Nursing Research in Canada 4th Edition by Geri
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Chapter 05: Finding and Appraising the Literature
LoBiondo-Wood: Nursing Research in Canada, 4th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following best describes a student’s task of gathering information on a topic in preparing a paper for a class assignment?
a Critiquing a study
b . Researching a topic
c . Conducting a study
d . Searching the literature
ANS: B
Feedback
A A critique of a study determines the study’s strengths and weaknesses; the critique of the literature review is only one focus of the overall critique.
B A critical review of the literature is used to investigate topics for class assignments.
C A literature review in a study includes a critical evaluation of databased and conceptual literature.
D Searching the literature is conducted both in information-seeking efforts for research and in academic assignments.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
MSC: NCLEX Client Care Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment; Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. Where is the literature review typically found in a research report?
a . In the abstract
b In the Discussion section
c Following the Methods section
d . After the beginning of the report
ANS: D
Feedback
A Although it may be referred to, the abstract does not contain the full literature review.
B There may be some reference to the literature to explain the findings; however, the Discussion section is not typically where the full literature review is found.
C The literature review is not found following the Methods section.
D The literature review is found after the beginning of the report, typically after the Introduction to the study.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
MSC: NCLEX Client Care Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment; Health Promotion and Maintenance
3. Which of the following statements about the importance of literature review to the research process is accurate?
a Literature review guides all steps of the research process.
b Literature review is necessary only in defining the problem statement.
c . Literature review provides a vehicle to disseminate the findings of the study.
d . The value of literature review is limited to finding gaps or inconsistencies in the knowledge base.
ANS: A Feedback
A Literature review is constantly referred to and is important throughout all stages of a research study.
B Literature review guides the problem statement as it is defined, along with all other parts and stages of a research study.
C A completed study may be published to disseminate its findings and
thus becomes one citation in a literature review for future studies.
D Literature review contributes to consistencies in the literature, locates instruments used to measure variables, identifies experts on topics, and has other functions as well.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
MSC: NCLEX Client Care Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment; Health Promotion and Maintenance
4. Which of the following objectives of literature review is unique to a review for research purposes?
a . Discovering conceptual traditions used to examine problems
b . Generating useful research questions and hypotheses for nursing
c . Determining what is known and unknown about a subject, concept, or problem
d . Uncovering a new practice intervention or gaining support for current interventions, protocols, and policies
ANS: B
Feedback
A Discovering conceptual traditions used to examine problems applies
to systematic reviews and to reviews for research purposes.
B The literature review focuses the research purpose by discovering conflicts in the literature and pinpointing where little research evidence exists.
C Discovering conceptual traditions used to examine problems applies to systematic reviews and to reviews for research purposes.
D A systematic review offers clinicians the best available evidence to make clinical judgements and to support evidence-informed practice protocols.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
MSC: NCLEX Client Care Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment; Health Promotion and Maintenance
5. Some reviews of the literature are organized according to a . retrieved materials.
b . theoretical summaries.
c . importance of the author.
d . variables being studied.
ANS: D
Feedback
A Some retrieved citations are not useful and must be discarded.
B The conceptual or theoretical framework does not necessarily organize the literature review.
C At times, authors must be unknown in order to do a thorough literature review.
D The variables being studied provide a useful organizational approach to the literature review; other organizational approaches exist as well.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
MSC: NCLEX Client Care Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment; Health Promotion and Maintenance
6. Which of the following statements about literature review for research purposes is true?
a . Literature review has no relevance to interpreting the findings.
b . The researcher needs to review only the literature that supports the findings.
c . The researcher should review literature that supports the findings and also literature that refutes the findings.
d . Literature review is of relevance to the conceptualization of the study.
Feedback
A Literature review is used to accurately interpret and discuss the results or findings of a study.
B Literature review has many purposes, including the discovery of gaps, consistencies, inconsistencies, and unanswered questions in the literature about a problem.
C Literature review should be done to support as well as refute findings.
D Literature review is an essential element to the conceptualization as well as to the other parts of the study.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis
MSC: NCLEX Client Care Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment; Health Promotion and Maintenance
7. Which of the following characteristics is associated specifically with a refereed journal?
a . The articles are critiqued by a panel of experts.
b . The articles selected for publication relate to a specific field of knowledge.
c Competition occurs among authors to have their articles published in this journal.
d . The journal publishes only articles that are primary sources of research findings.
ANS: A
Feedback
A The articles are critiqued by a panel of experts.
B Articles selected for publication are sources of the latest information about a great variety of fields of knowledge.
C No overt competition occurs among authors, since in a refereed journal the reviews are blinded in most cases.
