost princess who is imprisoned by her over-bearing foster mother. Rapunzel is determined to leave the tower in which she is kept and seeks a life beyond her mother’s embrace. But alas, Rapunzel’s long blonde hair has healing qualities which enable eternal youth. Her vain and controlling mother is keen to hold onto her youth — and Rapunzel’s hair and special song known as “healing incantation” that facilitates it. Tangled is a tale as old as time; it’s about growing up, leaving the nest and venturing into the world. Along the way, Rapunzel faces many trials and tribulations which only contribute to her character building as she is forced to navigate the messy reality of life. For any of you graduating this year, Tangled is a wonderful reminder of the endless possibilities and challenges that lie beyond life as a student in Exeter. Lucy Aylmer, Deputy Editor Image: My Life as a Courgette, Blue Spirit Productions.

CINDERELLA

have always liked most of the animated Disney movies, but my childhood favourite was Cinderella (1950). Although the first-recorded story featuring a Cinderella figure dates back to Ancient Greece in the sixth century BCE, one of the most favoured versions of the fairy-tale was written in French by Charles Perrault in 1697, named Cendrillon. The story of Cinderella, as told in Disney’s 1950 film, is of course well-known. Following the untimely demise of her father, Cinderella faces countless problems thrown at her by her cruel stepmother and stepsisters. But her life changes forever after dancing with a charming stranger at the ball. Eventually, Cinderella escapes the clutches of her evil stepfamily by marrying Prince Charming. This classic story still has audiences captivated; Andrew Lloyd Webber’s brand new Cinderella is currently playing at the Gillian Lynne Theatre. Cinderella is timeless and will always be my ultimate Disney Princess film. Bridie Adams, Editor

ATLANTIS: THE LOST EMPIRE

F you’re looking for adventure, here is an archaeological cel-animation of the Atlantis myth. Written by Jules Verne and set in a Gothic Western it centralises spiritual and moral discussions over a fictive amalgam-culture, with lightening weapons and mesmerising glowing crystals. And Moliére, whatever his deal is. Mike Mignola’s comic-style and the linguistic imagination of Marc Okrand (who created Klingon) combine for several breath-taking sequences and a very believable world below. The troop of characters are well-voiced and engaging, with sympathetic stories and a camaraderie that make them easy to root for. Alongside consistently elegant visuals and a soaring soundtrack we see the 1914’s through cartographer and linguist Milo Thatch’s optimistic and trusting eyes. The serious discussion about the making and breaking of myth and history; combined with sea monsters, mass destruction and some very believable peril, makes for one hell of an adventure. Amber Hogan

Rom-com retellings

Francesca Sylph, Screen Editor, discusses the best rom-com adaptations of classic literary texts

OOK-TO-FILM adaptation is a risky business; it’s hit and miss. Or, if we’re being honest, it’s mostly miss. Occasionally, you get films that are “better than the book” — I’m thinking of American Psycho, Fight Club, Jaws and Forrest Gump to name a few. However, more often than not, book fans are left disappointed. When reading a novel, each person will visualise the characters and the storyworld differently. So, when the picture onscreen doesn’t match up to the picture in your head, it can be a bit of a let-down — especially if, like me, the book holds such a special place in your heart.

I’M NOT SAYING WE SHOULD ADAPT EVERY CLASSIC NOVEL INTO A ROM-COM... BUT I’M ALSO NOT NOT SAYING THAT Now, I’m not a filmmaker nor a novelist; I’m merely a lover of rom-coms. But, there was a time in the late ‘90s and early 2000s when big studios were obsessed with adapting classic literary texts into modern-day rom-coms. They weren’t the greatest films ever made but, hey, they were fun! This relatively niche trend has sadly died down in the past couple of years,

and I’m starting a petition to bring it back. I’m not saying that we should adapt every classic novel into a high school rom-com… but I’m also not not saying that. Who doesn’t love a good rom-com? Boring people, I guess. And sexists. Before I share my top three rom-com retellings, here are some honourable mentions: Easy A, Cruel Intentions, and She’s the Man (which, believe it or not, is based on Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night). Amy Heckerling’s 1995 cult classic Clueless gives Jane Austen’s Emma a 20th century makeover. Clueless is by far the best Emma adaptation (sorry, Anya Taylor-Joy, I still love you) because it remains faithful to the book’s tone and Austen’s voice in a way that most other adaptations don’t. It’s no secret that everyone loves Austen because she is romantic, but people often forget that she is also funny. Emma isn’t really a romance; it’s a comedy about a privileged woman who meddles and matchmakes. Just like Emma and Harriet, Cher takes new kid Tai under her wing and attempts to fix her up with Elton, without realising that he is ac-

tually in love with Cher/Emma. Both heroines also end up falling for their older brother figures — gross, but young Paul Rudd is pretty cute so I’ll let it slide. By translating the world of Emma in 1990s Beverly Hills, complete with miniskirts, baggy jeans and Valley Girl slang, Clueless remains faithful to Emma’s humorous and satirical tone. Moving onto Austen’s most beloved book, there have been several adaptations of Pride and Prejudice (including one with zombies and way too many Hallmark holiday movies) but none of them hit quite like Bridget Jones’ Diary. An adaptation of an adaptation (Helen Fielding’s novel is essentially

Pride and Prejudice fanfiction), this film knows what its audience wants. And what it wants is Colin Firth. Getting an actual Mr. Darcy to play Mark Darcy was a stroke of genius. While I can’t claim that Bridget Jones is the best Pride and Prejudice adaptation (the hand flex in Joe Wright’s 2005 film really seals the deal), this film is unapologetically fun and perfect for a sleepover movie marathon. Saving the best for last, there is no way I could have written this article without praising the greatest rom-com retelling of all time: 10 Things I Hate About You. A modernisation of Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew, 10 Things is a god tier ‘90s high school rom-com. Heartthrob Heath Ledger agrees to date the ‘undatable’ Kat (a lover of “feminist prose, angry girl music of the indie-rock persuasion” and everything I wanted to be when I grew up) so that a baby-faced Joseph Gordon-Levitt (so adorable) can date her younger sister. I don’t know about you but after being forced to watch one too many Kenneth Branagh Shakespeare adaptations in A Level English Literature, Taming of the Shrew, but with a sick soundtrack and serenading on the bleachers, was like a breath of fresh air. They just don’t make rom-coms like this anymore. Bring on the rom-com retellings renaissance, please! Image: Clueless, Paramount Pictures.

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EDITORS: Archie Lockyer and Francesca Sylph

screen

29 MARCH 2022 | 23

Criterion collection chaos

Archie Lockyer, Screen Editor investigates the world of the Criterion Closet

AVING a look around film Youtube, you are likely to inevitably stumble upon the Criterion Collection set of ‘Closet Picks’. These delightful videos follow a similar formula of famous auteurs or quirky actors rummaging through the ‘Criterion Closet’, a labyrinthian sprawl of films from across the globe and picking out films of interest. Stay with me. If you haven’t watched the series before, this may sound inextricably dull. But these little videos offer a casual insight into the inspiration behind countless faces of independent and foreign cinema. In this article, I will pick out my personal favourites of these videos and explain what makes them so great. Gaspar Noé: Argentinian director Gaspar Noé, to put it lightly, makes films that are not to everyone’s taste. His work focuses on psychedelic journeys through the human mind and for Noé that’s not a place you particularly want to go. More often than not, it’s a mesmerising, psychotic and violent arena for humanity to partake in it’s worst impulses. Whether it’s the transient experiences of Enter the Void or the horrors of the fantastic Climax, Gaspar Noé will always take you somewhere, irregardless if that’s a place you want to go. So his ‘Criterion Closet’ truly is something else. One of the comments reads “almost ten seconds of intense silence when he picks up saló” and that basically sums up the entire

video. Noé dances around picking up nightmarish choices like Todd Hayne’s Safe or the aforementioned Salò or the 120 days of Sodom, with a gleefully malevolent look in his eye. However, there is also a strange comfort from his sheer joy at picking out such dark, horrifying blu-rays to keep. When he discusses State of Siege and how he watched it over a dozen times as a child, it becomes this amalgamation of wholesomeness and terror. The Safdie Brothers: Most people who enter the Criterion Closet take around fivefilms. The start of this video has two large tote bags filled to the brim, with the Safdies arguing over what to keep and what to leave. Then Josh Safdie promises that they will “put back most of the stuff”, an awkward laugh from Benny Safdie, knowing that this is a total lie. This is the dynamic of the whole video. It really shows the Uncut Gems and Good Time directors for what they are. Brothers. They talk over each other as they give Image: IMDb fantastically funny anecdotes about how the two ‘accosted’ Tim Roth at Venice Film Festival about the films Meantime and Made In Britain. The Safdies aren’t just directors. They’re also total nerds. Whether it’s Benny gleefully shouting “oh my goodness” at the sight of Stephan Frear’s My Beautiful Laundrette or how his life was changed from physicist to filmmaker by watching Il Posto. The video is truly a delight. Richard Ayoade: Everyone has their

own way of getting into film. For some it was Scorsese or Greta Gerwig or Ridley Scott. For me, it was Edgar Wright and Richard Ayoade. To put a spotlight on the lesser known director of the two. Richard Ayoade’s ‘Closet Picks’ video is a short, twee adventure through his comic and dramatic influences. The video being released between his two films Submarine and The Double show the fascinating combination of the serious with the comic within his pictures. He proudly (although with the awkwardness expected of Ayoade) states that his two favourite films are Bergman’s Persona and the surreal comedy Zazie dans le Métro, which is essentially the perfect chemistry to sum up his work. Those two minutes are pure gold,

So Marvel won — what next? Stanley Murphy-Johns explores the ever changing DC-Marvel relationship

eyes makes The Batman a roaring success. As Marvel tie themselves into their continuing plot, expanding into a multiverse, with 17 billion projects piled miles high on Kevin Feige’s desk they will eventually slip up. They will falter and then it will end, but not before they’ve drained every crumb of value from the incredible universe they’ve created. Finally DC seem to have realised that this wild spinning plate roadshow has nothing to do with them, and through no longer being beholden to it, they have produced their best work. Right now, the Marvel v DC argument is still impossible if the films are going to be included, but with the direction DC have decided to take, stepping away from a cinematic universe and towards interesting, creative storytelling, it is possible that one day, the argument will rise once more.

all

the

intimate

quaintness discussion

expected with

Ayoade.

Images (L to R): IMDB, WikimediaCommons, Flickr

Documentary spotlight: The Street

HERE are so many superhero movies, brilliant visuals. This originalbut one debate, which has seemingly ity is integral to the success of drifted off slightly in the last few years, DC films at this stage in time. is the battle between Marvel and DC. Marvel Allowing filmmakers creative won. In every measurable ‘monetary’ sense, control to tell interesting stoMarvel drowned DC in an ocean of box of- ries, rather than haphazardly fice dollars and every time DC clawed them- attempting to follow a blueselves up to breathe, they choked. First with print laid by their biggest rivals. Much to Martin Scorsese’s Batman V Superman, then Suicide Squad and Justice League. All the while, Marvel contin- dismay, there is a place for Marued to produce solid 7/10 content in a me- vel and DC film content to exthodical fashion. As such, the debate seemed ist alongside each other, but to fade slightly as Marvel continued to march just because they appear in the to the beat of an entirely untouchable drum. same genre it does not mean Despite this, there is hope for DC, and they need to be the same movies. I hope the that hope lies in their differentiation from current trend towards more stable, more creative DC products is a realisation Marvel, making standalone superthat they can tread a different hero and super villain movies path to Marvel and that this along with a smattering route will be taken further. of excellent comedy. I was genuinely exDC films have been cited to see The Batman; rejuvenated, and if it’s the first DC film I’ve they continue to been actively anticido their own thing, pating for a long while they will most likeand I don’t think I’m ly be successful. alone in that. This isn’t The Batman is an a suggestion that the excellent example of film was flawless; there this, there is no hint of was clunky exposition, and franchising, no attempt Images: IMDb half an hour of the movie to shoehorn in Joaquin definitely could have been cut, Phoenix’s oker or Margot Robbut it was still solid, and it was differbie’s Harley Quinn. Instead they tell a new and interesting story, with heavy ent. Right now, different stories are exactly roots from the comics, an excellent cast and what DC need to focus on, which in my

with

HE Street follows a typical street in London and all the problems that come with it. More specifically, Hoxton Street in Hackney. The people that we follow in the film, feel like a canvas of London itself. With interviews from residents who had lived on Hoxton for decades, seeing it move from a quiet suburb to a bustling place of business in its own right, to younger professionals, kicked further away from the center of the city due to rising housing prices. What makes The Street so engaging is that whether we agree or disagree with the residents on their views on the modernisation of Hoxton, they are endlessly engaging and behave as real people instead of those being shot on a camera. The phantom of gentrification stalks the film with a noticeable emphasis on the loss of the ‘old, better ways’ which links handily to another key theme of the film; Brexit and the seeming rejection of a new ‘modern’ London by older voters. One of the key conflicts is the opening of a new craft beer shop. Whilst it may sound trivial, it comes to symbolise the clash between the newer, younger residents of Hackney and the old. The craft beer shop and the EU are pretty much interchangeable. However, there is more to this than meets the eye. The real threat is the group that exploits both of them, the real cause of gentrification and the ever rising housing prices; private industry, quietly snatching away the prospects of the young and destroying the old. The Street is a genuinely heart-wrenching documentary. It presents the generational gap in a more nuanced and, in my opinion, accurate way. I would highly recommend it. Archie Lockyer, Screen Editor

TECH Will the PS5 shortage continue? Daisy Scott, Online Science Editor, answers the question on every gamer’s lips: when will PS5s be in stock?

’M pretty sure we all know someone who is still in search of the elusive Playstation5 (PS5) console. They have been incredibly difficult to source ever since they first launched in November 2020. However, it is not entirely the fault of Sony.

THEY HAVE BEEN INCREDIBLY DIFFICULT TO SOURCE The first signs of supply problems from Sony were seen when gamers ripped open their Amazon deliveries last year expecting their new consoles and received anything but. Customers reported receiving bags of grain or George Forman Grills. The console has become so hard to source that it has spawned whole communities on Reddit (24,500 strong) and Twitter, trying to source and get their hands on the device. There are so many people with their eyes on it that whenever the device is back in stock through a retailer, the websites crash — either kicking customers off or putting them

MORE PEOPLE WERE LOOKING FOR A PS5 in queues for hours. Here are several reasons why the PS5 is currently so difficult to source. COVID-19 pandemic: This pandemic has affected all our lives in loads of different ways and affected all industries as well. Not only did the pandemic see production lines shut down, or at least slow down to a snail’s pace, but it made everyone stay at home. Whilst everyone had more time on their hands at

home, more people were looking for a PS5 to entertain themselves, causing demand to go through the roof, and at the same time there were shortages in the semiconductors, which delayed the production even further. Shortages in semiconductors: Making enough consoles to meet demand is physically not possible now due to a global shortage in semiconductors. Today, millions of products — cars, washing machines and smartphones rely on these computer chips known as semiconductors. Companies around the world, even those that aren’t necessarily associated with computer chips have not been spared; for example, CSI International, a US firm producing grooming machines is feeling the effects. The problem was made worse as the pandemic unfolded. Early signs of fluctuating demand led to stockpiling and advance ordering of chips by some tech companies left others struggling to acquire the parts they needed. Distribution: The EverGiven cargo ship blocked the Suez Canal — a hightraffic waterway responsible for a large proportion of the direct shipping between Europe and Asia. It is estimated that $9.6 billion (£6.8 billion) worth of goods were being held up in the canal each day. Resellers: On top of the already obvious issues with manufacturing and the number of consoles that are needed around the world, it can make getting your hands on one even harder!