D Refereed journals are the first source of primary scholarly literature.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
MSC: NCLEX Client Care Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment; Health Promotion and Maintenance
8. Which of the following article titles suggests that the article is conceptual or theoretical in nature?
a . A Nursing Intervention to Reduce Prehospital Delay in Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial
b The Vulnerability of Elder Abuse Among a Sample of Custodial Grandfathers: An Exploratory Study
c . Depression, Self-Esteem, Loneliness, and Social Support Among Mothers Participating in the New Parents Project
d Toward a Theory of Patient Satisfaction
ANS: D
Feedback
A This title suggests an experimental research design.
B This title suggests a descriptive quantitative or qualitative research design.
C This title suggests a nonexperimental descriptive study.
D This article reflects on a theory or concept concerning patient satisfaction.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis
MSC: NCLEX Client Care Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment; Health Promotion and Maintenance
9. What type of article is implied when the author uses the following phrase in the abstract of the article? “A study was conducted.”
a Empirical literature
b . Conceptual literature
c Clinical literature
d Informational literature
ANS: A
Feedback
A The word study suggests a data-based or empirical article.
B As a study, the article does not imply solely conceptual literature.
C It is not possible to determine that the article focuses on clinical literature.
D The word study excludes an article including informational literature.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis
MSC: NCLEX Client Care Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment; Health Promotion and Maintenance
10. How are secondary sources valuable in literature review?
a They provide material written by the person who conducted the
study.
b . They provide a different way of looking at specific issues or problems.
c . They determine the relationship of two or more variables affecting an outcome.
d . They increase the body of nursing knowledge in a specific area of practice.
ANS: D
Feedback
A Secondary sources are authored by an individual other than the researcher who conducted the study.
B The evidence that is distilled by an expert usually provides a critical evaluation or response to a study, not necessarily a different way of looking at specific issues or problems.
C This answer describes the pattern of a hypothesis.
D Secondary sources published in refereed journals usually include implications for practice and the work’s contributions to the development of nursing science.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
MSC: NCLEX Client Care Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment; Health Promotion and Maintenance
11. Which of the following strategies or actions is most important in writing a relevant literature review?
a . Including as many secondary sources as possible
b . Analyzing an article for its strengths and weaknesses
c Using direct quotations to present the majority of the information
d . Allowing the research consumer to form to his or her own synthesis of the literature
ANS: B
Feedback
A Primary sources are preferred to secondary sources when writing a relevant literature review.
B Critical reviews of articles are strategies that reveal the article’s strengths and weaknesses; critiques are essential for writing relevant reviews of the literature.
C Paraphrasing and interpreting literature citations are preferred strategies over direct quotations for most literature reviews.
D The researcher, not the consumer of research, synthesizes the literature to determine the research question, the basis of the study, and the implementation of the study.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
MSC: NCLEX Client Care Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment; Health Promotion and Maintenance
12. Which of the following is an appropriate method of “weeding out” irrelevant sources when conducting an electronic search for articles for the literature review on a selected topic?
a Collecting and critically reading all articles related to the topic published in the last 10 years.
b . Selecting for printout only those articles whose abstracts indicate usefulness.
c . Avoiding articles from clinical journals.
d . Avoiding articles that do not include the term “study” in the title.
ANS: B
Feedback
A This approach is too time-consuming, and the selection of sources is not sufficiently narrowed.
B This approach narrows the search to a more manageable focus.
C Some clinical journal articles may be relevant, including data-based and conceptual sources.
D Many data-based articles do not include the word study in the title; avoiding such articles on a research topic would restrict the selection.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
MSC: NCLEX Client Care Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment; Health Promotion and Maintenance
13. How should an article reporting the results of a study that failed to obtain significant findings be categorized?
a Empirical literature
b Conceptual literature
c . Clinical literature
d . Informational literature
ANS: A Feedback
A The phrase significant findings suggests a quantitative study; whether the findings were significant or not, this still indicates that the study should be classified as empirical literature.
B The example indicates that the study was empirical, not conceptual, literature.
C There is no information to suggest that the study used clinical or another type of literature.
D This answer is not specific enough. Much of the literature can be considered informational.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
MSC: NCLEX Client Care Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment; Health Promotion and Maintenance
14. Which of the following descriptions or headings is highly indicative of a data-based article?
a . Purpose
b . Conclusions
c . Method
d . Organizing framework
ANS: C Feedback
A Many articles have stated purposes.
B Many articles have stated conclusions.
C The description method suggests a systematic, objective approach intrinsic to a data-based article.
D Many articles have organizing frameworks, such as theoretical.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis
MSC: NCLEX Client Care Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment; Health Promotion and Maintenance
15. Which of the following resources represents the most comprehensive source for nursing literature?
a . CINAHL
b . MEDLINE
c . The Canadian Nurse
d . World Wide Web
ANS: A