The most insidious resellers can ping retail websites every few seconds to see if there is any stock available and, if there is, swoop in and buy up the entirety of the available inventory. They can then resell them for up to $1,000 each, doubling the original price. Even worse than the resellers are scammers who target down-on-their-luck consumers on platforms such as Facebook

Marketplace (where a lot of us shop) and can also use completely fraudulent websites. They promise to sell the console for around $550 but never deliver on the offer. So, what does this mean? The limitations in production have had a real effect on Sony. While the company was expecting to assemble more than 16 million units between April 2021 and March 2022, the figure is now reportedly closer to 15 million. Sony have publicly predicted that it would sell 14.8 million PS5 consoles this financial year, so it just goes to show how tight the supply will be for the foreseeable future. The initial figure of 16 million units would have allowed Sony to meet the goal whilst at the same time securing additional stock for the following year. PS5 enthusiasts may not have much longer left to wait to get their hands on the console as Sony’s CEO Jim Ryan has said we could be about to see more PS5 consoles entering production this summer: “We’re working as hard as we can to ameliorate the situation. We see production ramping up over the summer.” However, employees who spoke to Tech Radar have said that there is likely to be a shortage in supply until at least the end of 2022. Image: Wikimedia Commons

The truth about shadow banning E

Danni Darrah, Lifestyle Editor, uncovers the tech behind shadow banning

NABLING an accessible way of creating a personal brand, a business or simply sharing interesting content, social media is an online haven for many. A space of freedom and equality where anyone can experience micro-celebrity or build an empire from nothing but a digital device is almost too good to be true. And it is. Speculation of shadow banning, secret restriction of certain content, has circled for a few years, under suspicion that content posted by certain groups or individuals is blocked by algorithms before making it into the all important explore feed. It comes as no secret that social media platforms use algorithms and AI to ensure a circulation of what individuals like and want to see more of. These algorithms change frequently,

are updated and prevent content created by bots and trolls from moving up in explore pages with engagement and clicks.

A DIGITAL DEVICE IS ALMOST TOO GOOD TO BE TRUE However, at times these algorithms start to filter in the repetitious behaviours of bloggers, small businesses and influencers innocently attempting to improve engagement and stay consistent in their content creation. When individuals began noticing the unmonitored AI patterns and what was happening as a result, social media platforms like Insta-

gram and Twitter were left no choice but to own up to what was happening… indirectly. Instagram admitted that it is “continuously working on improvements to our system” and advised on ways to keep the blocking of personal content at bay, including the recollection of a story through content and to stay authentic. Twitter also addressed the issue of content created by users being restricted or blocked on the wider feed and specified that it holds the right to “remove or refuse to distribute any Content on the Services, limit distribution or visibility of any Content on the service, suspend or terminate users” — a direct quote from the Terms and Conditions. Surely this would mean that users are safe as long as they are complying with the user guide-

lines of the platform? However, Instagram also acknowledged that posts “inappropriate for the international community” wouldn’t be featured on the Explore page, regardless of whether or not they follow guidelines wholly.

INSTAGRAM AND TWITTER WERE LEFT NO CHOICE All this begs the question of equality online. Social media holds the rights to the distribution of the content that we create — the online haven that many see as a platform used to produce and consume without censorship is still controlled, albeit discreetly.

exhibit

| TECH

EDITORS: Bridie Adams and Oliver Leader de Saxe

29 mar 2022 | 25

Can simulation provide a respectful presentation of violence? Evan Thomas, Comment Editor, reviews 'Ready or Not' and its depiction of real-world violence

N the 2019 Modern Warfare mission 'Clean House', the player, along with a group of SAS men, armed to the teeth, prepare to raid a townhouse. We’re given little information, only that hostiles may be present, but they’re almost certainly mixed in with civilians.

WE'RE NOT IN A WARTORN BATTLEFIELD We’re not in a war-torn battlefield, but someone’s home. For a franchise where you often unambiguously take the role of liberator or freedom defender, this level contrasts with much of what has come before it. Everything in the mission is designed to make you uncomfortable. You get the feeling that, with the crying baby and children’s decorations, you shouldn’t be there, armoured head-to-toe and ready to kill. The mission is a standout in what is expectedly, quite a by the numbers Call of Duty experience. However, that intensity you experience the first time you play can never be repeated. The scripted nature of the level, limitations of the AI and the unwillingness to truly say anything at all hampers its effects somewhat. Playing it the next time, you know what’s around each corner and ultimately the outcome of the level. There’s very little that can shock you when replaying. If, like me, you want (for some reason) to relive the intensity of this experience, then Ready or Not may be for you. While it draws most of its inspiration from 2005’s SWAT 4, the concept pitched, to me, a relatively new tactical shooter player. In many respects, where Modern Warfare falters, Ready or Not shines.

On release, Modern Warfare received rave reviews for its refreshing, punchy gameplay. Nonetheless, it was widely acknowledged that the actual story of the game was only serviceable at best. Developers, in an interview with Game Informer, said that the game wasn’t political, as it wasn’t literally involving “specific governments." The game is, in fact, highly political. You’re supposed to be affected by all the torture, murder and occupation that surrounds you, even when you’re directly participating in it. But that is the extent of the game’s antiwar sentiment. It goes out of its way to emphasise that everything you’re doing is justified, even if some of it may be unpleasant.

'READY OR NOT' MAY BE FOR YOU The Western forces and militia you fight with are good, while the Russians and militia you fight against are bad. It even goes so far as to rewrite alleged war crimes committed by Western forces, such as the Highway of Death, to be committed by the Russians instead. Really any game that depicts events that ape real life, especially when the content is so violent, is political. Ready or Not, however, doesn’t have a 'story' mode. It’s a SWAT simulation game, but an incredibly atmospheric one. It's successful in its presentation of realistic violence. You’ll be dropped in the aftermath, or continuing presence of massacres, gang shootouts and hostage rescue situations. Doing away with implicit narrative demonstrates why less is more. Before each mission, you choose your weapon and armour and receive the briefest of briefs. You’re not given extensive background on why the

hostiles you’re about to face are moustachetwirling villains. You simply have a job to do.

YOU'RE SUPPOSED TO FEEL SAD The distribution of civilian and combatant AI is random enough to make what lies beyond each door unpredictable. They can open doors, move wherever they like and take cover. Combatants don’t wear uniforms, so someone you thought to be a hostile could be a civilian and vice-versa. They’ll also surrender and feel very sorry for themselves. This humanisation of your foes is something you rarely see in shooter games, which tend to be much more focused on how satisfying it is to kill an enemy AI or player. However, killing in this game comes across as very wrong and the game discourages unauthorised use of force, which reduces your competency score displayed at the end of the mission. Dying yourself, or failing to prevent a civilian from being killed, will drastically reduce your score as well. This means that even if you play perfectly, there’s a distinct possibility that things will descend into a barrage of bullets. In the aftermath of one incident, I was left to check the bodies of those who’d just been killed. Some were armed, some were not. The game’s lack of restraint for putting innocent lives in danger, shows you the inevitable harm that any form of armed intervention has. It’s up to you, with the knowledge that your mere presence is putting human life at risk, whether each encounter is justified by your own moral standards. Of course, it’s not real, and as an early access game, there are many immersionshattering reminders. It has its fair share

Image: Ready or Not, VOID Interactive

of bugs, which lean towards the annoying, rather than hilarious, category. Although, in comparison to what’s been accepted by the average AAA release and many other early access titles, it’s surprisingly stable. The bulk of my experience has been singleplayer with AI teammates. They have very little character to them so you’re unlikely to get too attached, but as the squad leader, you have a powerful array of options to command them.

IT'S A SWAT SIMULATION GAME They tend to not be as brain-numbingly stupid as a typical FPS bot teammate either. Get ready for some truly cringy NPC dialogue too. Adding online gameplay certainly adds another layer of unpredictability. I unfortunately don’t have any friends (who both have a PC capable of running the game and an interest in playing a tactical shooter where your playthrough can be ended in a millisecond by a trip mine), so the only opportunity I have to play with real players is with randoms. The player community is a bit of a mixed bag. On the positive side, people do play to accomplish the objective, unlike in many other first-person shooters. I haven't even heard a 'your mum' joke yet, so that's nice. Yet, due to the nature of the game, teammates can accidentally kill a civilian, despite already identifiying them as such. This is exacerbated by the general unwillingness of other players to communicate through a mic. While foregoing narrative certainly does a lot more to help rather than harm Ready or Not, the game is still somewhat lacking in the treatment of some aspect of its subject matter, like police brutality. In real life, a SWAT team doesn’t know for sure if the people they’re about to face will be armed, violent or even in the wrong. They can be called for completely inappropriate and overreaching reasons. In Ready or Not, you know for sure you’re going to be facing bad guys, which subconsciously justifies some level of force. However, its gamification of violence is certainly a lot more respectful than the likes of Call of Duty. That’s not to say that all game violence needs to be disturbing — there’s nothing wrong with the fantastical gore of games like Doom. Nevertheless, when depicting events adjacent to reality, I think storytellers have a duty to veer away from the propagandistic state line as much as possible. That’s not because I think there’s any link between violence on screen and violence committed in real life, but because simply relaying the state narrative can reinforce a lack of accountability. So far, the franchise has proven itself incapable or unwilling to return to the unwavering anti-war ideology that was featured in Spec Ops: The Line, so the next best thing is simply to do away with the story altogether. Games have the potential to be a highly educational medium due to their immersive nature. Stripped of all the theatrics, showing violence as it really is might do wonders when reflecting on the state of the world.

study break

29 MAR 2022

exhibit

STUDY BREAK CROSSWORD

Across

SUDOKU

1 Fresh (3) 3 Call (not to be picked up: one of the 10 Down 1 Across 23) (5) 6/21 English singer-songwriter whose UK Top 10 singles include ‘Be The One’ (2015) (3,4) 8 Ancient Greek letter (5) 9 Body height (7) 10 Essay - iterates (anagram) (8) 11 Slant - bias (4) 14 Lessen (6) 15 Mate (don’t be one to an ex: one of the 10 Down 1 Across 23) (6) 18 Simple (4) 20 Dismissal from a place - shrub sum (anagram) (4,4) 22 Career (the ex only does so because they’re 6 Down and 26 in 6 Across 21’s 1 Across 23) (7) 23 Laws (5) 25 Allow (don’t ___ an ex in: one of the 10 Down 1 Across 23) (3) 26 Separately (5) 27 Up till now (3)

Down: 1 Net, 2 Weekend, 3 Practice, 4 Obsess, 5 Edam, 6 Drunk, 7 Awe, 10 Three, 12 Width, 13 Preserve, 16 Equally, 17 Gung-ho, 19 Split, 22 Col, 24 Sit. Across: 1 New, 3 Phone, 6/21 Dua Lipa, 8 Theta, 9 Stature, 10 Treatise, 11 Skew, 14 Reduce, 15 Friend, 18 Easy, 20 Bum’s rush, 22 Calling, 23 Rules, 25 Let, 26 Alone, 27 Yet. Trivia: 1. 1.5 volts 2. Singapore 3. Norway 4. Octothorpe 5. Dopey, Bashful, Grumpy, Sleepy, Sneezy, Happy, Doc 6. World War II

ANSWERS

Down 1 Mesh (3) 2 Time between Friday and Sunday Trivia corner evenings (7) 3 Rehearsal (it makes perfect in 6 Across 21’s 1 Across 23) (8) 4 Preoccupy (6) 5 Dutch cheese (4) 6 Intoxicated (5) 7 Wonder (3) 1. WHAT IS THE VOLTAGE OF A D CELL BATTERY? 10 Number of 1 Across 23 in a 6 Across 21 song (5) 12 Broadness (5) 2. WHICH CITY’S NAME MEANS “LION city”? 13 Protect (8) 16 Fairly - evenly (7) 17 Excessively enthusiastic (4-2) 3. WHICH EUROPEAN COUNTRY HAD THE LONGEST 19 Break up (5) COASTLINE? 21 See 6 Across 22 Mountain pass (3) 4. WHAT IS THE TECHNICAL NAME FOR THE POUND SIGN? 24 Take a seat (3) 5. WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF THE SEVEN DWARFS IN SNOW WHITE? 6. IN WHICH WAR WAS NAPALM FIRST USED?

LIFESTYLE

MUSIC

TECH

STUDY BREAK

ARTS + LIT

SCREEN

Science

29 MARCH 2022 | EXEPOSÉ

SCIENCE EDITORS:

Ellen Rogers and Nancy Stitt

The Amazon Rainforest is approaching a tipping point

M. Shelton discusses the importance of the Amazon Rainforest, and the threats it is under

NEW study in Nature Climate Change has found evidence that the Amazon Rainforest is nearing a tipping point which may cause mass die-offs. By analysing satellite images dating back to 1991, researchers determined that over 75 per cent of the forest shows signs of reduced resilience, meaning that it is losing the ability to recover from droughts and wildfires. As a wet rainforest, the Amazon maintains itself. Trees take up water from their roots and it transpires from their leaves, which in turn creates more rainfall. The shade of the canopy stops sunlight from drying out the soil. However, rising temperatures have length-

ened the region’s dry season, and the loss of trees to deforestation has damaged its water cycle. The drier the forest becomes, the more vulnerable it is to wildfires; the more trees die, the less rain falls, creating a downwards spiral.

75 per cent of the Amazon rainforest shows signs of reduced resilience Researcher Dr Chris Boulton from the University of Exeter said, “The trees are losing health and could be approaching a tipping point — basically, a mass loss of trees”. This die-

off would be sudden and irreversible. It is predicted that within decades significant portions of the rainforest could become dry savannah, which would destroy one of Earth’s largest carbon sinks. “The Amazon stores lots of carbon and all of that would be released into the atmosphere, which would then further contribute to increasing temperatures,” said Dr Boulton. The consequences would be severe and widespread. Exacerbating global temperature rises would worsen the subsequent storms, wildfires, and droughts, causing sea-levels to rise. The loss of the forest’s water cycle could reduce rainfall throughout the

continent and disrupt the South American monsoon system. As around ten per cent of all known species are found in the Amazon rainforest, the loss of this habitat would be a catastrophic

loss for global biodiversity. The region’s millennia-old indigenous communities would lose their homes and way of life. Does this mean that all hope is lost? Not according to researcher Dr Niklas Boers. The decline of the Amazon Rainforest is driven by two forces: climate change and deforestation. This, says Dr Boers, means that we have two ways to protect it. “If we take one of those factors out of the equation, my intuition would be that the system would be able to cope with it.” Therefore, concentrated efforts to stop deforestation may be humanity’s best hope of pulling the Amazon back from the brink.

Image: Flickr

The effects of vaping on the adolescent brain

Anabel Costa-Ferreira discusses how adolescent use of e-cigarettes can lead to ‘mental fog’

HE phrase ‘Vaping is better for you than a cigarette’ is something most of us have heard as a justification for an e-cigarette habit. Yet this is simply not the case. This misconception stemmed perhaps from word of mouth or the sleek, clean ads for vapes that present a false image of safety and cleanliness in comparison to a typical crusted cigarette. The damaging and hidden sideeffects are particularly a danger for the age bracket of 14-25, as it comes within a period of rapid development of the adolescent brain, which

continues until the age of around 25.

Vaping at this stage of development increases ‘mental fog’ Nicotine has already been proven to slow development in relation to many areas such as learning and concentration. A study by the University of Rochester Medical Centre (URMC) informs us that vaping at this stage of development increases what is defined as ‘mental fog.’ The idea of ‘mental fog’ is essentially

what it sounds like: when memories, decision making, and concentration become increasingly challenging and blurred. These are all effects similar to that of alcohol, and it is key here to note that in both access and consumption, e-cigarettes can also be a form of substance abuse, although a name may not yet exist for this. Looking in more scientific detail at the nicotine-impacted brain, we continue to learn about it. New synapses are formed in our brain, and the presence of nicotine is said to change the formation of these; therefore, its consumption directly affects brain growth and can even cause

permanent damage. Control and impulsivity behaviours can also be effected.

Sales of e-cigarettes have risen by 1800 per cent Whilst this ‘mental fog’ is concerning, it is also crucial to remember that scientists remain unaware of exactly what the root cause is — whether it is the ‘mental fog’ that makes a teen more likely to smoke, or whether smoking causes the ‘mental fog’. Either way, it

becomes a cycle difficult to disrupt. According to the Annals of Internal Medicine, around 1 in 20 Americans vape regularly. In Great Britain, the number of e-cigarette users grew from around 700,000 in 2012 to 3.6 million in 2019, falling to 3.2 million in 2020. This increased again in 2021 to 3.6 million according to Action on Smoking and Health. As the distribution remains on the rise, we must replace inhaling the taste of cotton candy with the consumption of knowledge, in order to exhale our doubts.

Mussels: the future of farming?

Daniel Pain investigates the sustainability and importance of mussel farming for our future

Image: Flickr

HERE our food comes from and the impact it has on the environment is rapidly becoming a massive area of public interest. Recent documentaries, such as Seaspiracy and Cowspiracy, have increased public perception and pushed science to increase the speed in which solutions are found. With pressures on land use increasing, and issues such as soil degradation and diminishing freshwater supplies affecting farming across the globe, it is time to look to ‘blue agriculture’. Shellfish (mussels in particular) have long been thought to provide a missing piece of the puzzle in solving food insecurity. Situated in Lyme Bay, less than 35 miles away from us here in Exeter, lies the biggest mussel farming operation in the UK. Here, mussels are grown on

lines of thick rope, a technique known as longline farming. Once the ‘spat’ (juvenile mussels) are connected to the rope, they require no external input making them the ideal ‘crop’ — no fertilisers nor pesticides required. They feed by filtering tiny organisms out of the water around them and in doing so, clean the water. A study conducted in 2018 found that a single mussel could filter up to 25 litres of water a day. This has led to further uses for mussels in water purification. Traditional farming methods can

A single mussel could filter up to 25 litres of water a day cause a massive lack of biodiversity if not properly managed. In the Lyme Bay

mussel farms, researchers at the University of Plymouth have found that biodiversity increased by 160 per cent since the farms’ addition to the waters, both on the seafloor and in the water column. If that wasn’t enough, mussels’ growth also aids in carbon fixation through a process known as biomineralisation. This is where the mussels fix carbon into their calcium carbonate shells as they grow, offering a way in which to contribute to a zero-carbon future. Dr Robert Ellis, a senior lecturer in Biosciences here at Exeter, is fascinated by the diverse range of uses mussels can have and has been researching ‘how would climate change effect mussel production in the UK’. Aiming to find ‘an understanding of the genetics of mussels’ and how this knowledge can be used to mitigate against the effects of climate change, he believes

mussel production has huge potential, especially in the UK. The long-term goal is to ‘use mussels as protein in other products’. Perhaps sooner rather than later we’ll be using mussels to build our own muscles!

Biodiversity increased by 1.6 times since mussel farms were added to waters As well as providing a rich source of nutrients, mussels are also incredibly tasty. So next time you’re trawling the aisles of your local supermarket, why not try something new and experiment with mussels. Not only are you sustaining your body, but the whole world at the same time.

EXEPOSÉ | 29 MAR 2022

SCIENCE

Ten days may not be enough Livvy Mason-Myhill, News Editor, discusses research showing that people may still be able to spread COVID-19 after ten days

STUDY conducted by the University of Exeter and funded by Animal Free Research UK, has found that one in ten people may still have clinically relevant levels of potentially infectious SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) past the ten-day quarantine period. The study was published in the International Journal of Infectious Diseases. The study used a newly adapted test that can detect whether the virus is potentially still active. This test was applied to samples from 176 people in Exeter who had tested positive on standard PCR tests. The study found that 13 per cent of people still showed clinically relevant levels of the virus after ten days, meaning that they could potentially still be infectious. Some of the people tested retained these levels for up to 68 days. To stop

the spread of COVID-19, it is believed that this new test should be applied in settings where people are vulnerable. The study was overseen by Professor Lorna Harries of the University of Exeter Medical School. She stated that “While this is a relatively small study, our results suggest that the potentially active virus may sometimes persist beyond a ten-day period and could pose a potential risk of onward transmission”.

a positive result only when the virus is active and potentially capable of onward transmission. This is unlike conventional PCR tests in that, although they can tell if someone has recently had the virus, these tests cannot detect whether the virus is still active or whether the person is infectious, leaving vital gaps in our knowledge. This study proves that there is still the risk of further spreads of COVID-19. Therefore, the Government’s recent decision to remove all restrictions may not be a wise one. This idea is supported by Merlin Davies of the University of Exeter Medical School, who suggested that “people continuing to be infectious after ten days could pose a serious public health risk”.

13 per cent of people still showed clinically relevant levels of virus after 10 days The test used within this study gives

Image: Unsplash

One drink is all it takes Bridie Adams, Editor, explains a new, worrying link between alcohol consumption and our brain health

OME studies have suggested that there are benefits to alcohol use, such as the lowered risk of heart disease amongst those who drink small amounts in comparison to heavy drinkers and those who steer clear of booze altogether. However, a recent study has shown that alcohol use has a much more worrying effect: a reduction of brain capacity. The newly published study, conducted by the University of Pennsylvania, says that even light-to-moderate drinking can be connected with damage to the brain. Researchers analysed figures from more than 36,000 adults and found a link between drinking and decreased brain size that begins at a stand-

ard consumption quantity of less than one alcohol unit a day — about half a pint of beer. The risk of brain size reduction rises with every extra beverage.

Found a link between drinking and decreased brain size that begins at... less than one alcohol unit ‘Moderate drinking’ is generally described as one or two drinks a day for men, and one drink maximum for women, each day. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol-

ism states that, for women, anything more than seven drinks per week exceeds ‘moderate’ or ‘safe’ levels of alcohol consumption. For men, this is fourteen drinks per week at most. Nave, a corresponding author of the study, said: “The fact that we have such a large sample size allows us to find subtle patterns, even between drinking half a beer and one beer a day”. This has proven true, as this research has found that an increase as small as one extra drink a day in 50-year-olds can result in the brain ‘ageing’ two years. For perspective, this could constitute simply going from drinking half a pint of beer each day (three or four pints in total per week) to a pint a day (seven pints per week).

An increase as small as one extra drink a day in 50-year-olds can result in the brain ‘ageing’ Overall, this study tells us that the science on heavy drinking and its impact on the brain are clear. Even those who drink less than the recommended amount per week are likely to experience alterations in brain form and size that are connected with cognitive deterioration. With this in mind, make sure that you think with —

and of — your brain before picking up a bottle from the supermarket again.

Image: Unsplash

Artificial clouds: the next breakthrough or just fluff ?

Floris de Bruin, Sports Editor, discusses how solar geoengineering can help cool the earth

HEN tried and tested methods such as reforestation and transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energies are not happening fast enough, scientists have turned their attention to more innovative, and perhaps riskier, approaches to tackle global warming in the short term. One of the most daring solutions proposed is solar geoengineering, the practice of reflecting sunlight back into space to cool the earth. After the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines, scientists made a surprising observation: the white ash and sulphates spewed high into the stratosphere formed a sun-protective shield around the globe, reflecting sun rays back into space. This particle cloud was primarily responsible for reducing the

average global temperature by 0.6C that year, presenting incalculable opportunities for climate researchers. Since Pinatubo, several scientists have attempted to recreate artificial reflective surfaces to counteract the effects of global warming. After several daring and sometimes outlandish efforts, such as launching mirrors into space or the Peruvian effort to paint mountaintops white, scientists have focused their attention on clouds, which naturally reflect sunlight. Marine stratocumulus clouds are especially effective at reflecting sunlight, with a large cover over the earth’s surface and their ability to cool the ocean. Since this discovery, efforts to make clouds whiter — a process called “marine cloud brightening” — are being seriously consid-

ered by solar geoengineering bodies. Since then, numerous promising projects have sprung up, including Stephen Salter’s ambition to produce ‘artificial clouds’ of seawater or water vapour to reduce global temperatures by 1.5C. He claims that “[s]praying about ten cubic metres per second could undo all the [global warming] damage we’ve done to the world up until now.” In addition, he argues that this technology could be used to offset extreme weather events such as hurricanes. The MCB Project led by Kelly Wanser in Silicon Valley is another notable mention. She proposes to design machines — like commercial snowmaking machines — that are capable of spraying “particles ten thousand times smaller [than snow] … at three trillion particles per second.” In addi-

tion, stratospheric aerosol scattering (SAS) is another innovative way to lower global average temperatures, by spraying aerosols ten kilometres above the clouds, mimicking volcanic activity such as that of Mount Pinatubo. However, there are several reasons why many of these projects have been purposefully delayed by governmental agencies and climate activist groups. The main issue with solar geoengineering is that its side-effects are not well-understood, let alone on the scale needed to slow down weather events, as Salter suggested. According to Tim Smedley, “it could prompt droughts, flooding and catastrophic crop failures.” In addition, there are legitimate fears such technology could be weaponised, recalling the instance when the US army conducted their “cloud seed-

ing” missions during the Vietnam War. Furthermore, solar geoengineering has been criticised for representing the interests of fossil fuel companies and billionaires. Since solar geoengineering is not designed to address the root cause of global warming, seeking instead to mitigate climate disasters, people fear that it could be used as an excuse to slow down the transition away from fossil fuels. Solar geoengineering is seen as papering over the cracks, giving governments more leigh weigh in deprioritising green policies. Everyone hopes that we do not have to rely on such a questionable quick fix. Still, when climate solutions are happening too slowly, we may have to consider solar geoengineering more seriously.

SPORT

29 MAR 2022

Who wins the Premier League top four race? Fergus Sowrey explores the race for a top four finish in the Premier League ahead of the campaign’s run in

S we near the home straight of the Premier League season, there is still all to play for with a two-horse title race, a relegation scrap, plus a huge battle for fourth place to determine who will join Manchester City, Liverpool and most likely Chelsea at the top table of European football. The teams involved include Arsenal, Tottenham, Manchester United, along with West Ham United and Wolverhampton Wanderers. With all teams no longer competing domestically and West Ham the only remaining side hunting for European glory, the focus for all teams will be challenging for the remaining Champions League spot. Heading into the international break, there is one clear favourite amongst the pack, that team being Arsenal, who are hoping to qualify for the Champions League for the first time since the 2015-16 season in which Leicester City won the Premier League title. Despite a somewhat lacklustre start to their 2022, being knocked out of both domestic cup competitions in only a matter of weeks, Arsenal have only lost one league game since New Year’s Day and seem to have found the ability to grind out wins thanks to their growing defensive resilience.

to trip up in the hunt for fourth place. Moving across to the other side of north London, Tottenham Hotspur are also hoping to make a return to the Champions League for the first time since their 2019-20 campaign, which saw them crash out against RB Leipzig 4-0 on aggregate. Having had four different permanent managers since they reached the Champions League Final in 2019, the quality of the side has consistently been questioned by the coach, with Pochettino saying “if you want to have a lovely house, you need better furniture.” This has been paraphrased by Jose Mourinho and Antonio Conte, which makes

the club, particularly this season, due to frequent poor performances. Overall, there is a toxic atmosphere around Manchester United, but there remains a chance they could cap off a rather underwhelming season with a top four finish. The experience of players such as Cristiano Ronaldo and Raphael Varane will be needed in the huge games they have remaining against Liverpool, Arsenal and Chelsea. There have been glimmers of the quality that exists in the United squad, but the team seem to struggle in maintaining such intensity for 90 minutes as shown in draws against the likes of Aston Villa, Burnley and Wat-

sit six points off the top four having played two games more than fourthplaced Arsenal. Therefore, it is rather unlikely that West Ham could qualify for the Champions League through the Premier League places, and so it is most probable that they will be aiming to take the route into Europe’s top club competition via winning the Europa League. Having beaten Sevilla, a side notoriously affiliated with winning the competition, West Ham will have the confidence to believe they can get past any side. This European run might hinder their league performances due to fatigue from travelling across Europe and potentially playing 120 minutes of football, but fans will be keen on a push for silverware and will surely settle for another Europa League place if need be. As well as West Ham, Wolverhampton Wanderers are another side who seem to be starting to fall behind the pack. Having last played in the European Cup in the 1959-60 season, Wolves started the New Year looking like a side who could threaten the likes of Arsenal, Tottenham and Manchester United in the hunt for fourth.

Manchester United began the season as title contenders... that suggestion appears

The feel-good factor seems to be back at Arsenal, but it has been previously shown This upswing of results, which began in February, has since developed into vibrant, positive performances, which have particularly showcased the attacking quality of Bukayo Saka, Gabriel Martinelli and Martin Ødegaard. With six league wins in seven games, Arsenal will be hoping to get back to where they believe they belong amongst the European elite, who they went toe to toe with for 19 successive seasons up until the start of the 2017-18 season in which they featured in the UEFA Europa League, the second tier of European club football. The feel-good factor seems to be back at Arsenal, but it has been previously shown how quickly this can change. With fixtures against Chelsea, Manchester United, Spurs and West Ham still remaining, the quality of Mikel Arteta’s side will truly be put to the test. Arsenal fans will not want a repeat of the collapse which saw them narrowly miss out on a Champions League place in the 2018-19 season, and so will be keenly looking over their shoulder at the sides that will be waiting for them

six. Spurs also only have two of the big six to play in their remaining nine fixtures, that being Liverpool and Arsenal, and so they may potentially have a somewhat easier run-in than their North London rivals. Their recent 3-1 win against West Ham will also leave fans content heading into the international break, but with the inconsistency of their results, who knows what version of Spurs will turn up on matchday. The final main contender in the race for fourth place is Manchester United, who began the season with some labelling them as potential title winners. With United sitting sixth in the table, four points behind Arsenal

Photo: Rob Worthington

it surprising to see them compete for fourth place in the current season. After a horrible string of results which saw Spurs lose four league games in five after defeat at Burnley, there has been a minor turnaround for Tottenham of late, with four wins in five league games. However, there remains an inconsistency in their results. It seems baffling that with only two changes in the Spurs line-up, they beat Manchester City and lost to Middlesbrough in only a matter of weeks. However, despite Arsenal having a game in hand over their arch-rivals, Spurs sit only three points behind them, and with the North London Derby still to be played at the Tottenham Hotspur Stadium, there is still a chance that the Lilywhites could mount a late charge for the top four. Harry Kane seems to be firing once again, along with ever-present Son, as well as new signing Dejan Kulusevski, who has already bettered the tally of goal involvements that Giovani Lo Celso had in the Premier League. Tottenham have finished above Arsenal for the past five seasons and fans will be hoping that this run extends to

in fourth, having played one game more than the London side, that suggestion appears almost laughable now. However, there is no doubt over the quality of the Manchester United squad, which includes the likes of Ronaldo, Sancho, Varane, Pogba, Fernandes and De Gea. Comments made by Cristiano Ronaldo at the start of the New Year saying that a top three finish was an absolute minimum for Manchester United seem to echo the sense that the club are underachieving. The concern from the fans over the Glazer ownership of Manchester United has been no secret, with protests occurring in May 2021 following the proposal of the European Super League. There is a distrust of the owners, who have failed to meet the financial expectations of the fans of a club that is used to competing for major titles, and who have failed to deliver on promises regarding fan involvement of late. Even when spending, fans have not been pleased with the acquisitions, particularly Harry Maguire, who was bought for approximately £80 million and has become increasingly unpopular during his time at

ford, as well as in their disappointing home defeat to Atletico Madrid which saw them exit the Champions League knockout stage in the round of 16. Even Ralf Rangnick has recognised this inconsistency throughout the 90 minutes, with the interim manager calling for his team to be more like Dr Jekyll and less like Mr Hyde, following a 2-0 win against Brighton & Hove Albion which occurred thanks to a much improved second half performance. It is clear that United face an uphill battle in order to have any chance of qualifying for the first tier of European football for the third successive season, and so the Red Devils must find a way to showcase the undoubtable quality that they possess within their squad as we reach the home straight of the Premier League season. Moving on to the outsiders, there remain two other clubs who could acquire fourth spot and seal the lucrative place in the Champions League. These clubs are West Ham United and Wolverhampton Wanderers. Starting off with the Hammers, following their 3-1 away defeat at the hands of their rivals Tottenham, they

With three league wins from three in January, including a 1-0 win away at Old Trafford, Bruno Lage was the first Manager of the Month winner for 2022. Their 2-0 win away at Tottenham in February certainly put them in the mix, as it left them only four points behind then fourth-placed West Ham with two games in hand for the Molineux side. However, since then they have lost three games in five, including a disappointing home defeat at the hands of Leeds United, and now sit several points behind Arsenal in fourth, having played two games more. The European dream seems unlikely to be realised for Wolves this season, but they will almost certainly be pushing to get back into the Europa League in which they last competed in the 2019-20 season, reaching the quarterfinals before defeat to eventual champions Sevilla. It is hard to predict who will emerge victorious in the race for fourth place, but with West Ham and Wolves falling behind, as well as Spurs and Manchester United being seemingly unable to deal with their inconsistencies, it seems most likely that Arsenal will qualify for the Champions League for its next campaign, ending a painful drought for the North London side.

29 MAR 2022 | EXEPOSÉ

Shane Warne — a life well lived

Stanley Murphy-Johns reflects on the life of late Australian cricketer Shane Warne

HANE Warne took 708 wickets in 145 Test matches. As a cricketer, Shane Warne is one of the greatest bowlers to ever grace Test cricket, but more importantly, Shane Warne was something different, the sore thumb of sport science and a celebrity akin to Beckham for football. His death was a shock to so many because he was always so full of life, and the joy his life brought to so many was evident in the days after he passed. I wasn’t a cricket fan in 1992 when Shane Warne burst onto the international cricket scene because I wasn’t yet born, and I was barely a cricket fan in 2007 when Warne retired from Test cricket after another successful Ashes campaign. However, in spite of my lack of awareness of Warne during his playing days, he is perhaps one of the cricket names I have recognised the longest in my lifetime. As a kid, I had a fascination with spin bowling and my Dad would tell me about Shane Warne being "a genius with a cricket ball". So then a while

later, I looked up highlight reels and marvelled at his ability to calmly pick apart an entire team of seasoned batsmen, his intelligence in the face of a staunch defence, and his remarkable desire to overcome his opposition. Mike Gatting remarked (almost predictably) that “over the years there have been a lot of great bowlers, a lot of great leg spinners, but Warne will always be number one.” Perhaps Gatting says this because of the famous ball he faced on 4 June 1993, the ball which Warne attributes to have “kickstarted his career,” a ball which inspired, intrigued and defied all notions of physics. Or perhaps Gatting places Warne at number one because this moment was not singular. So many times Shane Warne created grandstand historic moments that it would be almost rude to attribute the number one spot to anyone else. In an interview during the most recent Ashes series just a couple of months ago, Warne supposed that "the public still like me because I own my

mistakes". And there is definitely truth in this. He was undoubtedly a celebrity from the Gatting ball onwards and he made very public mistakes, but he owned them. He played in the Ashes series in 2006 as the English fans chanted about his ongoing divorce and he accepted that he had caused that situation. His honesty made him more respectable and this respect added to his cricketing prowess, which led to the making of a figure who undoubtedly inspired a generation of cricket. Shane Warne understood that the game was about entertaining people. He discussed in a recent documentary how every ball was a ‘delivery,’ the crowd holding an importance on a similar level to the batsman he was facing. He understood the impact that the crowd could have, the intensity of thousands poised, anticipating the next moment of brilliance. He worked this crowd like an esteemed conductor, each ball a motion to his orchestra, each wicket a flourish or dramatic key change. So of course given his understand-

ing of the crowd, he became a superstar, a star whom most of the cricket community regard to have been extremely responsive and understanding. Recently Nasser Hussain praised Warne’s patience, talking about how he would take photos with all the fans who waited outside the gates for him. This helped him to be a superstar, an icon of the sport. But to ensure that he made time for individual fans is one

of so many things which set him apart. He was a cricketing legend, he was the perfect media bait and he was an unassuming yet vicious competitor. No matter the criticism levelled at Shane Warne, one which never could be criticised, would be his commitment to living his life. He took opportunities, he loved his family and he rejuvenated his sport. The man was a legend and there will not be another like him.

Photo: Eva Rindaldi

Season four of Drive to Survive — the Icarus of F1?

Rose Booth takes a look at the relationship between F1 and the Netflix series of Formula 1: Drive to Survive

AS the hit Netflix show finally flown too close to the sun? It certainly feels that way if you are an avid fan of the sport. If you haven’t seen a single episode of Drive to Survive at this point, I salute you. If you completely missed any of the drama and chaos of the 2021 Formula 1 season, I am baffled by you. For the rest of you, season four of the hit Netflix show, combined with the nailbiting awesomeness that was the 2021 season, sounded too good to be true. And maybe it was just that. Formula 1 is a hardcore sport to follow. The season is eight months long, there’s three days to each race, 23 races at tracks across the globe, all mixed up with incredible intricacies and technicalities that even those on the Drive to Survive team couldn’t fully understand. Opinions on the sport usually land between, "I just don’t understand how you can watch a car go round and round a racetrack?" to "it’s the best sport in the world!" It is perhaps unsurprising then — to those avid fans at least — that a Netflix show which packages all of this up, adds exclusive, behind-closeddoors coverage, interviews and spices it all up with a bit of melodrama, has been such a success. Having just returned for a much-anticipated fourth season, Drive to Survive has undoubtably succeeded in its ultimate goal: to increase the profile of the sport and

ramp up interest, followers, and views. According to The Guardian, cumulative TV audiences were up four per cent from 2020 to 2021 and the season finale, one of the closest in its history, saw a 29 per cent increase on the previous year. Why then has the new season come under so much criticism? And is Drive to Survive still a good addition to the world of Formula 1? Max Verstappen, the hero (or villain) of the 2021 season, is noticeably absent, citing the “faked rivalries” as the reasoning behind his absence. The McLaren episode (Episode Two) does have a sense of a hyped-up relationship between Lando Norris and Carlos Sainz from years gone by. The sit-down-and-make-up chat between Lando Norris, Daniel Ricciardo and the McLaren media team felt particularly contrived. The tension between Team Principals Toto Wolff and Christian Horner, of Mercedes and Red Bull respectively, is certainly embellished with clever cutting and voiceovers. Wolff himself has voiced opinions over the series, commenting, “It’s scary how much we let them in. They create a spin to the narrative. They put scenes together that didn’t happen.” The loss of Max Verstappen to this series is only emphasised by the recurring presence of former Spice Girl, Geri Halliwell, swishing her ginger locks and somewhat massaging Horner’s ego. This is without

mentioning Horner’s own cinematic runs, horse rides across green fields, and even a bit of shooting. This is where, if you’re here for sport, season 4 of Drive to Survive lost complete sight of, well, motor racing. But surely that’s the point? Drive to Survive is a reality show. Not only this, but it’s one we’ve already seen! Or, at the very least, know the ending of. The series has raised the profile of the huge number of idiosyncrasies and complex financial and managerial situations at large in the sport that those new to it may well have underestimated or be frankly baffled by. The cinematic slow-motion shots, the science fiction-like sound effects, and atmospheric soundtrack result in a

hugely watchable television show. Most importantly, it has made the people, or men I should say as they make up a scarily high majority of those working in the sport, just that — people. All of the reasons listed above are exactly why I loved the first three seasons of Drive to Survive. But has Formula 1, whose idea it was to make the show in the first place, become its own worst enemy? When watching this series, I got the impression the intrusive cameras and microphones were in fact starting to annoy the drivers and their teams. Not only this, but there’s a growing sense that those very people are in fact now acting; or at the very least playing a part. Yes, I’m talking to you, Big Bad Wolff.

Image: Pixabay

Then there’s the varying coverage of the different teams: Aston Martin barely get a look in, missed opportunities to show great races and storylines, the Hungarian Grand Prix springs to mind, combined with repeated scenes of people eating breakfast all contribute to this series falling flat. Even the epic final few races and controversy surrounding Max’s victory, which Netflix could hardly ignore, offered the audience nothing new. There’s no insight into the postrace appeals from Mercedes or the extensive conversations with nowremoved race director Michael Masi. Whether the pinnacle of motorsport is indeed being ruled in favour of good television, I’ll leave up to you. Formula 1 CEO Stefano Domenicali’s opening comments in Episode One, “I have the duty to maximise the value of Formula 1” certainly sounded loaded. Whichever side of the Formula 1 and Drive to Survive pit lane you stand on, there is no doubt about the brilliance of the series. It’s superbly well made; the editing and graphics are all beautifully narrated in voiceover by the charismatic and neutral Will Buxton and Jenny Gow. And perhaps season four of Drive to Survive could never live up to the drama that was the 2021 season. I, for one, will certainly still be tuning in next year, if only just to check in on the real hero of the show, Guenther Steiner.

29 MAR 2022| EXEPOSÉ

Sport

SPORT EDITORS:

Oscar Young Rob Worthington

Exeter City FC: it’s time to get excited

Photo: Roger Cornfoot

Tom Picillo

FTER one whole decade confined to the oh so familiar fourth division of English football, could this finally be their season? Could Matt Taylor relieve Exeter City from the ruthless succession of more mid-table mediocrity? The Grecians are notorious for their poor fortune when it comes to finishing a League Two campaign with silverware. Consecutive Wembley playoff finals against Blackpool and Coventry City in the late 2010s were glorious opportunities for Exeter to finally bring League One football back to St James Park, but alas, both ended in cruel defeat for Paul Tisdale’s Grecians. Another chance would be squandered when the red and whites, under the new management of Matt Taylor, lost a third playoff final in four years, this time to Northampton Town at the end of the 2019/20 season. The relentless repetition of crushed promotion dreams has left Exeter City fans seeing a route out of the labyrinth that is League Two as a form of kryptonite and viewing the word ‘promotion’ as one that simply doesn’t sit comfortably in the company of Exeter City Football Club. So, for Exeter City manager Matt Taylor, the 2021/22 season would be a chance to tear up these false pretences and replicate his personal success with the Grecians in the mid-2000s when he played a key role in consecutive promotions from the Confer-

ence to League One. The Lancashire-born former centre half would continue into his fourth year in the St James Park dugout tasked with the job of finally taking his beloved Exeter City back to the third tier. His job wasn’t to be made easy though. Having lost several key players in the summer including Joel Randall, Jake Taylor, Ryan Bowman, and Randell Williams; Matt Taylor’s first job was to find replacements for his outgoing stars. Josh Coley was brought in to replace Randall, Tim Dieng to replace Taylor, a new strikeforce of Sam Nombe and Jevani Brown would replace Ryan Bowman who left for Shrewsbury Town, and Randell Williams’s role was filled by academy graduate Josh Key who played as a defender in the previous season but would take on a more attacking role for the upcoming campaign. More academy graduates would be brought in to bolster the squad including defenders Alex Hartridge and Cheick Diabate, plus winger Jack Sparkes. Many critics believed the squad had been weakened from the season prior. These sceptics would soon be proven unequivo-cally, undeniably, and indisputably mistaken. The first game of the season would be an emotional affair. The first time that St James Park had been chock-full of supporters no longer bound to coronavirus restrictions would be a spectacle to behold. A community sharing a common life-long love and loyalty for their football club and city were reunited. It

would be no surprise that the buzzing atmosphere on the Big Bank didn’t take long to return to its pre-Covid levels. Despite this, Exeter’s first game of the season against Bradford would end goalless, as would an away game against Barrow. The Grecians also failed to score against Leyton Orient and Forest Green Rovers, all within the opening six rounds. However, any concerns about the goalscoring capabilities of the Grecians would soon be put to bed. Exeter have boasted some of the finest attacking forces League Two has seen in recent years. A mammoth 47 goals scored by the fantastic three of Ollie Watkins, David Wheeler and Reuben Reid in the 2016/17 campaign would be tough to beat, but Matt Taylor’s new offensive trio of Matt Jay, Jevani Brown and Sam Nombe would certainly challenge them. The impressive 26 goals scored between them makes up only half the story, for the Exeter City front, these three have more than played their role in bringing others into goalscoring positions. Taylor’s new silky Frenchman, Tim Dieng, would do brilliantly to reach double figures for the first time in his career, whilst a grand total of fifteen men in red and white would successfully convert this season. This glorious goalscoring guided the Grecians to a 15 game unbeaten run in League Two from the middle of August until the end of November. The Christmas period, however, would not be one full of festive cheer

for the promotion-seeking Grecians. A coronavirus outbreak amongst the Exeter City squad would deplete their side to the bare bones. These continuous absences even forced the postponement of their Boxing Day fixture against Swindon Town, a blow for supporters hoping to fulfil their festive traditions, but also for the club seeing another fixture crammed into their jam-packed schedule approaching in the Spring. An exit from the FA Cup in December was followed up by league defeats to Northampton Town and Tranmere Rovers, whilst the start of the new year only saw the Grecians take a singular point away from their opening two games. This followed by another cup exit, in the Papa John’s Trophy, left Exeter City supporters feeling pessimistic about the second half of the campaign. Once the new year cobwebs were blown off, Matt Taylor’s New Year’s resolution would be fulfilled in the most extraordinary way. The Grecians would enter a run I can only describe as mesmerisingly resilient, yet somehow the antonym of unprecedented. Even over the Christmas period, it was clear to see that Taylor’s squad was capable of competing with the finest teams in the fourth division. This was evident when the Covid-depleted Grecians secured a hard-fought point away at Forest Green Rovers a week into the New Year, fuelling Matt Taylor’s men in a mighty second half of the season thus far.

For more coverage of Exeter sport, head to @exeposesport

Exeter City have suffered defeat just once in their last 15 games, with the Grecians victorious in nine of them. This would not have been possible if it were not for the heroic efforts from the unflappable Exeter defence. Nine clean sheets in 15 games, and 14 across the whole season, means Cameron Dawson and the rest of the City defence already have as many clean sheets as they did last campaign. Amongst these results was a spectacular embodiment of Exeter City’s 2021/22 promotion-seeking season. A thrilling fixture against Harrogate Town saw the Grecians, trailing 3-1 in the 70th minute, complete a staggering 4-3 triumph over the Yorkshire side, courtesy of a 95th minute stunner from the returning Jack Sparkes. The already sky-high morale amongst the squad would be elevated even higher after this result, spurring the Grecians to secure 12 points from their next six fixtures. Matt Taylor will continue to march his red and white army into the final nine games of what is hopefully their last League Two campaign for a while, eager and ready to finally complete the decadelong assignment of returning Exeter City Football Club to the third tier of English football. Having personally supported the Grecians for seven seasons, this time the aura around St James Park feels somewhat different, more optimistic, perhaps. It really does feel like the dawn of a new era at Exeter City Football Club.